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Sun T, Li M, Liu Q, Yu A, Cheng K, Ma J, Murphy S, McNutt PM, Zhang Y. Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9. [PMID: 38216854 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells, have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair. One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy, such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types. However, further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy, not only in the areas of exosome isolation, characterization, and engineering, but also in determining the optimal dose, timing, administration, and frequency of exosome therapy. Thus, optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer, ischemia, or inflammation. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Anyong Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Patrick Michael McNutt
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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Su TC, Vu-Dinh H, Lin SH, Do Quang L, Chu Duc T, Jen CP. The effect of magnetic bead size on the isolation efficiency of lung cancer cells in a serpentine microchannel with added cavities. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:7. [PMID: 38175269 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to examine the effect of magnetic bead (MB) size on the effectiveness of isolating lung cancer cells using the immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method in a serpentine microchannel with added cavities (SMAC) structure. Carboxylated magnetic beads were specifically conjugated to target cells through a modification procedure using aptamer materials. Cells immobilized with different sizes (in micrometers) of MBs were captured and isolated in the proposed device for comparison and analysis. The study yields significance regarding the clarification of device working principles by using a computational model. Furthermore, an accurate evaluation of the MB size impact on capture efficiency was achieved, including the issue of MB-cell accumulation at the inlet-channel interface, despite it being overlooked in many previous studies. As a result, our findings demonstrated an increasing trend in binding efficiency as the MB size decreased, evidenced by coverages of 50.5%, 60.1%, and 73.4% for sizes of 1.36 μm, 3.00 μm, and 4.50 μm, respectively. Additionally, the overall capture efficiency (without considering the inlet accumulation) was also higher for smaller MBs. However, when accounting for the actual number of cells entering the channel (i.e., the effective capture), larger MBs showed higher capture efficiency. The highest effective capture achieved was 88.4% for the size of 4.50 μm. This research provides an extensive insight into the impact of MB size on the performance of IMS-based devices and holds promise for the efficient separation of circulating cancer cells (CTCs) in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hien Vu-Dinh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing for High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Loc Do Quang
- Faculty of Physics, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Chu Duc
- Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunication, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chun-Ping Jen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing for High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A, Taghipour N, Soleimani M, Rahimpour A, Abbaszadeh HA. The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:351-366. [PMID: 37073662 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rduch T, Arn N, Kinkel J, Fischer T, Binet I, Hornung R, Herrmann IK. Magnetic blood purification-based soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 removal in comparison with dextran sulfate apheresis and therapeutic plasma exchange. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1309-1318. [PMID: 36995348 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia remains one of the most serious complications of pregnancy. Effective therapies are yet to be developed. Recent research has identified an imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors as a root cause of preeclampsia. In particular, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) has been shown to bind the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), reducing blood vessel growth. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that removal of the sFlt-1 protein may benefit patients with early onset preeclampsia. sFlt-1 may be removed by conventional blood purification techniques, such as therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and dextran sulfate apheresis (DSA), or emerging technologies, including extracorporeal magnetic blood purification (MBP). METHODS We compare the performance and selectivity of TPE, DSA, and MBP for the therapeutic removal of sFlt-1. For MPB, we employ magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with either sFlt-1 antibodies or the sFlt-1-binding partner, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS We demonstrate that sFlt-1 removal by MBP is feasible and significantly more selective than TPE and DSA at comparable sFlt-1 removal efficiencies (MBP 96%, TPE 92%, DSA 78%). During both TPE and DSA, complement factors (incl. C3c and C4) are depleted to a considerable extent (-90% for TPE, -55% for DSA), while in MBP, complement factor concentrations remain unaltered. We further demonstrate that the removal efficacy of sFlt-1 in the MBP approach is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle type and dose and can be optimized to reach clinically feasible throughputs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the highly selective removal of sFlt-1 and potential other disease-causing factors by extracorporeal magnetic blood purification may offer new prospects for preeclamptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rduch
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Arn
- Clinic for Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Janis Kinkel
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Fischer
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Binet
- Clinic for Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - René Hornung
- Department of Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vedarethinam V, Jeevanandam J, Acquah C, Danquah MK. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Protein Separation and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:125-159. [PMID: 37646997 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supplement to maintain protein levels and avoid protein deficiency. Hence, protein purification and extraction from natural sources are highly significant in biomedical applications. Chromatography, crude mechanical disruption, use of extractive chemicals, and electrophoresis are some of the methods applied to isolate specific proteins. Even though these methods possess several advantages, they are unable to extract specific proteins with high purity. A suitable alternative is the use of nanoparticles, which can be beneficial in protein purification and extraction. Notably, magnetic iron and iron-based nanoparticles have been employed in protein extraction processes and can be reused via demagnetization due to their magnetic property, smaller size, morphology, high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface charge-mediated property. This chapter is a summary of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that can be used for the biomolecular separation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadanasundari Vedarethinam
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Caleb Acquah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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Sun Y, Li H, Cui G, Wu X, Yang M, Piao Y, Bai Z, Wang L, Kraft M, Zhao W, Wen L. A magnetic nanoparticle assisted microfluidic system for low abundance cell sorting with high recovery. Micro and Nano Engineering 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Chen B, Zheng J, Gao K, Hu X, Guo SS, Zhao XZ, Liao F, Yang Y, Liu W. Noninvasive Optical Isolation and Identification of Circulating Tumor Cells Engineered by Fluorescent Microspheres. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:2768-2776. [PMID: 35537085 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare, meaning that current isolation strategies can hardly satisfy efficiency and cell biocompatibility requirements, which hinders clinical applications. In addition, the selected cells require immunofluorescence identification, which is a time-consuming and expensive process. Here, we developed a method to simultaneously separate and identify CTCs by the integration of optical force and fluorescent microspheres. Our method achieved high-purity separation of CTCs without damage through light manipulation and avoided additional immunofluorescence staining procedures, thus achieving rapid identification of sorted cells. White blood cells (WBCs) and CTCs are similar in size and density, which creates difficulties in distinguishing them optically. Therefore, fluorescent PS microspheres with high refractive index (RI) are designed here to capture the CTCs (PS-CTCs) and increase the average index of refraction of PS-CTCs. In optofluidic chips, PS-CTCs were propelled to the collection channel from the sample mixture, under the radiation of light force. Cells from the collection outlet were easily identified under a fluorescence microscope due to the fluorescence signals of PS microspheres. This method provides an approach for the sorting and identification of CTCs, which holds great potential for clinical applications in early diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Kefan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xuejia Hu
- Department of Electronic Engineering School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Shi-Shang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Gastroenterology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.,Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China.,Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Yang Z, Li Y, Wang Z. Recent Advances in the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:618. [PMID: 35335993 PMCID: PMC8949563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally occurring nanoscale vesicles that are released and received by almost all cells in the body. Exosomes can be transferred between cells and contain various molecular constitutes closely related to their origin and function, including proteins, lipids, and RNAs. The importance of exosomes in cellular communication makes them important vectors for delivering a variety of drugs throughout the body. Exosomes are ubiquitous in the circulatory system and can reach the site of injury or disease through a variety of biological barriers. Due to its unique structure and rich inclusions, it can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) inherit the physiological functions of MSCs, including repairing and regenerating tissues, suppressing inflammatory responses, and regulating the body’s immunity; therefore, MSCs-Exo can be used as a natural drug delivery carrier with therapeutic effects, and has been increasingly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the research progress of MSCs-Exo as drug delivery vectors and their application for various drug deliveries, providing ideas and references for the study of MSCs-Exo in recent years.
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Chen B, Wang G, Huang C, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chai Z, Guo SS, Zhao XZ, Yuan Y, Liu W. A light-induced hydrogel responsive platform to capture and selectively isolate single circulating tumor cells. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3504-3512. [PMID: 35171188 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients is a challenge due to the rarity of CTCs. Recently, various platforms to capture and release CTCs for downstream analysis have been developed. However, most of the reported release methods provide external stimuli to release all captured cells, which lead to lack of specificity in the pool of collected cells, and the external stimuli may affect the activity of the released cells. Here, we presented a simple method for single-cell recovery to overcome the shortcomings, which combined the nanostructures with a photocurable hydrogel, chondroitin sulfate methacryloyl (CSMA). In brief, we synthesized gelatin nanoparticles (Gnps) and modified them on flat glass (Gnp substrate) for the specific capture of CTCs. A 405 nm laser was projected onto the selected cells, and then CSMA was cured to encapsulate the selected CTCs. Unselected cells were removed with MMP-9 enzyme solution, and selected CTCs were recovered using a microcapillary. Finally, the photocurable hydrogel-encapsulated cells were analyzed by nucleic acid detection. In addition, the results suggested that the isolation platform showed good biocompatibility and successfully achieved the isolation of selected cells. In summary, our light-induced hydrogel responsive platform holds certain potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Ganggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Zhuomin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Shi-Shang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
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Li F, Wang M, Cai H, He Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Nondestructive capture, release, and detection of circulating tumor cells with cystamine-mediated folic acid decorated magnetic nanospheres. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9971-9979. [PMID: 33174893 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection and enumeration have been considered as a noninvasive biopsy method for the diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring of various types of cancers. However, CTCs are exceptionally rare, which makes CTC detection technologically challenging. In the past few decades, much effort has been focused on highly efficient CTC capture, while the activity of CTCs has often been ignored. Here, we develop an effective method for nondestructive CTC capture, release, and detection. Folic acid (FA), as a targeting molecule, is conjugated on magnetic nanospheres through a cleavable disulfide bond-containing linker (cystamine) and a polyethylene glycol (PEG2k) linker, forming MN@Cys@PEG2k-FA nanoprobes, which can bind with folate receptor (FR) positive CTCs specifically and efficiently, leading to the capture of CTCs with an external magnetic field. When approximately 150 and 10 model CTCs were spiked in 1 mL of lysis blood, 93.1 ± 2.9% and 80.0 ± 9.7% CTCs were recovered, respectively. In total, 81.3 ± 2.6% captured CTCs can be released from MN@Cys@PEG2k-FA magnetic nanospheres by treatment with dithiothreitol. The released CTCs are easily identified from blood cells for specific detection and enumeration combined with immunofluorescence staining with a limit of detection of 10 CTC mL-1 lysed blood. Moreover, the released cells remain healthy with high viability (98.6 ± 0.78%) and can be cultured in vitro without detectable changes in morphology or behavior compared with healthy untreated cells. The high viability of the released CTCs may provide the possibility for downstream proteomics research of CTCs; therefore, cultured CTCs were collected for proteomics. As a result, 3504 proteins were identified. In conclusion, the MN@Cys@PEG2k-FA magnetic nanospheres prepared in this study may be a promising tool for early-stage cancer diagnosis and provide the possibility for downstream analysis of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Minning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huahuan Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yaohui He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China. and Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China and Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315221, P. R. China
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11
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Patil SM, Sawant SS, Kunda NK. Exosomes as drug delivery systems: A brief overview and progress update. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:259-269. [PMID: 32717385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are intracellular membrane-based vesicles with diverse compositions that are involved in biological and pathological processes. Since the discovery of exosomes, they have been used as diagnostic biomarkers and as potential drug delivery vehicles based on their size and competence to transfer biological materials to recipient cells. The properties of exosomes such as biocompatibility, preferred tumor homing, adjustable targeting efficiency, and stability make them striking and excellent drug delivery vehicles for use in various diseases and cancer therapy. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the biogenesis, functions, and contents of exosomes along with the separation and characterization techniques. Our major focus is on the recent progress made in application of exosomes as drug delivery systems involving delivery of small molecules, macromolecules, and nucleotides. Further, we discuss the challenges faced when using exosomes as a drug delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash M Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shruti S Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
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12
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Haghighi AH, Khorasani MT, Faghih Z, Farjadian F. Effects of different quantities of antibody conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles on cell separation efficiency. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03677. [PMID: 32280795 PMCID: PMC7136644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (Ab-MNPs) have received considerable attention in bioseparation and clinical diagnostics assays due to their unique ability to detect and isolate a variety of biomolecules and cells. Because antibodies can be expensive, a key challenge for bioconjugation is to determine the optimal amount of antibodies with reasonable antigen-capturing activity. We designed an approach to determine the minimum amounts of antibodies for efficient coating. Different quantities of Herceptin (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: HER2) antibody were applied and immobilized on the surface of MNPs. Antibody binding was then checked by using an anti-human antibody conjugated with fluorochrome and flow cytometry. When the ratio of MNPs to antibodies increased from 0.79 to 795.45, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of conjugated MNPs decreased markedly from 185.56 to 20.07, indicating lower surface antibody coverage. We then investigated the relation between antibody content and isolation efficiency. Three Ab-MNP samples with different MFI were used to isolate SK-BR-3, a HER2-positive breast cancer cell line, from mixtures of whole blood or mononuclear cells. After isolation in a magnetic field, separation efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry-based techniques. Our results collectively showed that the amount of anti-HER2 antibodies for conjugation with MNPs could be decreased by as much as one-fifteenth without compromising isolation efficiency, which in turn can reduce the cost of immunoassay biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Haghighi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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14
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Unni M, Zhang J, George TJ, Segal MS, Fan ZH, Rinaldi C. Engineering magnetic nanoparticles and their integration with microfluidics for cell isolation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:204-215. [PMID: 31911225 PMCID: PMC7023483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of cancer cells, bacteria, and viruses from peripheral blood has important applications in cancer diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and drug development. Magnetic particles functionalized with antibodies that target receptors of cancer cells have been shown to isolate such entities using magnetic field gradients. Here, we report enhancement in capture efficiency and specificity by engineering magnetic nanoparticles and integrating them with microfluidics for the enumeration of tumor cells. Nanoparticles were made from iron oxide, coated with poly(ethylene glycol), and conjugated through avidin-biotin chemistry with antibody specifically against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). On exposure of targeted nanoparticles to tumor cells, specific uptake by EpCAM-expressing tumor cells (e.g., BxPC3, a pancreatic cancer cell) was observed, whereas there was negligible uptake by cells with low EpCAM expression (e.g., CCRF-CEM, a leukemia cell). Using an arrangement of magnets called a Halbach array, capture efficiency and specificity towards BxPC3 cells tagged with magnetic nanoparticles were enhanced, compared to conditions without the magnetic field gradient and/or without magnetic nanoparticles, either in buffer or in whole blood. These results illustrate that engineered magnetic nanoparticles and their integration with microfluidics have great potential for tumor cell enumeration and cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythreyi Unni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Carlos Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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15
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Lin S, Yu Z, Chen D, Wang Z, Miao J, Li Q, Zhang D, Song J, Cui D. Progress in Microfluidics-Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications. Small 2020; 16:e1903916. [PMID: 31663295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted by most cell types and circulate in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication and are closely associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Therefore, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, exosomes are always mixed with other components of body fluids. Consequently, separation methods for exosomes that allow high-purity and high-throughput separation with a high recovery rate and detection techniques for exosomes that are rapid, highly sensitive, highly specific, and have a low detection limit are indispensable for diagnostic applications. For decades, many exosome separation and detection techniques have been developed to achieve the aforementioned goals. However, in most cases, these two techniques are performed separately, which increases operation complexity, time consumption, and cost. The emergence of microfluidics offers a promising way to integrate exosome separation and detection functions into a single chip. Herein, an overview of conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for exosome separation and detection is presented. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qichao Li
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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16
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Thomas JA, Schnell F, Kaveh-baghbaderani Y, Berensmeier S, Schwaminger SP. Immunomagnetic Separation of Microorganisms with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Chemosensors 2020; 8:17. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of Legionella in water reservoirs, and the prevention of their often fatal diseases, requires the development of rapid and reliable detection processes. A method for the magnetic separation (MS) of Legionella pneumophila by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles is developed, which represents the basis for future bacteria detection kits. The focus lies on the separation process and the simplicity of using magnetic nanomaterials. Iron oxide nanoparticles are functionalized with epoxy groups and Legionella-specific antibodies are immobilized. The resulting complexes are characterized with infrared spectroscopy and tested for the specific separation and enrichment of the selected microorganisms. The cell-particle complexes can be isolated in a magnetic field and detected with conventional methods such as fluorescence detection. A nonspecific enrichment of bacteria is also possible by using bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs), which we used as a reference to the nanoparticles with immobilized antibodies. Furthermore, the immunomagnetic separation can be applied for the detection of multiple other microorganisms and thus might pave the way for simpler bacterial diagnosis.
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17
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Anthis AHC, Matter MT, Keevend K, Gerken LRH, Scheibler S, Doswald S, Gogos A, Herrmann IK. Tailoring the Colloidal Stability, Magnetic Separability, and Cytocompatibility of High-Capacity Magnetic Anion Exchangers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:48341-48351. [PMID: 31747521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal blood purification has been applied to artificially support kidney or liver function. However, convection and diffusion based blood purification systems have limited removal rates for high molecular weight and hydrophobic molecules. This limitation is due to the finite volume of infusion and limited membrane permeability, respectively. Adsorption provides an attractive alternative for the removal of higher molecular weight compounds. The use of adsorption resins containing ion exchanging groups to capture specific molecules has become well-established. Instead of stationary adsorption resins, however, ion exchanging polymers may be immobilized on magnetic particles and serve as freely diffusing, mobile, high capacity solid phase of ion exchange chromatography. While small beads with high surface area are attractive in terms of mass transfer and binding, unifying high capturing capacity with rapid and quantitative bead recovery remains an issue. Therefore, most of the current magnetic ion exchangers are based on micron-sized beads or require long times to separate. In addition to unfavorable magnetic recovery rates, the usually poor cytocompatibility limits their applicability in biomedicine. Here, we report on the synthesis and performance of polycationic polymer coated magnetic nanoflowers (MNF) for highly efficacious anion capturing. We demonstrate accurate control over the polymer content and composition on the beads and show its direct influence on colloidal stability, capturing capacity and magnetic separability. We present the removal of clinically relevant targets by capturing bilirubin with capacities 2-fold higher than previous work as well as quantitative heparin removal. Additionally, we illustrate how copolymerization of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) leads to improved cytocompatibility of the polymer-coated MNF capturing agents while retaining high capturing capacities. Taken together, we present a nanoparticle/polymer material, which upon future in vivo validation, unifies high binding capacities and magnetic separability for rapid toxin capturing and hence fulfills key requirements of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre H C Anthis
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin T Matter
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Subas Scheibler
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Magnetic and Functional Thin Films, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Simon Doswald
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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18
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Shanko ES, van de Burgt Y, Anderson PD, den Toonder JMJ. Microfluidic Magnetic Mixing at Low Reynolds Numbers and in Stagnant Fluids. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10110731. [PMID: 31671753 PMCID: PMC6915455 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixing becomes a necessity when thorough sample homogenization is required in small volumes of fluid, such as in lab-on-a-chip devices. For example, efficient mixing is extraordinarily challenging in capillary-filling microfluidic devices and in microchambers with stagnant fluids. To address this issue, specifically designed geometrical features can enhance the effect of diffusion and provide efficient mixing by inducing chaotic fluid flow. This scheme is known as “passive” mixing. In addition, when rapid and global mixing is essential, “active” mixing can be applied by exploiting an external source. In particular, magnetic mixing (where a magnetic field acts to stimulate mixing) shows great potential for high mixing efficiency. This method generally involves magnetic beads and external (or integrated) magnets for the creation of chaotic motion in the device. However, there is still plenty of room for exploiting the potential of magnetic beads for mixing applications. Therefore, this review article focuses on the advantages of magnetic bead mixing along with recommendations on improving mixing in low Reynolds number flows (Re ≤ 1) and in stagnant fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriola-Sophia Shanko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Research Section, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Yoeri van de Burgt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Research Section, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick D Anderson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology Research Section, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Research Section, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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19
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Chen M, Liu A, Chen B, Zhu DM, Xie W, Deng FF, Ji LW, Chen LB, Huang HM, Fu YR, Liu W, Wang FB. Erythrocyte-derived vesicles for circulating tumor cell capture and specific tumor imaging. Nanoscale 2019; 11:12388-12396. [PMID: 31215952 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The precise diagnosis of cancer remains a great challenge; therefore, it is our research interest to develop safe, tumor-specific reagents. In this study, we designed nanovesicles derived from erythrocyte membranes; the nanovesicles are capable of recognizing tumor cells for both circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture and tumor imaging. The tumor-targeting molecules folic acid (FA) and fluorescein Cy5 were modified on the nanovesicle surface. The developed nanovesicles exhibit excellent tumor targeting ability both in vitro and in vivo for CTC capture and in tumor imaging. Compared with traditional immunomagnetic beads, the proposed nanovesicles are capable of avoiding non-specific adsorption as a derivative of red blood cells. Combined with a non-invasive means of micromanipulation, the nanometer-sized vesicles show a high purity of CTC capture (over 90%). In vivo, the nanovesicles can also be employed for efficient tumor imaging without obvious toxicity and side effects. In brief, the nanovesicles prepared herein show potential clinical application for integrated diagnosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ao Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Plant Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Dao-Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Fang-Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Li-Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Li-Ben Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - You-Rong Fu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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McCoey JM, de Gille RW, Nasr B, Tetienne JP, Hall LT, Simpson DA, Hollenberg LCL. Rapid, High-Resolution Magnetic Microscopy of Single Magnetic Microbeads. Small 2019; 15:e1805159. [PMID: 30912265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic microparticles or "beads" are used in a variety of research applications from cell sorting through to optical force traction microscopy. The magnetic properties of such particles can be tailored for specific applications with the uniformity of individual beads critical to their function. However, the majority of magnetic characterization techniques quantify the magnetic properties from large bead ensembles. Developing new magnetic imaging techniques to evaluate and visualize the magnetic fields from single beads will allow detailed insight into the magnetic uniformity, anisotropy, and alignment of magnetic domains. Here, diamond-based magnetic microscopy is applied to image and characterize individual magnetic beads with varying magnetic and structural properties: ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic/paramagnetic, shell (coated with magnetic material), and solid (magnetic material dispersed in matrix). The single-bead magnetic images identify irregularities in the magnetic profiles from individual bead populations. Magnetic simulations account for the varying magnetic profiles and allow to infer the magnetization of individual beads. Additionally, this work shows that the imaging technique can be adapted to achieve illumination-free tracking of magnetic beads, opening the possibility of tracking cell movements and mechanics in photosensitive contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M McCoey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W de Gille
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Babak Nasr
- The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Liam T Hall
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - David A Simpson
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
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21
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Lin S, Zhi X, Chen D, Xia F, Shen Y, Niu J, Huang S, Song J, Miao J, Cui D, Ding X. A flyover style microfluidic chip for highly purified magnetic cell separation. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 129:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Dalili A, Samiei E, Hoorfar M. A review of sorting, separation and isolation of cells and microbeads for biomedical applications: microfluidic approaches. Analyst 2019; 144:87-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the microfluidic approaches for cell/particle isolation and sorting, and extensively explained the mechanism behind each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- University of Victoria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. Weiz
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences (IIN); IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics; Chemnitz University of Technology; Reichenhainer Straße 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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24
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Martin-Loeches I, Forster R, Prina-Mello A. Intensive care medicine in 2050: nanotechnology. Emerging technologies and approaches and their impact on critical care. Intensive Care Med 2017; 44:1299-1301. [PMID: 29178043 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-5002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Wellcome Trust, HRB Clinical Research, St James's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain. .,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology (ICVB), Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St James's University Hospital, James's St, Ushers, P.O. Box 580, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Robert Forster
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Dublin, Ireland
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