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Ding L, Li Z, Wang X, Shen B, Xiao L, Dong G, Yu L, Nandintsetseg B, Shi Z, Chang J, Shao C. Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of gross primary productivity over the Mongolian Plateau steppe in the past 20 years. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170886. [PMID: 38360323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The Eurasian steppe is the largest temperate grassland in the world. The grassland of the Mongolian Plateau (MP) represents an important part of the Eurasian steppe with high climatic sensitivity. Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a key indicator of the grassland's production, status and dynamic on the MP. In this study, we calibrated and evaluated the grassland-specific light use efficiency model (GRASS-LUE) against the observed GPP collected from nine eddy covariance flux sites on the MP, and compared the performance with other four GPP products (MOD17, VPM, GLASS and GOSIF). GRASS-LUE with higher R2 (0.91) and lower root mean square error (RMSE = 0.99 gC m-2 day-1) showed a better performance compared to the four GPP products in terms of model accuracy and dynamic consistency, especially in typical and desert steppe. The parameters of the GRASS-LUE are more suitable for water-limited grassland could be the reason for its outstanding performance in typical and desert steppe. Mean grassland GPP derived from GRASS-LUE was higher in the east and lower in the west of the MP. Grassland GPP was on average 205 gC m-2 over the MP between 2001 and 2020 with mean annual total GPP of 322 TgC yr-1. 30 % of the MP steppe showed a significant GPP increase. Growing season precipitation is the main factor affecting GPP of the MP steppe across regions. Anthropogenic factors (livestock density and population density) had greater effect on GPP than growing season temperature in pastoral counties in IM that take grazing as one of main industries. These findings can inform the status and trend of the productivity of MP steppe and help government and scientific research institutions to understand the drivers for spatial pattern of grassland GPP on the MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Beibei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liujun Xiao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Gang Dong
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Banzragch Nandintsetseg
- ERDEM Research and Communication Center, Mongolia; Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Zhou Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Changliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhang F, Biederman JA, Pierce NA, Potts DL, Devine CJ, Hao Y, Smith WK. Precipitation temporal repackaging into fewer, larger storms delayed seasonal timing of peak photosynthesis in a semi‐arid grassland. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyue Zhang
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center Tucson AZ USA
| | - Joel A. Biederman
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center Tucson AZ USA
| | - Nathan A. Pierce
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center Tucson AZ USA
| | | | - Charles John Devine
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - William K. Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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Vetter VMS, Kreyling J, Dengler J, Apostolova I, Arfin-Khan MAS, Berauer BJ, Berwaers S, De Boeck HJ, Nijs I, Schuchardt MA, Sopotlieva D, von Gillhausen P, Wilfahrt PA, Zimmermann M, Jentsch A. Invader presence disrupts the stabilizing effect of species richness in plant community recovery after drought. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3539-3551. [PMID: 32011046 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Higher biodiversity can stabilize the productivity and functioning of grassland communities when subjected to extreme climatic events. The positive biodiversity-stability relationship emerges via increased resistance and/or recovery to these events. However, invader presence might disrupt this diversity-stability relationship by altering biotic interactions. Investigating such disruptions is important given that invasion by non-native species and extreme climatic events are expected to increase in the future due to anthropogenic pressure. Here we present one of the first multisite invader × biodiversity × drought manipulation experiment to examine combined effects of biodiversity and invasion on drought resistance and recovery at three semi-natural grassland sites across Europe. The stability of biomass production to an extreme drought manipulation (100% rainfall reduction; BE: 88 days, BG: 85 days, DE: 76 days) was quantified in field mesocosms with a richness gradient of 1, 3, and 6 species and three invasion treatments (no invader, Lupinus polyphyllus, Senecio inaequidens). Our results suggest that biodiversity stabilized community productivity by increasing the ability of native species to recover from extreme drought events. However, invader presence turned the positive and stabilizing effects of diversity on native species recovery into a neutral relationship. This effect was independent of the two invader's own capacity to recover from an extreme drought event. In summary, we found that invader presence may disrupt how native community interactions lead to stability of ecosystems in response to extreme climatic events. Consequently, the interaction of three global change drivers, climate extremes, diversity decline, and invasive species, may exacerbate their effects on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M S Vetter
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Sciences (iES), University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Management (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iva Apostolova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammed A S Arfin-Khan
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Bernd J Berauer
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sigi Berwaers
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Max A Schuchardt
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Desislava Sopotlieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Philipp von Gillhausen
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maja Zimmermann
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Wu J, Wu H, Ding Y, Qin J, Li H, Liu S, Zeng D. Interannual and seasonal variations in carbon exchanges over an alpine meadow in the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228470. [PMID: 32045420 PMCID: PMC7012402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpine meadow is highly sensitive to global climate change due to its high elevation and cold environment. To understand the dynamics of ecosystem carbon cycling, CO2 fluxes were measured over the Suli alpine meadow, which is located at the upper reach of the Shule River basin at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. The measurements were taken from October 2008 to September 2012 using the eddy covariance technique. Obvious seasonal and inter-annual variations were observed in the CO2 flux. The annual net carbon exchange ranged from -195.28 g·CO2·m-2 to -118.49 g·CO2·m-2, indicating that the alpine meadow ecosystem in this area played a role as a carbon sink. The inter-annual variability in the net carbon exchange was significantly related to the length of the growing season for the alpine meadow. The results showed that the months of June, July and August were the strongest CO2 absorption periods, while April, May and October were the strongest CO2 release periods. The annual net exchanges of CO2 in the four years were -118.49 g·CO2·m-2, -130.75 g·CO2·m-2, -195.83 g·CO2·m-2 and -160.65 g·CO2·m-2, and the average value was -151.43 g·CO2·m-2. On a seasonal scale, the monthly CO2 fluxes were largely controlled by temperature. At the annual scale, there was no dominant factor that influenced the interannual variations in the CO2 flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of hydraulic science and engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Basin Sciences in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Ma L, Yao Z, Zheng X, Zhang H, Wang K, Zhu B, Wang R, Zhang W, Liu C. Increasing grassland degradation stimulates the non-growing season CO 2 emissions from an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26576-26591. [PMID: 29995209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The alpine meadow ecosystem is one of the major vegetation biomes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which hold substantial quantities of soil organic carbon. Pronounced grassland degradations (induced by overgrazing/climate change and further exacerbated by the subterranean rodent activities) that have widely occurred in this ecosystem may significantly alter the non-growing season carbon turnover processes such as carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux, but little is known about how the non-growing season CO2 emissions respond to the degradation (particularly the exacerbated degradations by plateau zokor), as most previous studies have focused primarily on the growing season. In this study, the effects of four degradation levels (i.e., the healthy meadow (HM), degraded patches (DP), 2-year-old zokor mounds (ZM2), and current-year zokor mounds (ZM1)) on CO2 emissions and corresponding environmental and agronomic variables were investigated over the two non-growing seasons under contrasting climatic conditions (a normal season in 2013-2014 and a "warm and humid" season in 2014-2015). The temporal variation in the non-growing season CO2 emissions was mainly regulated by soil temperature, while increasing degradation levels reduced the temperature sensitivity of CO2 emissions due to a reduction in soil water content. The cumulative CO2 emissions across the non-growing season were 587-1283 kg C ha-1 for all degradation levels, which varied significantly (p < 0.05) interannually. The degradation of alpine meadows significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the vegetation cover and aboveground net primary productivity as well as the belowground biomass, which are typically thought to decrease soil CO2 emissions. However, the non-growing season CO2 emissions for the degraded meadow, weighted by the areal extent of the DP, ZM2, and ZM1, were estimated to be 641-1280 kg C ha-1, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared with the HM in the warm and humid season of 2014-2015 but not in the normal season of 2013-2014. Additionally, grassland degradation substantially increased the productivity-scaled non-growing season CO2 emissions, which showed an exponential trend with increasing degradation levels. These results suggest that there is a strong connection between grassland degradation and soil carbon loss, e.g., in the form of CO2 release, pointing to the urgent need to manage degraded grassland restoration that contributes to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Kang X, Yan L, Zhang X, Li Y, Tian D, Peng C, Wu H, Wang J, Zhong L. Modeling Gross Primary Production of a Typical Coastal Wetland in China Using MODIS Time Series and CO2 Eddy Flux Tower Data. Remote Sensing 2018; 10:708. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang B, Jin H, Li Q, Chen D, Zhao L, Tang Y, Kato T, Gu S. Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of a Pasture in the Three-River Source Region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170963. [PMID: 28129406 PMCID: PMC5271413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and grassland ecosystems is very important for the global carbon balance. To assess the CO2 flux and its relationship to environmental factors, the eddy covariance method was used to evaluate the diurnal cycle and seasonal pattern of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of a cultivated pasture in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from January 1 to December 31, 2008. The diurnal variations in the NEE and ecosystem respiration (Re) during the growing season exhibited single-peak patterns, the maximum and minimum CO2 uptake observed during the noon hours and night; and the maximum and minimum Re took place in the afternoon and early morning, respectively. The minimum hourly NEE rate and the maximum hourly Re rate were -7.89 and 5.03 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively. The NEE and Re showed clear seasonal variations, with lower values in winter and higher values in the peak growth period. The highest daily values for C uptake and Re were observed on August 12 (-2.91 g C m-2 d-1) and July 28 (5.04 g C m-2 day-1), respectively. The annual total NEE and Re were -140.01 and 403.57 g C m-2 year-1, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (α) was -0.0275 μmol μmol-1 for the entire growing period, and the α values for the pasture's light response curve varied with the leaf area index (LAI), air temperature (Ta), soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Piecewise regression results indicated that the optimum Ta and VPD for the daytime NEE were 14.1°C and 0.65 kPa, respectively. The daytime NEE decreased with increasing SWC, and the temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10) was 3.0 during the growing season, which was controlled by the SWC conditions. Path analysis suggested that the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm (Tsoil) was the most important environmental factor affecting daily variations in NEE during the growing season, and the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was the major limiting factor for this cultivated pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (SG)
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kato
- Doctoral Program in Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Song Gu
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (BW); (SG)
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Kang X, Hao Y, Cui X, Chen H, Huang S, Du Y, Li W, Kardol P, Xiao X, Cui L. Variability and Changes in Climate, Phenology, and Gross Primary Production of an Alpine Wetland Ecosystem. Remote Sensing 2016; 8:391. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang B, Niu B, Yang X, Gu S. Environmental Factors and Soil CO 2 Emissions in an Alpine Swamp Meadow Ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau in Response to Experimental Warming. J CHEM-NY 2016; 2016:1-7. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/2573185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the response of soil CO2emissions to warming and environmental control mechanisms in an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Experimental warming treatments were performed in an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem using two open-top chambers (OTCs) 40 cm (OA) and 80 cm (OB) tall. The results indicate that temperatures were increased by 2.79°C in OA and 4.96°C in OB, that ecosystem CO2efflux showed remarkable seasonal variations in the control (CK) and the two warming treatments, and that all three systems yielded peak values in August of 123.6, 142.3, and 166.2 g C m−2 month−1. Annual CO2efflux also showed a gradual upward trend with increased warming: OB (684.1 g C m−2 year−1) > OA (580.7 g C m−2 year−1) > CK (473.3 g C m−2 year−1). Path analysis revealed that the 5 cm depth soil temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting soil CO2emissions in the three systems.
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Chen J, Shi W, Cao J. Effects of grazing on ecosystem CO₂ exchange in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau during the growing season. Environ Manage 2015; 55:347-59. [PMID: 25355630 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-014-0390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of human activity on ecosystem carbon fluxes (e.g., net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R(eco)), and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) are crucial for projecting future uptake of CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how ecosystem that carbon fluxes respond to grazing exclusion is still under debate. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of grazing exclusion on R(eco), NEE, and GEE with three treatments (free-range grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion for 3 and 5 years (GE3 and GE5, respectively)) in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that grazing exclusion significantly increased NEE by 47.37 and 15.84%, and R eco by 33.14 and 4.29% under GE3 and GE5 plots, respectively, although carbon sinks occurred in all plots during the growing season, with values of 192.11, 283.12, and 222.54 g C m(-2) for FG, GE3, and GE5, respectively. Interestingly, grazing exclusion increased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of R eco with larger increases at the beginning and end of growing season (i.e., May and October, respectively). Soil temperature and soil moisture were key factors on controlling the diurnal and seasonal variations of R(eco), NEE, and GEE, with soil temperature having a stronger influence. Therefore, the combined effects of grazing and temperature suggest that grazing should be taken into consideration in assessing global warming effects on grassland ecosystem CO2 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
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Reichstein M, Bahn M, Ciais P, Frank D, Mahecha MD, Seneviratne SI, Zscheischler J, Beer C, Buchmann N, Frank DC, Papale D, Rammig A, Smith P, Thonicke K, van der Velde M, Vicca S, Walz A, Wattenbach M. Climate extremes and the carbon cycle. Nature 2013; 500:287-95. [PMID: 23955228 DOI: 10.1038/nature12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The terrestrial biosphere is a key component of the global carbon cycle and its carbon balance is strongly influenced by climate. Continuing environmental changes are thought to increase global terrestrial carbon uptake. But evidence is mounting that climate extremes such as droughts or storms can lead to a decrease in regional ecosystem carbon stocks and therefore have the potential to negate an expected increase in terrestrial carbon uptake. Here we explore the mechanisms and impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle, and propose a pathway to improve our understanding of present and future impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon budget.
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12
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Yang F, Zhou G. Sensitivity of temperate desert steppe carbon exchange to seasonal droughts and precipitation variations in Inner Mongolia, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55418. [PMID: 23393576 PMCID: PMC3564909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arid grassland ecosystems have significant interannual variation in carbon exchange; however, it is unclear how environmental factors influence carbon exchange in different hydrological years. In this study, the eddy covariance technique was used to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of CO₂ flux over a temperate desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China from 2008 to 2010. The amounts and times of precipitation varied significantly throughout the study period. The precipitation in 2009 (186.4 mm) was close to the long-term average (183.9±47.6 mm), while the precipitation in 2008 (136.3 mm) and 2010 (141.3 mm) was approximately a quarter below the long-term average. The temperate desert steppe showed carbon neutrality for atmospheric CO₂ throughout the study period, with a net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) of -7.2, -22.9, and 26.0 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ in 2008, 2009, and 2010, not significantly different from zero. The ecosystem gained more carbon in 2009 compared to other two relatively dry years, while there was significant difference in carbon uptake between 2008 and 2010, although both years recorded similar annual precipitation. The results suggest that summer precipitation is a key factor determining annual NEE. The apparent quantum yield and saturation value of NEE (NEE(sat)) and the temperature sensitivity coefficient of ecosystem respiration (R(eco)) exhibited significant variations. The values of NEE(sat) were -2.6, -2.9, and -1.4 µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Drought suppressed both the gross primary production (GPP) and R(eco), and the drought sensitivity of GPP was greater than that of R(eco). The soil water content sensitivity of GPP was high during the dry year of 2008 with limited soil moisture availability. Our results suggest the carbon balance of this temperate desert steppe was not only sensitive to total annual precipitation, but also to its seasonal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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