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Petersen SO, Ma C, Hilgert JE, Mjöfors K, Sefeedpari P, Amon B, Aarnink A, Francó B, Dragoni F, Groenestein K, Gyldenkærne S, Herrmann C, Hutchings NJ, Kristensen IS, Liu J, Olesen JE, Rodhe L. In-vitro method and model to estimate methane emissions from liquid manure management on pig and dairy farms in four countries. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120233. [PMID: 38330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from manure management on livestock farms are a key source of greenhouse gas emissions in some regions and for some production systems, and the opportunities for mitigation may be significant if emissions can be adequately documented. We investigated a method for estimating CH4 emissions from liquid manure (slurry) that is based on anaerobic incubation of slurry collected from commercial farms. Methane production rates were used to derive a parameter of the Arrhenius temperature response function, lnA', representing the CH4 production potential of the slurry at the time of sampling. Results were used for parameterization of an empirical model to estimate annual emissions with daily time steps, where CH4 emissions from individual sources (barns, outside storage tanks) can be calculated separately. A monitoring program was conducted in four countries, i.e., Denmark, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, during a 12-month period where slurry was sampled to represent barn and outside storage on finishing pig and dairy farms. Across the four countries, lnA' was higher in pig slurry compared to cattle slurry (p < 0.01), and higher in slurry from barns compared to outside storage (p < 0.01). In a separate evaluation of the incubation method, in-vitro CH4 production rates were comparable with in-situ emissions. The results indicate that lnA' in barns increases with slurry age, probably due to growth or adaptation of the methanogenic microbial community. Using lnA' values determined experimentally, empirical models with daily time steps were constructed for finishing pig and dairy farms and used for scenario analyses. Annual emissions from pig slurry were predicted to be 2.5 times higher than those from cattle slurry. Changing the frequency of slurry export from the barn on the model pig farm from 40 to 7 d intervals reduced total annual CH4 emissions by 46 %; this effect would be much less on cattle farms with natural ventilation. In a scenario with cattle slurry, the empirical model was compared with the current IPCC methodology. The seasonal dynamics were less pronounced, and annual CH4 emissions were lower than with the current methodology, which calls for further investigations. Country-specific models for individual animal categories and point sources could be a tool for assessing CH4 emissions and mitigation potentials at farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julio E Hilgert
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Paria Sefeedpari
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - André Aarnink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Federico Dragoni
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Groenestein
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ib S Kristensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jing Liu
- BPC Instruments, Lund, Sweden; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lena Rodhe
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dalby FR, Ambrose HW, Poulsen JS, Nielsen JL, Adamsen APS. Pig slurry organic matter transformation and methanogenesis at ambient storage temperatures. J Environ Qual 2023; 52:1139-1151. [PMID: 37703095 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Manure management is a significant source of global methane emissions, and there is an increased interest in understanding and predicting emissions. The hydrolysis rate of manure organic matter is critical for understanding and predicting methane emissions. We estimated hydrolysis rate constants of crude protein, fibers, and lipids and used the Arrhenius equation to describe its dependency on temperature. Simultaneously, measurements of methane emission, 13/12 C isotope ratios, and methanogen community were conducted. This was achieved by incubating fresh pig manure without inoculum at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C for 85 days in a lab-scale setup. Hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose increased more with temperature than crude protein, but still, hydrolysis rate of crude protein was highest at all temperatures. Results suggested that crude protein consisted of multiple substrate groups displaying large differences in degradability. Lipids and lignin were not hydrolyzed during incubations. Cumulative methane emissions were 7.13 ± 2.69, 24.6 ± 8.00, 66.7 ± 4.8, and 105.7 ± 7.14 gCH4 kgVS -1 at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively, and methanogenic community shifted from Methanosphaera toward Methanocorpusculum over time and more quickly at higher temperatures. This study provides important parameter estimates and dependencies on temperature, which is important in mechanistic methane emission models. Further work should focus on characterizing quickly degradable substrate pools in the manure organic matter as they might be the main carbon source of methane emission from manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rask Dalby
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Herald Wilson Ambrose
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Ma C, Guldberg LB, Hansen MJ, Feng L, Petersen SO. Frequent export of pig slurry for outside storage reduced methane but not ammonia emissions in cold and warm seasons. Waste Manag 2023; 169:223-231. [PMID: 37459826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Manure management is a significant source of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3), and there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce these emissions. More frequent export of manure for outside storage can lower gaseous emissions from housing facilities, but the longer residence time may then increase emissions during outside storage. This study examined CH4 and NH3 emissions from liquid pig manure (pig slurry) removed from the in-house slurry collection pits at three different frequencies, i.e., three times per week (T2.3), once per week (T7), or once after 40 days (T40, reference). The slurry from treatments T2.3 and T7 was transferred for outside storage weekly over four weeks, and slurry from treatment T40 once after 40 days, in connection with summer and winter production cycles with growing-finishing pigs. The slurry was stored in pilot-scale storage tanks with solid cover and continuous ventilation. Compared to T40, the treatments T2.3 and T7 increased CH4 emissions during outside storage, but in-house emissions were reduced even more, and the net effects on total CH4 emissions from manure management (housing unit and outside storage) were reductions of 18-41% in summer and 53-83% in winter. The frequent slurry export for outside storage led to more NH3 emissions, except for the treatment T2.3, which has slurry funnel inserts beneath the slatted floor. Measurements of in-vitro CH4 production rates suggested that shorter residence time for slurry in pig houses delayed the development of active methanogenic populations, and that this contributed to the reduction of CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, iclimate, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lise Bonne Guldberg
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Michael Jørgen Hansen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway(1)
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iclimate, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Hung CY, Koc EK, Grant B, Smith W, VanderZaag A. Perspectives on peak liquid manure temperature with implications for methane emissions. J Environ Qual 2023. [PMID: 37102242 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methane emissions from liquid manure storage are currently estimated with a methane conversion factor (MCF) based on manure temperature inputs or air temperatures as a substitute in the 2019 IPCC Tier 2 method. However, differences between peak manure temperature and peak air temperature (Tdiff ) in warm seasons are likely to occur and result in poor estimates of MCF and methane emissions. To address this concern, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the Tdiff and ratio of manure surface area to manure volume (Rs:v ) using a mechanistic model and by analyzing farm-scale measurement studies across Canada. Positive correlations between Tdiff and Rs:v were found using a modeling approach and from farm-scale results (r = 0.55, p = 0.06). Tdiff ranged from -2.2 to 2.6°C in farm-scale results mainly collected from eastern Canada. We suggest that manure volume and surface area, in addition to removal frequency, could be used to estimate Tdiff and be part of the criteria for improving manure temperature estimates, which could lead to improved estimates of MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Hung
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Efe Kemal Koc
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Grant
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ward Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Dalby FR, Hansen MJ, Guldberg LB, Hafner SD, Feilberg A. Simple Management Changes Drastically Reduce Pig House Methane Emission in Combined Experimental and Modeling Study. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3990-4002. [PMID: 36808979 PMCID: PMC9996816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing methane from livestock slurry is one of the quickest ways to counteract global warming. A straightforward strategy is to reduce slurry retention time inside pig houses by frequent transfer to outside storages, where temperature and therefore microbial activity are lower. We demonstrate three frequent slurry removal strategies in pig houses in a year-round continuous measurement campaign. Slurry funnels, slurry trays, and weekly flushing reduced slurry methane emission by 89, 81, and 53%, respectively. Slurry funnels and slurry trays reduced ammonia emission by 25-30%. An extended version of the anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM) was fitted and validated using barn measurements. It was then applied for predicting storage emission and shows that there is a risk of negating barn methane reductions due to increased emission from outside storage. Therefore, we recommend combining the removal strategies with anaerobic digestion pre-storage or storage mitigation technologies such as slurry acidification. However, even without storage mitigation technologies, predicted net methane reduction from pig houses and following outside storage was at least 30% for all slurry removal strategies.
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Vechi NT, Jensen NS, Scheutz C. Methane emissions from five Danish pig farms: Mitigation strategies and inventory estimated emissions. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115319. [PMID: 35642810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whole-farm methane emissions from five Danish pig farms with different manure management practices and compared measured emission rates to international and national greenhouse gas inventory emission models. Methane emissions were quantified by using the tracer gas dispersion method. Farms were measured between five and eight times throughout a whole year. One of the farms housed sows and weaners (P1) and the others focused on fattening pigs (P2-P5). The farms had different manure treatment practices including biogasification (P3), acidification (P4-P5) and no manure treatment (liquid slurry) (P1-P2). Quantified methane emissions ranged from 0.2 to 20 kg/h and the highest rates were seen at the farms with fattening pigs and with no manure treatment (P2), while the lowest emissions were detected at farms with manure acidification (P4 and P5). Average methane emission factors (EFs), normalised based on livestock units, were 14 ± 6, 18 ± 9, 8 ± 7, 2 ± 1 and 1 ± 1 g/LU/h, for P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5, respectively. Emissions from fattening pig farms with biogasification (P3) and acidification (P4-P5) facilities were 55% and 91-93% lower, respectively, than from farm with no manure treatment (P2). Inventory models underestimated farm-measured methane emissions on average by 51%, across all models and farms, with the Danish model performing the worst (underestimation of 64%). A revision of model parameters related to manure emissions, such as the estimation of volatile solids excreted and methane conversion factor parameters, could improve model output, although more data needs to be collected to strengthen the conclusions. As one of the first studies assessing whole-pig farm emissions, the results showed the potential of the applied measuring method to identify mitigation strategy efficiencies and highlighted the necessity to investigate inventory model accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia T Vechi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Nina S Jensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Feng L, Bonne Guldberg L, Jørgen Hansen M, Ma C, Vinther Ohrt R, Bjarne Møller H. Impact of slurry removal frequency on CH 4 emission and subsequent biogas production; a one-year case study. Waste Manag 2022; 149:199-206. [PMID: 35752107 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of animal slurry to produce biogas is the dominated treatment approach and a storage period is normally applied prior to digestion. Pre-storage, however, contributes to CH4 emissions and results in loss of biogas potential. Manure management was found to be an efficient approach to reduce not only the on-site CH4 emission but may also have extended influence on CH4 emission/losses for storage and subsequent biogas process, while the connection remains unclear. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the impact of slurry management (e.g. removal frequency) on CH4 emission (both on-site and storage process prior to biogas) and biogas yield. An experimental pig house for growing-finishing pigs (30-110 kg) and the relevant CH4 emission was monitored for one year. In addition, the specific CH4 activity (SMA) test was conducted and used as an alternative indicator to reflect the impact. Results showed that the manure management affected both on-site and subsequent methane emission; with increased manure removal frequencies, the methane emission became less dependent on variation of temperatures and the specific methanogenesis activity was significantly lower. The highest SMA (100 mL CH4 gVS-1), for instance, was observed from the slurries with limited emptied times, which was 10 times of that from the slurries being emptied three times a week. These findings could enlighten the development of environmentally friendly strategies for animal slurry management and biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lise Bonne Guldberg
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Michael Jørgen Hansen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rikke Vinther Ohrt
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bjarne Møller
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Kangasaho V, Tsuruta A, Backman L, Mäkinen P, Houweling S, Segers A, Krol M, Dlugokencky EJ, Michel S, White JWC, Aalto T. The Role of Emission Sources and Atmospheric Sink in the Seasonal Cycle of CH4 and δ13-CH4: Analysis Based on the Atmospheric Chemistry Transport Model TM5. Atmosphere 2022; 13:888. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the contribution of different CH4 sources to the seasonal cycle of δ13C during 2000–2012 by using the TM5 atmospheric transport model, including spatially varying information on isotopic signatures. The TM5 model is able to produce the background seasonality of δ13C, but the discrepancies compared to the observations arise from incomplete representation of the emissions and their source-specific signatures. Seasonal cycles of δ13C are found to be an inverse of CH4 cycles in general, but the anti-correlations between CH4 and δ13C are imperfect and experience a large variation (p=−0.35 to −0.91) north of 30° S. We found that wetland emissions are an important driver in the δ13C seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere and Tropics, and in the Southern Hemisphere Tropics, emissions from fires contribute to the enrichment of δ13C in July–October. The comparisons to the observations from 18 stations globally showed that the seasonal cycle of EFMM emissions in the EDGAR v5.0 inventory is more realistic than in v4.3.2. At northern stations (north of 55° N), modeled δ13C amplitudes are generally smaller by 12–68%, mainly because the model could not reproduce the strong depletion in autumn. This indicates that the CH4 emission magnitude and seasonal cycle of wetlands may need to be revised. In addition, results from stations in northern latitudes (19–40° N) indicate that the proportion of biogenic to fossil-based emissions may need to be revised, such that a larger portion of fossil-based emissions is needed during summer.
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Møller HB, Sørensen P, Olesen JE, Petersen SO, Nyord T, Sommer SG. Agricultural Biogas Production—Climate and Environmental Impacts. Sustainability 2022; 14:1849. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure is a major source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The emissions can be mitigated by production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure, mostly together with other biowastes, which can substitute fossil energy and thereby reduce CO2 emissions and postdigestion GHG emissions. This paper presents GHG balances for manure and biowaste management as affected by AD for five Danish biogas scenarios in which pig and cattle slurry were codigested with one or more of the following biomasses: deep litter, straw, energy crops, slaughterhouse waste, grass–clover green manure, and household waste. The calculated effects of AD on the GHG balance of each scenario included fossil fuel substitution, energy use for transport, leakage of CH4 from biogas production plants, CH4 emissions during storage of animal manure and biowaste, N2O emissions from stored and field applied biomass, N2O emissions related to nitrate (NO3−) leaching and ammonia (NH3) losses, N2O emissions from cultivation of energy crops, and soil C sequestration. All scenarios caused significant reductions in GHG emissions. Most of the reductions resulted from fossil fuel substitution and reduced emissions of CH4 during storage of codigestates. The total reductions in GHG emissions ranged from 65 to 105 kg CO2-eq ton−1 biomass. This wide range showed the importance of biomass composition. Reductions were highest when straw and grass–clover were used as codigestates, whereas reductions per unit energy produced were highest when deep litter or deep litter plus energy crops were used. Potential effects of iLUC were ignored but may have a negative impact on the GHG balance when using energy crops, and this may potentially exceed the calculated positive climate impacts of biogas production. The ammonia emission potential of digestate applied in the field is higher than that from cattle slurry and pig slurry because of the higher pH of the digestate. This effect, and the higher content of TAN in digestate, resulted in increasing ammonia emissions at 0.14 to 0.3 kg NH3-N ton−1 biomass. Nitrate leaching was reduced in all scenarios and ranged from 0.04 to 0.45 kg NO3-N ton−1 biomass. In the scenario in which maize silage was introduced, the maize production increased leaching and almost negated the effect of AD. Methane leakage caused a 7% reduction in the positive climate impact for each percentage point of leakage in a manure-based biogas scenario.
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Thompson RL, Groot Zwaaftink CD, Brunner D, Tsuruta A, Aalto T, Raivonen M, Crippa M, Solazzo E, Guizzardi D, Regnier P, Maisonnier M. Effects of extreme meteorological conditions in 2018 on European methane emissions estimated using atmospheric inversions. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20200443. [PMID: 34865527 PMCID: PMC8646144 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the 2018 extreme meteorological conditions in Europe on methane (CH4) emissions is examined using estimates from four atmospheric inversions calculated for the period 2005-2018. For most of Europe, we find no anomaly in 2018 compared to the 2005-2018 mean. However, we find a positive anomaly for the Netherlands in April, which coincided with positive temperature and soil moisture anomalies suggesting an increase in biogenic sources. We also find a negative anomaly for the Netherlands for September-October, which coincided with a negative anomaly in soil moisture, suggesting a decrease in soil sources. In addition, we find a positive anomaly for Serbia in spring, summer and autumn, which coincided with increases in temperature and soil moisture, again suggestive of changes in biogenic sources, and the annual emission for 2018 was 33 ± 38% higher than the 2005-2017 mean. These results indicate that CH4 emissions from areas where the natural source is thought to be relatively small can still vary due to meteorological conditions. At the European scale though, the degree of variability over 2005-2018 was small, and there was negligible impact on the annual CH4 emissions in 2018 despite the extreme meteorological conditions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Thompson
- NILU – Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - D. Brunner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A. Tsuruta
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Aalto
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Raivonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Crippa
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - E. Solazzo
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - D. Guizzardi
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P. Regnier
- Biogeochemistry and Modeling of the Earth System (BGEOSYS), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Maisonnier
- Biogeochemistry and Modeling of the Earth System (BGEOSYS), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Hu Y, Khomenko O, Shi W, Velasco-Sánchez Á, Ashekuzzaman SM, Bennegadi-Laurent N, Daly K, Fenton O, Healy MG, Leahy JJ, Sørensen P, Sommer SG, Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I. Systematic Review of Dairy Processing Sludge and Secondary STRUBIAS Products Used in Agriculture. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.763020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide dairy processing plants produce high volumes of dairy processing sludge (DPS), which can be converted into secondary derivatives such as struvite, biochar and ash (collectively termed STRUBIAS). All of these products have high fertilizer equivalent values (FEV), but future certification as phosphorus (P)-fertilizers in the European Union will mean they need to adhere to new technical regulations for fertilizing materials i.e., content limits pertaining to heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn), synthetic organic compounds and pathogens. This systematic review presents the current state of knowledge about these bio-based fertilizers and identifies knowledge gaps. In addition, a review and calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from a range of concept dairy sludge management and production systems for STRUBIAS products [i.e., biochar from pyrolysis and hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)] is presented. Results from the initial review showed that DPS composition depends on product type and treatment processes at a given processing plant, which leads to varied nutrient, heavy metal and carbon contents. These products are all typically high in nutrients and carbon, but low in heavy metals. Further work needs to concentrate on examining their pathogenic microorganism and emerging contaminant contents, in addition to conducting an economic assessment of production and end-user costs related to chemical fertilizer equivalents. With respect to STRUBIAS products, contaminants not present in the raw DPS may need further treatment before being land applied in agriculture e.g., heated producing ashes, hydrochar, or biochar. An examination of these products from an environmental perspective shows that their water quality footprint could be minimized using application rates based on P incorporation of these products into nutrient management planning and application by incorporation into the soil. Results from the concept system showed that elimination of methane emissions was possible, along with a reduction in nitrous oxide. Less carbon (C) is transferred to agricultural fields where DPS is processed into biochar and hydrochar, but due to high recalcitrance, the C in this form is retained much longer in the soil, and therefore STRUBIAS products represent a more stable and long-term option to increase soil C stocks and sequestration.
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Dalby FR, Hafner SD, Petersen SO, VanderZaag AC, Habtewold J, Dunfield K, Chantigny MH, Sommer SG. Understanding methane emission from stored animal manure: A review to guide model development. J Environ Qual 2021; 50:817-835. [PMID: 34021608 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
National inventories of methane (CH4 ) emission from manure management are based on guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change using country-specific emission factors. These calculations must be simple and, consequently, the effects of management practices and environmental conditions are only crudely represented in the calculations. The intention of this review is to develop a detailed understanding necessary for developing accurate models for calculating CH4 emission from liquid manure, with particular focus on the microbiological conversion of organic matter to CH4 . Themes discussed are (a) the liquid manure environment; (b) methane production processes from a modeling perspective; (c) development and adaptation of methanogenic communities; (d) mass and electron conservation; (e) steps limiting CH4 production; (f) inhibition of methanogens; (g) temperature effects on CH4 production; and (h) limits of existing estimation approaches. We conclude that a model must include calculation of microbial response to variations in manure temperature, substrate availability and age, and management system, because these variables substantially affect CH4 production. Methane production can be reduced by manipulating key variables through management procedures, and the effects may be taken into account by including a microbial component in the model. When developing new calculation procedures, it is important to include reasonably accurate algorithms of microbial adaptation. This review presents concepts for these calculations and ideas for how these may be carried out. A need for better quantification of hydrolysis kinetics is identified, and the importance of short- and long-term microbial adaptation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R Dalby
- Dep. of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus Univ., Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
| | - Sasha D Hafner
- Dep. of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus Univ., Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
- Hafner Consulting LLC, Reston, VA, 20191, USA
| | | | - Andrew C VanderZaag
- Ottawa Research and Development Ctr., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jemaneh Habtewold
- Ottawa Research and Development Ctr., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Martin H Chantigny
- Quebec Research and Development Ctr., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, QC, G1V 2J3, Canada
| | - Sven G Sommer
- Dep. of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus Univ., Aarhus, 8200, Denmark
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13
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Dalby FR, Hafner SD, Petersen SO, Vanderzaag A, Habtewold J, Dunfield K, Chantigny MH, Sommer SG. A mechanistic model of methane emission from animal slurry with a focus on microbial groups. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252881. [PMID: 34111183 PMCID: PMC8191904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid manure (slurry) from livestock releases methane (CH4) that contributes significantly to global warming. Existing models for slurry CH4 production-used for mitigation and inventories-include effects of organic matter loading, temperature, and retention time but cannot predict important effects of management, or adequately capture essential temperature-driven dynamics. Here we present a new model that includes multiple methanogenic groups whose relative abundance shifts in response to changes in temperature or other environmental conditions. By default, the temperature responses of five groups correspond to those of four methanogenic species and one uncultured methanogen, although any number of groups could be defined. We argue that this simple mechanistic approach is able to describe both short- and long-term responses to temperature where other existing approaches fall short. The model is available in the open-source R package ABM (https://github.com/sashahafner/ABM) as a single flexible function that can include effects of slurry management (e.g., removal frequency and treatment methods) and changes in environmental conditions over time. Model simulations suggest that the reduction of CH4 emission by frequent emptying of slurry pits is due to washout of active methanogens. Application of the model to represent a full-scale slurry storage tank showed it can reproduce important trends, including a delayed response to temperature changes. However, the magnitude of predicted emission is uncertain, primarily as a result of sensitivity to the hydrolysis rate constant, due to a wide range in reported values. Results indicated that with additional work-particularly on the magnitude of hydrolysis rate-the model could be a tool for estimation of CH4 emissions for inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R. Dalby
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
| | - Sasha D. Hafner
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hafner Consulting LLC, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
| | | | - Andrew Vanderzaag
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jemaneh Habtewold
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Martin H. Chantigny
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sven G. Sommer
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
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Vibart R, de Klein C, Jonker A, van der Weerden T, Bannink A, Bayat AR, Crompton L, Durand A, Eugène M, Klumpp K, Kuhla B, Lanigan G, Lund P, Ramin M, Salazar F. Challenges and opportunities to capture dietary effects in on-farm greenhouse gas emissions models of ruminant systems. Sci Total Environ 2021; 769:144989. [PMID: 33485195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews existing on-farm GHG accounting models for dairy cattle systems and their ability to capture the effect of dietary strategies in GHG abatement. The focus is on methane (CH4) emissions from enteric and manure (animal excreta) sources and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal excreta. We identified three generic modelling approaches, based on the degree to which models capture diet-related characteristics: from 'none' (Type 1) to 'some' by combining key diet parameters with emission factors (EF) (Type 2) to 'many' by using process-based modelling (Type 3). Most of the selected on-farm GHG models have adopted a Type 2 approach, but a few hybrid Type 2 / Type 3 approaches have been developed recently that combine empirical modelling (through the use of CH4 and/or N2O emission factors; EF) and process-based modelling (mostly through rumen and whole tract fermentation and digestion). Empirical models comprising key dietary inputs (i.e., dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility) can predict CH4 and N2O emissions with reasonable accuracy. However, the impact of GHG mitigation strategies often needs to be assessed in a more integrated way, and Type 1 and Type 2 models frequently lack the biological foundation to do this. Only Type 3 models represent underlying mechanisms such as ruminal and total-tract digestive processes and excreta composition that can capture dietary effects on GHG emissions in a more biological manner. Overall, the better a model can simulate rumen function, the greater the opportunity to include diet characteristics in addition to commonly used variables, and thus the greater the opportunity to capture dietary mitigation strategies. The value of capturing the effect of additional animal feed characteristics on the prediction of on-farm GHG emissions needs to be carefully balanced against gains in accuracy, the need for additional input and activity data, and the variability encountered on-farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Vibart
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Cecile de Klein
- AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - Arjan Jonker
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ali R Bayat
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Les Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Maguy Eugène
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Katja Klumpp
- UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Gary Lanigan
- Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Johnstown Castle Environmental Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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15
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Cárdenas A, Ammon C, Schumacher B, Stinner W, Herrmann C, Schneider M, Weinrich S, Fischer P, Amon T, Amon B. Methane emissions from the storage of liquid dairy manure: Influences of season, temperature and storage duration. Waste Manag 2021; 121:393-402. [PMID: 33445112 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane emissions from livestock manure are primary contributors to GHG emissions from agriculture and options for their mitigation must be found. This paper presents the results of a study on methane emissions from stored liquid dairy cow manure during summer and winter storage periods. Manure from the summer and winter season was stored under controlled conditions in barrels at ambient temperature to simulate manure storage conditions. Methane emissions from the manure samples from the winter season were measured in two time periods: 0 to 69 and 0 to 139 days. For the summer storage period, the experiments covered four time periods: from 0 to 70, 0 to 138, 0 to 209, and 0 to 279 continuous days, with probing every 10 weeks. Additionally, at the end of all storage experiments, samples were placed into eudiometer batch digesters, and their methane emissions were measured at 20 °C for another 60 days to investigate the potential effect of the aging of the liquid manure on its methane emissions. The experiment showed that the methane emissions from manure stored in summer were considerably higher than those from manure stored in winter. CH4 production started after approximately one month, reaching values of 0.061 kg CH4 kg-1 Volatile Solid (VS) and achieving high total emissions of 0.148 kg CH4 kg-1 VS (40 weeks). In winter, the highest emissions level was 0.0011 kg CH4 kg-1 VS (20 weeks). The outcomes of these experimental measurements can be used to suggest strategies for mitigating methane emissions from manure storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Cárdenas
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Britt Schumacher
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Stinner
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcel Schneider
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sören Weinrich
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Fischer
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institut of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Poland
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16
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Rennie TJ, Grant BB, Gordon RJ, Smith WN, VanderZaag AC. Regional climate influences manure temperature and methane emissions - A pan-Canadian modelling assessment. Sci Total Environ 2021; 750:142278. [PMID: 33182183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the variation of liquid manure temperature (Tm) and CH4 emissions associated with contrasting regional climates, inter-annual weather variation, and manure storage emptying. As a case-study, six regions across Canada were used, spanning 11°32' latitude and 58°30' longitude. Annual average air temperatures ranged from 3.9 °C (prairie climate) to 10.5 °C (maritime climate), with an overall average of 6.6 °C. A model predicted Tm over 30 years, using daily weather (1971-2000), and over one "normal" year (30-year average weather). Modelled Tm was then used in Manure-DNDC to model daily CH4 emissions. Two manure storage emptying scenarios were simulated: (i) early spring and autumn, or (ii) late spring and autumn. Regional differences were evident as average Tm ranged from 8.9 °C to 14.6 °C across the six locations. Early removal of stored manure led to warmer Tm in all regions, and the most warming occurred in colder regions. Regional climate had a large effect on CH4 emissions (e.g. 1.8× greater in the pacific maritime and great lakes regions than the prairie region). Inter-annual weather variability led to substantial variation in inter-annual CH4 emissions, with coefficient of variation being as high as 20%. The large inter-annual range suggests that field measurements of CH4 emissions need to compare the weather during measurements to historical normals. Early manure storage emptying reduced CH4 emissions (vs late removal) in some regions but had little effect or the opposite effect in other regions. Overall, the results from this modelling study suggest: i) Tm differs substantially from air temperature at all locations, ii) accurate estimates of manure storage CH4 emissions require region-specific calculations using Tm (e.g. in emission inventories), iii) field measurements of CH4 emissions need to consider weather conditions relative to climate normal, and iv) emission mitigation practices will require region-specific measurements to determine impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Rennie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada
| | - Brian B Grant
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada
| | | | - Ward N Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada
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17
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Im S, Mostafa A, Shin SR, Kim DH. Combination of H 2SO 4-acidification and temperature-decrease for eco-friendly storage of pig slurry. J Hazard Mater 2020; 399:123063. [PMID: 32512282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economic benefit and efficiency, H2SO4-acidification is often applied for reducing CH4 emissions during storage of pig slurry (PS). However, it encounters with several problems related with safety and the concomitant H2S emissions. To reduce the required amount of H2SO4, in this study, the storage at low temperature (20-35 °C) was applied to the mild-acidified PS (pH 6.5 and 7.0). 55.1 kg CO2 eq./ton PS of CH4 was emitted from the control (non-acidified at 35 °C), which was reduced to 14.4-40.2 kg CO2 eq./ton PS at 20-30 °C. Temperature-decrease led to the increase of the abundance of methanogens (Methanobrevibacter and Methanolobus) that can grow at low temperature and the drop of specific methanogenic activity value. To achieve 70 % CH4 reduction, 1.6 kg H2SO4/ton PS was needed in PS acidification, which was decreased to 0.5 kg H2SO4/ton PS by decreasing temperature from 35 °C to 25 °C. CH4 production potential of the PS stored at 35 °C-pH 6.5 and 25 °C-pH 7.0 was increased by 21-33 % compared to the control. The GHG reduction of 33.6-41.9 kg CO2 eq./ton PS and the profit of 6.6 USD/ton PS could be attained by applying acidification or combined storage, indicating that the temperature-decrease can be effectively combined with H2SO4-acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Im
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryong Shin
- Process design team, JEON TECH. Co., Ltd., 77 Haenggung-ro, Paldal-gu, Suwon 16261, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Im S, Petersen SO, Lee D, Kim DH. Effects of storage temperature on CH 4 emissions from cattle manure and subsequent biogas production potential. Waste Manag 2020; 101:35-43. [PMID: 31586875 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CH4 is one of the main greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated from agricultural sector, and a significant amount of it is emitted during the storage of livestock manure. To mitigate the CH4 emissions, strong acid addition to the manure was attempted, which is only applicable to slurry-type manure. On the other hand, lowering the storage temperature could be an effective method to reduce the CH4 emissions, particularly applicable to solid-type manure. In this study, cattle manure (CM) with a high-solid content (TS > 30%) was stored at different temperatures (15-35 °C) for 80 d. The highest CH4 emissions of 375.1 kg CO2 eq./ton VS was observed at 35 °C, and this was reduced to less than half at ≤20 °C. Like the difference in CH4 emissions, the degradation of organic matter showed a similar trend. The maximum VS reduction of 29% was observed at 35 °C, while only 8% reduction was observed at 15 °C. Results from microbial community analyses and specific methanogenic activity tests indicated that hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the dominant indigenous CH4-producers, and the abundance of psychrophilic methanogens increased with decreasing temperature. The conservation of organic matter at low temperature led to an increase in biogas production potential from 25 to 43 L CH4/kg CM. It was calculated that the GHGs emissions from electricity consumption for cooling CM below 25 °C can be offset by mitigating CH4 emissions during storage but increasing in subsequent biogas production potential of CM. Compared at 35 °C, 91.6 kg CO2 eq./ton CM of GHGs reduction can be attained at 15 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Im
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro 100, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro 100, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Guo G, Chen Y, Tian F, Gao Z, Zhu C, Liu C. Effects of livestock manure properties and temperature on the methanogen community composition and methane production during storage. Environ Technol 2020; 41:131-140. [PMID: 30134773 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1491640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Livestock slurry stored in ponds is an important source of methane emission, which is influenced by environmental factors. In this study, the effect of slurry properties and temperature on methane flux and methanogen community composition was investigated. The methanogen community composition in swine slurry was more sensitive to temperature and significantly different from that of cattle slurry (ANOSIM, P < 0.05), especially for the phylotypes affiliated with Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculaceae and Methanocorpusculum. These different methanogen communities partially accounted for the differences in methane flux between swine and cattle slurries. Methanogen abundance seemed to not be affected by slurry properties or temperature, but the mcrA (encoding the alpha subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase) transcript/gene ratio was significantly increased at 30°C and was higher in swine slurry than in cattle slurry (t-test, P < 0.05). This study reveals that higher temperatures increased methane production by promoting the transcription of mcrA rather than by increasing methanogen cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tian
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenduo Gao
- Zhongtian Silk Co., Ltd, Dandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hupfauf S, Plattner P, Wagner AO, Kaufmann R, Insam H, Podmirseg SM. Temperature shapes the microbiota in anaerobic digestion and drives efficiency to a maximum at 45 °C. Bioresour Technol 2018; 269:309-318. [PMID: 30195223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Throwing longstanding habits over the pile may be necessary to improve biogas production, in particular when it comes to the process temperature. Its effect on biogas production was investigated with lab-scale reactors operated in fed-batch mode (cattle slurry and maize straw) at 10-55 °C over six months. Biochemical and microbial changes were comprehensively investigated. Production was highest and most efficient at 45 °C with an average methane yield of 166 NL kg-1 VS, and thus 12.8% and 9.6% higher than at 37 and 55 °C. Temperature significantly affected the microbiota and higher temperature provoked a shift from Bacteroidetes/Proteobacteria to Firmicutes. A transition from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogenesis was observed from 10 to 45 °C, while the trend was reversed at 55 °C. The results contest the textbook notion of preferred and most efficient temperatures for AD and suggest reconsideration of the temperature range around 45 °C for efficient manure-based co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hupfauf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Pia Plattner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Otto Wagner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Kaufmann
- Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Marie Podmirseg
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Feng L, Ward AJ, Moset V, Møller HB. Methane emission during on-site pre-storage of animal manure prior to anaerobic digestion at biogas plant: Effect of storage temperature and addition of food waste. J Environ Manage 2018; 225:272-279. [PMID: 30098493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the temperature dependency of CH4 emission from pre-storage of animal manure prior to anaerobic digestion at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C using lab-scale anaerobic digesters. The manure was added and removed daily to simulate the pre-storage process at biogas plants. CH4 emission accounted for 1-46% of total CH4 potential from pig manure (PM) and 1-2% of that from cattle manure (CM) at the investigated temperatures, with significant increases above 25 °C. Addition of food waste (FW) reduced the CH4 emission when storage temperature was 20 °C or lower for PM and 25 °C or lower for CM due to volatile fatty acid accumulation and lower pH (<5.5) but emissions increased with higher storage temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Alastair James Ward
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Veronica Moset
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bjarne Møller
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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22
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Petersen SO. Greenhouse gas emissions from liquid dairy manure: Prediction and mitigation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6642-6654. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Khan MA, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Liu Y, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Deng LJ, Wang J, Wu Y. Optimization of process parameters for production of volatile fatty acid, biohydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2016; 219:738-748. [PMID: 27570139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion process has been primarily utilized for methane containing biogas production over the past few years. However, the digestion process could also be optimized for producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and biohydrogen. This is the first review article that combines the optimization approaches for all three possible products from the anaerobic digestion. In this review study, the types and configurations of the bioreactor are discussed for each type of product. This is followed by a review on optimization of common process parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, retention time and organic loading rate) separately for the production of VFA, biohydrogen and methane. This review also includes additional parameters, treatment methods or special additives that wield a significant and positive effect on production rate and these products' yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - L D Nghiem
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - F I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - L J Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - J Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Y Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Petersen SO, Olsen AB, Elsgaard L, Triolo JM, Sommer SG. Estimation of Methane Emissions from Slurry Pits below Pig and Cattle Confinements. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160968. [PMID: 27529692 PMCID: PMC4986936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying in-house emissions of methane (CH4) from liquid manure (slurry) is difficult due to high background emissions from enteric processes, yet of great importance for correct estimation of CH4 emissions from manure management and effects of treatment technologies such as anaerobic digestion. In this study CH4 production rates were determined in 20 pig slurry and 11 cattle slurry samples collected beneath slatted floors on six representative farms; rates were determined within 24 h at temperatures close to the temperature in slurry pits at the time of collection. Methane production rates in pig and cattle slurry differed significantly at 0.030 and 0.011 kg CH4 kg-1 VS (volatile solids). Current estimates of CH4 emissions from pig and cattle manure management correspond to 0.032 and 0.015 kg CH4 kg-1, respectively, indicating that slurry pits under animal confinements are a significant source. Fractions of degradable volatile solids (VSd, kg kg-1 VS) were estimated using an aerobic biodegradability assay and total organic C analyses. The VSd in pig and cattle slurry averaged 0.51 and 0.33 kg kg-1 VS, and it was estimated that on average 43 and 28% of VSd in fresh excreta from pigs and cattle, respectively, had been lost at the time of sampling. An empirical model of CH4 emissions from slurry was reparameterised based on experimental results. A sensitivity analysis indicated that predicted CH4 emissions were highly sensitive to uncertainties in the value of lnA of the Arrhenius equation, but much less sensitive to uncertainties in VSd or slurry temperature. A model application indicated that losses of carbon in VS as CO2 may be much greater than losses as CH4. Implications of these results for the correct estimation of CH4 emissions from manure management, and for the mitigation potential of treatments such as anaerobic digestion, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren O. Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne B. Olsen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lars Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jin Mi Triolo
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sven G. Sommer
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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