1
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Lu Q, Guan X, You X, Xu Z, Zenobi R. High-Spatial Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Fiber Probe Laser Ablation-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14694-14700. [PMID: 34699179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MSI) is a powerful tool in many fields; however, there are still some difficulties to achieve high spatial resolution for AP-MSI, one of them being the need for a small ablation crater. Here, a fiber probe laser ablation (FPLA) system is introduced that uses an etched optical fiber with a sharp tip (o.d. 200 nm) to deliver ablation laser pulses to a sample surface to ablate materials with high spatial resolution. The tip-to-sample distance was adjusted to ∼10 μm using a micro-actuator having a stepping motor with submicron accuracy. The laser-ablated neutrals were post-ionized using a home-built in-line dielectric barrier discharge source, which can be interfaced to any mass spectrometer with an AP interface. Using MSI on a standard sample with a striped pattern and sections of fingernails treated with the drug methyl green zinc chloride salt, a FPLA-DBDI-MSI spatial resolution of ≈5 μm was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaokang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue You
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhouyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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2
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Meng Y, Gao C, Lin Z, Hang W, Huang B. Nanoscale laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy imaging reveals chemical distribution with subcellular resolution. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:3983-3990. [PMID: 36132784 PMCID: PMC9417275 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding chemical compositions is one of the most important parts in exploring the microscopic world. As a simple method for elemental detection, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is widely used in materials, geological and life science fields. However, due to the long-existing limitation in spatial resolution, it is difficult for LIBS to play an analytical role in the field of micro-world. Herein, we first report a reliable nanoscale resolution LIBS imaging technique by introducing a sampling laser with a micro-lensed fiber. Through the emission enhancement using the double-pulse laser, we obtained the spectral signal from a sampling crater of less than 500 nanometers in diameter, and visualized the chemical distribution of the self-made grid sample, SIM chip and nano-particles in single cells. The relative limits of detection (RLODs) of In and absolute limits of detection (ALODs) of Al can reach 0.6% and 18.3 fg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chaohong Gao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Benli Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Z. Samarah
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry George Washington University Washington DC USA
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4
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Meng Y, Cheng X, Wang T, Hang W, Li X, Nie W, Liu R, Lin Z, Hang L, Yin Z, Zhang B, Yan X. Micro‐Lensed Fiber Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Subcellular Distribution of Drugs within Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17864-17871. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wan Nie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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5
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Meng Y, Cheng X, Wang T, Hang W, Li X, Nie W, Liu R, Lin Z, Hang L, Yin Z, Zhang B, Yan X. Micro‐Lensed Fiber Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Subcellular Distribution of Drugs within Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wan Nie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing College of Materials Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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6
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Meng Y, Ma S, Zhang Z, Hang W. 3D Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Core–Shell Microspheres via Microlensed Fiber Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9916-9921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hexin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yifan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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8
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Yin Z, Cheng X, Liu R, Li X, Hang L, Hang W, Xu J, Yan X, Li J, Tian Z. Chemical and Topographical Single‐Cell Imaging by Near‐Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4541-4546. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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9
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Yin Z, Cheng X, Liu R, Li X, Hang L, Hang W, Xu J, Yan X, Li J, Tian Z. Chemical and Topographical Single‐Cell Imaging by Near‐Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Le Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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10
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Forbes TP, Staymates M, Sisco E. Broad spectrum infrared thermal desorption of wipe-based explosive and narcotic samples for trace mass spectrometric detection. Analyst 2018; 142:3002-3010. [PMID: 28744547 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wipe collected analytes were thermally desorbed using broad spectrum near infrared heating for mass spectrometric detection. Employing a twin tube filament-based infrared emitter, rapid and efficiently powered thermal desorption and detection of nanogram levels of explosives and narcotics was demonstrated. The infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) platform developed here used multi-mode heating (direct radiation and secondary conduction from substrate and subsequent convection from air) and a temperature ramp to efficiently desorb analytes with vapor pressures across eight orders of magnitude. The wipe substrate experienced heating rates up to (85 ± 2) °C s-1 with a time constant of (3.9 ± 0.2) s for 100% power emission. The detection of trace analytes was also demonstrated from complex mixtures, including plastic-bonded explosives and exogenous narcotics, explosives, and metabolites from collected artificial latent fingerprints. Manipulation of the emission power and duration directly controlled the heating rate and maximum temperature, enabling differential thermal desorption and a level of upstream separation for enhanced specificity. Transitioning from 100% power and 5 s emission duration to 25% power and 30 s emission enabled an order of magnitude increase in the temporal separation (single seconds to tens of seconds) of the desorption of volatile and semi-volatile species within a collected fingerprint. This mode of operation reduced local gas-phase concentrations, reducing matrix effects experienced with high concentration mixtures. IRTD provides a unique platform for the desorption of trace analytes from wipe collections, an area of importance to the security sector, transportation agencies, and customs and border protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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11
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Liang Z, Zhang S, Li X, Wang T, Huang Y, Hang W, Yang Z, Li J, Tian Z. Tip-enhanced ablation and ionization mass spectrometry for nanoscale chemical analysis. Sci Adv 2017; 3:eaaq1059. [PMID: 29226250 PMCID: PMC5722649 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods with nanoscale lateral resolution are becoming essential in the fields of physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and materials science. However, the lateral resolution of laser-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques has so far been limited to the microscale. This report presents the development of tip-enhanced ablation and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TEAI-TOFMS), using a shell-isolated apertureless silver tip. The TEAI-TOFMS results indicate the capability and reproducibility of the system for generating nanosized craters and for acquiring the corresponding mass spectral signals. Multi-elemental analysis of nine inorganic salt residues and MSI of a potassium salt residue pattern at a 50-nm lateral resolution were achieved. These results demonstrate the opportunity for the distribution of chemical compositions at the nanoscale to be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Liang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shudi Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (W.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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13
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Abstract
Tip-based nanofabrication (TBN) is a family of emerging nanofabrication techniques that use a nanometer scale tip to fabricate nanostructures. In this review, we first introduce the history of the TBN and the technology development. We then briefly review various TBN techniques that use different physical or chemical mechanisms to fabricate features and discuss some of the state-of-the-art techniques. Subsequently, we focus on those TBN methods that have demonstrated potential to scale up the manufacturing throughput. Finally, we discuss several research directions that are essential for making TBN a scalable nano-manufacturing technology.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhang
- College
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid
State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School
of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- School
of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Liang Z, Yin Z, Yang H, Xiao Y, Hang W, Li J. Nanoscale surface analysis that combines scanning probe microscopy and mass spectrometry: A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Ren L, Robertson WD, Reimer R, Heinze C, Schneider C, Eggert D, Truschow P, Hansen NO, Kroetz P, Zou J, Miller RJD. Towards instantaneous cellular level bio diagnosis: laser extraction and imaging of biological entities with conserved integrity and activity. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:284001. [PMID: 26111866 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/28/284001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The prospect for spatial imaging with mass spectroscopy at the level of the cell requires new means of cell extraction to conserve molecular structure. To this aim, we demonstrate a new laser extraction process capable of extracting intact biological entities with conserved biological function. The method is based on the recently developed picosecond infrared laser (PIRL), designed specifically to provide matrix-free extraction by selectively exciting the water vibrational modes under the condition of ultrafast desorption by impulsive vibrational excitation (DIVE). The basic concept is to extract the constituent protein structures on the fastest impulsive limit for ablation to avoid excessive thermal heating of the proteins and to use strongly resonant 1-photon conditions to avoid multiphoton ionization and degradation of the sample integrity. With various microscope imaging and biochemical analysis methods, nanoscale single protein molecules, viruses, and cells in the ablation plume are found to be morphologically and functionally identical with their corresponding controls. This method provides a new means to resolve chemical activity within cells and is amenable to subcellular imaging with near-field approaches. The most important finding is the conserved nature of the extracted biological material within the laser ablation plume, which is fully consistent with in vivo structures and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ren
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Nudnova MM, Sigg J, Wallimann P, Zenobi R. Plasma Ionization Source for Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry Imaging Using Near-Field Optical Laser Ablation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1323-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504039w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryia M. Nudnova
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Sigg
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wallimann
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Ghorai S, Seneviratne CA, Murray KK. Tip-enhanced laser ablation sample transfer for biomolecule mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:63-70. [PMID: 25287125 PMCID: PMC4276512 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscope (AFM) tip-enhanced laser ablation was used to transfer molecules from thin films to a suspended silver wire for off-line mass spectrometry using laser desorption ionization (LDI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). An AFM with a 30 nm radius gold-coated silicon tip was used to image the sample and to hold the tip 15 nm from the surface for material removal using a 355 nm Nd:YAG laser. The ablated material was captured on a silver wire that was held 300 μm vertically and 100 μm horizontally from the tip. For the small molecules anthracene and rhodamine 6G, the wire was cut and affixed to a metal target using double-sided conductive tape and analyzed by LDI using a commercial laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Approximately 100 fg of material was ablated from each of the 1 μm ablation spots and transferred with approximately 3% efficiency. For larger polypeptide molecules angiotensin II and bovine insulin, the captured material was dissolved in saturated matrix solution and deposited on a target for MALDI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ghorai
- Louisiana State University, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | | | - Kermit K. Murray
- Louisiana State University, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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Dreisewerd K. Recent methodological advances in MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2261-78. [PMID: 24652146 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for characterization of large, thermally labile biomolecules. Advantages of this analytical technique are high sensitivity, robustness, high-throughput capacity, and applicability to a wide range of compound classes. For some years, MALDI-MS has also been increasingly used for mass spectrometric imaging as well as in other areas of clinical research. Recently, several new concepts have been presented that have the potential to further advance the performance characteristics of MALDI. Among these innovations are novel matrices with low proton affinities for particularly efficient protonation of analyte molecules, use of wavelength-tunable lasers to achieve optimum excitation conditions, and use of liquid matrices for improved quantification. Instrumental modifications have also made possible MALDI-MS imaging with cellular resolution as well as an efficient generation of multiply charged MALDI ions by use of heated vacuum interfaces. This article reviews these recent innovations and gives the author's personal outlook of possible future developments.
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Ehlert S, Walte A, Zimmermann R. Ambient Pressure Laser Desorption and Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Explosives. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11047-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Correlated chemical imaging is an emerging strategy for acquisition of images by combining information from multiplexed measurement platforms to track, visualize, and interpret in situ changes in the structure, organization, and activities of interesting chemical systems, frequently spanning multiple decades in space and time. Acquiring and correlating information from complementary imaging experiments has the potential to expose complex chemical behavior in ways that are simply not available from single methods applied in isolation, thereby greatly amplifying the information gathering power of imaging experiments. However, in order to correlate image information across platforms, a number of issues must be addressed. First, signals are obtained from disparate experiments with fundamentally different figures of merit, including pixel size, spatial resolution, dynamic range, and acquisition rates. In addition, images are often acquired on different instruments in different locations, so the sample must be registered spatially so that the same area of the sample landscape is addressed. The signals acquired must be correlated in both spatial and temporal domains, and the resulting information has to be presented in a way that is readily understood. These requirements pose special challenges for image cross-correlation that go well beyond those posed in single technique imaging approaches. The special opportunities and challenges that attend correlated imaging are explored by specific reference to correlated mass spectrometric and Raman imaging, a topic of substantial and growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Masyuko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Ehlert S, Hölzer J, Rittgen J, Pütz M, Schulte-Ladbeck R, Zimmermann R. Rapid on-site detection of explosives on surfaces by ambient pressure laser desorption and direct inlet single photon ionization or chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6979-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hoffmann JA, Gamari B, Raghu D, Reeves ME. Tip preparation for near-field ablation at mid-infrared wavelengths. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:103703. [PMID: 23126770 DOI: 10.1063/1.4757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A fabrication method for high-throughput, fiber-based tips for near-field scanning microscopy (NSOM) in the mid-infrared (λ ~ 3 μm) has been developed. Several fiber materials have been investigated and recipes for wet-chemical etching have been varied to produce tips that are physically robust and are capable of low-loss transmission of high-power pulses of mid-infrared light. Ultimately, wet-chemical etching techniques are used on glass fibers to produce tips capable of focusing mid-infrared light to ablate material from sub-micron-sized regions of organic films. The power throughput of the tips is significantly increased by using a novel material, previously unreported for NSOM applications: germanate fibers. The tips produced are mechanically strong and capable of transmitting high light fluence without sustaining physical damage. Here, the development of these tips and their performance are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan A Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE Imaging mass spectrometry with high spatial resolution has become a rapidly developing area of mass spectrometric research. Many scientific and industrial problems deal with mass spectrometric analysis at ambient pressures. This requires efficient transport and ionization of small amounts of substance. METHODS An active sampling capillary based on a dielectric barrier discharge was constructed for ambient mass spectrometry. The capillary serves as an ionization source as well as an atmospheric interface of the mass spectrometer. The analyzed samples are transported through the sampling capillary due to the pressure difference between the atmospheric environment and the vacuum in the mass spectrometer. Ionization of the transported samples is provided by a low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge. This active capillary was shown to work in a robust fashion for ionizing both gas-phase and laser-ablated solid-phase samples. RESULTS The geometry of the electrodes was found to play a crucial role in ionization efficiency. The capillary was optimized in order to perform surface analysis of solid samples. Sensitivity tests were carried out to characterize different active capillary constructions. The sensitivity of the constructed active capillary was 0.1 ppb (relative concentration of a gaseous sample in ambient air). The active capillary was able to detect samples evaporated from a solid surface. With the active capillary source, it was possible to detect anthracene traces evaporated from a surface located 3 cm from the capillary inlet. CONCLUSIONS A plasma-based active capillary ionization source was constructed. This concept of an active sample inlet should broaden the range of applications of ambient mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryia M Nudnova
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Lanni EJ, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Mass spectrometry imaging and profiling of single cells. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5036-5051. [PMID: 22498881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging and profiling of individual cells and subcellular structures provide unique analytical capabilities for biological and biomedical research, including determination of the biochemical heterogeneity of cellular populations and intracellular localization of pharmaceuticals. Two mass spectrometry technologies-secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS)-are most often used in micro-bioanalytical investigations. Recent advances in ion probe technologies have increased the dynamic range and sensitivity of analyte detection by SIMS, allowing two- and three-dimensional localization of analytes in a variety of cells. SIMS operating in the mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) mode can routinely reach spatial resolutions at the submicron level; therefore, it is frequently used in studies of the chemical composition of subcellular structures. MALDI MS offers a large mass range and high sensitivity of analyte detection. It has been successfully applied in a variety of single-cell and organelle profiling studies. Innovative instrumentation such as scanning microprobe MALDI and mass microscope spectrometers enables new subcellular MSI measurements. Other approaches for MS-based chemical imaging and profiling include those based on near-field laser ablation and inductively-coupled plasma MS analysis, which offer complementary capabilities for subcellular chemical imaging and profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Lanni
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute of Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute of Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute of Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
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Nemes P, Huang H, Vertes A. Internal energy deposition and ion fragmentation in atmospheric-pressure mid-infrared laser ablation electrospray ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2501-7. [PMID: 22249858 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared laser ablation of water-rich targets at the maximum of the 2.94 μm absorption band is a two-step process initiated by phase explosion followed by recoil pressure induced material ejection. Particulates and/or droplets ejected by this high temperature high pressure process can be ionized for mass spectrometry by charged droplets from an electrospray. In order to gauge the internal energy introduced in this laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI®) process, we apply the survival yield method and compare the results with electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). The results indicate that LAESI yields ions with internal energies indistinguishable from those produced by ESI. This finding is consistent with the recoil pressure induced ejection of low micrometre droplets that does not significantly change the internal energy of solute molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Wang HAO, Grolimund D, Van Loon LR, Barmettler K, Borca CN, Aeschlimann B, Günther D. Quantitative Chemical Imaging of Element Diffusion into Heterogeneous Media Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Synchrotron Micro-X-ray Fluorescence, and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6259-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200899x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. O. Wang
- Trace Element and Micro Analysis Group, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - K. Barmettler
- Soil Chemistry, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - B. Aeschlimann
- Trace Element and Micro Analysis Group, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D. Günther
- Trace Element and Micro Analysis Group, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Stolee JA, Vertes A. Polarization dependent fragmentation of ions produced by laser desorption from nanopost arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9140-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The use of MS imaging (MSI) to resolve the spatial and pharmacodynamic distributions of compounds in tissues is emerging as a powerful tool for pharmacological research. Unlike established imaging techniques, only limited a priori knowledge is required and no extensive manipulation (e.g., radiolabeling) of drugs is necessary prior to dosing. MS provides highly multiplexed detection, making it possible to identify compounds, their metabolites and other changes in biomolecular abundances directly off tissue sections in a single pass. This can be employed to obtain near cellular, or potentially subcellular, resolution images. Consideration of technical limitations that affect the process is required, from sample preparation through to analyte ionization and detection. The techniques have only recently been adapted for imaging and novel variations to the established MSI methodologies will further enhance the application of MSI for pharmacological research.
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Bouschen W, Schulz O, Eikel D, Spengler B. Matrix vapor deposition/recrystallization and dedicated spray preparation for high-resolution scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (SMALDI-MS) of tissue and single cells. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:355-364. [PMID: 20049881 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Matrix preparation techniques such as air spraying or vapor deposition were investigated with respect to lateral migration, integration of analyte into matrix crystals and achievable lateral resolution for the purpose of high-resolution biological imaging. The accessible mass range was found to be beyond 5000 u with sufficient analytical sensitivity. Gas-assisted spraying methods (using oxygen-free gases) provide a good compromise between crystal integration of analyte and analyte migration within the sample. Controlling preparational parameters with this method, however, is difficult. Separation of the preparation procedure into two steps, instead, leads to an improved control of migration and incorporation. The first step is a dry vapor deposition of matrix onto the investigated sample. In a second step, incorporation of analyte into the matrix crystal is enhanced by a controlled recrystallization of matrix in a saturated water atmosphere. With this latter method an effective analytical resolution of 2 microm in the x and y direction was achieved for scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (SMALDI-MS). Cultured A-498 cells of human renal carcinoma were successfully investigated by high-resolution MALDI imaging using the new preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Bouschen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Schubertstr. 60, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Depending on age, phase in the cell cycle, nutrition, and environmental factors, individual cells exhibit large metabolic diversity. To explore metabolic variations in cell populations, laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the in situ analysis of individual cells at atmospheric pressure. Single cell ablation was achieved by delivering mid-IR laser pulses through the etched tip of a GeO(2)-based glass fiber. Metabolic analysis was performed from single cells and small cell populations of Allium cepa and Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulb epidermis, as well as single eggs of Lytechinus pictus. Of the 332 peaks detected for A. cepa, 35 were assigned to metabolites with the help of accurate ion masses and tandem MS. The metabolic profiles from single cells of the two plant species included a large variety of oligosaccharides including possibly fructans in A. cepa, and alkaloids, e.g., lycorine in N. pseudonarcissus. Analysis of adjacent individual cells with a difference in pigmentation showed that, in addition to essential metabolites found in both variants, the pigmented cells contained anthocyanidins, other flavonoids, and their glucosides. Analysis of single epidermal cells from different scale leaves in an A. cepa bulb showed metabolic differences corresponding to their age. Our results indicate the feasibility of using LAESI-MS for the in situ analysis of metabolites in single cells with potential applications in studying cell differentiation, changes due to disease states, and response to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindesh Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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35
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Deckert-Gaudig T, Deckert V. Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) and high-resolution bio nano-analysis—a comparison. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12040-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c003316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fernández B, Costa JM, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A. Inorganic mass spectrometry as a tool for characterisation at the nanoscale. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:15-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu L, Gamez G, Schmitz TA, Krumeich F, Zenobi R. Material ejection and redeposition following atmospheric pressure near-field laser ablation on molecular solids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:163-72. [PMID: 19582436 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Near-field laser ablation (NF-LA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is very promising for highly spatially resolved chemical analyses on various substrates at atmospheric pressure, for example, in materials and life science applications. Although nanoscale sample craters can be produced routinely, no molecular mass spectra of ablated material from craters of <or=1 microm diameter have ever been acquired by NF-LA MS at atmospheric pressure. Some of the pressing questions are thus how much of the ablated material is transported into the mass spectrometer and in what form. Therefore, material redeposition on the near-field tip's surface from laser ablation of molecular solids was characterized with scanning electron microscopy. The crater profiles were studied by scanning probe microscopy. The results shown in this study demonstrate that there could be as much as 70% of the ablated material deposited on the near-field tip's surface. The redeposited products were found to be confined to a height of approximately 50 microm, thus suggesting that most components inside near-field ablation plumes propagate about the same distance for both anthracene and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum. Nanoparticles ablated from craters of <or=1 microm diameter are clearly observed. Furthermore, observation of tips after ablation of an anthracene surface angled at 60 degrees with respect to a horizontal surface shows that the direction of the near-field ablation plume is neither in the direction of the surface normal nor towards the axis of incident laser beam but deflected further away from surface normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Zoriy MV, Becker JS. Near-field laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a novel elemental analytical technique at the nanometer scale. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:23-30. [PMID: 19051233 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytical technique utilizing a near-field effect (to enhance the incident light energy on the thin tip of an Ag needle) in a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (NF-LA-ICP-MS) procedure was developed. To produce the thin needles with a tip diameter in the hundreds of nm range a robust needle etching procedure was established. The 'sample-to-tip' distance was controlled via the measurement of a tunnel current between the needle and sample surface. The NF-LA-ICP-MS technique thus developed was applied for the analysis of copper isotopic standard reference material NIST SRM 976 and tungsten-molybdenum alloy NIST SRM 480 in the nm resolution range. The observed craters ranged from 200 nm to about 2 microm in diameter and were dependent on the needle used as well as on the 'sample-to-tip' distance. The mass spectrometric measurements of (63)Cu(+) ion intensity on NIST SRM 976 showed that using near-field enhancement in laser ablation allowed a roughly 6-fold increase in the ion intensity of the analyte when the needle was about 100 nm (and below) from the surface, in contrast to when it was far away (e.g. 10 microm) from the sample. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the (65)Cu(+)/(63)Cu(+) isotopic ratio measurements by NF-LA-ICP-MS was 3.9% (n = 9). The detection efficiencies obtained for the compared LA-ICP-MS and NF-LA-ICP-MS methods were found to be 4.6 x 10(-3) counts per second (cps)/ablated atom and 2.7 x 10(-5) cps/ablated atom, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslav V Zoriy
- Central Division of Analytical Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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39
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Meyer KA, Ovchinnikova O, Ng K, Goeringer DE. Development of a scanning surface probe for nanoscale tip-enhanced desorption/ablation. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:123710. [PMID: 19123572 DOI: 10.1063/1.3053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a versatile scanning apparatus for nanoscale surface sampling that utilizes the interaction of laser radiation at a sharp probe tip to effect desorption/ablation on opaque substrates. The process, which currently yields surface craters as small as approximately 50 nm diameterx5 nm deep, has been demonstrated with both metal-coated and bare silicon tips. Desorption/ablation under the tip occurs at illumination intensities below the corresponding optical far-field threshold, suggesting that the latter process should not degrade the spatial resolution attainable for proposed chemical imaging methods based on the scanning surface probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Meyer
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, USA
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40
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Schmitz TA, Gamez G, Setz PD, Zhu L, Zenobi R. Towards Nanoscale Molecular Analysis at Atmospheric Pressure by a Near-Field Laser Ablation Ion Trap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6537-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8005044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick D. Setz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Y, Allegood J, Liu Y, Wang E, Cachón-Gonzalez B, Cox TM, Merrill AH, Sullards MC. Imaging MALDI mass spectrometry using an oscillating capillary nebulizer matrix coating system and its application to analysis of lipids in brain from a mouse model of Tay-Sachs/Sandhoff disease. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2780-8. [PMID: 18314967 DOI: 10.1021/ac702350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The quality of tissue imaging by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) depends on the effectiveness of the matrix deposition, especially for lipids that may dissolve in the solvent used for the matrix application. This article describes the use of an oscillating capillary nebulizer (OCN) to spray small droplets of matrix aerosol onto the sample surface for improved matrix homogeneity, reduced crystal size, and controlled solvent effects. This system was then applied to the analysis of histological slices of brains from mice with homozygous disruption of the hexb gene (hexb-/-), a model of Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, versus the functionally normal heterozygote (hexb+/-) by imaging MALDI-MS. This allowed profiling and localization of many different lipid species, and of particular interest, ganglioside GM2, asialo-GM2 (GA2), and sulfatides (ST). The presence of these compounds was confirmed by analysis of brain extracts using electrospray ionization in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The major fatty acid of the ceramide backbone of both GM2 and GA2 was identified as stearic acid (18:0) versus nervonic acid (24:1) for ST by both tissue-imaging MS and ESI-MS/MS. GM2 and GA2 were highly elevated in hexb-/- and were both localized in the granular cell region of the cerebellum. ST, however, was localized mainly in myelinated fiber (white matter) region of the cerebellum as well as in the brain stem with a relatively uniform distribution and had similar relative signal intensity for both hexb+/- and hexb-/- brain. It was also observed that there were distinct localizations for numerous other lipid subclasses; hence, imaging MALDI-MS could be used for "lipidomic" studies. These results illustrate the usefulness of tissue-imaging MALDI-MS with matrix deposition by OCN for histologic comparison of lipids in tissues such as brains from this mouse model of Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, 315 Ferst Drive, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, USA
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Eiceman GA, Young D, Schmidt H, Rodriguez JE, Baumbach JI, Vautz W, Lake DA, Johnston MV. Ion mobility spectrometry of gas-phase ions from laser ablation of solids in air at ambient pressure. Appl Spectrosc 2007; 61:1076-1083. [PMID: 17958958 DOI: 10.1366/000370207782217671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A mobility spectrometer was used to characterize gas-phase ions produced from laser ablation of solids in air at 100 degrees C and at ambient pressure with a beam focused to a diameter of <or=0.2 mm at energy of 6 mJ/pulse and wavelength of 266 nm. Metals, organic polymers, glass, graphite, and boron nitride exhibited characteristic mobility spectra with peaks at drift times between 8.75 and 12.5 ms (reduced mobility values of 2.19 to 1.53 cm(2)/Vs). Ion intensities increased initially and then decreased with repeated laser shots through drilling of the solid, and persistence of signal was proportional to hardness. A single comparatively narrow peak for negative ions was observed in mobility spectra for all materials and this was mass-identified as O(2)(-). These ions were formed in air from reactions of oxygen with electrons emitted from the ablation step. Positive ions ablated directly from the solid were masked in ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (IMS/MS) studies by ionization of moisture and impurities. Positive ions from solids were seen only in the IMS analyzer at elevated temperature and low moisture. Under such conditions, materials were classified from mobility spectra alone with principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
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Rasmussen A, Deckert V. New dimension in nano-imaging: breaking through the diffraction limit with scanning near-field optical microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004; 381:165-72. [PMID: 15551072 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has developed into a powerful surface analytical technique for observing specimens with lateral resolution equal to or even better than 100 nm. A large number of applications, from material science to biology, have been reported. In this paper, two different kinds of near-field optical microscopy, aperture and scattering-type SNOM, are reviewed together with recent studies in surface analysis and biology. Here, near-field optical techniques are discussed in comparison with related methods, such as scanning probe and standard optical microscopy, with respect to their specific advantages and fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Rasmussen
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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Abstract
A new method of desorption ionization is described and applied to the ionization of various compounds, including peptides and proteins present on metal, polymer, and mineral surfaces. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is carried out by directing electrosprayed charged droplets and ions of solvent onto the surface to be analyzed. The impact of the charged particles on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface. The resulting mass spectra are similar to normal ESI mass spectra in that they show mainly singly or multiply charged molecular ions of the analytes. The DESI phenomenon was observed both in the case of conductive and insulator surfaces and for compounds ranging from nonpolar small molecules such as lycopene, the alkaloid coniceine, and small drugs, through polar compounds such as peptides and proteins. Changes in the solution that is sprayed can be used to selectively ionize particular compounds, including those in biological matrices. In vivo analysis is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Takáts
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Ham RV, Vaeck LV, Adriaens A, Adams F. Static secondary ion mass spectrometry for organic and inorganic molecular analysis in solids. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coon JJ, Harrison WW. Laser desorption-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of peptides from aqueous solutions. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5600-5. [PMID: 12433094 DOI: 10.1021/ac020402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recently reported ionization method, comprising an infrared (IR) laser pulse to desorb (LD) analyte species, followed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with a corona discharge (LD-APCI) to effect ionization of the desorbed neutral analyte molecules, is described for the direct analysis of aqueous peptide solutions. The source employs a heated capillary atmospheric pressure (AP) inlet coupled to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer and allows sampling under normal ambient air conditions. By use of the corona discharge, signals of the atmospheric pressure infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-IR-MALDI)-generated analyte protonated molecule were enhanced by factors as large as 1400. In addition, the acid modifier trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found to improve the AP-IR-MALDI-generated signal by a factor of approximately 10, whereas the LD-APCI generated signal yielded a 100-fold increase. In this study, the use of the corona discharge is described to enhance the analyte signal generated via AP-IR-MALDI and, as a tool, to probe the gas-phase neutral molecule population generated by the MALDI process. Finally, through the decoupling of desorption from ionization, implications regarding the application of LD-APCI for the direct analysis of numerous new analyte containing matrixes (e.g., polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), tissue, etc.) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Fye JL, Nelson HH, Mowery RL, Baronavski AP, Callahan JH. Scanning ultraviolet two-step laser mass spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions on creosote-contaminated soil particles. Anal Chem 2002; 74:3019-29. [PMID: 12141660 DOI: 10.1021/ac025510l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on creosote-contaminated soil has been examined with scanning ultraviolet two-step laser desorption/laser ionization mass spectroscopy (UV-L2MS). The instrument has been constructed in-house by modifying a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Two-dimensional chemical maps were accurately generated from model patterned PAH distributions. From examination of three-dimensional substrates, the depth of field of the experiment allows surfaces with roughness of up to 120 microm to be treated as a two-dimensional system and still achieve an accurate representation of the surface deposits. Soil was obtained from a former wood treatment facility. Individual particles of 100-1000 microm were mounted on indexed sample plates and examined by reflectance infrared microscopy, optical microscopy, and imaging UV-L2MS. The most intense PAH signals were associated with regions on the particles where clay/organic carbon deposits were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Fye
- Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Washington, DC 20375-5342, USA
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Spengler B, Hubert M. Scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (SMALDI) mass spectrometry: instrumentation for sub-micrometer resolved LDI and MALDI surface analysis. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2002; 13:735-48. [PMID: 12056573 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A new instrument and method is described for laterally resolved mass spectrometric surface analysis. Fields of application are in both the life sciences and the material sciences. The instrument provides for imaging of the distribution of selected sample components from natural and artificial surfaces. Samples are either analyzed by laser desorption ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry or, after preparation with a suitable matrix, by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Areas of 100 x 100 microm are scanned with minimal increments of 0.25 microm, and between 10,000 and 160,000 mass spectra are acquired per image within 3 to 50 min (scan rate up to 50 pixels per s). The effective lateral resolution is in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 microm depending on sample properties, preparation methods and laser wavelength. Optical investigation of the same sample area by UV confocal scanning laser microscopy was found to be very attractive in combination with scanning MALDI mass analysis because pixel-identical images can be created with both techniques providing for a strong increase in analytical information. This article describes the method and instrumentation, including first applicational examples in elemental analysis, imaging of pine tree roots, and investigation of MALDI sample morphology in biomolecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
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Creaser CS, Reynolds JC, Harvey DJ. Structural analysis of oligosaccharides by atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002; 16:176-184. [PMID: 11803538 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An ion source incorporating a fibre optic interface has been constructed for atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The configuration has been applied to the study of linear and complex oligosaccharides. Multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn, n = 2-4) experiments carried out in the ion trap enable extended fragmentation pathways to be investigated that yield structural information. Collisional activation of sodiated oligosaccharides, as demonstrated on the model compound maltoheptaose, produces primarily B and Y fragments resulting from cleavage of glycosidic bonds; fragments from cross-ring cleavages are also observed following further stages of tandem mass spectrometry, providing additional linkage information. The analyses of mixtures of complex oligosaccharides are demonstrated for N-linked glycans from chicken egg glycoproteins and a ribonuclease glycan mixture. Mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric data for sugars with molecular weights up to 4000 Da is shown for mixtures of linear dextrans and N-linked glycans. The use of MSn (n = 3, 4) on these complex molecules enabled structural information to be elucidated that confirms data observed in the MS/MS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Creaser
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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