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Ding W, Fan X, Zhou X, Liu R, Chen C, Jin W, Sun J, Li X, Jiang G, Liu H. Performance and mechanisms of zero valent iron enhancing short-chain fatty acids production during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169025. [PMID: 38056647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This work first explored the feasibility and possible mechanisms of zero valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment on the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). Results showed that ZVI enhanced the quantity of SCFAs. On Day 6, the SCFAs production reached 455.84 ± 47.88 mg COD/g VSS at 5 g/L of ZVI addition, which increased by 63.80 % relative to control. The presence of ZVI can effectively promote butyric-based fermentation. ZVI accelerated the destruction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and interior sludge cells, as well as improved biodegradation of soluble organics. Also, ZVI enhanced key enzyme activities (i.e., BK and CoA-), thus promoting degradation rates of acidogenesis (6.30 ± 0.84 mg/(gVSS·h) in glucose) and acetogenesis (74.63 ± 0.29 mg/(gVSS·h) in butyrate). Compared to Fe(III), the contribution of Fe(II) was higher among the decomposition products of ZVI. Besides, ZVI favored Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which enhanced acetate formation and organic compounds disassimilation of the process, respectively. The abundance of Tepidiphilus, Thermobrachium and Tepidimicrobium was increased, indicating promoting the system stability of SCFAs production in thermophilic anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiumin Fan
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Intelligent Management and Control Center, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ruining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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2
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Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ye B, Tang M, You F, Li X, Yang Q, Wang D, Duan A, Liu J. Synergic effects of free ammonia and sodium percarbonate for enhancing short-chain fatty acid production during sludge fermentation: Effectiveness assessment and mechanism elucidation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 911:168796. [PMID: 38000738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) via anaerobic fermentation is typically restricted by poor sludge decomposition capacity and low substrate-availability. Therefore, the free ammonia (FA)‑sodium percarbonate (SPC) technology was presented to successfully overcome the limitation while addressing unsatisfactory acidogenic fermentation pretreated with sole FA or SPC. It revealed that FA + SPC co-pretreatment could boost the SCFA concentration to 347.1 mg COD/g VSS at 180 mg/L FA and 0.15 g/g TSS SPC. In-depth studies demonstrated that FA + SPC pretreatment greatly improved sludge disintegration, biodegradability of substrates and acidification of hydrolysis products. Furthermore, FA + SPC co-pretreatment stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and acidogenic enzymes but inhibited methanogenic enzymes while changing the microbial structure and promoting the enrichment of fermentation microorganisms. The synergistic effect of FA and SPC in this work improves the yield of SCFAs from WAS and facilitates the study of WAS carbon resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintong Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Boqun Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mengge Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Fengyuan You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Junwu Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Mining Site Pollution Remediation, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Mineo A, Di Leto Y, Cosenza A, Capri FC, Gallo G, Alduina R, Ni BJ, Mannina G. Enhancing volatile fatty acid production from sewage sludge in batch fermentation tests. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140859. [PMID: 38048828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFA) from sewage sludge represent an excellent recovered resource from wastewater treatment. This study investigated four sludge pre-treatments (namely, potassium permanganate - KMnO4, initial pH = 10, initial pH = 2.5 and low-temperature thermal hydrolysis) by operating batch reactors under acidogenic fermentation conditions. Results revealed that 0.1 g KMnO4/g of total suspended solids represents the best pre-treatment obtaining up to 2713 mgCOD L-1 and 452 mgCOD/g of volatile suspended solids. These results also paralleled metataxonomic analysis highlighting changes in prokaryotic microbial structures of sewage sludge of the batch fermentations subjected to the different pre-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mineo
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 8, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ylenia Di Leto
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 8, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fanny Claire Capri
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 8, Palermo, Italy.
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Tang CC, Zhang M, Wang B, Zou ZS, Yao XY, Zhou AJ, Liu W, Ren YX, Li ZH, Wang A, He ZW. Contribution identification of hydrolyzed products of potassium ferrate on promoting short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118886. [PMID: 37673008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) has been extensively employed to promote short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) because of its potent oxidizing property and formation of alkaline hydrolyzed products (potassium hydroxide, KOH and ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)3). However, whether K2FeO4 actually works as dual functions of both an oxidizing agent and an alkalinity enhancer during the anaerobic fermentation process remains uncertain. This study aims to identify the contributions of hydrolyzed products of K2FeO4 on SCFAs production. The results showed that K2FeO4 did not execute dual functions of oxidization and alkalinity in promoting SCFAs production. The accumulation of SCFAs using K2FeO4 treatment (183 mg COD/g volatile suspended solids, VSS) was less than that using either KOH (192 mg COD/g VSS) or KOH & Fe(OH)3 (210 mg COD/g VSS). The mechanism analysis indicated that the synergistic effects caused by oxidization and alkalinity properties of K2FeO4 did not happen on solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidogenesis stages, and the inhibition effect caused by K2FeO4 on methanogenesis stage at the initial phase was more severe than that of its hydrolyzed products. It was also noted that the inhibition effects of K2FeO4 and its hydrolyzed products on the methanogenesis stage could be relieved during a longer sludge retention time, and the final methane yields using KOH or KOH & Fe(OH)3 treatment were higher than that using K2FeO4, further confirming that dual functions of K2FeO4 were not obtained. Therefore, K2FeO4 may not be an alternative strategy for enhancing the production of SCFAs from WAS compared to its alkaline hydrolyzed products. Regarding the strong oxidization property of K2FeO4, more attention could be turned to the fates of refractory organics in the anaerobic fermentation of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zheng-Shuo Zou
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xing-Ye Yao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ai-Juan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
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5
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Jiang N, Zhang A, Miruka AC, Wang L, Li X, Xue G, Liu Y. Synergistic effects and mechanisms of plasma coupled with peracetic acid in enhancing short-chain fatty acid production from sludge: Motivation of reactive species and metabolic tuning of microbial communities. Bioresour Technol 2023; 387:129618. [PMID: 37544535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Suitable waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatments that boost short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from anaerobic fermentation are essential for carbon emission reduction and sludge resource utilization. This study established an efficient WAS pretreatment process combining atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) with peracetic acid (PAA). The maximum SCFA production (6.5-fold that of the control) largely increased under the optimal conditions (PAA dosage = 25 mg/g VSS (volatile suspended solids), energy consumption = 20.9 kWh/m3). APPJ/PAA pretreatment enhanced the production of multiple reactive species (including OH, CH3C(O)O, 1O2, ONOO-, O2-, and eaq-) and strengthened the effects of H2O2, heat, and light. This synergistically solubilized WAS and released organic substrates for SCFA-producing microbes. In addition, the enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria and the decrease in SCFA-consuming bacteria favored SCFA accumulation. The key genes encoding for the main substrate metabolism and SCFA production in the metabolic pathway of fermentation were also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Circular Economy Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Andere Clement Miruka
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Circular Economy Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai 201620, China
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6
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Xiang Z, Huang X, Chen H, Liu B, Liu Z, Dong W, Wang H. Insights into thermal hydrolysis pretreatment temperature for enhancing volatile fatty acids production from sludge fermentation: Performance and mechanism. Bioresour Technol 2023; 379:129032. [PMID: 37031805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the impact of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) temperature on the unclear mechanisms of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, four groups were established with different temperatures (100, 120, 140 and 160 °C), and high throughput sequencing technology was utilized. The results indicated that the optimal VFAs production occurred at 140 °C. Moreover, as the THP temperature increased, the proportion of acetic acid also increased, accounting for 10.8% to 26.7% of the VFAs, compared to only 4.9% in the control group. Mechanism investigations revealed that THP facilitated the hydrolysis and release of biodegradable organic matter. Moreover, the abundance of VFAs production and hydrolytic microorganisms and related metabolic functional genes expression were evidently improved by THP. Overall, this study deepens the understanding of the mechanisms through which different THP temperatures stimulate the production of VFAs through acidogenic fermentation, providing technical support for future THP application in sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hanfeng Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Biming Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Gumerova NI, Rompel A. Speciation atlas of polyoxometalates in aqueous solutions. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi0814. [PMID: 37343109 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Speciation is the key parameter in solution chemistry that describes the composition, concentration, and oxidation state of each chemical form of an element present in a sample. The speciation study of complex polyatomic ions has remained challenging because of the large number of factors affecting stability and the limited number of direct methods. To address these challenges, we developed the speciation atlas of 10 polyoxometalates commonly used in catalytic and biological applications in aqueous solutions, where the speciation atlas provides both a species distribution database and a predictive model for other polyoxometalates to be used. Compiled for six different polyoxometalate archetypes with three types of addenda ions based on 1309 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra under 54 different conditions, the atlas has revealed a previously unknown behavior of polyoxometalates that may account for their potency as biological agents and catalysts. The atlas is intended to promote the interdisciplinary use of metal oxides in various scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiia I Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Zhang X, Huang X, Li X, Zhang J, Tang M, Liu X, Wang D, Yang Q, Duan A, Liu J. Performance and mechanisms of citric acid improving biotransformation of waste activated sludge into short-chain fatty acids. Bioresour Technol 2023; 373:128754. [PMID: 36801444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous effective chemical strategies have been explored for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS), but many technologies have been questioned due to the chemical residues. This study proposed a citric acid (CA) treatment strategy for improving SCFAs production from WAS. The optimum SCFAs yield reached 384.4 mg COD/g VSS with 0.08 g CA/g TSS addition. Meanwhile, CA biodegradation occurred and its contribution to the yield of total SCFAs, especially acetic acid, cannot be ignored. Intensive exploration indicated the sludge decomposition, the biodegradability of fermentation substrates, as well as the abundance of fermenting microorganisms were definitely enhanced in the existence of CA. The optimization of SCFAs production techniques based on this study deserved further study. This study comprehensively revealed the performance and mechanisms of CA enhancing biotransformation of WAS into SCFAs and the findings promotes the research of carbon resource recovery from sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoding Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anhui 246011, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aqueous Environment Protection and Pollution Control of Yangtze River of Anhui Provincial Education Department, Anqing, Anhui 246011, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mengge Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Junwu Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Mining Site Pollution Remediation, Changsha 410082, PR China
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9
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng K, Tian L, Zhu T, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Enhancing methane production from waste activated sludge with heat-assisted potassium ferrate (PF) pretreatment: Reaction kinetics and mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160441. [PMID: 36436650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work proposed a novel strategy via heat-assisted potassium ferrate (PF) pretreatment to enhance methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) during anaerobic digestion. In this research, five dosages of PF (i.e., 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g/g VSS) at two temperatures (i.e., 25 °C and 55 °C) were explored. Biochemical methane potential experiments illustrated that heat-assisted PF pretreatment improved cumulative methane production with the maximum yield up to 163.93 mL CH4/g VSS, 149.0 %, 119.6 % and 121.0 % of that in the control, individual 0.5 g PF/g VSS and individual heat (i.e., 55 °C) pretreatment digesters, respectively. The maximum methane potential (B0) was promoted by 63.2 % with heat-assisted PF pretreatment compared to the control, while the hydrolysis rate (k) changed slightly. Mechanism analysis revealed that heat-assisted PF pretreatment accelerated WAS solubilization and enhanced the biodegradability of released substances, providing more available matrix for bacteria during the following anaerobic digestion processes. Microbial community analysis exhibited that several microbes such as Proteiniclasticum sp., Sedimentibacter sp. and Methanosaeta sp. associated with hydrolysis, acidification and methanogenesis respectively were improved after heat-assisted PF pretreatment. In addition, the relative bioactivities of protease, butyrate kinase and acetate kinase were also increased. Furthermore, variation of dominant genes associated with methane production indicated that acetate-dependent methanogenesis was the main pathway while CO2-dependent methanogenesis pathway was inhibited by heat-assisted PF pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Kaixin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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10
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Zhao Y, Jia X, Wang Q, Wu Y, Jia Z, Zhou X, Ji M. PMo 12 as a redox mediator for bio-reduction of Cr(VI): Promotor or inhibitor? Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:159896. [PMID: 36336043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Slow reduction rate and low reduction ability were the main limitations of bio-reduction of Cr(VI). As an efficient redox mediator, how phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) affected bio-reduction of Cr(VI) was worthy of exploration. In this study, short-term and long-term effects of PMo12 on Cr(VI) reduction were investigated to reveal the relevant mechanism. After evaluating the short-term effect of PMo12 concentration from 0.05 to 1.00 mM on Cr(VI) bio-reduction, 0.50 mM was found to be optimum by improving Cr(VI) reduction rate by 16.3 % and microbial electron transport system activity (ETSA) by 43.0 % with Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of 100 % in short-term (22 h) batch experiments. By contrast, in long-term (28 days) continuous flow experiments, 0.50 mM PMo12 exhibited serious inhibition on Cr(VI) bio-reduction. The cumulative toxicity of Mo, strong oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species increased by 16.5 %), the inhibition of extracellular polymeric substances production and the reduction of microbial activity were proved to be the main inhibition mechanism. In terms of microbial electron transport system, the main electron carriers including flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nitrate reductase (NAR), nitrite reductase (NIR) were seriously inhibited. BugBase analysis confirmed that the relative abundance of biofilm forming bacteria decreased after PMo12 addition, and the relative abundance of oxidative stress tolerance bacteria continued to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xvlong Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yichen Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zichen Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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11
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Zheng K, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu T, Chen X, Zhao Y, Sun P, Tong Y, Liu Y. Enhanced methane production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by combining ultrasound with potassium permanganate pretreatment. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159331. [PMID: 36220480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ultrasound (US) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) co-pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated in this survey. Results showed that KMnO4 (0.3 g/g TSS) cooperated with US (1 W/mL, 15 min) pretreatment significantly increased the cumulative methane yield to 174.44 ± 3.65 mL/g VS compared to the control group (108.72 ± 2.56 mL/g VS), solo US (125.39 ± 2.56 mL/g VS), and solo KMnO4 pretreatment group (160.83 ± 1.61 mL/g VS). Mechanistic investigation revealed that US combined with KMnO4 pretreatment effectively disrupted the structure of extracellular polymeric substances and cell walls by generating reactive radicals, accelerating the release of organics and hydrolytic enzymes as well as improving the biodegradability of soluble organics. Modeling analysis illustrated that the biochemical methane potential and hydrolysis rate of WAS were enhanced under US + KMnO4 pretreatment. Microbial community distribution indicated that the co-pretreatment of US and KMnO4 elevated the total relative abundance of functional microorganisms associated with anaerobic digestion (22.01 %) compared to the control (10.69 %), US alone (12.24 %) and KMnO4 alone (16.20 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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12
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Guan D, Wang Y, Fu Z, Sun Y, Wang D, Zhang H. New insights into mechanism of emerging pollutant polybrominated diphenyl ether inhibiting sludge dark fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2023; 368:128358. [PMID: 36414141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), derived from electronics, furniture, etc., are detected with high level in excess sludge (ES). In this work, the influence of PBDEs on ES dark fermentation (ESDF) hydrogen production and the related key mechanisms were explored. The result shows PBDEs exposure reduced hydrogen production, and hydrogen accumulation decreased from 17.6 mL/g in blank to 12.3 mL/g with 12.0 mg/Kg PBDEs. PBDEs induced the reactive oxygen species production, which directly led to cell inactivation and reduced hydrogen production. Furthermore, PBDEs decreased ES disintegration, hydrolysis, acidification and homoacetogenic processes and inhibited the activities of enzymes related to hydrogen production. PBDEs also affected the diversity and richness of microbial communities in dark fermentation systems, especially high doses of PBDEs reduced the relative abundance of microorganisms associated with hydrogen production. In conclusion, PBDEs reduce hydrogen generation from ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Hongying Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Dezheng Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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13
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Guo H, Tian L, Wang Y, Zheng K, Hou J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu Y. Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge with periodate-based pretreatment. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2023; 13:100208. [PMID: 36388632 PMCID: PMC9640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of periodate (PI) in sludge anaerobic digestion is not tapped, although it has recently attracted great research interest in organic contaminants removal and pathogens inactivation in wastewater treatment. This is the first work to demonstrate significant improvement in methane generation from waste activated sludge (WAS) with PI pretreatment and to provide underlying mechanisms. Biochemical methane potential tests indicated that methane yield enhanced from 100.2 to 146.3 L per kg VS (VS, volatile solids) with PI dosages from 0 to 100 mg per g TS (TS, total solids). Electron spin resonance showed PI could be activated without extra activator addition, which might be attributed to the native transition metals (e.g., Fe2+) in WAS, thereby generating hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2 -), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Further scavenging tests demonstrated all of them synergistically promoted WAS disintegration, and their contributions were in the order of •O2 - > •OH > 1O2, leading to the release of substantial biodegradable substances (i.e., proteins and polysaccharides) into the liquid phase for subsequent biotransformation. Moreover, fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy analyses indicated the recalcitrant organics (especially lignocellulose and humus) could be degraded by reducing their aromaticity under oxidative stress of PI, thus readily for methanogenesis. Microbial community analysis revealed some microorganisms participating in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetoclastic methanogenesis were enriched after PI pretreatment. The improved key enzyme activities and up-regulated metabolic pathways further provided direct evidence for enhanced methane production. This research was expected to broaden the application scope of PI and provide more diverse pretreatment choices for energy recovery through anaerobic digestion.
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Tian L, Guo H, Wang Y, Hou J, Zhu T, Tong Y, Sun P, Liu Y. Unveiling the Mechanism of Urine Source Separation-Derived Pretreatment on Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acid Yields from Anaerobic Fermentation of Waste Activated Sludge. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16178-16188. [PMID: 36318116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy employing urine wastewater derived from source separation technology, to pretreat waste activated sludge (WAS) for promoting yields of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has been proposed in this study. It was found experimentally that SCFA production could ascend up to 305.4 mg COD/g VSS (volatile suspended solids) with a urine volumetric proportion of 1:2 to the whole reaction system, being 8.8 times that produced in the control. Exploration of the mechanism indicated that WAS disintegration was significantly enhanced due to the synergistic effect of urea and free ammonia (FA). Degradation rates of model organic substrates and measurements of critical enzymatic activities demonstrated that hydrolysis and acidogenesis were inhibited under high urine content (urine proportion of 1:2), while not significantly affected under low urine content (i.e., 1:4), which might be attributed to metal ions existing in urine wastes alleviating the inhibition induced by FA. In contrast, methanogenesis was negatively suppressed by any urine concentration owing to its higher sensitivity to the environmental variations. Shift of microbial population further elucidated the abundance of hydrolytic and acidogenic microbes were enriched in the fermenters with urine addition. The findings provide a new thought for recovering resources from wastes, potentially reducing the pressure of sewage and sludge treatment in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
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15
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Zhang Q, Cheng X, Wang F, Fang S, Zhang L, Huang W, Fang F, Cao J, Luo J. Unveiling the behaviors and mechanisms of percarbonate on the sludge anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids production. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156054. [PMID: 35595140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Percarbonate (PC), as a cheap and environmental-friendly chemical oxidant, has been applied extensively in various fields. However, the impacts of PC on the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation process are unknown. This study mainly aimed to investigate its effects on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and disclose the underlying mechanisms. Results indicated that the maximal VFAs yield at 0.3 g PC/g TSS within 4 d was 1452.9 mg COD/L while it was only 296.4 mg COD/L in the control at the fermentation time of 6 d. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that PC treatment substantially promoted the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) disruption and cell lysis, and meanwhile improved the biodegradability of released organics, thereby providing more bio-availability substrates for further acidogenic metabolic processes. Moreover, the abundance of fermentative microorganisms (i.e., Proteiniclasticum) and the microbial activities correlated with substrates metabolism and VFAs biosynthesis (i.e. hydrolases and metabolic genetic expression levels) were also evidently improved by the PC. This work provides a feasible method for improving the resource recovery from WAS and discloses the responses of the microbial community to chemicals stimulus for the regulations of the biochemical fermentation process in anaerobic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China.
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16
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Du Y, Yang C, Ren D, Shao H, Zhao Y, Yang X. Fu brick tea alleviates alcoholic liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota-liver axis and inhibiting the hepatic TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:9391-9406. [PMID: 35959866 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study first evaluated the protective effects of Fu brick tea water extracts (FTE) on alcoholic liver injury and its underlying mechanism in C57BL/6J mice. Oral administration of FTE by oral gavage (400 mg per kg bw) for 12 weeks significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorder, reduced the activities of serum ALT and AST, decreased the expression of the liver CYP2E1 gene, and enhanced the antioxidant capacities of the livers in alcohol-fed mice (p < 0.05). FTE also relieved alcohol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting the proliferation of probiotics such as Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus, and subsequently increased the cecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and decreased the tryptophan content of alcohol-fed mice (p < 0.05). Importantly, FTE was found to improve the alcohol-impaired gut barrier function by up-regulating the expression of the epithelial tight junction protein. Accordingly, FTE decreased the circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thus inhibited the hepatic TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to ameliorate alcoholic liver injury. Cumulatively, these findings shed light on the important role of the gut microbiota-liver axis behind the protective efficacy of FTE on alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Hongjun Shao
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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17
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Fu Q, Liu X, He D, Li X, Li C, Du M, Wang Y, Long S, Wang D. Rhamnolipid increases H 2S generation from waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation: An overlooked concern. Water Res 2022; 221:118742. [PMID: 35752095 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnolipid (RL), one representative biosurfactant, is widely regarded as an economically feasible and environmentally beneficial additive to improve fermentation efficiency and resource recovery from waste activated sludge (WAS). However, its potentially detrimental impact on WAS fermentation such as H2S generation was overlooked previously. This study therefore aims to fill the gap through exploring whether and how the presence of RL affects H2S generation from WAS anaerobic fermentation. Experimental results showed that when RL increased from 0 to 40 mg/g total suspended solids (TSS), the cumulative H2S yield enhanced from 323.6 × 10-4 to 620.3 × 10-4 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS). Mechanism analysis showed that RL reduced WAS surface tension, which benefited transformations of organic sulfurs (e.g., aliphatic-S and sulfoxide) and inorganic sulfate from solid to liquid phase. The presence of RL not only reduced the ratio of α-helix/(β-sheet + random coil) and damaged the hydrogen bonding networks of organic sulfurs but also promoted substrate surface charges and cell membrane permeability. These facilitated the contact between hydrolase and organic sulfurs, thereby increasing sulfide production from organic sulfurs hydrolysis. Further investigations showed that RL promoted the expression of key genes (e.g., aprA/B and dsrA/B) involved in the dissimilatory sulfate reduction, which accelerated the reaction of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS)→ sulfite→ sulfide. Meanwhile, RL inhibited the corresponding key genes such as CysH, and Sir, responsible for assimilatory sulfate reduction (APS→3'-phosphoadenosine-5'phosphosulfate→organosulfur), which reduced substrate competition in favor of H2S production from dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Besides, RL decreased the fermentation pH, which benefited the transformation of HS- to H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizi Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dandan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mingting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Sha Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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18
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Wang Y, Sun P, Guo H, Zheng K, Zhu T, Liu Y. Performance and mechanism of sodium percarbonate (SPC) enhancing short-chain fatty acids production from anaerobic waste activated sludge fermentation. J Environ Manage 2022; 313:115025. [PMID: 35413653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel pretreatment technique (i.e., using Sodium percarbonate, SPC) to improve the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production waste activated sludge (WAS) was proposed in this study. Results indicated that the maximum SCFA production of 1605.7 mg COD/L and acetic acid of 52.9% were attained at 0.2 g SPC/g TSS, being 8.4 and 2.8 times of the control (191.3 mg COD/L and 19%), respectively. Meanwhile, the optimal time for SCFA accumulation was decreased from 6d (control) to 4d (0.2 g/g TSS). Mechanism explorations unraveled that SPC largely accelerated WAS solubilization and enhanced the bioavailability of organics released from WAS. It improved enzymatic activities related to hydrolysis and acidogenesis, while suppressed the Coenzyme F420 responsible for SCFA consumption. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that SPC substantially enhanced the relative abundances of hydrolytic and/or acid-forming microbes. Furthermore, CO3- and O2- were the key factors to production enhancement in SPC-involved sludge fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Kaixin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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19
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Tian L, Guo H, Wang Y, Su Z, Zhu T, Liu Y. Insights into Fe(Ⅱ)-sulfite-based pretreatment strategy for enhancing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge: Performance and mechanism. Bioresour Technol 2022; 353:127143. [PMID: 35427734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposed a concept of "co-treating" waste activated sludge (WAS) with waste-derived sulfite and environmentally-friendly ferrous iron. The maximal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from WAS anaerobic fermentation ascended by 27.1 times after pretreated by Fe(Ⅱ) activated sulfite with a sulfite dosage of 500 mg S/L and a Fe(Ⅱ)/sulfite ratio of 1.25. Mechanism explorations elucidated that the production of SO4·- and ·OH induced by Fe(Ⅱ)-activated sulfite-auto-oxidation remarkably promoted the disintegration of WAS and the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter, leading to enrichment of substances available for SCFAs-producing microbes. Besides, activities of hydrolytic and acidogenic enzymes were stimulated, while enzymes related to SCFAs consumption were inhibited severely. Further microbial community investigation confirmed that the abundances of hydrolytic microorganisms and acidogens were enriched. In addition, sludge dewaterability and vivianite production was enhanced after Fe(Ⅱ)-sulfite pretreated WAS fermentation, thereby benefiting the subsequent sludge disposal and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhongxian Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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20
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Lu Q, Du M, Xu Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Yang G, Wang D. Sulfite-based pretreatment promotes volatile fatty acids production from microalgae: Performance, mechanism, and implication. Bioresour Technol 2022; 354:127179. [PMID: 35436541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from anaerobic fermentation of microalgae is generally constrained by low organics solubilization and poor substrate-availability. In this study, sulfite-based pretreatment was developed to overcome such situation. Experimental results showed that the maximum concentration of VFAs (467.5 mg COD/g VSS) and corresponding acetate proportion (54.5%) was obtained at 200 mg sulfite-S/L with fermentation time of day 8, which was respectively 2.1- and 1.9-fold of control. It was found that after sulfite pretreatment, more and relatively easy biodegradable organics were released into liquid phase, providing available substrate for acid-producing bacteria. The rigid cell wall of microalgae was destroyed, evidenced by the decreased particle size and increased surface area, which made the microalgae more accessible for subsequent hydrolysis and acidification. Meanwhile, the sulfite-induced sulfate-reducing bacteria facilitated the acetate generation pathway. The accelerated activities of β-glucanase, β-glucosidase, and acetate kinase involved in anaerobic fermentation further validated the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mingting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xunkuo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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21
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He ZW, Zou ZS, Sun Q, Jin HY, Yao XY, Yang WJ, Tang CC, Zhou AJ, Liu W, Ren YX, Wang A. Freezing-low temperature treatment facilitates short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge with short-term fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2022; 347:126337. [PMID: 34780904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel and high-efficiency strategy, i.e., freezing followed by low-temperature thermal treatment, to significantly promote short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge compared to traditional freezing/thawing treatment. The maximal production of SCFAs was 212 mg COD/g VSS with a shortened retention time of five days, and the potentially recovered carbon source, including SCFAs, soluble polysaccharides and proteins, reached 321 mg COD/g VSS, increased by 92.1 and 28.3% compared to sole freezing and thermal treatment. Both the solubilization and hydrolysis steps of WAS were accelerated, and the acid-producing microorganisms, such as Macellibacteroides, Romboutsia and Paraclostridium, were greatly enriched, with a total abundance of 13.9%, which was only 0.54% in control. Interestingly, the methane production was inhibited at a shortened retention time, resulting in SCFAs accumulation, whereas it was increased by 32.0% at a longer sludge retention time, providing a potential solution for energy recovery from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Wei He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zheng-Shuo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Environmental Science Academy of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xing-Ye Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ai-Juan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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22
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Wang Y, Zheng K, Guo H, Tong Y, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the mechanisms of how vivianite affects anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 2022; 343:126045. [PMID: 34592460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, phosphorus recovery as vivianite from sludge digestion system has attracted increasing attention because of its high recovery efficiency and economic value. However, the potential impact of vivianite on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge remains largely unknown. This study therefore aims to provide such support. Experimental results revealed that the maximal methane yield decreased from 103.55 to 76.55 mL/g volatile solids, with the vivianite level increasing from 0 to 500 mg P/L. Mechanism explorations showed that vivianite caused more substrates remaining in tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances, and thus suppressed sludge solubilization. In addition, it was observed that hydrolysis, acidiogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis bio-processes were all inhibited by vivianite. Microbial analysis revealed that vivianite significantly decreased the relative abundances of hydrolytic microbes, acidogens and methanogens. Further investigation showed that vivianite benefited sludge agglomeration and can enhance the mass transfer resistance of anaerobic digestion, further supporting the inhibitions on anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kaixin Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Guo H, Wang Y, Tian L, Wei W, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the mechanisms of a novel polyoxometalates (POMs)-based pretreatment technology for enhancing methane production from waste activated sludge. Bioresour Technol 2021; 342:125934. [PMID: 34536839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel polyoxometalates (POMs)-based pretreatment technology to improve methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) for the first time. Experimental results indicated methane production from WAS pretreated with 0.25 g POMs/g TSS increased by 43.7%. Mechanism analysis revealed POMs pretreatment promoted WAS disintegration and improved the biodegradability of the released organics. The declined oxidation-reduction potential of digestion system provided a more favorable situation for anaerobes, and hence had positive impacts on the activity of enzymes associated with hydrolysis/acidification/methanogenesis. Model-based analysis elucidated POMs pretreatment remarkably increased both biochemical methane potential and hydrolysis rate. Microbial community analysis showed microbial community was shifted toward increase hydrolytic and acidification-associated microbes and enriched the abundance of Methanosaeta sp. This work is expected to develop an innovative technology that will simultaneously enhance energy production from WAS in the sludge treatment line and improve biological nutrient removal in the wastewater treatment line of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lixin Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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