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Nguyen XC, Nguyen TP, Lam VS, Le PC, Vo TDH, Hoang THT, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Estimating ammonium changes in pilot and full-scale constructed wetlands using kinetic model, linear regression, and machine learning. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168142. [PMID: 37898211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a widely utilized nature-based wastewater treatment method for various effluents. However, their application has been more focused on pilot and full-scale CWs with substantial surface areas and extended operation times, which hold greater relevance in practical scenarios. This study used kinetics, linear regression (LR), and machine learning (ML) models to estimate effluent ammonium in pilot and full-scale CWs. From screening 1476 papers, 24 pilot and full-scale CW studies were selected to extract data containing 15 features and 975 data points. Nine models were fit to this data, revealing that linear models were less effective in capturing CW effluent compared to nonlinear ML algorithms. For training data, the Monod kinetic model predicted the poorest performance with an RMSE of 41.84 mg/L and R2 of 0.34, followed by simple LR (RMSE 24.29 mg/L and R2 0.77) and multiple LR (RMSE 22.63 mg/L and R2 0.80). In contrast, Cubist and Random Forest achieved high performances, with an average RMSE of 12.01 ± 5.38 and an average R2 of 0.93 ± 0.07 for Cubist, and an average RMSE of 15.94 ± 10.69 and an average R2 of 0.91 ± 0.08 for RF. The trained Random Forest performed the best for new data, with an R2 of 0.93 and RMSE of 13.48 mg/L. This ML-based model is a valuable tool for efficiently estimating effluent ammonium concentration in pilot and full-scale CWs, thereby facilitating the design of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - T Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering Technology, Hue University, Quang Tri Branch, Viet Nam
| | - V Son Lam
- HUTECH Institute of Applied Sciences (HIAS), HUTECH University, 475A Dien Bien Phu Street, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - T Dieu Hien Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thu-Huong Thi Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - W Jin Chung
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea.
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Bekkari NE, Amiri K, Hadjoudj M. Performance of pilot scale constructed wetland as ecological practice for domestic wastewater treatment in an arid climate - Algeria. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:787-799. [PMID: 36038977 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for pollutant removal in a pilot-scale horizontal flow polyculture constructed wetland functioning in an arid region during different seasons. The analyzed system is located in the southeast of Algeria, where the climate is arid. During the research, 32 samples of sewage were collected from both the inflow and the outflow of the constructed wetland (CW). The effluent Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH4-N) and Ortho-Phosphate-Phosphorus (PO4-P) from all of the treatments were significantly lower than the influent and had a removal efficiency of 71.83, 73.75, 82.77, 80.29 and 59.49% respectively. The results showed that pollution removal efficiency in the tested CW system was affected by the season (air temperature and sunlight hours). It was observed that the removal rate of pollutant indicators was higher in summer and autumn compared to winter and spring. Finally, these findings confirmed that CW with polyculture would be an excellent candidate for treating domestic wastewater in rural settlements under arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naceur Eddine Bekkari
- Division of Water, Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biophysical Station, 30240 Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Khaled Amiri
- Division of Water, Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biophysical Station, 30240 Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria E-mail:
| | - Moussa Hadjoudj
- Division of Biological resources, Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biophysical Station, 30240 Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria
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Nguyen XC, Nguyen TTH, Le QV, Le PC, Srivastav AL, Pham QB, Nguyen PM, La DD, Rene ER, Ngo HH, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Developing a new approach for design support of subsurface constructed wetland using machine learning algorithms. J Environ Manage 2022; 301:113868. [PMID: 34628282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the effluent quality of treatment systems in advance to enable the design of treatment systems that comply with environmental standards is a realistic strategy. This study aims to develop machine learning - based predictive models for designing the subsurface constructed wetlands (SCW). Data from the SCW literature during the period of 2009-2020 included 618 sets and 10 features. Five algorithms namely, Random forest, Classification and Regression trees, Support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors, and Cubist were compared to determine an optimal algorithm. All nine input features including the influent concentrations, C:N ratio, hydraulic loading rate, height, aeration, flow type, feeding, and filter type were confirmed as relevant features for the predictive algorithms. The comparative result revealed that Cubist is the best algorithm with the lowest RMSE (7.77 and 21.77 mg.L-1 for NH4-N and COD, respectively) corresponding to 84% of the variance in the effluents explained. The coefficient of determination of the Cubist algorithm obtained for NH4-N and COD prediction from the test data were 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. Five case studies of the application of SCW design were also exercised and verified by the prediction model. Finally, a fully developed Cubist algorithm-based design tool for SCW was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Energy and Environmental Science, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thanh Huyen Nguyen
- Laboratory of Energy and Environmental Science, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet V Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuoc Cuong Le
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Quoc Bao Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - H Hao Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Republic of Korea.
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Sharma R, Vymazal J, Malaviya P. Application of floating treatment wetlands for stormwater runoff: A critical review of the recent developments with emphasis on heavy metals and nutrient removal. Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:146044. [PMID: 33689897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are increasingly gaining popularity due to a set of valuable features like wastewater remediation under varied conditions, ecosystem quality preservation, landscape conservation, and aesthetic benefits. FTW is a phyto-technology in which macrophytes grow on a floating raft with their roots in permanent contact with water and remove pollutants via several physicochemical-biological processes. FTW is highly capable of overcoming technical and operational challenges that come way in stormwater treatment due to the erratic nature of hydrologic and input pollutant loads because this innovative buoyant hydroponic design can move up and down with fluctuating water levels in the stormwater pond and can treat highly variable flows. Plants and biofilms attached to the roots hanging beneath the floating mat play a pivotal role in FTWs. The present review encompasses the concept of FTWs, their structural designs, relevance in stormwater management, and mechanism of plant uptake for pollutant removal. The role of FTWs to remove heavy metals and nutrients is also critically analyzed. Understanding hydraulics and other parameters of FTW is vital to effective design. Hence, the role of vegetation coverage, vegetation type, sorption media, aeration frequency, and intensity, and plant density to enhance system efficiency is also highlighted. Due to their operational flexibility and environmentally friendly working with no additional burden on existing urban land use, FTWs entice broad international interest and offer a coherent solution for stormwater management. MAIN FINDINGS: The review delivers state-of-the-art analysis of the current understanding of hydraulics and other parameters of FTWs, and associated mechanisms to enhance the treatment efficiency of FTWs for nutrients and heavy metals removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, J&K, India.
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Fernández del Castillo A, Verduzco Garibay M, Senés-guerrero C, Yebra-montes C, de Anda J, Gradilla-hernández MS. Mathematical Modeling of a Domestic Wastewater Treatment System Combining a Septic Tank, an Up Flow Anaerobic Filter, and a Constructed Wetland. Water 2020; 12:3019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Systems combining anaerobic bioreactors with constructed wetlands (CW) have proven to be adequate and efficient for wastewater treatment. Detailed knowledge of removal dynamics of contaminants can ensure positive results for engineering and design. Mathematical modeling is a useful approach to studying the dynamics of contaminant removal in wastewater. In this study, water quality monitoring was performed in a system composed of a septic tank (ST), an up flow anaerobic filter (UAF), and a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW). Biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH3, organic nitrogen (ON), total suspended solids (TSS), NO2−, and NO3− were measured biweekly during a 3-month period. First-order kinetics, multiple linear regression, and mass balance models were applied for data adjustment. First-order models were useful to predict the outlet concentration of pollutants (R2 > 0.87). Relevant multiple linear regression models were found, which could be applied to facilitate the system’s monitoring and provide valuable information to control and improve biological and physical processes necessary for wastewater treatment. Finally, the values of important parameters (μmax, Ks, and Yx/s) in mass-balance models were determined with the aid of a differential neural network (DNN) and an optimization algorithm. The estimated parameters indicated the high robustness of the treatment system since performance stability was found despite variations in wastewater composition.
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Samal K, Kar S, Trivedi S. Ecological floating bed (EFB) for decontamination of polluted water bodies: Design, mechanism and performance. J Environ Manage 2019; 251:109550. [PMID: 31539700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide water quality is degrading and most of the water bodies are now being contaminated by heavy load of pollutants from various industries. Aquatic ecosystems are also disrupted affecting various flora and fauna adversely. Water bodies dominated with aquatic plants have high yielding capacity. These plants are capable of high nutrient accumulation and creating favorable condition in rhizosphere for microbial organic degradation, which can be applied in the restoration process of polluted lakes, natural streams and wetlands, etc. Ecological Floating Bed (EFB) is designed by using aquatic plants, floating like mat on the surface of water. The plant roots hang beneath the floating mat and provide a large surface area for biofilm growth. This paper reviewed the EFB concept, structure, mechanisms and functions. Screening of suitable macrophyte species, involvement of biofilm in organic removal process and necessity of growth media have been discussed briefly. Apart from this, effect of depth, buoyancy, vegetation coverage ratio are also represented. Detail mechanisms of oxygen transfer from top to bottom of water biomass have been well analyzed. Various pollutants present in wastewater like organics, solids, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals etc. and their removal mechanism have also mentioned. Again biomass needs to be harvested in regular interval, else the absorbed nutrients may re-enter to the water body. Overall, EFB is an efficient and effective wastewater treatment technology and further research is necessary for its better utilization. Finally, based on reviews, recommendations have been made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Samal
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Soham Kar
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Shivanshi Trivedi
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
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Chai H, Chen Z, Shao Z, Deng S, Li L, Xiang Y, Li L, Hu X, He Q. Long-term pollutant removal performance and mitigation of rainwater quality deterioration with ceramsite and Cyperus alternifolius in mountainous cities of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32993-33003. [PMID: 31512121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater harvesting brings various desired environmental and social benefits in urban development. Tanks in rainwater harvesting systems need low-maintenance and low-cost approaches to manage water quality, especially for scattered small rainwater tanks associated with complex terrains in mountainous cities. Four rain barrels were set up to store roof runoff at the campus of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. Barrel 1 (B1) and barrel 2 (B2) stored the first-flush water and the roof runoff with first-flush water diverted, respectively, while barrel 3 (B3) was loaded with a biological ceramsite and barrel 4 (B4) used biological ceramsite as a substrate media and planted with Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius) to treat the first-flush water. The performances of the rain barrels were evaluated as well as the variations in water quality parameters were examined. The removal efficiency of B3 was 48.2%, 76.0%, 44.3%, and 24.6% for COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP, respectively, while B4 had removal efficiencies of 93.4%, 71.0%, 75.0%, and 76.5% for COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP, respectively. B4 had BOD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP concentrations within the class III Chinese Standard requirement after a storage period of about 240 days. Furthermore, the turbidity in B4 kept dropping. Thus, B4 is a more promising alternative for water quality management in mountainous cities of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Siping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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Nguyen XC, Chang SW, Nguyen TL, Ngo HH, Kumar G, Banu JR, Vu MC, Le HS, Nguyen DD. A hybrid constructed wetland for organic-material and nutrient removal from sewage: Process performance and multi-kinetic models. J Environ Manage 2018; 222:378-384. [PMID: 29870966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland with vertical flow and horizontal flow in series was constructed and used to investigate organic material and nutrient removal rate constants for wastewater treatment and establish a practical predictive model for use. For this purpose, the performance of multiple parameters was statistically evaluated during the process and predictive models were suggested. The measurement of the kinetic rate constant was based on the use of the first-order derivation and Monod kinetic derivation (Monod) paired with a plug flow reactor (PFR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Both the Lindeman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) analysis and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method were employed for identifying the relative importance of variables and their optimal multiple regression (MR). The results showed that the first-order-PFR (M2) model did not fit the data (P > 0.05, and R2 < 0.5), whereas the first-order-CSTR (M1) model for the chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and Monod-CSTR (M3) model for the CODCr and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) showed a high correlation with the experimental data (R2 > 0.5). The pollutant removal rates in the case of M1 were 0.19 m/d (CODCr) and those for M3 were 25.2 g/m2∙d for CODCr and 2.63 g/m2∙d for NH4-N. By applying a multi-variable linear regression method, the optimal empirical models were established for predicting the final effluent concentration of five days' biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and NH4-N. In general, the hydraulic loading rate was considered an important variable having a high value of relative importance, which appeared in all the optimal predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental Engineering Technology, Hue University, Quang Tri Campus, Viet Nam
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 94 San, Iui-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon-si 442-760, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Loan Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - H Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia
| | | | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus of Anna University, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Cuong Vu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - H Sinh Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development & Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao X, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Kumar L. Achieving an extraordinary high organic and hydraulic loadings with good performance via an alternative operation strategy in a multi-stage constructed wetland system. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11841-11853. [PMID: 29446020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high organic loading rate of 58-146 g BOD5/m2 day with a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 1.63 m3/m2 day and retention time (RT) of 16 h was achieved to maximize the treatment capacity of a four-stage alum sludge-based constructed wetland (CW) system. An alternative operation strategy, i.e., the first stage anaerobic up-flow and the remaining stage tidal flow with effluent recirculation, was investigated to achieve the goal with good treatment performance of 82% COD, 91% BOD5, 92% SS, 94% NH4-N, and 82% TN removal. Two kinetic models, i.e., first-order model and Monod plus continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) flow model, were employed for predicting the removal dynamics. The results showed that the tidal flow strategy enhances oxygen transport and diffusion, thus improving reduction of organics and NH4-N. Effluent recirculation could further increase elimination of organics by extending the interaction time and also benefit the denitrification process. In addition, denitrification could be further enhanced by anaerobic up-flow in the first stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment/R&D Centre for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lordwin Kumar
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Newstead, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Soil Water Land Engineering and Management, Vaugh School of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Aydın Temel F, Avcı E, Ardalı Y. Full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater by Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:264-273. [PMID: 29053385 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1374336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was designed, constructed and operated to treat domestic wastewater of Kızılcaören village in Samsun city of Turkey. The total surface area of HSFCW was divided into equal parts. The effects of Juncus acutus L. and Cortaderia selloana (Schult.Schult.f.)Asch.&Graebn. on pollutants removal in HSFCWs were evaluated with the meteorological factors. The average removal efficiencies of J. acutus and C. selloana were determined as 60.3-57.7% for BOD; 24.2-38.9% for TN; 31.4-49.8% for OM; 35.4-43.3% for TP; 18.9-27.1% for orthophosphate; 24.4-28.7% for NH4-N; 29.5-37.2% for TSS; and 35.3-44.3% for TSM. Two-way ANOVA was applied to determine any difference for the removal of all parameters between the plant types and months on the mean values of contaminant removal. A correlation matrix of all parameters was determined. Subsurface flow constructed wetland was found quite efficient for the treatment of domestic wastewater in rural settlements. HSFCW is also more economical to install and maintain than a conventional wastewater treatment system while enhancing ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Aydın Temel
- a Giresun University, Engineering Faculty , Department of Environmental Engineering , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Esin Avcı
- b Giresun University, Science and Art Faculty , Department of Statistics , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Yüksel Ardalı
- c Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty , Department of Environmental Engineering , Samsun , Turkey
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He S, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhou J. The nitrogen removal performance and microbial communities in a two-stage deep sequencing constructed wetland for advanced treatment of secondary effluent. Bioresour Technol 2018; 248:82-88. [PMID: 28711297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The advanced treatment of secondary effluent was conducted in a two-stage deep sequencing constructed wetland (DSCW) which comprised a denitrification chamber (W1) and a nitrification chamber (W2). The results showed that a superior NO3--N removal rate was observed in W1 with a C/N ratio of 6.5, and a high NH4+-N removal rate was obtained when the W2 was operated with 6-h duration of idle. In the long-term operation for 45days, the two-stage DSCW pilot system achieved high and stable removal of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N, which were 92.9%, 83.7% and 95.6% in average, respectively. The microbial communities between W1 and W2 were significant different. Rich diversity of the microbial community and the high proportion of denitrifying bacteria in the W1 were essential for nitrogen removal in this treatment system. AOB in the W2 played a major role in NH4+-N removal in W2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Chuansong Li
- China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir's Eco-Environments, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Kang W, Chai H, Xiang Y, Chen W, Shao Z, He Q. Assessment of low concentration wastewater treatment operations with dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17497. [PMID: 29235527 PMCID: PMC5727494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition of volatile fatty acids between anoxic denitrification and anaerobic phosphorus release is prominent. Therefore, low concentration wastewater has restricted effects on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The purpose of this study is to treat dormitory sewage with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ranging from 50 to 150 mg/L using dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system. Vegetation in the wetland system was chosen to be Phragmites australis. Three parallel cases were carried out to assess impacts due to different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and artificial aeration. The results showed that this system is effective in removing total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) under different HRT. However, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission poses to be the greatest challenge in the high HRT cases. Artificial aeration could reduce N2O emission but is associated with high operational cost. Results indicate that dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system is a promising bio-measure in the treatment of low concentration wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China. .,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
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Ge Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, Dzakpasu M, Zhao Y, Xiong J. Functions of slags and gravels as substrates in large-scale demonstration constructed wetland systems for polluted river water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:12982-12991. [PMID: 25916476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The choice of substrates with high adsorption capacity, yet readily available and economical is vital for sustainable pollutants removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). Two identical large-scale demonstration horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs (surface area, 340 m(2); depth, 0.6 m; HLR, 0.2 m/day) with gravel or slag substrates were evaluated for their potential use in remediating polluted urban river water in the prevailing climate of northwest China. Batch experiments to elucidate phosphorus adsorption mechanisms indicated a higher adsorption capacity of slag (3.15 g/kg) than gravel (0.81 g/kg), whereby circa 20 % more total phosphorus (TP) removal was recorded in HSSF-slag than HSSF-gravel. TP removal occurred predominantly via CaO-slag dissolution followed by Ca phosphate precipitation. Moreover, average removals of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand were approximately 10 % higher in HSSF-slag than HSSF-gravel. Nevertheless, TP adsorption by slag seemed to get quickly saturated over the monitoring period, and the removal efficiency of the HSSF-slag approached that of the HSSF-gravel after 1-year continuous operation. In contrast, the two CWs achieved similar nitrogen removal during the 2-year monitoring period. Findings also indicated that gravel provided better support for the development of other wetland components such as biomass, whereby the biomass production and the amount of total nitrogen (TN; 43.1-59.0 g/m(2)) and TP (4.15-5.75 g/m(2)) assimilated by local Phragmites australis in HSSF-gravel were higher than that in HSSF-slag (41.2-52.0 g/m(2) and 3.96-4.07 g/m(2), respectively). Overall, comparable pollutant removal rates could be achieved in large-scale HSSF CWs with either gravel or slag as substrate and provide a possible solution for polluted urban river remediation in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Langergraber G, Giraldi D, Mena J, Meyer D, Peña M, Toscano A, Brovelli A, Korkusuz EA. Recent developments in numerical modelling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:3931-3943. [PMID: 18778848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerical modelling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) gained increasing interest during the last years. The main objective of the modelling work is, on the one hand, to increase the insight in dynamics and functioning of the complex CW system by using mechanistic or process based models that describe transformation and degradation processes in detail. As these mechanistic models are complex and therefore rather difficult to use there is, on the other hand, a need for simplified models for CW design. The design models should be premium to the currently used design guidelines that are mainly based on rules of thumb or simple first-order decay models. This paper presents an overview of the current developments on modelling of subsurface flow CWs based on the modelling work and model developments presented at the WETPOL 2007 symposium. Three kinds of models have been presented: simple transport and first-order decay models, complex mechanistic models, and a simplified model that has been developed for design of CWs. The models are presented and selected results are shown and discussed in relation to the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Langergraber
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria.
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