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Mohammed KAS, Hameed MM, Mousa AH, Saleh AT. Prevalence and trends of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Basra, Iraq. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:e000968. [PMID: 37487649 PMCID: PMC10373717 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite saving millions of lives through blood transfusion, transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) still threaten the lives of patients requiring blood transfusion. Hence, screening blood donors and studying the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors may display the burden of these diseases among our population. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence rates of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in Basra, Iraq from 2019 to 2021 as groundwork for providing safe blood transfusion in Iraq. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in the blood banks in Basra, Iraq from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. A total of 197 898 samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core (HBc), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis immunologically. RESULTS The prevalence rates of seropositive of viral hepatitis for the year 2019, 2020, 2021 were as following: hepatitis B virus (HBV) rates 1.54%, 1.45% and 1.14% with significant declined trend by 26%; anti-HCV rates were 0.14, 0.12 and 0.11% with significant declined trend by 21.4%; and the syphilis rates were 0.38, 0.47, 0.36 with marked declined trend 5.3%, respectively.Of those donors showed HBV positive, 2503 (1.26%) had positive anti-HBc results, while only 173 (0.0874) showed positive test results for both anti-HBc and HBsAg. CONCLUSION Prevalence rates of viral hepatitis and syphilis showed a steady decline between 2019 and 2021, and these rates were much lower in Basra than in other parts of Iraq and neighbouring countries. The importance of using the anti-HBc test in the screening of blood donors was indicated in this study. These findings would contribute in improving the understanding of TTIs epidemiology and supporting health authorities controlling bloodborne diseases.
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Azzam A, Khaled H, Elbohy OA, Mohamed SA, Mohamed SMH, Abdelkader AH, Ezzat AA, Elmowafy AOI, El-Emam OA, Awadalla M, Refaey N, Rizk SMA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in Egypt (2000-2022): a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:151. [PMID: 36899311 PMCID: PMC10007808 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B infection seriously threatens global public health, especially in developing nations. Despite several investigations on HBV incidence, the national pooled prevalence remains unknown, particularly in populations at-risk at whom interventions should be primarily aimed. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the following databases: Medline [PubMed], Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. I-squared and Cochran's Q were used to measure the heterogeneity between the studies. Publications that matched the following were included: Primary studies published in Egypt from 2000 to 2022 reported HBV prevalence based on HBsAg. We excluded any studies that were not performed on Egyptians or that were performed on patients suspected of acute viral hepatitis or studies focusing on occult hepatitis or vaccination evaluation studies, or national surveys. RESULTS The systematic review included 68 eligible studies reporting a total of 82 incidences of HBV infection based on hepatitis B surface antigen with a total sample size of 862,037. The pooled national prevalence among studies was estimated to be 3.67% [95% CI; 3: 4.39]. Children under 20 with a history of HBV vaccination during infancy had the lowest prevalence of 0.69%. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women, blood donors, and healthcare workers was 2.95%, 1.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. While patients with hemolytic anemia and hemodialysis patients, patients with malignancies, HCC patients, and chronic liver disease patients had the highest prevalences at 6.34%, 25.5%, 18.6%, and 34%, respectively. Studies reporting HBV prevalence in urban settings compared to rural settings revealed a similar HBV prevalence of 2.43% and 2.15%, respectively. Studies comparing HBV prevalence in males and females revealed a higher prevalence among males (3.75%) than females (2.2%). CONCLUSION In Egypt, hepatitis B infection is a significant public health issue. The blocking of mother-to-infant hepatitis B transmission, the scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program, and implementing new strategies, including screen-and-treat, may reduce the prevalence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Azzam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Khaled
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Elbohy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed H Abdelkader
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ola Ali El-Emam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Awadalla
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Neveen Refaey
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Amini-Kafiabad S, Pourfatollah AA. Viral safety of recovered plasma for contract fractionation; an Iranian experience, 2006-2015. Transfus Med 2021; 32:64-70. [PMID: 34820928 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study analysed the viral safety among Iranian blood donors. BACKGROUND Plasma products demand is increasing in the world. With contract plasma fractionation, the plasma wastage decreases and the access of patients to plasma-derived medicines (PDM) improves. STUDY AND DESIGN METHOD Screening results including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag/Ab of 19 054 036 donations from 2006 to 2015 were analysed. The plasma for fractionation was tested for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HIV RNA, HAV RNA, and Parvovirus B19 DNA by fractionators. New samples were collected from the positive donors and retested. The prevalence of serological and nucleic acid testing (NAT) markers per 105 donations, 95% confidential interval (CI), and p-values were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of markers was as follows: 250/105 donations for HBsAg from 516 in 2006 to 116/105 donations in 2015; 74/105 donations for HCV, decreasing from 127 to 41/105 and 3.6/105 for HIV during current study. During 10 years, 5 713 641 units of recovered plasma were shipped for contract fractionation to produce PDM; 0.26/105 donations for HBV DNA and 0.14/105 for HCV RNA were reported positive. The results of five retested samples for HBV and one sample for HCV were negative. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV in blood donations was extremely low. Thanks to the availability, high quality and safety of recovered plasma as a result of the improvements in the quality system at IBTO, this plasma could be used for the production of PDMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
- Department of Pathology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfatollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Souan L, Siag M, Al-Salahat H, Al-Atrash T, Sughayer MA. Changing trends in seroprevalence rates of transfusion-transmitted diseases among blood donors in Jordan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 34059011 PMCID: PMC8165764 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B and C infections and transmission are a serious challenge to all healthcare systems. We studied seroprevalence rates of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases (TTD) among blood bank donors in Jordan from 2014 to 2019 as a follow-up study of our previously published work. In addition, we wanted to explore the efficacy of the mandatory vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus (HBV) which was implemented by the Ministry of Health since 1995 for the eradication of HBV infection in Jordan. Methods We reviewed blood bank donors’ records at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) from January 1st, 2014, until December 31st, 2019. Results of seropositivity prevalence rates for HBsAg, anti-HBcore, and anti-HCV, using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) were compared to seropositivity rates from our previously published data. In addition, our results were compared to data obtained from other blood banks in Jordan, as well as compared to published information from blood banks in neighboring countries. Results The prevalence rates (%) of seropositive blood donors for viral hepatitis for the years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, were as follows: HBsAg rates were 0.3386, 0.2108, 0.1801, 0.1898, 0.2068, and 0.2741; anti-HBcore rates were 4.1112, 3.2271, 2.9748, 2.8405, 2.6879 and 3.0986; and anti-HCV rates were 0.1129, 0.0486, 0.0548, 0.0654, 0.0782, and 0.0839, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBcore and Anti-HCV antibodies in 2019 (one sample z-score test, p < 0.00001). Conclusions Prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among Jordanian blood bank donors showed a steady decline between 2009 and 2017, and these rates were much lower in Jordan than in neighboring countries. However, an increase in the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among blood bank donors was documented in 2019. While the reasons for this increase are not clear yet, these findings highlight the importance of renewed efforts to increase public health awareness of HBV and implement effective measures to prevent the transmission and infection with HBV, including national vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud Siag
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Al-Salahat
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Al-Atrash
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
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5
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Souan L, Siag M, Al-Salahat H, Al-Atrash T, Sughayer MA. Changing trends in seroprevalence rates of transfusion-transmitted diseases among blood donors in Jordan. BMC Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 34059011 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06196-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C infections and transmission are a serious challenge to all healthcare systems. We studied seroprevalence rates of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases (TTD) among blood bank donors in Jordan from 2014 to 2019 as a follow-up study of our previously published work. In addition, we wanted to explore the efficacy of the mandatory vaccination of infants against hepatitis B virus (HBV) which was implemented by the Ministry of Health since 1995 for the eradication of HBV infection in Jordan. METHODS We reviewed blood bank donors' records at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) from January 1st, 2014, until December 31st, 2019. Results of seropositivity prevalence rates for HBsAg, anti-HBcore, and anti-HCV, using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) were compared to seropositivity rates from our previously published data. In addition, our results were compared to data obtained from other blood banks in Jordan, as well as compared to published information from blood banks in neighboring countries. RESULTS The prevalence rates (%) of seropositive blood donors for viral hepatitis for the years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, were as follows: HBsAg rates were 0.3386, 0.2108, 0.1801, 0.1898, 0.2068, and 0.2741; anti-HBcore rates were 4.1112, 3.2271, 2.9748, 2.8405, 2.6879 and 3.0986; and anti-HCV rates were 0.1129, 0.0486, 0.0548, 0.0654, 0.0782, and 0.0839, respectively. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBcore and Anti-HCV antibodies in 2019 (one sample z-score test, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among Jordanian blood bank donors showed a steady decline between 2009 and 2017, and these rates were much lower in Jordan than in neighboring countries. However, an increase in the prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C infections among blood bank donors was documented in 2019. While the reasons for this increase are not clear yet, these findings highlight the importance of renewed efforts to increase public health awareness of HBV and implement effective measures to prevent the transmission and infection with HBV, including national vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Souan
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud Siag
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Al-Salahat
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq Al-Atrash
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, Jordan
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Al-Sadeq DW, Taleb SA, Zaied RE, Fahad SM, Smatti MK, Rizeq BR, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM, Nasrallah GK. Hepatitis B Virus Molecular Epidemiology, Host-Virus Interaction, Coinfection, and Laboratory Diagnosis in the MENA Region: An Update. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020063. [PMID: 31083509 PMCID: PMC6630671 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped partial double-stranded DNA virus that can cause acute and chronic hepatitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 257 million people are living with HBV. Moreover, 20,900 acute hepatitis B cases were reported in 2016. Hepatitis B is highly prevalent in the African, Western Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and European regions, respectively. Due to the high mutational rate of HBV and lack of reverse transcriptase proofreading activity, ten different genotypes with different geographical distributions have been identified. HBV pathogenesis and severity of infection depend on several host and viral factors, particularly, the genetic variability of both the host and virus. Although HBV infection is a global health concern, there is a lack of adequate studies and reports in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here, we provide a review on HBV epidemiology, pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, coinfection with selected viruses, and laboratory diagnosis, focusing on studies conducted in the MENA region to determine the current situation of the HBV infection and outline the future study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa W Al-Sadeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Sara A Taleb
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Roan E Zaied
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Sara M Fahad
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Balsam R Rizeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Heffernan A, Barber E, Cook NA, Gomaa AI, Harley YX, Jones CR, Lim AG, Mohamed Z, Nayagam S, Ndow G, Shah R, Sonderup MW, Spearman CW, Waked I, Wilkinson RJ, Taylor-Robinson SD. Aiming at the Global Elimination of Viral Hepatitis: Challenges Along the Care Continuum. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 5:ofx252. [PMID: 29354656 PMCID: PMC5767952 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent international workshop, organized by the authors, analyzed the obstacles facing the ambitious goal of eliminating viral hepatitis globally. We identified several policy areas critical to reaching elimination targets. These include providing hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination to all infants within 24 hours of birth, preventing the transmission of blood-borne viruses through the expansion of national hemovigilance schemes, implementing the lessons learned from the HIV epidemic regarding safe medical practices to eliminate iatrogenic infection, adopting point-of-care testing to improve coverage of diagnosis, and providing free or affordable hepatitis C treatment to all. We introduce Egypt as a case study for rapid testing and treatment scale-up: this country offers valuable insights to policy makers internationally, not only regarding how hepatitis C interventions can be expeditiously scaled-up, but also as a guide for how to tackle the problems encountered with such ambitious testing and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Heffernan
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ella Barber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK
| | - Nicola A Cook
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Asmaa I Gomaa
- Hepatology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Yolande X Harley
- Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher R Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron G Lim
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zameer Mohamed
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Liver and Antiviral Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shevanthi Nayagam
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gibril Ndow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Hepatitis Unit, Disease Control and Elimination, MRC Unit, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Rajiv Shah
- Infectious Diseases Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark W Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Imam Waked
- Hepatology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Tagny CT, Ndoumba A, Laperche S, Murphy E, Mbanya D. Reducing risks of Transfusion-transmitted infections in a resource-limited hospital-based blood bank: the case of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:82-87. [PMID: 28484511 DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although interest in assessing risk of TTIs, very few trends in blood safety epidemiological data from resource-limited blood services are reported in the literature. This analysis aims at reporting trends in seroprevalences of TTIs in blood donations in the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from 2011 to 2015 and to describe reasons for these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All donations of 2015 were tested for HIV 1&2 antibodies and the P24 antigen, HBsAg, HCV antibody and the Treponema pallidum antibody. Screening for HIV uses a national algorithm based on the systematic use of two assays of different principles: a rapid determination testing assay and an EIA HIV 1 & 2 Ab-Ag. The tests used for HBsAg and HCVAb screening were all based on EIA techniques. Treponema pallidum antibody screening was based on Treponema Pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and rapid immunochromatographic test (RIT). Screening techniques and results from 2015 were compared to retrospective data from 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. RESULTS In 2015, 13·4% (n = 214) of 1,596 blood donations were seropositive for at least one screened TTIs. The most frequent serological marker was HBsAg with 123 (7·7%) blood units contaminated. Nineteen (1·2%) and 18 (1·1%) blood units was positive for HIV and syphilis, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the total number of blood donations (P < 10-4) and HIV, HBsAg and syphilis seroprevalences and an increase in the proportion of voluntary non-remunerated blood donor (P < 0·05). HCVAb seroprevalence was 3·8% in 2015 and has not decreased significantly over the years (P = 0·09). CONCLUSION Significant progress is noted in reduction in seroprevalences of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis since the beginning of a regular registration of data in 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Tagny
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Hematology & Transfusion Service University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - A Ndoumba
- Hematology & Transfusion Service University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - S Laperche
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - E Murphy
- Blood System Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Hematology & Transfusion Service University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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9
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Babanejad M, Izadi N, Najafi F, Alavian SM. The HBsAg Prevalence Among Blood Donors From Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hepat Mon 2016; 16:e35664. [PMID: 27226804 PMCID: PMC4875562 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.35664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The world health organization (WHO) recommends that all blood donations should be screened for evidence of infections, such as hepatitis B. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood donors at the eastern Mediterranean region office (EMRO) of the WHO and middle eastern countries. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A meta-analysis was carried out based on the results of an electronic literature search of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published from January 1, 2000, to August 31, 2015. In accordance with a significant homogeneity test and a large value of I2, the random effects model was used to aggregate data from the studies and produce the pooled estimates using the "Metan" command. RESULTS We included 66 eligible studies. The pooled prevalence of HBsAg in blood donors of both EMRO and middle eastern (E and M) countries was 2.03% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79 - 2.26). In addition, the prevalence rates in the EMRO countries was 1.99% (95% CI: 1.84 - 2.14) and 1.62% in the Middle Eastern countries (95% CI: 1.36 - 1.88). The prevalence among blood donors with more than one study was 1.58% in Egypt, 0.58% in Iran, 0.67% in Iraq, 2.84% in Pakistan, 3.02% in Saudi Arabia, 1.68% in Turkey, and 5.05% in Yemen. CONCLUSIONS Based on the WHO classification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, the prevalence of HBsAg in blood donors from E and M countries reached an intermediate level. However, there were low prevalence levels in some E and M countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Babanejad
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188067114, Fax: +98-2188067114, E-mail:
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10
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Mahmoud RA, El-Mazary AA, Khodeary A. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, Cytomegalovirus, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in Multitransfused Thalassemic Children in Upper Egypt. Adv Hematol 2016; 2016:9032627. [PMID: 26989417 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9032627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Frequent blood transfusions in thalassemia major children expose them to the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in thalassemic children attending the Pediatrics Departments of both Sohag and Minia Universities of Upper Egypt, during the period from May 2014 to May 2015. Methods. Serum samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 using the Vitek Immunodiagnostic Assay System. Results. The frequencies of anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-CMV, and anti-HIV type 1 and type 2 were found to be 37.11%, 4.12%, 4.12%, 0.00%, and 0.00%, respectively. Seropositivity for anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-CMV increased with increasing age of the patients, duration of the disease, serum ferritin level (ng/mL), and liver enzymes (U/L), while it was not significantly associated with gender, frequency of blood transfusion, or the status of splenectomy operation (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The frequency of TTIs, especially HCV, is considerably high among Egyptian children with thalassemia major. It is therefore important to implement measures to improve blood transfusion screening, such as polymerase chain reaction, in order to reduce TTIs from blood donor units.
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Abdelrazik AM, Ezzat Ahmed GM. Priority needs and wisdom strategy for blood transfusion safety in developing low-resource countries. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:147-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abd Elrazek AE, Mahfouz H, Elazeem KA, Fakhry M, Elrazek EA, Foad M, Alboraie M, Ragab A, Baghdady S, Bilasy SE, Salama K, Masseih RA, Amer MO, Hassaneen S, Bhagavathula AS, Elnour AA, Al Nuaimi SK, Shehab A. The Value of U/S to Determine Priority for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Emergency Room. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2241. [PMID: 26656368 PMCID: PMC5008513 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In countries endemic for liver and GIT diseases, frequent emergency department (ED) patients contribute to a disproportionate number of visits consuming substantial amount of medical resources. One of the most frequent ED visits is patients who present with hypovolemic shock, abdominal pain, or confusion with or without signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The use of conventional two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-U/S) may provide immediate and useful information on the presence of esophageal varices, gastrointestinal tumors, and other GIT abnormalities.The current study investigated the feasibility of using (2D-U/S) to predict the source of UGIB in ED and to determine patients' priority for UGE.Between February 2003 and March 2013, we retrospectively reviewed the profiles of 38,551 Egyptian patients, aged 2 to 75 years old, who presented with a history of GI/liver diseases and no alcohol consumption. We assessed the value of 2D-U/S technology in predicting the source of UGIB.Of 38,551 patients presenting to ED, 900 patients (2.3%), 534 male (59.3%) and 366 female (40.7%) developed UGIB. Analyzing results obtained from U/S examinations by data mining for emergent UGE were patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), splenomegaly, and ascites (42.6% incidence of UGIB), followed by LC and splenomegaly (14.6%), LC only (9.4%), and was only 0.5% who had no morbidity finding by 2D-U/S.Ultrasonographic instrumentation increases the feasibility of predictive emergency medicine. The area has recently not only gained a fresh impulse, but also a new set of complex problems that needs to be addressed in the emergency medicine setting according to each priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Elrazek Abd Elrazek
- From the Division of Liver Transplantation and Data Mining Research, Department of Hepatology and GIT; Senior Researcher (Al Azhar and Aswan University, Cairo, Asuit and Aswan, Egypt (AEAH); Department of Tropical, GI and Hepatology - Al Azhar School of Medicine-Asuit Branch-Al Azhar University-Asuit, Egypt (EMAE, HMM, MF, KAE); Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Al Azhar School of Medicine, Asuit Branch, Al Azhar University - Asuit, Egypt (MF); Department of Internal Medicine, Al Azhar School of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt (MA); Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Al Azhar School of Medicine, Cairo (AR); Chest and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Aswan School of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt (SB); Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez canal University, Ismailia, Egypt (SEB); Graduate Medical Student, Egypt (KS); Department of Hepatology, UCLA, USA; Research Assistant (RAE); Department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menofiya University-Menofiya, Egypt (MOA); Department of Radiology, Asuit faculty of Medicine, Asuit University, Asuit, Egypt (SH); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia (ASB); Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), University of Arab Emirates (AAE, SKA, AS); UAE-Emirates (AAE, SA, AS)
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