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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Fernando PDSM, Herath HMUL, Yi JM, Choi YH, Hyun YM, Zhang K, Park CO, Hyun JW. Particulate matter stimulates the NADPH oxidase system via AhR-mediated epigenetic modifications. Environ Pollut 2024; 347:123675. [PMID: 38447650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Stimulation of human keratinocytes with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) elicits complex signaling events, including a rise in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced ROS production remain unknown. Here, we show that PM2.5-induced ROS production in human keratinocytes is mediated via the NADPH oxidase (NOXs) system and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. PM2.5 treatment increased the expression of NOX1, NOX4, and a calcium-sensitive NOX, dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line. PM2.5 bound to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and this complex bound to promoter regions of NOX1 and DUOX1, suggesting that AhR acted as a transcription factor of NOX1 and DUOX1. PM2.5 increased the transcription of DUOX1 via epigenetic modification. Moreover, a link between DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase with the promoter regions of DUOX1 led to an elevation in the expression of DUOX1 mRNA. Interestingly, PM2.5 increased NOX4 expression and promoted the interaction of NOX4 and Ca2+ channels within the cytoplasmic membrane or endoplasmic reticulum, leading to Ca2+ release. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration activated DUOX1, responsible for ROS production. Our findings provide evidence for a PM2.5-mediated ROS-generating system network, in which increased NOX1, NOX4, and DUOX1 expression serves as a ROS signal through AhR and Ca2+ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | | | | | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, South Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kelun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
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2
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Manzoor HB, Asare-Werehene M, Pereira SD, Satyamoorthy K, Tsang BK. The regulation of plasma gelsolin by DNA methylation in ovarian cancer chemo-resistance. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38216951 PMCID: PMC10785480 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer and chemoresistance remains a major hurdle to successful therapy and survival of OVCA patients. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is highly expressed in chemoresistant OVCA compared with their chemosensitive counterparts, although the mechanism underlying the differential expression is not known. Also, its overexpression significantly correlates with shortened survival of OVCA patients. In this study, we investigated the methylation role of Ten eleven translocation isoform-1 (TET1) in the regulation of differential pGSN expression and chemosensitivity in OVCA cells. METHODS Chemosensitive and resistant OVCA cell lines of different histological subtypes were used in this study to measure pGSN and TET1 mRNA abundance (qPCR) as well as protein contents (Western blotting). To investigate the role of DNA methylation specifically in pGSN regulation and pGSN-induced chemoresistance, DNMTs and TETs were pharmacologically inhibited in sensitive and resistant OVCA cells using specific inhibitors. DNA methylation was quantified using EpiTYPER MassARRAY system. Gain-and-loss-of-function assays were used to investigate the relationship between TET1 and pGSN in OVCA chemoresponsiveness. RESULTS We observed differential protein and mRNA expressions of pGSN and TET1 between sensitive and resistant OVCA cells and cisplatin reduced their expression in sensitive but not in resistant cells. We observed hypomethylation at pGSN promoter upstream region in resistant cells compared to sensitive cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DNMTs increased pGSN protein levels in sensitive OVCA cells and decreased their responsiveness to cisplatin, however we did not observe any difference in methylation level at pGSN promoter region. TETs inhibition resulted in hypermethylation at multiple CpG sites and decreased pGSN protein level in resistant OVCA cells which was also associated with enhanced response to cisplatin, findings that suggested the methylation role of TETs in the regulation of pGSN expression in OVCA cells. Further, we found that TET1 is inversely related to pGSN but positively related to chemoresponsiveness of OVCA cells. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden our knowledge about the epigenetic regulation of pGSN in OVCA chemoresistance and reveal a novel potential target to re-sensitize resistant OVCA cells. This may provide a future therapeutic strategy to improve the overall OVCA patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Bushra Manzoor
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, & The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Satyajit Dey Pereira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Manjushree Block, Manjushree Nagar Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580 009, India
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, & The Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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3
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Ding W, Wang JX, Wu JZ, Liu AC, Jiang LL, Zhang HC, Meng Y, Liu BY, Peng GJ, Lou EZ, Mao Q, Zhou H, Tang DL, Chen X, Liu JB, Shi XP. Targeting proteasomal deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5 with b-AP15 reduces 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2537-2548. [PMID: 37528233 PMCID: PMC10692219 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but the development of acquired resistance to 5-FU remains a big challenge. Deubiquitinases play a key role in the protein degradation pathway, which is involved in cancer development and chemotherapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of targeted inhibition of the proteasomal deubiquitinases USP14 and UCHL5 on the development of CRC and resistance to 5-FU. By analyzing GEO datasets, we found that the mRNA expression levels of USP14 and UCHL5 in CRC tissues were significantly increased, and negatively correlated with the survival of CRC patients. Knockdown of both USP14 and UCHL5 led to increased 5-FU sensitivity in 5-FU-resistant CRC cell lines (RKO-R and HCT-15R), whereas overexpression of USP14 and UCHL5 in 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells decreased 5-FU sensitivity. B-AP15, a specific inhibitor of USP14 and UCHL5, (1-5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited the viability of RKO, RKO-R, HCT-15, and HCT-15R cells. Furthermore, treatment with b-AP15 reduced the malignant phenotype of CRC cells including cell proliferation and migration, and induced cell death in both 5-FU-sensitive and 5-FU-resistant CRC cells by impairing proteasome function and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, b-AP15 inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway, suppressing cell proliferation. In 5-FU-sensitive and 5-FU-resistant CRC xenografts nude mice, administration of b-AP15 (8 mg·kg-1·d-1, intraperitoneal injection) effectively suppressed the growth of both types of tumors. These results demonstrate that USP14 and UCHL5 play an important role in the development of CRC and resistance to 5-FU. Targeting USP14 and UCHL5 with b-AP15 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Ding
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Precision Medicine Center, Department of Biobank, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Ao-Chu Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Li-Ling Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Hai-Chuan Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Yi Meng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Guan-Jie Peng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - En-Zhe Lou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Qiong Mao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Dao-Lin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
| | - Jin-Bao Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
| | - Xian-Ping Shi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
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Oh SJ, Lim JY, Son MK, Ahn JH, Song KH, Lee HJ, Kim S, Cho EH, Chung JY, Cho H, Kim H, Kim JH, Park J, Choi J, Hwang SW, Kim TW. TRPV1 inhibition overcomes cisplatin resistance by blocking autophagy-mediated hyperactivation of EGFR signaling pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2691. [PMID: 37165076 PMCID: PMC10172196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance along with chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is an important cause of treatment failure for many cancer types and represents an unmet clinical need. Therefore, future studies should provide evidence regarding the mechanisms of potential targets that can overcome the resistance as well as alleviate pain. Here, we show that the emergence of cisplatin resistance is highly associated with EGFR hyperactivation, and that EGFR hyperactivation is arisen by a transcriptional increase in the pain-generating channel, TRPV1, via NANOG. Furthermore, TRPV1 promotes autophagy-mediated EGF secretion via Ca2+ influx, which activates the EGFR-AKT signaling and, consequentially, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Importantly, TRPV1 inhibition renders tumors susceptible to cisplatin. Thus, our findings indicate a link among cisplatin resistance, EGFR hyperactivation, and TRPV1-mediated autophagic secretion, and implicate that TRPV1 could be a crucial drug target that could not only overcome cisplatin resistance but also alleviate pain in NANOG+ cisplatin-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Son
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Ahn
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Cell biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Cho
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- NEX-I Inc., Seoul, 05854, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Li X, Ma Y, Wu J, Ni M, Chen A, Zhou Y, Dai W, Chen Z, Jiang R, Ling Y, Yao Q, Chen W. Thiol oxidative stress-dependent degradation of transglutaminase2 via protein S-glutathionylation sensitizes 5-fluorouracil therapy in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer cells. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100930. [PMID: 36736043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is a first-line drug for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, the development of 5-Fu resistance limits its chemotherapeutic effectiveness and often leads to poor prognoses of CRC. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a member of the transglutaminase family, is considered to be associated with chemoresistance through apoptotic prevention in various cancers including CRC. TGM2 was found to be overexpressed in two 5-Fu-resistant CRC cell lines and down-regulated by increased thiol oxidative stress induced by inhibition of glutathione reductase (GR). The present study aimed to explore the role of TGM2 in 5-Fu-resistant CRC and the mechanism of action by which the elevated thiol oxidative stress down-regulates TGM2 protein level. The results revealed that 5-Fu-resistance induced by overexpression of TGM2 in CRC cells was reversed through up-regulation of thiol oxidative stress. Knockdown of TGM2 increased the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-Fu. Thiol oxidative stress potentially enhanced the therapeutic effect of 5-Fu in the resistant CRC cells by promotion of 5-Fu-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of TGM2. The elevated thiol oxidative stress increased the S-glutathionylation of TGM2 and led to proteasomal degradation of TGM2. Furthermore, Cys193 was identified as the S-glutathionylation site in TGM2, and its mutation resulted in thiol oxidative stress-mediated CRC cell apoptotic resistance. TGM2-induced EMT was also suppressed by the elevated thiol oxidative stress. A xenograft tumor model confirmed the effect of thiol oxidative stress in the reversal of 5-Fu resistance in CRC cells in vivo. TGM2 protein expression level was found to be significantly higher in human CRC specimens than in non-cancerous colorectal tissues. Taken together, the present data suggest an important role of TGM2 in 5-Fu resistance in CRC cells. Up-regulation of thiol oxidative stress could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating 5-Fu-resistant CRC and TGM2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target of thiol oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Junzhou Wu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Maowei Ni
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wumin Dai
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yutian Ling
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cancer, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Tan Y, Huang C, Wei X. Redox signaling in drug-tolerant persister cells as an emerging therapeutic target. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104483. [PMID: 36827719 PMCID: PMC9982619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells have attracted significant interest, given their predominant role in treatment failure. In this respect, DTP cells reportedly survive after anticancer drug exposure, and their DNA repair mechanisms are altered to enhance adaptive mutation, accounting for the emergence of drug-resistant mutations. DTP cells resume proliferation upon treatment withdrawal and are responsible for cancer relapse. Current evidence suggests that DTP cells mediate redox signaling-mediated cellular homeostasis by developing various adaptive mechanisms, especially metabolic reprogramming that promotes mitochondrial oxidative respiration and a robust antioxidant process. There is an increasing consensus that disrupting redox homeostasis by intervening with redox signaling is theoretically a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting these sinister cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of DTP cells and the underlying mechanisms involved in redox signaling, aiming to provide a unique perspective on potential therapeutic applications based on their vulnerabilities to redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunhan Tan
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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7
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Gerashchenko TS, Schegoleva AA, Khozyainova AA, Choinzonov EL, Denisov EV. Metastasis prevention: How to catch metastatic seeds. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188867. [PMID: 36842768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the evolution of anticancer therapies, metastasis still remains the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, current strategies for cancer cure should be redirected towards prevention of metastasis. Targeting metastatic pathways represents a promising therapeutic opportunity aimed at obstructing tumor cell dissemination and metastatic colonization. In this review, we focus on preclinical studies and clinical trials over the last five years that showed high efficacy in suppressing metastasis through targeting lymph node dissemination, tumor cell extravasation, reactive oxygen species, pre-metastatic niche, exosome machinery, and dormancy.
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8
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Wang N, Ma T, Yu B. Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:69. [PMID: 36797239 PMCID: PMC9935618 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis. Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes. As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied. Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance. In addition, as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications, histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications. Herein, we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family, the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family, and the histone arginine demethylase family, and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance. In addition, therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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9
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Lyons N, Giri R, Begun J, Clark DA, Proud D, He Y, Hooper J, Kryza T. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of disease progression and therapeutic response in colorectal cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 36792932 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical to normal cellular function with redox homeostasis achieved by balancing ROS production with removal through detoxification mechanisms. Many of the conventional chemotherapies used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) derive a proportion of their cytotoxicity from ROS generation and resistance to chemotherapy is associated with elevated detoxification mechanisms. Furthermore, cancer stem cells demonstrate elevated detoxification mechanisms making definitive treatment with existing chemotherapy challenging. In this article we review the roles of ROS in normal and malignant colonic cell biology and how existing and emerging therapies might harness ROS for therapeutic benefit. Recent advances Recent publications have elucidated the contribution of ROS to the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy alongside the emerging approaches of photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and radiodynamic therapy (RDT) in which ROS are generated in response to excitatory light, sound or X-ray stimuli to promote cancer cell apoptosis. Critical issues The majority of patients with metastatic CRC have a very poor prognosis with 5-year survival of approximately 13% making the need for new or more effective treatments an imperative. Future Directions Modulation of ROS through a combination of new and emerging therapies may improve the efficacy of current chemotherapy providing novel approaches to treat otherwise resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lyons
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Rabina Giri
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Jakob Begun
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia;
| | - David A Clark
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, 3883, Surgery, Herston, Queensland, Australia;
| | - David Proud
- Austin Hospital, 96043, Surgery, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Yaowu He
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia;
| | - John Hooper
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia, 4102;
| | - Thomas Kryza
- The University of Queensland, 1974, Mater Research, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia;
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10
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Lee H, Ryu HS, Park HC, Yu JI, Yoo GS, Choi C, Nam H, Lee JJB, Do I, Han D, Ha SY. Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) as a Proteomic Biomarker for Predicting Treatment Response to Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Using High-Throughput Proteomic Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12923. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy samples obtained before treatment from 13 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) followed by surgery. Patients were divided into complete responder (CR) and non-complete responder (nCR) groups. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 79 independent FFPE tissue samples was performed to validate the predictive ability of proteomic biomarker candidates. A total of 3637 proteins were identified, and the expression of 498 proteins was confirmed at significantly different levels (differentially expressed proteins—DEPs) between two groups. In Gene Ontology enrichment analyses, DEPs enriched in biological processes in the CR group included proteins linked to cytoskeletal organization, immune response processes, and vesicle-associated protein transport processes, whereas DEPs in the nCR group were associated with biosynthesis, transcription, and translation processes. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) was selected as the most predictive biomarker in machine learning algorithm analysis. Further IHC validation ultimately confirmed DUOX2 as a potential biomarker for predicting the response of nCR to CCRT. In conclusion, this study suggests that the treatment response to RT may be affected by the pre-treatment tumor microenvironment. DUOX2 is a potential biomarker for the early prediction of nCR after CCRT.
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11
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Qin S, Li B, Ming H, Nice EC, Zou B, Huang C. Harnessing redox signaling to overcome therapeutic-resistant cancer dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188749. [PMID: 35716972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells preserve viability but stop proliferating, which is considered an important cause of tumor relapse, which may occur many years after clinical remission. Since the life cycle of dormant cancer cells is affected by both intracellular and extracellular factors, gene mutation or epigenetic regulation of tumor cells may not fully explain the mechanisms involved. Recent studies have indicated that redox signaling regulates the formation, maintenance, and reactivation of dormant cancer cells by modulating intracellular signaling pathways and the extracellular environment, which provides a molecular explanation for the life cycle of dormant tumor cells. Indeed, redox signaling regulates the onset of dormancy by balancing the intrinsic pathways, the extrinsic environment, and the response to therapy. In addition, redox signaling sustains dormancy by managing stress homeostasis, maintaining stemness and immunogenic equilibrium. However, studies on dormancy reactivation are still limited, partly explained by redox-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and the transition from the tumor microenvironment to inflammation. Encouragingly, several drug combination strategies based on redox biology are currently under clinical evaluation. Continuing to gain an in-depth understanding of redox regulation and develop specific methods targeting redox modification holds the promise to accelerate the development of strategies to treat dormant tumors and benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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12
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Chen B, Song Y, Zhan Y, Zhou S, Ke J, Ao W, Zhang Y, Liang Q, He M, Li S, Xie F, Huang H, Chan WN, Cheung AHK, Ma BBY, Kang W, To KF, Xiao J. Fangchinoline inhibits non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppressing the cytosolic ROS-related Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215783. [PMID: 35700820 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few drugs alleviate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis effectively. Small molecular screening demonstrated that fangchinoline (Fan) reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC cells, inhibiting cell invasion and migration. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Fan-treated NSCLC cells revealed that Fan potently quenched the NADP+ metabolic process. Molecular docking analysis revealed that Fan directly and specifically targeted NOX4. NOX4 was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Hong Kong cohorts. In mitochondrial DNA-depleted ρ0 NSCLC cells, Fan decreased cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway by directly promoting NOX4 degradation. In TCGA and Hong Kong cohorts, NOX4 upregulation acted as a driver event as it positively correlated with metastasis and oxidative stress. Single-cell RNA-seq indicated that NOX4 was overexpressed, especially in cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and endothelial cells. In mice, Fan significantly impeded subcutaneous xenograft formation and reduced metastatic nodule numbers in mouse lung and liver. Drug sensitivity testing demonstrated that Fan suppressed patient-derived organoid growth dose-dependently. Fan is a potent small molecule for alleviating NSCLC metastasis by directly targeting NOX4 and is a potential novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yujuan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shikun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, PR China
| | - Junzi Ke
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; iHuman Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Weizhen Ao
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; iHuman Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Minhui He
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Haonan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Alvin H K Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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13
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Allen JM, Mackos AR, Jaggers RM, Brewster PC, Webb M, Lin CH, Ladaika C, Davies R, White P, Loman BR, Bailey MT. Psychological stress disrupts intestinal epithelial cell function and mucosal integrity through microbe and host-directed processes. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2035661. [PMID: 35184677 PMCID: PMC8865257 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2035661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress alters the gut microbiota and predisposes individuals to increased risk for enteric infections and chronic bowel conditions. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are responsible for maintaining homeostatic interactions between the gut microbiota and its host. In this study, we hypothesized that disruption to colonic IECs is a key factor underlying stress-induced disturbances to intestinal homeostasis. Conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ-free (GF) mice were exposed to a social disruption stressor (Str) to ascertain how stress modifies colonic IECs, the mucosal layer, and the gut microbiota. RNA sequencing of IECs isolated from CONV-R mice revealed a robust pro-inflammatory (Saa1, Il18), pro-oxidative (Duox2, Nos2), and antimicrobial (Reg3b/g) transcriptional profile as a result of Str. This response occurred concomitant to mucus layer thinning and signs of microbial translocation. In contrast to their CONV-R counterparts, IECs from GF mice or mice treated with broad spectrum antibiotics exhibited no detectable transcriptional changes in response to Str. Nevertheless, IECs from Str-exposed GF mice exhibited an altered response to ex vivo bacterial challenge (increased dual Oxidase-2 [Duox2] and nitric oxide synthase-2 (Nos2)), indicating that STR primes host IEC pro-oxidative responses. In CONV-R mice stress-induced increases in colonic Duox2 and Nos2 (ROS generating enzymes) strongly paralleled changes to microbiome composition and function, evidencing Str-mediated ROS production as a primary factor mediating gut-microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, a mouse model of social stress disrupts colonic epithelial and mucosal integrity, a response dependent on an intact microbiota and host stress signals. Together these preclinical findings may provide new insight into mechanisms of stress-associated bowel pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,CONTACT Jacob M. Allen Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana61820, Illinois
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Patricia C. Brewster
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Mikaela Webb
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Chris Ladaika
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ronald Davies
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter White
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brett R. Loman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio,Oral and Gi Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Michael T. Bailey Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Shi Y, Wang S, Yang R, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu H, Huang Y. ROS Promote Hypoxia-Induced Keratinocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inducing SOX2 Expression and Subsequent Activation of Wnt/ β-Catenin. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:1084006. [PMID: 35035654 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1084006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that wound-induced hypoxia is related to keratinocyte migration. The ability of keratinocytes within wound healing to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes significantly to the acquisition of migratory properties. However, the effect of hypoxia on keratinocyte EMT on wound healing and the potential mechanism are poorly documented. This study first demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be an essential signalling mediator in keratinocytes with increased EMT and migration subjected to hypoxic conditions. Next, we showed that the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), a stemness-associated molecule, is ROS-dependent under hypoxia and that SOX2 inhibition in keratinocytes dramatically prevented hypoxia-induced EMT and migration. In addition, β-catenin was found to be a potential molecular target of SOX2, and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin was required for hypoxia-induced EMT and migration. Using an in vitro skin culture model and an in vivo skin wound model, our study further reinforced the critical role of ROS in inducing EMT through SOX2 expression and subsequent activation of Wnt/β-catenin, allowing for rapid reepithelialization of the wound area. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which hypoxia promotes wound healing by promoting reepithelialization through the production of ROS, inducing keratinocyte EMT and migration via the enhancement of SOX2 and activation of Wnt/β-catenin.
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15
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Lu L, Liu YJ, Cheng PQ, Hu D, Xu HC, Ji G. Macrophages play a role in inflammatory transformation of colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:2013-2028. [PMID: 35070038 PMCID: PMC8713318 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide, and it is also a typical inflammatory cancer. The function of macrophages is very important in the tissue immune microenvironment during inflammatory and carcinogenic transformation. Here, we evaluated the function and mechanism of macrophages in intestinal physiology and in different pathological stages. Furthermore, the role of macrophages in the immune microenvironment of CRC and the influence of the intestinal population and hypoxic environment on macrophage function are summarized. In addition, in the era of tumor immunotherapy, CRC currently has a limited response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and we summarize potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei-Qiu Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Han-Chen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Zhou R, Feng Y, Ye J, Han Z, Liang Y, Chen Q, Xu X, Huang Y, Jia Z, Zhong W. Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence-Free Survival of Prostate Cancer Patients Leveraging Multiple Gene Expression Profiles in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632571. [PMID: 34631510 PMCID: PMC8495167 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-adjacent normal (TAN) tissues, which constitute tumor microenvironment and are different from healthy tissues, provide critical information at molecular levels that can be used to differentiate aggressive tumors from indolent tumors. In this study, we analyzed 52 TAN samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer patients and developed a 10-gene prognostic model that can accurately predict biochemical recurrence-free survival based on the profiles of these genes in TAN tissues. The predictive ability was validated using TAN samples from an independent cohort. These 10 prognostic genes in tumor microenvironment are different from the prognostic genes detected in tumor tissues, indicating distinct progression-related mechanisms in two tissue types. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the prognostic genes in tumor microenvironment were significantly enriched by p53 signaling pathway, which may represent the crosstalk tunnels between tumor and its microenvironment and pathways involving cell-to-cell contact and paracrine/endocrine signaling. The insight acquired by this study has advanced our knowledge of the potential role of tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Weide Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Shilnikova K, Piao MJ, Kang KA, Fernando PDSM, Herath HMUL, Cho SJ, Hyun JW. Natural Compound Shikonin Induces Apoptosis and Attenuates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Radiation-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 30:137-144. [PMID: 34321365 PMCID: PMC8902455 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation resistance represents an imperative obstacle in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer, which remains difficult to overcome. Here, we explored the anti-proliferative and migration-inhibiting properties of the natural product shikonin on a radiation-resistant human colon carcinoma cell line (SNU-C5RR). Shikonin reduced the viability of these cells in a dose-dependent manner; 38 μM of shikonin was determined as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Shikonin induced apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by increased apoptotic body formation and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, shikonin enhanced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and Bax expression and also decreased Bcl-2 expression with translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, shikonin activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, and their specific inhibitors reduced the cytotoxic effects of shikonin. Additionally, shikonin decreased the migration of SNU-C5RR cells via the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin. Taken together, these results suggest that shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SNU-C5RR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Shilnikova
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Suk Ju Cho
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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18
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Farooqi AA, Naureen H, Zahid R, Youssef L, Attar R, Xu B. Cancer chemopreventive role of fisetin: Regulation of cell signaling pathways in different cancers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105784. [PMID: 34302980 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming progressively more understandable that pharmaceutical targeting of drug-resistant cancers is challenging because of intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Interestingly, naturally derived bioactive compounds have unique ability to modulate wide-ranging deregulated oncogenic cell signaling pathways. In this review, we have focused on the available evidence related to regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB and TRAIL/TRAIL-R by fisetin in different cancers. Fisetin has also been shown to inhibit the metastatic spread of cancer cells in tumor-bearing mice. We have also summarized how fisetin regulated autophagy in different cancers. In addition, this review also covers fisetin-mediated regulation of VEGF/VEGFR, EGFR, necroptosis and Hippo pathway. Fisetin has entered into clinical trials particularly in context of COVID19-associated inflammations. Furthermore, fisetin mediated effects are also being tested in clinical trials with reference to osteoarthritis and senescence. These developments will surely pave the way for full-fledge and well-designed clinical trials of fisetin in different cancers. However, we still have to comprehensively analyze and fully unlock pharmacological potential of fisetin against different oncogenic signaling cascades and non-coding RNAs. Fisetin has remarkable potential as chemopreventive agent and future studies must converge on the identification of additional regulatory roles of fisetin for inhibition and prevention of cancers.
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19
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Cai J, Cui Y, Yang J, Wang S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: When tumor cells meet myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188564. [PMID: 33974950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population characterized by protumoral functions in the tumor immune network. An increasing number of studies have focused on the biological functions of MDSCs in tumor immunity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular plasticity process accompanied by a loss of epithelial phenotypes and an acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes. In general, tumor cells that undergo EMT are more likely to invade and metastasize. Recently, extensive evidence suggests that EMT is closely related to a highly immunosuppressive environment. This review will summarize the immunosuppressive capacities of MDSC subsets and their distinct role in tumor EMT and further discuss immunotherapy for tumor EMT by targeting MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yudan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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20
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Zhang X, Han J, Feng L, Zhi L, Jiang D, Yu B, Zhang Z, Gao B, Zhang C, Li M, Zhao L, Wang G. DUOX2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the AKT pathway and interacting with RPL3. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:105-117. [PMID: 32531052 PMCID: PMC7877561 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is an important regulatory protein in the organic process of thyroid hormone iodine. Mounting evidence suggests that DUOX2 plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancers. However, the function and mechanism of DUOX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully clarified. In the present study, the relationship between the expression of DUOX2 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CRC patients was analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of DUOX2 on proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo were examined. DUOX2-associated proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation (IP). Next-generation sequencing detection was performed to illustrate the mechanism of DUOX2 in CRC cells. It was found that the expression levels of DUOX2 in metastatic sites were significantly higher than those in primary tumor tissues, and this was demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis. The knockdown of DUOX2 inhibited the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, DUOX2 regulated the stability of ribosomal protein uL3 (RPL3) by affecting the ubiquitination status of RPL3, and the invasion and migration ability of DUOX2 can be reversed by the overexpression of RPL3. The downregulation of DUOX2 can affect the expression level of a large number of genes, and a number of these are enriched in the PI3K-AKT pathway. Some of the changes caused by DUOX2 can be reversed by RPL3. In summary, DUOX2 exhibits a significantly higher expression in CRC tumor samples, and facilitates the invasion and metastasis ability of CRC cells by interacting with RPL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lianghui Zhi
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Yu
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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21
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Naruse M, Ochiai M, Sekine S, Taniguchi H, Yoshida T, Ichikawa H, Sakamoto H, Kubo T, Matsumoto K, Ochiai A, Imai T. Re-expression of REG family and DUOXs genes in CRC organoids by co-culturing with CAFs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2077. [PMID: 33483567 PMCID: PMC7822883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids derived from epithelial tumors have recently been utilized as a preclinical model in basic and translational studies. This model is considered to represent the original tumor in terms of 3D structure, genetic and cellular heterogeneity, but not tumor microenvironment. In this study, we established organoids and paired cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from surgical specimens of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), and evaluated gene expression profiles in organoids with and without co-culture with CAFs to assess interactions between tumor cells and CAFs in tumor tissues. We found that the expression levels of several genes, which are highly expressed in original CRC tissues, were downregulated in organoids but re-expressed in organoids by co-culturing with CAFs. They comprised immune response- and external stimulus-related genes, e.g., REG family and dual oxidases (DUOXs), which are known to have malignant functions, leading tumor cells to proliferative and/or anti-apoptotic states and drug resistant phenotypes. In addition, the degree of differential induction of REG1 and DUOX2 in the co-culture system varied depending on CAFs from each CRC case. In conclusion, the co-culture system of CRC organoids with paired CAFs was able to partially reproduce the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Naruse
- Central Animal Division, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masako Ochiai
- Central Animal Division, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Central Animal Division, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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22
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Yang M, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Xu D, Yuan Y. A truncated protein product of the germline variant of the DUOX2 gene leads to adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:215-226. [PMID: 33628596 PMCID: PMC7877186 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In some patients with adenomatous polyposis, an identifiable pathogenic variant of known associated genes cannot be found. Researchers have studied this for decades; however, few new genes have been identified. Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) negative polyposis patients were identified through next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine candidate genes harboring pathogenic variants. Functional experiments were performed to explore their effects. Subsequently, using Sanger sequencing, we found other polyposis patients carrying variants of the DUOX2 gene, encoding dual oxidase 2, and analyzed them. Results: From 88 patients with suspected familial adenomatous polyposis, 25 unrelated APC negative polyposis patients were identified. Based on the WES results of 3 patients and 2 healthy relatives from a family, the germline nonsense variant (c.1588A>T; p.K530X) of the DUOX2 gene was speculated to play a decisive role in the pedigree in relation to adenomatous polyposis. During functional experiments, we observed that the truncated protein, hDuox2 K530, was overexpressed in the adenoma in a carrier of the DUOX2 nonsense variant, causing abnormal cell proliferation through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. In addition, we found two unrelated APC negative patients carrying DUOX2 missense variants (c.3329G>A, p.R1110Q; c.4027C>T, p.L1343F). Given the results of the in silico analysis, these two missense variants might exert a negative influence on the function of hDuox2. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the possible association of DUOX2 germline variants with adenomatous polyposis. With an autosomal dominant inheritance, it causes ER retention, inducing an unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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23
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Duan C, Tang X, Wang W, Qian W, Fu X, Deng X, Han C, Hou X. L-fucose ameliorates the carcinogenic properties of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:143. [PMID: 33552262 PMCID: PMC7798039 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is considered a promoting factor in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, only a few studies have investigated therapies against Fn. L-fucose is a natural monosaccharide that has prebiotic potential. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of L-fucose on the carcinogenic properties of Fn. The HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were treated with Fn and Fn+L-fucose (Fnf), respectively. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion and wound healing assays were performed to assess the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of the cells, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the protein levels of jak/stat3 pathway components and EMT. The results of the CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that treatment with Fn significantly enhanced the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cells. Notably, these effects were significantly reversed following addition of L-fucose. Furthermore, L-fucose inhibited the carcinogenic properties of Fn to activate the stat3 pathway and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that L-fucose ameliorates the carcinogenic properties of Fn in vitro, and thus may serve as a novel therapeutic target for flora-related colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochao Fu
- Hubei Center of Industrial Culture Collection and Research, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- Hubei Center of Industrial Culture Collection and Research, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430020, P.R. China
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24
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Xiao X, Huang M, Fan C, Zuo F. DUOX2 participates in skin aging induced by UVB in HSF2 cells by activating NF-κB signaling. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:157. [PMID: 33456524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and in particular photoaging or premature aging, are caused by a variety of factors, including hormone imbalance and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and related NF-κB signals in skin photoaging. Cell models of photoaging were constructed by irradiating human skin fibroblast lines (HSF2) with ultraviolet B (UVB) of different doses (0, 15, 30 and 60 mj/cm2). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) was used to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A biochemical method was to determine the content of hydrogen peroxide, and the quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA in the cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of DUOX2, p65 and p-p65. The results showed that,UVB irradiation dose- and time-dependently inhibited the proliferation of HSF2 cells. Cellular inflammatory response, ROS production and hydrogen peroxide increase was promoted. Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA were downregulated, MMP2 and MMP9 were upregulated, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was promoted. The above indicators were all reversed by interference with DUOX2. Overexpression of DUOX2 has an effect that is similar to UVB irradiation, but the effects can be significantly weakened by NF-κB inhibitor, NAC. Upregulation of DUOX2 expression plays a crucial role in UVB-induced aging of HSF2 cells. The specific mechanism is related to the promotion of ROS production and cellular inflammatory response and activation of NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Minghuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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25
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Basak D, Uddin MN, Hancock J. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Its Counteractive Utility in Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3336. [PMID: 33187272 PMCID: PMC7698080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An altered redox status accompanied by an elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been implicated in a number of diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC, being one of the most common cancers worldwide, has been reported to be associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary habits, obesity, and physical inactivity) and harboring heightened oxidative stress that results in genomic instability. Although under normal condition ROS regulate many signal transduction pathways including cell proliferation and survival, overwhelming of the antioxidant capacity due to metabolic abnormalities and oncogenic signaling leads to a redox adaptation response that imparts drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on elevated production of ROS makes the tumor cells increasingly vulnerable to further ROS insults, and the abolition of such drug resistance through redox perturbation could be instrumental to preferentially eliminate them. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the evidence that links redox stress to the development of CRC and assimilate the most up-to-date information that would facilitate future investigation on CRC-associated redox biology. Concomitantly, we argue that the exploitation of this distinct biochemical property of CRC cells might offer a fresh avenue to effectively eradicate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Basak
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
| | | | - Jake Hancock
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA;
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) in the biology of cancer: it is not just intermediary metabolism. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 65:R77-R90. [PMID: 33064660 PMCID: PMC7577320 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP. Early studies identified ME1 as a mediator of intermediary metabolism primarily through its participatory roles in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ME1 was one of the first identified insulin-regulated genes in liver and adipose and is a transcriptional target of thyroxine. Multiple studies have since documented that ME1 is pro-oncogenic in numerous epithelial cancers. In tumor cells, the reduction of ME1 gene expression or the inhibition of its activity resulted in decreases in proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and in vitro migration, and conversely, in promotion of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. Here, we integrate recent findings to highlight ME1's role in oncogenesis, provide a rationale for its nexus with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and raise the prospects of targeting the cytosolic NADPH network to improve therapeutic approaches against multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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27
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Xue D, Zhou X, Qiu J. Emerging role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110676. [PMID: 32858502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a central cause for the tumor management failure. Cancer cells disrupt the redox homeostasis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory mechanisms, leading to tumor progression and chemoresistance. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of neutralizing cellular ROS and restoring redox balance. Understanding the role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated chemoresistance can be helpful in the development of chemotherapy strategies with better efficiency. In this review, we sum up the roles of ROS in the development of chemoresistance to classical chemotherapy agents including cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, and how to overcome ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance by targeting NRF2. Finally, we propose that targeting NRF2 might be a promising strategy to resist ROS-driven chemoresistance and acquire better efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongming Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Guo J, Ren R, Sun K, Yao X, Lin J, Wang G, Guo Z, Xu T, Guo F. PERK controls bone homeostasis through the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:847. [PMID: 33051453 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells with the ability to degrade bone tissue, and are closely related to abnormal bone metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for protein modification, quality control, and transportation. The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in ER cavity induces ER stress. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) is an ER stress-sensing protein, which is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Systemic PERK knockout mice show severe bone loss, suggesting that PERK is of great significance for maintaining the normal growth and development of bone tissue, but the role of PERK in osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we found that PERK was significantly activated during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation; knockdown of PERK by siRNA and inhibition of PERK by GSK2606414, respectively, had significant negative regulatory effects on the formation and bone resorption of osteoclasts. PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 down-regulated the mRNA levels and protein expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, and inhibited RANKL-induced activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. Treatment with PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 in ovariectomized mouse model significantly suppressed bone loss and osteoclast formation. Thapsigargin activated ER stress to enhance autophagy, while GSK2606414 had a significant inhibitory effect on autophagy flux and autophagosome formation. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could inhibit the expression of PERK phosphorylation, osteoclast-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins, but the use of PERK activator CCT020312 can reverse inhibition effect of NAC. Our findings demonstrate a key role for PERK in osteoclast differentiation and suggest its therapeutic potential.
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Wang B, Ma N, Zheng X, Li X, Ma X, Hu J, Cao B. GDF15 Repression Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Human Colon Cancer by Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:2826010. [PMID: 33062674 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2826010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the standard approach for colon cancer treatment, and resistance to 5-FU is a significant obstacle in the clinical treatment of colon cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells remain largely unknown. This study aimed at determining whether 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis and the role of GDF15—a member of the transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein super family and a protein known to be involved in cancer progression—in the regulation of EMT and apoptosis of these cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. In vitro apoptosis detection assay, growth inhibition assay, transwell, and wound healing experiments revealed that 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells possessed enhanced EMT and antiapoptotic ability. These cells also showed a stronger tendency to proliferate and metastasize in vivo. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting revealed that 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells expressed lower levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) than did 5-FU-sensitive colon cancer cells. Moreover, the transient GDF15 overexpression resensitized 5-FU-resistant colon cells to 5-FU. Collectively, these findings indicate the mechanism underlying the 5-FU resistance of colon cancer cells and provide new therapeutic targets for improving the prognosis of colon cancer patients.
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Abstract
Significance: The primary function of NADPH oxidases (NOX1-5 and dual oxidases DUOX1/2) is to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If inadequately regulated, NOX-associated ROS can promote oxidative stress, aberrant signaling, and genomic instability. Correspondingly, NOX isoforms are known to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets in cancer. Recent Advances: Multiple genetic studies aimed at suppressing the expression of NOX proteins in cellular and animal models of cancer have provided support for the notion that NOXs play a pro-tumorigenic role. Further, large drug screens and rational design efforts have yielded inhibitor compounds, such as the diphenylene iodonium (DPI) analog series developed by our group, with increased selectivity and potency over "first generation" NOX inhibitors such as apocynin and DPI. Critical Issues: The precise role of NOX enzymes in tumor biology remains poorly defined. The tumorigenic properties of NOXs vary with cancer type, and precise tools, such as selective inhibitors, are needed to deconvolute NOX contribution to cancer development. Most NOX inhibitors developed to date are unspecific, and/or their mechanistic and pharmacological characteristics are not well defined. A lack of high-resolution crystal structures for NOX functional domains has hindered the development of potent and selective inhibitors. Future Directions: In-depth studies of NOX interactions with the tumor microenvironment (e.g., cytokines, cell-surface antigens) will help identify new approaches for NOX inhibition in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Smitha Antony
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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D'Alterio C, Zannetti A, Trotta AM, Ieranò C, Napolitano M, Rea G, Greco A, Maiolino P, Albanese S, Scognamiglio G, Tatangelo F, Tafuto S, Portella L, Santagata S, Nasti G, Ottaiano A, Pacelli R, Delrio P, Botti G, Scala S. New CXCR4 Antagonist Peptide R (Pep R) Improves Standard Therapy in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1952. [PMID: 32708431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed and functional in colorectal cancer. To investigate the role of CXCR4 antagonism in potentiating colon cancer standard therapy, the new peptide CXCR4 antagonist Peptide R (Pep R) was employed. Human colon cancer HCT116 xenograft-bearing mice were treated with chemotherapeutic agents (CT) 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin (OX) or 5FU and radio chemotherapy (RT-CT) in the presence of Pep R. After two weeks, CT plus Pep R reduced by 4-fold the relative tumor volume (RTV) as compared to 2- and 1.6-fold reductions induced, respectively, by CT and Pep R. In vitro Pep R addition to CT/RT-CT impaired HCT116 cell growth and further reduced HCT116 and HT29 clonal capability. Thus, the hypothesis that Pep R could target the epithelial mesenchyme transition (EMT) process was evaluated. While CT decreased ECAD and increased ZEB-1 and CD90 expression, the addition of Pep R restored the pretreatment expression. In HCT116 and HT29 cells, CT/RT-CT induced a population of CD133+CXCR4+ cells, supposedly a stem-resistant cancer cell population, while Pep R reduced it. Taken together, the results showed that targeting CXCR4 ameliorates the effect of treatment in colon cancer through inhibition of cell growth and reversal of EMT treatment-induced markers, supporting further clinical studies.
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Abstract
NOX/DUOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins that carry electrons through biological membranes generating reactive oxygen species. The NOX family is composed of seven members, which are NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 and 2. DUOX enzymes were initially called thyroid oxidases, based on their high expression level in the thyroid tissue. However, DUOX expression has been documented in several extrathyroid tissues, mostly at the apical membrane of the salivary glands, the airways, and the intestinal tract, revealing additional cellular functions associated with DUOX-related H2O2 generation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding DUOX structure and physiological functions, as well as their possible role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas
Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Veith C, Boots AW, Idris M, van Schooten FJ, van der Vliet A. Redox Imbalance in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Role for Oxidant Cross-Talk Between NADPH Oxidase Enzymes and Mitochondria. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1092-1115. [PMID: 30793932 PMCID: PMC6767863 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related lung disease with a median survival of only 3 years after diagnosis. The pathogenic mechanisms behind IPF are not clearly understood, and current therapeutic approaches have not been successful in improving disease outcomes. Recent Advances: IPF is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily by NADPH oxidases (NOXes) and mitochondria, as well as altered antioxidant defenses. Recent studies have identified the NOX isoform NOX4 as a key player in various important aspects of IPF pathology. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to enhance pathological features of IPF, in part by increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and altering cellular metabolism. Recent findings indicate reciprocal interactions between NOX enzymes and mitochondria, which affect regulation of NOX activity as well as mitochondrial function and mtROS production, and collectively promote epithelial injury and profibrotic signaling. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The precise molecular mechanisms by which ROS from NOX or mitochondria contribute to IPF pathology are not known. This review summarizes the current knowledge with respect to the various aspects of ROS imbalance in the context of IPF and its proposed roles in disease development, with specific emphasis on the importance of inappropriate NOX activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the emerging evidence of NOX-mitochondria cross-talk as important drivers in IPF pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Agnes W. Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Musa Idris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Albert van der Vliet, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, HSRF 216, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405
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R. Babu K, Tay Y. The Yin-Yang Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215335. [PMID: 31717786 PMCID: PMC6862169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-containing chemical species formed as a by-product of normal aerobic respiration and also from a number of other cellular enzymatic reactions. ROS function as key mediators of cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune response. However, elevated and sustained ROS production promotes tumor initiation by inducing DNA damage or mutation and activates oncogenic signaling pathways to promote cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that ROS can facilitate carcinogenesis by controlling microRNA (miRNA) expression through regulating miRNA biogenesis, transcription, and epigenetic modifications. Likewise, miRNAs have been shown to control cellular ROS homeostasis by regulating the expression of proteins involved in ROS production and elimination. In this review, we summarized the significance of ROS in cancer initiation, progression, and the regulatory crosstalk between ROS and miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh R. Babu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-7756
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Kim EK, Jang M, Song MJ, Kim D, Kim Y, Jang HH. Redox-Mediated Mechanism of Chemoresistance in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E471. [PMID: 31658599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) status is stabilized by a balance of ROS generation and elimination called redox homeostasis. ROS is increased by activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family members and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis of mitochondria. Increased ROS is detoxified by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxiredoxins. ROS has a role as a secondary messenger in signal transduction. Cancer cells induce fluctuations of redox homeostasis by variation of ROS regulated machinery, leading to increased tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Redox-mediated mechanisms of chemoresistance include endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy, increased cell cycle progression, and increased conversion to metastasis or cancer stem-like cells. This review discusses changes of the redox state in tumorigenesis and redox-mediated mechanisms involved in tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
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Meitzler JL, Konaté MM, Doroshow JH. Hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidases and the promotion of migratory phenotypes in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 675:108076. [PMID: 31415727 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. Exposure to oxidative stress, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), has been linked to aberrant cellular signaling through which the development of cancer may be promoted. Three members of the NADPH oxidase family (NOX4, DUOX1 and DUOX2) explicitly generate this non-radical oxidant in a wide range of tissues, often in support of the inflammatory response. This review summarizes the contributions of each H2O2-producing NOX to the invasive behaviors of tumors and/or the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer that plays an essential role in metastasis. Tissue localization in tumorigenesis is also highlighted, with patient-derived TCGA microarray data profiled across 31 cancer cohorts to provide a comprehensive guide to the relevance of NOX4/DUOX1/DUOX2 in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Meitzler
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Mariam M Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Lee SY, Ju MK, Jeon HM, Lee YJ, Kim CH, Park HG, Han SI, Kang HS. Reactive oxygen species induce epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, glycolytic switch, and mitochondrial repression through the Dlx‑2/Snail signaling pathways in MCF‑7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2339-2346. [PMID: 31322179 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important cellular second messengers involved in various aspects of cell signaling. ROS are elevated in multiple types of cancer cells, and this elevation is known to be involved in pathological processes of cancer. Although high levels of ROS exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, low levels of ROS stimulate cell proliferation and survival by inducing several pro‑survival signaling pathways. In addition, ROS have been shown to induce epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is essential for the initiation of metastasis. However, the precise mechanism of ROS‑induced EMT remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was indicated that ROS induce EMT by activating Snail expression, which then represses E‑cadherin expression in MCF‑7 cells. It was further indicated that distal‑less homeobox‑2 (Dlx‑2), one of the human Dlx gene family proteins involved in embryonic development, acts as an upstream regulator of ROS‑induced Snail expression. It was also revealed that ROS treatment induces the glycolytic switch, a phenomenon whereby cancer cells primarily rely on glycolysis instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production, even in the presence of oxygen. In addition, ROS inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and caused cytochrome c oxidase inhibition via the Dlx‑2/Snail cascade. These results suggest that ROS induce EMT, the glycolytic switch and mitochondrial repression by activating the Dlx‑2/Snail axis, thereby playing crucial roles in MCF‑7 cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yig Ji Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Park
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Gyeonggi 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Zhang B, Ma Z, Tan B, Lin N. Targeting the cell signaling pathway Keap1-Nrf2 as a therapeutic strategy for adenocarcinomas of the lung. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:241-250. [PMID: 30556750 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1559824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) signaling plays a pivotal role in response to oxidative stress in lung cancer. Mutations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 genes always cause persistent Nrf2 activation in lung cancer cells that confer therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumorigenic activity, dictating either poor prognosis or short duration of response to chemotherapy in clinical observations. Areas covered: We provide a review of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 at different stages, including genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, translational/post-translational alterations, and protein-protein interactions. Based on the current knowledge, we discuss the possibilities of intervening Keap1-Nrf2 in lung adenocarcinoma as a therapeutic target. Expert opinion: It is prevalently conceived that Keap1-Nrf2 signaling plays different roles at diverse stages of cancer. Although various Nrf2 or Keap1 inhibitors have been reported during the last decades, none of these inhibitors are currently under clinical studies or in clinical applications, suggesting that sole inhibition of Nrf2 might not be sufficient to suppress tumor growth. On the basis of current studies, we suggest that the rational combination of Nrf2 suppression with chemical agents which cause enhanced oxidative imbalance or abnormal metabolism would be promising in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Biqin Tan
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Nengming Lin
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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Long MP, Wang HL, Luo YB, Yang JH. Targeting ROR1 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human lung adenocarcinoma via mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:4759-4770. [PMID: 31949551 PMCID: PMC6962910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a type I surface transmembrane protein that contributes to progression of tumor-cell growth and metastasis. We and others have shown that the roles of ROR1 include inhibiting apoptosis, potentiating EGFR signaling, and inducing proliferation in lung cancer, but the roles and mechanisms of ROR1 in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis have not been elucidated. Here we chose four lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, PC9 (erlotinib-sensitive), PC9erlo (acquired erlotinib-resistant), NCI-H358 (partial erlotinib-resistant), and NCI-H1975 (erlotinib-resistant) as cell models to simulate the clinical situation. We found that ROR1 prompted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing the expression level of a key epithelial gene, E-cadherin, while decreasing the expression level of the key mesenchymal gene vimentin. Silencing ROR1 by siRNA significantly reduced the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), mTOR (Ser2448), Raptor (Ser792) and p70S6K (Thr389) in all four cell lines. This strongly supports our proposal that ROR1 may play a central role in tumor progression and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma through mTOR signaling, regardless of its EGFR-TKI sensitivity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Peng Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong-Bin Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of KunmingKunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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