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Feng L, Ning J, Tian X, Wang C, Zhang L, Ma X, James TD. Fluorescent probes for bioactive detection and imaging of phase II metabolic enzymes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cho W, Kim Y, Kim J, Park S, Park D, Kim BC, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a positive regulator of TGF-β-induced prostaglandin production in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. J Immunol 2015; 194:4287-97. [PMID: 25825445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PGs are emerging as important immune modulators. Since our report on the expression of PG synthases in human follicular dendritic cells, we investigated the potential immunoregulatory function of PGs and their production mechanisms. In this study, we explored the intracellular signaling molecules mediating TGF-β-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 augmentation in follicular dendritic cell-like cells. TGF-β triggered phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK, which were essential for the increase in COX-2 protein. Interestingly, depletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) resulted in an almost complete inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation and COX-2 induction. Nuclear translocation of Smad3 was inhibited in SOCS1-depleted cells. SOCS1 knockdown also downregulated TGF-β-stimulated Snail expression and its binding to the Cox-2 promoter. In contrast, overexpression of SOCS1 gave rise to a significant increase in Snail and COX-2 proteins. SOCS1 was reported to be a negative regulator of cytokine signaling by various investigators. However, our current data suggest that SOCS1 promotes TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression and PG production by facilitating Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail binding to the Cox-2 promoter. The complete understanding of the biological function of SOCS1 might be obtained via extensive studies with diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jini Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokbum Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; Bioinformation Technology Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Kojima F, Kapoor M, Kawai S, Crofford LJ. New insights into eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways: implications for arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:277-91. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Cho W, Kim J, Cho KB, Choe J. Production of prostaglandin e(2) and i(2) is coupled with cyclooxygenase-2 in human follicular dendritic cells. Immune Netw 2011; 11:364-7. [PMID: 22346776 PMCID: PMC3275705 DOI: 10.4110/in.2011.11.6.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandins (PGs) play pathogenic and protective roles in inflammatory diseases. The novel concept of PGs as immune modulators is being documented by several investigators. By establishing an in vitro experimental model containing human follicular dendritic cell-like cells, HK cells, we reported that HK cells produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and that these PGs regulate biological functions of T and B cells. Methods To investigate the respective contribution of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 to PGE2 and PGI2 production in HK cells, we performed siRNA technology to knock down COX enzymes and examined the effect on PG production. Results Both PGE2 and PGI2 productions were almost completely inhibited by the depletion of COX-2. In contrast, COX-1 knockdown did not significantly affect PG production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conclusion The current results suggest that mPGES-1 and PGIS are coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC) and may help understand the potential effects of selective COX inhibitors on the humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 5301 MSRB III, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5606, USA.
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Fujimori K, Ueno T, Nagata N, Kashiwagi K, Aritake K, Amano F, Urade Y. Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by aldo-keto reductase 1B3 acting as prostaglandin F2alpha synthase. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:8880-6. [PMID: 20093363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.077164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) suppresses adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting the function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. However, PGF(2alpha) synthase (PGFS) in adipocytes remains to be identified. Here, we studied the expression of members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B family acting as PGFS during adipogenesis of mouse 3T3-L1 cells. AKR1B3 mRNA was expressed in preadipocytes, and its level increased about 4-fold at day 1 after initiation of adipocyte differentiation, and then quickly decreased the following day to a level lower than that in the preadipocytes. In contrast, the mRNA levels of Akr1b8 and 1b10 were clearly lower than that level of Akr1b3 in preadipocytes and remained unchanged during adipogenesis. The transient increase in Akr1b3 during adipogenesis was also observed by Western blot analysis. The mRNA for the FP receptor, which is selective for PGF(2alpha), was also expressed in preadipocytes. Its level increased about 2-fold within 1 h after the initiation of adipocyte differentiation and was maintained at almost the same level throughout adipocyte differentiation. The small interfering RNA for Akr1b3, but not for Akr1b8 or 1b10, suppressed PGF(2alpha) production and enhanced the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (aP2), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Moreover, an FP receptor agonist, Fluprostenol, suppressed the expression of those adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells; whereas an FP receptor antagonist, AL-8810, efficiently inhibited the suppression of adipogenesis caused by the endogenous PGF(2alpha). These results indicate that AKR1B3 acts as the PGFS in adipocytes and that AKR1B3-produced PGF(2alpha) suppressed adipocyte differentiation by acting through FP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Laboratory of Biodefense and Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Abstract
Rapid growth of cancer cells often creates insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients in the tumour nest. The frequent detection of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in afflicted tissues suggests that IL-8 expression could be associated with elevated levels of HIF. Recently, we found that hypoxia also upregulated the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cells. However, the relationship between HGF and IL-8 has not been investigated in LAD cells. In this study, we found that HGF induced IL-8 expression in LAD. Interestingly, hypoxia also increased the level of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), a product of dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DDH). When expression of DDH was suppressed by siRNA, the levels of PGF(2alpha), HGF and IL-8 were reduced; however, their levels returned to normal after DDH was reintroduced. These data suggest that hypoxia induces biosynthesis of PGF(2alpha), which then activates HGF and IL-8 expression. The results provide a reasonable explanation of how PGF(2alpha), HGF and IL-8 exert their effects on cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yen Chiang
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ueno N, Takegoshi Y, Kamei D, Kudo I, Murakami M. Coupling between cyclooxygenases and terminal prostanoid synthases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:70-6. [PMID: 16140261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of prostanoids is regulated by three sequential enzymatic steps, namely phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase (COX), and terminal prostanoid synthase. Recent evidence suggests that lineage-specific terminal prostanoid synthases, including prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGD2, PGF2alpha, PGI2, and thromboxane synthases, show distinct functional coupling with upstream COX isozymes, COX-1 and COX-2. This can account, at least in part, for segregated utilization of the two COX isozymes in distinct phases of PG-biosynthetic responses. In terms of their localization and COX preference, terminal prostanoid synthases are classified into three categories: (i) the perinuclear enzymes that prefer COX-2, (ii) the cytosolic enzyme that prefers COX-1, and (iii) the translocating enzyme that utilizes both COXs depending on the stimulus. Additionally, altered supply of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2s significantly affects the efficiency of COX-terminal prostanoid synthase coupling. In this review, we summarize our recent understanding of the coupling profiles between the two COXs and various terminal prostanoid synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ueno
- Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Kita Y, Takahashi T, Uozumi N, Nallan L, Gelb MH, Shimizu T. Pathway-oriented profiling of lipid mediators in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:898-906. [PMID: 15809081 PMCID: PMC2405945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages produce various kinds of lipid mediators including eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor. Since they are produced from common precursors, arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids, regulations of metabolic pathways underlie the patterning of lipid mediator production. Here, we report a pathway-oriented profiling strategy of lipid mediators by a newly developed multiplex quantification system. We profiled mouse peritoneal macrophages in different activation states. The analysis of kinetics revealed the differences in the production time course of various lipid mediators, which also differed by the macrophage types. Scatterplot matrix analysis of the inhibitor study revealed correlations of lipid mediator species. The changes of these correlations provided estimates on the effects of lipopolysaccharide priming. We also found a highly linked production of 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandin E2, implying the in vivo property of cyclooxygenase-mediated 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production. The present approach will serve as a strategy for understanding the regulatory mechanism of lipid mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshie Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naonori Uozumi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Laxman Nallan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- * Corresponding author. Fax: +81 3 3817 8732. E-mail address: (T. Shimizu)
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Abstract
This review describes the three mammalian glutathione transferase (GST) families, namely cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal GST, the latter now designated MAPEG. Besides detoxifying electrophilic xenobiotics, such as chemical carcinogens, environmental pollutants, and antitumor agents, these transferases inactivate endogenous alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, quinones, epoxides, and hydroperoxides formed as secondary metabolites during oxidative stress. These enzymes are also intimately involved in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, testosterone, and progesterone, as well as the degradation of tyrosine. Among their substrates, GSTs conjugate the signaling molecules 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and 4-hydroxynonenal with glutathione, and consequently they antagonize expression of genes trans-activated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Through metabolism of 15d-PGJ2, GST may enhance gene expression driven by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Cytosolic human GST exhibit genetic polymorphisms and this variation can increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis and inflammatory disease. Polymorphisms in human MAPEG are associated with alterations in lung function and increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Targeted disruption of murine genes has demonstrated that cytosolic GST isoenzymes are broadly cytoprotective, whereas MAPEG proteins have proinflammatory activities. Furthermore, knockout of mouse GSTA4 and GSTZ1 leads to overexpression of transferases in the Alpha, Mu, and Pi classes, an observation suggesting they are part of an adaptive mechanism that responds to endogenous chemical cues such as 4-hydroxynonenal and tyrosine degradation products. Consistent with this hypothesis, the promoters of cytosolic GST and MAPEG genes contain antioxidant response elements through which they are transcriptionally activated during exposure to Michael reaction acceptors and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hayes
- Biomedical Research Center, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Kamei D, Yamakawa K, Takegoshi Y, Mikami-Nakanishi M, Nakatani Y, Oh-Ishi S, Yasui H, Azuma Y, Hirasawa N, Ohuchi K, Kawaguchi H, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Murakami M, Kudo I. Reduced pain hypersensitivity and inflammation in mice lacking microsomal prostaglandin e synthase-1. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:33684-95. [PMID: 15140897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400199200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the in vivo role of membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1, a terminal enzyme in the PGE2-biosynthetic pathway, using mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice. Comparison of PGES activity in the membrane fraction of tissues from mPGES-1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice indicated that mPGES-1 accounted for the majority of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible PGES in WT mice. LPS-stimulated production of PGE2, but not other PGs, was impaired markedly in mPGES-1-null macrophages, although a low level of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent PGE2 production still remained. Pain nociception, as assessed by the acetic acid writhing response, was reduced significantly in KO mice relative to WT mice. This phenotype was particularly evident when these mice were primed with LPS, where the stretching behavior and the peritoneal PGE2 level of KO mice were far less than those of WT mice. Formation of inflammatory granulation tissue and attendant angiogenesis in the dorsum induced by subcutaneous implantation of a cotton thread were reduced significantly in KO mice compared with WT mice. Moreover, collagen antibody-induced arthritis, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis, was milder in KO mice than in WT mice. Collectively, our present results provide unequivocal evidence that mPGES-1 contributes to the formation of PGE2 involved in pain hypersensitivity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamei
- Department of Health Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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