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Zhang H, Cai J, Li Z, Lai Q, Yin P, Pang S. Exploring a Fused Triazole-Tetrazine Binary CN Material for a Promising Initiating Substance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4628-4636. [PMID: 38237118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of binary carbon-nitrogen (CN) materials with high density and good thermal stability presents a significant challenge due to the inherent trade-off between high-energy storage and low bond dissociation energy. In this study, we designed and synthesized (S)-1,2-bis(3-azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)diazene (BAzTD) and 2,9-diazidobis([1,2,4]-triazolo)[1,5-d:5',1'-f][1,2,3,4]tetrazine (DAzTT) through a straightforward reaction. Remarkably, DAzTT demonstrated a high density of 1.816 g·cm-3 (at 298 K) and a considerable thermal decomposition temperature of 216.86 °C. These properties outperform those of previously reported binary heterocyclic CN compounds and polyazido heterocyclic compounds. The quantum-chemical methods further substantiated the integral role of aromaticity as the driving force behind this difference. Additionally, the initiation capability of DAzTT was evaluated by a notably low minimum primary charge (MPC = 40 mg), surpassing conventional organic primary explosives, such as commercial 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP, MPC = 70 mg). The exceptional priming ability highlights the potential as an environmentally friendly replacement for toxic lead azide. DAzTT sets a new standard for binary CN compounds and provides a valuable precursor for high-nitrogen carbon nitride materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jinxiong Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Lai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Korchagin DV, Akimov AV, Savitsky A, Chapyshev SV, Misochko EY. Quintet Dinitrenes with Negative Zero-Field Splitting: Effect of Spin-Orbit Coupling on the Sign of Magnetic Anisotropy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7591-7597. [PMID: 36223070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on W-band EPR and quantum chemical investigation of novel organic tetraradicals with negative axial zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter D. These belong to the class of quintet 1,3,5-tribromophenylene-2,4-dinitrenes bearing different substituents in position 6 of the benzene ring (1b, N3; 1c, F; 1d, CN; 1e; Cl; 1f, Br). Analysis of the W-band EPR spectrum of dinitrene 1c reveals its large negative ZFS parameter D = -0.27 cm-1. Quantum chemical calculations show that negative D gradually grows in the row of 1c(F) < 1b(N3) < 1d(CN) < 1e(Cl) < 1f(Br) dinitrenes due to decreasing of the through-space distance between the nitrene units and neighboring bromine atoms. Shorter steric N···Br distance results in the stronger contribution of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to the total ZFS. The sign of D depends on the interplay of three factors: (i) the angle θ between the "easy" z-axes of the dipolar spin-spin (DSS) and spin-orbit (DSOC) interaction tensors, (ii) the ratio of DSOC/DSS values, and (iii) the rhombicity parameters ESS/DSS and ESOC/DSOC. The study demonstrates in which cases organic quintet tetraradicals may have negative ZFS owing to the presence of heavy atoms at appropriate sites nearby the nitrene units and, thus, possess the bistability property as single-molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Korchagin
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Akimov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sergei V Chapyshev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenii Ya Misochko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Schulz A, Surkau J. Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Homoleptic cyanide compounds exist of almost all main group elements. While the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form cyanide salts, the cyanides of the lighter main group elements occur mainly as covalent compounds. This review gives an overview of the status quo of main group element cyanides and cyanido complexes. Information about syntheses are included as well as applications, special substance properties, bond lengths, spectroscopic characteristics and computations. Cyanide chemistry is presented mainly from the field of inorganic chemistry, but aspects of chemical biology and astrophysics are also discussed in relation to cyano compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
| | - Jonas Surkau
- Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany
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Zasimov PV, Tyurin DA, Ryazantsev SV, Feldman VI. Formation and Evolution of H 2C 3O +• Radical Cations: A Computational and Matrix Isolation Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8115-8128. [PMID: 35487219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The family of isomeric H2C3O+• radical cations is of great interest for physical organic chemistry and chemistry occurring in extraterrestrial media. In this work, we have experimentally examined a unique synthetic route to the generation of H2C3O+• from the C2H2···CO intermolecular complex and also considered the relative stability and monomolecular transformations of the H2C3O+• isomers through high-level ab initio calculations. The structures, energetics, harmonic frequencies, hyperfine coupling constants, and isomerization pathways for several of the most important H2C3O+• isomers were calculated at the UCCSD(T) level of theory. The complementary FTIR and EPR studies in argon matrices at 5 K have demonstrated that the ionized C2H2···CO complex transforms into the E-HCCHCO+• isomer, and this latter species is supposed to be the key intermediate in further chemical transformations, providing a remarkable piece of evidence for kinetic control in low-temperature chemistry. Photolysis of this species at λ = 410-465 nm results in its transformation to the thermodynamically most stable H2CCCO+• isomer. Possible implications of the results and potentiality of the proposed synthetic strategy to the preparation of highly reactive organic radical cations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Zasimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A Tyurin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chapyshev SV, Mendez-Vega E, Sander W. Molecular Magnets: The Synthesis and Characterization of High-Spin Nitrenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:1258-1269. [PMID: 32578914 PMCID: PMC7894309 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among all C‐, N‐, and O‐centered polyradicals, high‐spin nitrenes possess the largest magnetic anisotropy and are of considerable interest as multi‐level molecular spin systems for exploration of organic molecular magnetism and quantum information processing. Although the first representatives of quintet and septet nitrenes were obtained almost 50 years ago, the experimental and theoretical studies of these highly reactive species became possible only recently, owing to new achievements in molecular spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Meanwhile, dozens of various quintet dinitrenes and septet trinitrenes were successfully characterized by IR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, thus providing important information about the electronic structure, magnetic properties and reactivity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin nitrenes as molecular magnets and as qubits and qudits for quantum computations are discussed.
The bibliography includes 214 references.
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Abstract
The septet ground state trinitrenes 1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene and 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene were isolated in inert (Ar, Ne, and Xe) as well as reactive matrices (H2, O2, and H2O) at cryogenic temperatures. These trinitrenes were obtained in high yields by UV photolysis of the corresponding triazides and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The trinitrenes, despite bearing six unpaired electrons, are remarkably unreactive towards molecular oxygen and hydrogen and are persistent in water ice up to 160 K where the water matrix starts to sublime off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Grote D, Sander W. EPR spectroscopy of multicomponent, multispin molecular system obtained by the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridine in solid argon. Magn Reson Chem 2019; 57:472-478. [PMID: 30997697 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicomponent, multispin molecular system, consisting of a septet trinitrene, two quintet dinitrenes, and three triplet mononitrenes, was obtained by the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridine in solid argon. To identify these paramagnetic products, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with line-shape spectral simulations and density functional theory calculations was used. The products of the photolysis was found to be triplet 2,4-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-6-nitrene (DT = 1.000 cm-1 , ET = 0), triplet 2,4-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2-nitrene (DT = 1.043 cm-1 , ET = 0), triplet 2,6-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-4-nitrene (DT = 1.128 cm-1 , ET = 0 cm-1 ), quintet 4-azido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2,6-dinitrene (DQ = 0.211 cm-1 , EQ = 0.0532 cm-1 ), quintet 2-azido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-4,6-dinitrene (DQ = 0.208 cm-1 , EQ = 0.0386 cm-1 ), and septet 3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene (DS = -0.1017 cm-1 , ES = -0.0042 cm-1 ) in a 38:4:7:22:14:4 ratio, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Department of Nanophotonics, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis V Korchagin
- Department of Nanophotonics, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Costa P, Sander W. Photochemical generation of high-spin nitrenes from 4,6-diazido-N-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine in solid argon. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019; 377:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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Abe M, Bégué D, Silva HS, Dargelos A, Wentrup C. Triplet States of Tetrazoles, Nitrenes, and Carbenes from Matrix Photolysis of Tetrazoles, and Phenylcyanamide as a Source of Phenylnitrene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7276-7283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Didier Bégué
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA, UMR5254, Pau 64000, France
| | - Hugo Santos Silva
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA, UMR5254, Pau 64000, France
| | - Alain Dargelos
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA, UMR5254, Pau 64000, France
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australien
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Ganin YV, Ushakov EN. Synthesis, structure, and the energetic properties of tetraazidopyridine-4-carbonitrile. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017; 53:786-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Chernyak AV, Aldoshin SM. Synthesis and structure of 3,4,5-triazidopyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile possessing the record positive heat of formation. Mendeleev Communications 2017; 27:116-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Brodie NI, Petrotchenko EV, Borchers CH. The novel isotopically coded short-range photo-reactive crosslinker 2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine (TATA) for studying protein structures. J Proteomics 2016; 149:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tsegaw YA, Sander W, Kaiser RI. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study on Nonequilibrium Reaction Pathways in the Photolysis of Solid Nitromethane (CH3NO2) and D3-Nitromethane (CD3NO2). J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1577-87. [PMID: 26863093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of nitromethane (CH3NO2) along with its isotopically labeled counterpart D3-nitromethane (CD3NO2) were photolyzed at discrete wavelength between 266 nm (4.7 eV) and 121 nm (10.2 eV) to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the decomposition of model compounds of energetic materials in the condensed phase at 5 K. The chemical modifications of the ices were traced in situ via electron paramagnetic resonance, thus focusing on the detection of (hitherto elusive) reaction intermediates and products with unpaired electrons. These studies revealed the formation of two carbon-centered radicals [methyl (CH3), nitromethyl (CH2NO2)], one oxygen-centered radical [methoxy (CH3O)], two nitrogen-centered radicals [nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)], as well as atomic hydrogen (H). The decomposition products of these channels and the carbon-centered nitromethyl (CH2NO2) radical in particular represent crucial reaction intermediates leading via sequential molecular mass growth processes in the exposed nitromethane samples to complex organic molecules as predicted previously by dynamics calculations. The detection of the nitromethyl (CH2NO2) radical along with atomic hydrogen (H) demonstrated the existence of a high-energy decomposition pathway, which is closed under collisionless conditions in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Abstract
Aromatic polyazides are widely used as starting materials in organic synthesis and photochemical studies, as well as photoresists in microelectronics and as cross-linking agents in polymer chemistry. Some aromatic polyazides possess high antitumor activity, while many others are of considerable interest as high-energy materials and precursors of high-spin nitrenes and C3N4 carbon nitride nanomaterials. The use of aromatic polyazides in click-reactions may be a new promising direction in the design of various supramolecular systems possessing interesting chemical, physical and biological properties. This review is devoted to the synthesis, properties and applications of six-membered aromatic compounds containing three and more azido groups in the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian.
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Mazitov AA, Korchagin DV, Yakushchenko IK, Chapyshev SV. Magnetic anisotropy parameters of matrix-isolated septet 2,4,6-tribromo-1,3,5-trinitrenobenzene. Russ Chem Bull 2015; 64:87-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Misochko EY, Masitov AA, Akimov AV, Korchagin DV, Chapyshev SV. Heavy Atom Effect on Magnetic Anisotropy of Matrix-Isolated Monobromine Substituted Septet Trinitrene. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2413-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508470m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Ya. Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Artem A. Masitov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Akimov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Denis V. Korchagin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei V. Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Chapyshev SV, Ushakov EN, Neuhaus P, Sander W. Matrix isolation, zero-field splitting parameters, and photoreactions of septet 2,4,6-trinitrenopyrimidines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6047-53. [PMID: 24905080 DOI: 10.1021/jo500677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The key intermediates of decomposition of high-energy 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and its 5-chloro-substituted derivative, the detonation of which is used for preparation of carbon nitrides, were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. The decomposition of the triazides was carried out photochemically, using the matrix isolation technique. The photodecomposition of both triazides with 254 nm light in argon matrices at 5 K occurred selectively to subsequently give the corresponding triplet 4,6-diazido-2-nitrenopyrimidines, quintet 4-azido-2,6-dinitrenopyrimidines, and septet 2,4,6-trinitrenopyrimidines. The latter were photochemically unstable and decomposed to form triplet nitrenes NCN and NNC as well as triplet carbenes NCCCN, HCCN, and HCCCCN. The results obtained provide important information about exchange interactions in high-spin nitrenes with the pyrimidine ring and the mechanism of the formation of carbon nitrides during thermolysis of 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Mazitov AA, Korchagin DV, Chapyshev SV. Magnetic anisotropy parameters of matrix-isolated septet 1,3,5-trinitreno-2,4,6-trichlorobenzene. Russ Chem Bull 2012; 61:2218-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Neuhaus P, Sander W. High-spin intermediates of the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:733-42. [PMID: 23766785 PMCID: PMC3678571 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to theoretical expectations, the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine in argon at 5 K gives rise to EPR peaks of just two triplet mononitrenes, two quintet dinitrenes, and a septet trinitrene. EPR spectral simulations in combination with DFT calculations show that observable nitrenes can be assigned to triplet 2,4-diazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-6-nitrene (D T = 1.026 cm(-1), E T = 0), triplet 2,6-diazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-4-nitrene (D T = 1.122 cm(-1), E T = 0.0018 cm(-1)), quintet 4-azido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-2,6-dinitrene (D Q = 0.215 cm(-1), E Q = 0.0545 cm(-1)), quintet 2-azido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-4,6-dinitrene (D Q = 0.209 cm(-1), E Q = 0.039 cm(-1)) and septet 3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene (D S = -0.1021 cm(-1), E S = -0.0034 cm(-1)). Preferential photodissociation of the azido groups located in ortho-positions to the fluorine atom of pyridines is associated with strong π-conjugation of these groups with the pyridine ring. On photoexcitation, such azido groups are more efficiently involved in reorganization of the molecular electronic system and more easily adopt geometries of the locally excited predissociation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Masitov AA, Korchagin DV, Aldoshin SM, Chapyshev SV. Matrix isolation ESR spectroscopy and magnetic anisotropy of D3h symmetric septet trinitrenes. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Ya Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russian Federation.
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Masitov AA, Korchagin DV, Yakushchenko IK, Chapyshev SV. High-spin organic molecules with dominant spin-orbit contribution and unprecedentedly large magnetic anisotropy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Neuhaus P, Sander W. EPR studies on branched high-spin arylnitrenes. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2721-8. [PMID: 22693143 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The UV (λ>305 nm) photolysis of triazide 3 in 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran glass at 7 K selectively produces triplet mononitrene 4 (g=2.003, D(T)=0.92 cm(-1), E(T)=0 cm(-1)), quintet dinitrene 6 (g=2.003, D(Q)=0.204 cm(-1), E(Q)=0.035 cm(-1)), and septet trinitrene 8 (g=2.003, D(S)=-0.0904 cm(-1), E(S) =-0.0102 cm(-1)). After 45 min of irradiation, the major products are dinitrene 6 and trinitrene 8 in a ratio of ∼1:2, respectively. These nitrenes are formed as mixtures of rotational isomers each of which has slightly different magnetic parameters D and E. The best agreement between the line-shape spectral simulations and the experimental electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum is obtained with the line-broadening parameters Γ(E(Q))=180 MHz for dinitrene 6 and Γ(E(S))=330 MHz for trinitrene 8. According to these line-broadening parameters, the variations of the angles Θ in rotational isomers of 6 and 8 are expected to be about ±1 and ±3°, respectively. Theoretical estimations of the magnetic parameters obtained from PBE/DZ(COSMO)//UB3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) calculations overestimate the E and D values by 1 and 8 %, respectively. Despite the large distances between the nitrene units and the extended π systems, the zero field splitting (zfs) parameters D are found to be close to those in quintet dinitrenes and septet trinitrenes, where the nitrene centers are attached to the same aryl ring. The large D values of branched septet nitrenes are due to strong negative one-center spin-spin interactions in combination with weak positive two-center spin-spin interactions, as predicted by theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Finke C, Grote D, Seidel RW, Chapyshev SV, Sander W. Matrix isolation and IR spectroscopic characterization of 3,5-difluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Finke
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität; D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität; D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Rüdiger W. Seidel
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität; D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sergei V. Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences; 142432 Chernogolovka Moscow Region Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität; D-44780 Bochum Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Neuhaus P, Sander W. Strain Effects in Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy of Quintet 2,6-Bis(4′-nitrenophenyl)-4-phenylpyridine. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8419-25. [PMID: 21682299 DOI: 10.1021/jp203038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul M. Lahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Kitagawa M, Takui T. Spin-Orbit Contributions in High-Spin Nitrenes/Carbenes: A Hybrid CASSCF/MRMP2 Study of Zero-Field Splitting Tensors. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3146-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Misochko EY, Korchagin DV, Bozhenko KV, Chapyshev SV, Aldoshin SM. A density functional theory study of the zero-field splitting in high-spin nitrenes. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:064101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3474574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenii Ya Misochko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Schmidt CL, Jansen M. New directions in carbonitride research: synthesis of resin-like dense-packed C3N4 using a hydrogen-free precursor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b927217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Neuhaus P, Grote D, Sander W. Matrix isolation and magnetic parameters of septet 3,5-dicyanopyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chapyshev SV, Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Dorokhov VG, Neuhaus P, Grote D, Sander W. Molecular Structure and Magnetic Parameters of Septet 2,4,6-Trinitrenotoluene. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7238-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9010848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Chapyshev SV. High resolution electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of septet pyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene in solid argon: Fine-structure parameters of six electron-spin cluster. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:174510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3005378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Lavitskii VF, Chapyshev SV. EPR spectroscopy of quintet 4-amino-3,5-dichloropyridine-2,6-diyldinitrene isolated in solid argon. Russ Chem Bull 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Grote D, Finke C, Sander W. Matrix Isolation and EPR Spectroscopy of Septet 3,5-Difluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7045-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Chapyshev
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Christopher Finke
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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Beckers H, Willner H, Grote D, Sander W, Geier J. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the FCO2 radical isolated in noble gas matrices. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:224301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2933462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Beckers H, Willner H, Grote D, Sander W. EPR and IR spectra of the FSO3 radical revisited: Strong vibronic interactions in the A22 electronic ground state. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2831511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
The photochemistry of 3-iodo-2,4,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl azide 8 and 3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trifluorophenyl azide 9 was studied by IR and EPR spectroscopy in cryogenic argon and neon matrices. Both compounds form the corresponding nitrenes as primary photoproducts in photostationary equilibria with their azirine and ketenimine isomers. In contrast to fluorinated phenylnitrenes, ring-opened products are obtained upon short-wavelength irradiation of the iodine-containing systems, indicative of C-I bond cleavage in the nitrenes or didehydroazepines under these conditions. Neither 3-dehydrophenylnitrene 6 nor 3,5-didehydrophenylnitrene 7 could be detected directly. The structures of the acyclic photoproducts were identified by extensive comparison with DFT calculated spectra. Mechanistic aspects of the rearrangements leading to the observed products and the electronic properties of the title intermediates are discussed on the basis of DFT as well as high-level ab initio calculations. The computations indicate strong through-bond coupling of the exocyclic orbital in the meta position with the singly occupied in-plane nitrene orbital in the monoradical nitrenes. In contrast to the ortho or para isomers, this interaction results in low-spin ground states for meta nitrene radicals and a weakening of the C1-C2 bond causing the kinetic instability of these species even under low-temperature conditions. 3,5-Didehydrophenylnitrenes, on the other hand, in which a strong C3-C5 interaction reduces coupling of the radical sites with the nitrene unit, might be accessible synthetic targets if the intermediate formation of labile monoradicals could be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Ab Initio MO Analysis of the Excited Electronic States of High-Spin Quintet 2-Methylphenylene-1,3-dinitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sugisaki K, Toyota K, Sato K, Shiomi D, Takui T. Ab Initio MO Analysis of the Excited Electronic States of High-Spin Quintet 2-Methylphenylene-1,3-dinitrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2257-60. [PMID: 16518862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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