1
|
Tabaac BJ, Shinozuka K, Arenas A, Beutler BD, Cherian K, Evans VD, Fasano C, Muir OS. Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Historical Perspective and Overview. Am J Ther 2024; 31:e97-e103. [PMID: 38518266 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychedelic drugs have recently emerged as plausibly effective pharmacological agents for the management of depression, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric conditions, including those that are treatment-resistent. The latter half of the 20th century marked a revolution in the treatment of mental illnesses, exemplified by the introduction of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other pharmacological agents. Nevertheless, mental illness remains a major public health crisis, affecting nearly one billion individuals worldwide. AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY Because of the decades-long status of several psychedelics as Schedule I drugs, there have not been very many large, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of psychedelics. Owing to small sample sizes, there may be rare yet serious adverse events that have not been reported in the clinical trials thus far. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES Esketamine, a dissociative hallucinogen drug, was approved for the management of major depressive disorder by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019. As of January 2024, two Phase III trials of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic drug that inhibits the serotonin transporter, have been completed; the results indicate that MDMA is superior to existing pharmacological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder. A phase III trial of psilocybin, a naturally occurring serotonin receptor partial agonist, is currently underway. The following series details the current state of research in psychedelic therapeutics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), N-N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ayahuasca, psilocybin, ibogaine, MDMA, and ketamine. LIMITATIONS While initial clinical trials of psychedelics for depression were very promising, trials of psilocybin with larger sample sizes (100+ participants) suggest that its remission rate is 25%-29%. This is about the same as the remission rate of antidepressants, which is roughly 30% according to the landmark STAR*D trial. CONCLUSIONS Psychedelic drugs and structural derivatives offer a great deal of promise for the management of a wide range of psychiatric morbidities. It is imperative that clinicians become familiar with these novel agents and learn how to integrate psychedelic therapy with the rest of their care through open communication and referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burton J Tabaac
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV
- Department of Neurology, Carson Tahoe Health, Carson City, NV
| | - Kenneth Shinozuka
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Arenas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kirsten Cherian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Viviana D Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Owen S Muir
- Fermata Health, Brooklyn, NY; and
- Acacia Clinics, Sunnyvale, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson J, Pointon L, Talbot R, Coleman R, Budworth L, Simms-Ellis R, Vogt K, Tsimpida D, Biyani CS, Harrison R, Cheung G, Melville C, Jayagopal V, Lea W. Reboot coaching programme: a mixed-methods evaluation assessing resilience, confidence, burnout and depression in medical students. Scott Med J 2024; 69:10-17. [PMID: 38050379 PMCID: PMC10986146 DOI: 10.1177/00369330231213981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor mental health in medical students is a global concern. Effective interventions are required, which are tailored towards the training-related stressors medical students experience. The Reboot coaching programme is an online, tailored intervention based on cognitive-behavioural principles. AIMS To evaluate whether the Reboot coaching programme tailored for medical students was feasible and associated with improvements in mental health outcome indicators. METHODS Medical students participated in two group online workshops and a one-to-one coaching call with a Reboot-trained licensed psychological therapist. Participants provided data at: baseline (T1), post-workshops (T2), post-coaching call (T3) and 4-month follow-up (T4). Outcome measures included resilience, confidence, burnout and depression. Feedback was provided regarding the workshops at T2. RESULTS 115 participants (93/80.9% women; mage = 23.9; SD = 2.8) were recruited, 83 (72.2%) completed all intervention elements and 82 (71.3%) provided T4 data, surpassing recruitment and retention targets. There were significant improvements following baseline in resilience (ps < .001), confidence (ps < .001), burnout (ps < .001) and depression (ps ≤ .001). Most participants agreed the workshops imparted useful skills (n = 92; 99%) and would recommend Reboot to others (n = 89; 95.6%). CONCLUSIONS Existing interventions have produced mixed results regarding their effectiveness in improving medical students' mental health. Reboot is a feasible intervention in this group which is associated with improvements in resilience, confidence, burnout and depression. Further controlled studies of Reboot are now needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Johnson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lucy Pointon
- School of Justice, Security and Sustainability, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Luke Budworth
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Ruth Simms-Ellis
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Katharina Vogt
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Dialechti Tsimpida
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chandra Shekha Biyani
- Department of Urology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Reema Harrison
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gloria Cheung
- Hull York Medical School, University Road, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Colin Melville
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Vijay Jayagopal
- Hull York Medical School, University Road, Heslington, York, UK
- York Hospital, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Clifton, York, UK
| | - William Lea
- Hull York Medical School, University Road, Heslington, York, UK
- York Hospital, York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Clifton, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metrikin BS, Torres AR, Levine SL. Missing in Action: Where Are the Patient-Centered, Telehealth-Ready Quality Measures for Common Mental Health Disorders? Perm J 2023; 27:121-123. [PMID: 37779392 PMCID: PMC10723092 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashlynn R Torres
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Levine
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fletcher K, Moran-Pryor A, Robert-Hendren D. Preliminary Clinical Outcomes of the Hello Sunday Morning Alcohol and Wellbeing Self-Assessment: Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48245. [PMID: 37874615 PMCID: PMC10630865 DOI: 10.2196/48245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related injuries and diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early intervention is essential given the chronic, relapsing nature of alcohol use disorders. There is significant potential for widely accessible web-based screening tools to help individuals determine where they stand in terms of alcohol use and provide support recommendations. Screening and brief interventions (SBIs) provide individuals with a stigma-free opportunity to learn and think about the potential risks of drinking and prompt help-seeking behavior by incorporating behavior change techniques. Furthermore, as excessive alcohol use and mental health problems often occur concurrently, SBIs for both conditions simultaneously can potentially address a critical gap in alcohol and mental health treatment. OBJECTIVE We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes of participants completing the Alcohol and Wellbeing Self-assessment (A&WS), a web-based SBI. METHODS The A&WS is freely available on the Hello Sunday Morning website as part of an uncontrolled observational prospective study. Feasibility was assessed based on the number of respondents who commenced and subsequently completed the A&WS. Acceptability was measured via participant feedback to determine overall satisfaction, perceived helpfulness, and likelihood of recommending the A&WS to others. Clinical outcomes were measured in two ways: (1) self-reported changes in alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score) or psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale score) over time and (2) help seeking-both self-reported and immediate web-based help seeking. Preliminary baseline data collected for the first 9 months (March 2022 to December 2022) of the study were reported, including the 3-month follow-up outcomes. RESULTS A total of 17,628 participants commenced the A&WS, and of these, 14,419 (81.8%) completed it. Of those 14,419 who completed the A&WS, 1323 (9.18%) agreed to participate in the follow-up research. Acceptability was high, with 78.46% (1038/1323) reporting high satisfaction levels overall; 95.62% (1265/1323) found the A&WS easy to use and would recommend the tool to others. The 1-, 2-, and 3-month follow-ups were completed by 28.57% (378/1323), 21.09% (279/1323), and 17.61% (233/1323) of the participants, respectively. Significant reductions in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption subscale (P<.001) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale scores (P<.001) were observed over the 3-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the A&WS is a highly feasible and acceptable digital SBI that may support individuals in making changes to their alcohol consumption and improve their psychological well-being. In the absence of a control group, positive clinical outcomes cannot be attributed to the A&WS, which should now be subjected to a randomized controlled trial. This scalable, freely available tool has the potential to reach a large number of adults who might not otherwise access help while complementing the alcohol and mental health treatment ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fletcher
- Hello Sunday Morning, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brito AD, Soares AB. Well-being, character strengths, and depression in emerging adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1238105. [PMID: 37809290 PMCID: PMC10552671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1238105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emerging adulthood is a period of transition between adolescence and adulthood, during which individuals explore different roles and possibilities. This period is often characterized by high levels of stress and uncertainty, which can increase the risk of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, character strengths and depression, as well as to verify the differences in the levels of these elements among different groups of depressive symptomatology. Methods Participants were 1,060 individuals (741 females, 305 males) between the ages of 18 and 30 years (M = 22.3, SD = 3.72). Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and Kruskal- Wallis with pairwise post-hoc analyses were used to analyze the data. Results There were significant positive correlations between emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths, and negative correlations between these variables and depression. There were also significant differences in the means of the evaluated constructs among the symptomm groups. Discussion The findings suggest that emerging adulthood dimensions, well-being, and character strengths are all associated with depression in emerging adults and have important implications for the provision of interventions in health and education for emerging adults. The study provides a deeper understanding of the factors influencing depression during emerging adulthood and emphasize the importance of promoting positive psychology elements and developing personalized interventions for emerging adults. This also suggest that public policies related to mental health and education should take into account the unique needs of emerging adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almir Diego Brito
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana B. Soares
- Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waizman YH, Sedykin AE, Guassi Moreira JF, Saragosa-Harris NM, Silvers JA, Peris TS. Emotion Regulation Strategies and Beliefs About Emotions Predict Psychosocial Outcomes in Response to Multiple Stressors. Affect Sci 2023; 4:275-290. [PMID: 37293683 PMCID: PMC10165282 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) strategies and beliefs about emotions (implicit theories of emotions; ITE) may shape psychosocial outcomes during turbulent times, including the transition to adulthood and college while encountering stressors. The normative stressors associated with these transitions were compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a novel opportunity to examine how emerging adults (EAs) cope with sustained stressors. Stress exposures can heighten existing individual differences and serve as "turning points" that predict psychosocial trajectories. This pre-registered study (https://osf.io/k8mes) of 101 EAs (18-19 years old) examined whether ITE (believing emotions can change or not; incremental vs. entity beliefs) and ER strategy usage (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression usage) predicted changes in anxiety symptomatology and feelings of loneliness across five longitudinal assessments (across a 6-month period) before and during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. On average, EAs' anxiety decreased after the pandemic outbreak but returned to baseline over time, while loneliness remained relatively unchanged across time. ITE explained variance in anxiety across time over and above reappraisal use. Conversely, reappraisal use explained variance in loneliness over and above ITE. For both anxiety and loneliness, suppression use resulted in maladaptive psychosocial outcomes across time. Thus, interventions that target ER strategies and ITE may ameliorate risk and promote resilience in EAs who experience increased instability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00187-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael H. Waizman
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Anna E. Sedykin
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | | | - Tara S. Peris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu Q, Ge J, Xu Y, Liang X, Yu Y, Shen S, Ma Y, Zhang J. The evolution of research on depression during COVID-19: A visual analysis using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061486. [PMID: 36561872 PMCID: PMC9764011 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to public health problems, including depression. There has been a significant increase in research on depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little attention has been paid to the overall trend in this field based on bibliometric analyses. Methods Co-Occurrence (COOC) and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were utilized to analyze depression in COVID-19 literature in the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS). The overall characteristics of depression during COVID-19 were summarized by analyzing the number of published studies, keywords, institutions, and countries. Results A total of 9,694 English original research articles and reviews on depression during COVID-19 were included in this study. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the countries with the largest number of publications and had close cooperation with each other. Research institutions in each country were dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The most frequently published author was Ligang Zhang. Visualization analysis showed that influencing factors, adverse effects, and coping strategies were hotspots for research. Conclusion The results shed light on the burgeoning research on depression during COVID-19, particularly the relationship between depression and public health. In addition, future research on depression during COVID-19 should focus more on special groups and those at potential risk of depression in the general population, use more quantitative and qualitative studies combined with more attention to scale updates, and conduct longitudinal follow-ups of the outcomes of interventions. In conclusion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive view of the development of depression during COVID-19 and suggests a theoretical basis for future research on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiahao Ge
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyao Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Suqin Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China,*Correspondence: Jianzhen Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paschali M, Zhao Q, Adeli E, Pohl KM. Bridging the Gap between Deep Learning and Hypothesis-Driven Analysis via Permutation Testing. Predict Intell Med 2022; 13564:13-23. [PMID: 36342897 PMCID: PMC9632755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-16919-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental approach in neuroscience research is to test hypotheses based on neuropsychological and behavioral measures, i.e., whether certain factors (e.g., related to life events) are associated with an outcome (e.g., depression). In recent years, deep learning has become a potential alternative approach for conducting such analyses by predicting an outcome from a collection of factors and identifying the most "informative" ones driving the prediction. However, this approach has had limited impact as its findings are not linked to statistical significance of factors supporting hypotheses. In this article, we proposed a flexible and scalable approach based on the concept of permutation testing that integrates hypothesis testing into the data-driven deep learning analysis. We apply our approach to the yearly self-reported assessments of 621 adolescent participants of the National Consortium of Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) to predict negative valence, a symptom of major depressive disorder according to the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Our method successfully identifies categories of risk factors that further explain the symptom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Paschali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Q, Wang K, Kiss O, Yuksel D, de Zambotti M, Clark DB, Goldston DB, Nooner KB, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Thompson WK, Nagel BJ, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Baker FC. Earlier Bedtime and Effective Coping Skills Predict a Return to Low-Risk of Depression in Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191610300. [PMID: 36011934 PMCID: PMC9408272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the persistent effects of the pandemic on mental health in young adults, we categorized depressive symptom trajectories and sought factors that promoted a reduction in depressive symptoms in high-risk individuals. Specifically, longitudinal analysis investigated changes in the risk for depression before and during the pandemic until December 2021 in 399 young adults (57% female; age range: 22.8 ± 2.6 years) in the United States (U.S.) participating in the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) was administered multiple times before and during the pandemic. A score ≥10 identified individuals at high-risk for depression. Self-reported sleep behavior, substance use, and coping skills at the start of the pandemic were assessed as predictors for returning to low-risk levels while controlling for demographic factors. The analysis identified four trajectory groups regarding depression risk, with 38% being at low-risk pre-pandemic through 2021, 14% showing persistent high-risk pre-pandemic through 2021, and the remainder converting to high-risk either in June 2020 (30%) or later (18%). Of those who became high-risk in June 2020, 51% were no longer at high-risk in 2021. Logistic regression revealed that earlier bedtime and, for the older participants (mid to late twenties), better coping skills were associated with this declining risk. Results indicate divergence in trajectories of depressive symptoms, with a considerable number of young adults developing persistent depressive symptoms. Healthy sleep behavior and specific coping skills have the potential to promote remittance from depressive symptoms in the context of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dilara Yuksel
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David B. Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lannoy S, Fama R, Sassoon SA, Le Berre AP, Asok P, Zahr NM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. A prospective study revealing a compounded burden of COVID-19, sex, and clinical diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and HIV infection on quality of life, anxiety, and alcohol use. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:152-159. [PMID: 35724497 PMCID: PMC9192099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented restrictions to mitigate disease spread, leading to consequences affecting mental health. Many studies examining COVID-19 pandemic effects on well-being and mental health initiated inquiry after the pandemic onset, whereas we used self-report questionnaires obtained before the pandemic to re-assess the same functions during the pandemic. Participants were drawn from our ongoing longitudinal studies of people with HIV infection, alcohol use disorder (AUD), HIV + AUD comorbidity, and controls. We used phone or mail contact to invite all to participate in our COVID phone survey, which included three self-report questionnaires: Health-related Quality of Life (QoL), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Of 218 eligible participants, 86 responded (July 2020-March 2021): clinical (29 men, 23 women; 17 AUD, 21 HIV, 14 HIV + AUD); control (17 men, 17 women). QoL scores declined, and anxiety symptoms increased from pre-COVID surveys in all groups; clinical women reported greater negative changes than the other groups. QoL subscales revealed COVID-related declines in emotional well-being in all groups, with clinical women reporting additional declines in energy, physical and social functioning, health, and pain increase. Clinical men also reported health declines. Although AUDIT scores were stable in all groups between assessments, changes in AUDIT scores were inversely correlated with QoL scores in clinical women; in clinical men, changes in STAI scores were inversely correlated with QoL scores. Although all groups were adversely affected by the pandemic, the negative effects were greater in the clinical group regardless of diagnosis and greatest in clinical women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lannoy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Priya Asok
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herbert C. Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs. Front Public Health 2022; 10:849093. [PMID: 35548074 PMCID: PMC9082407 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders (e.g., depression) and sedentary behavior are increasing, also among emerging adults. One particular target group of emerging adults with high sitting times and vulnerability to mental disorders are university students. In particular, anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as stress symptoms are very common among university students. The present manuscript discusses whether physical activity and exercise interventions can help to promote the mental health of emerging adults such as university students. The manuscript will summarize current scientific evidence and based on this evidence, introduce an university-based scientific research project that investigates if physical activity, exercise interventions and acute bouts of exercise of low- to moderate intensity can buffer perceived stress, alleviate mental health symptoms and strengthen well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among university students by positively influencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and emotion perception, body awareness and subjective well-being including overall quality of life. The research project, its concept, multimethod approach, and first results from available studies are discussed in relation to current scientific evidence, health care needs and future developments. The results from the studies conducted within the research project so far and that are briefly summarized in this manuscript suggest that physical activity, mental health and well-being are positively related, also in university students as an important group of emerging adults. The results further suggest that exercise interventions comprising aerobic exercises of low- to moderate intensity may work best to improve mental health (alleviate depressive symptoms and perceived stress) among university students after a few weeks of intervention. In addition, acute bouts of certain types of exercises (yoga in particular) seem to be particularly effective in changing perception of bodily signals, cardiac activity and emotion processing immediately after the exercise. The results underscore the importance of systematic investigations of the combined examination of psychological and physiological factors that promote an active lifestyle and that strengthen mental health and well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among emerging adults such as university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lorkiewicz SA, Baker FC, Müller-Oehring EM, Haas A, Wickham R, Sassoon SA, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Schulte T. A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866051. [PMID: 35599753 PMCID: PMC9120418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescents, the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) and distinct cognitive changes lasting beyond intoxication is unclear. We examined ARBs as a predictor of persistent changes in the development of learning, memory, and executive function in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. METHODS Descriptive analyses of the NCANDA sample (N = 831, 50.9% female, 12-21 years at baseline) identified ARB patterns within participants with an ARB history (n = 106). Latent growth curve modeling evaluated ARB-related performance changes on four neuropsychological measures across five years, excluding baseline data to reduce the magnitude of practice effects over time (n = 790). Measures included the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET), Penn Letter N-back Test (PLBT), Penn Facial Memory Test immediate (PFMTi), and delayed (PFMTd) recognition trials, and the Rey Complex Figure Test copy (RCFTc), immediate recall (RCFTi), and delayed recall (RCFTd) trials. Multivariate models were fit for raw accuracy scores from each measure, with ARB history (i.e., presence of past-year ARBs) as the main independent variable. Age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, assessment site, and alcohol use (i.e., past-year frequency) were included as covariates. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency were tested. RESULTS By year five, 16% of participants had experienced at least one ARB (59% of whom reported > 1 ARB and 57% of whom had an ARB lasting > 1 h). After controlling for demographics and alcohol use, ARB history predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at year one. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at years one and two. ARB history predicted attenuated RCFTi and RCFTd performance growth by year four, but not PCET or PLBT performance over time. By contrast, greater past-year alcohol use predicted attenuated PFMTi and PFMTd performance growth between years two and four in adolescents without an ARB history. CONCLUSION We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lorkiewicz
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amie Haas
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Robert Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|