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Angamuthu V, Tai DF. Synthesis of Natural (-)-Antrocin and its Enantiomer via Stereoselective Aldol Reaction. Molecules 2020; 25:E831. [PMID: 32075004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The total synthesis of (-)-antrocin and its enantiomer are presented. Antrocin (-)-1 is an important natural product which acts as an antiproliferative agent in a metastatic breast cancer cell line (IC50: 0.6 μM). The key features of this synthesis are: (a) selective anti-addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to α,β-unsaturated ketone; (b) resolution of (±)-7 using chiral auxiliary L-dimethyl tartrate through formation of cyclic ketal diastereomers followed by simple column chromatography separation and acid hydrolysis; (c) substrate-controlled stereoselective aldol condensation of (+)-12 with monomeric formaldehyde and pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) oxidation for synthesis of essential lactone core in (-)-14; and (d) non-basic Lombardo olefination of the carbonyl at the final step to yield (-)-antrocin. In addition, (+)-9 cyclic ketal diastereomer was converted to (+)-antrocin with similar reaction sequences.
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Shi JX, Li YH, Wang X, Qin YQ, Zhang CY, Zhang X, Li CR, An MQ, Li LR, Lu SH, Huang J. A new diterpenoid from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:1075-1080. [PMID: 28944690 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1373102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new diterpenoid, 17-methyl-8, 13-labdadien-15, 16-olid-19-oic acid methyl ester (1), along with two known compounds 2 and 3, were isolated from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. The structures were confirmed based on the analysis of HR-MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectra and the configuration of 1 was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Shi
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Yu-Han Li
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Xin Wang
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Yu-Qin Qin
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Cheng-Rong Li
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Meng-Qi An
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Ling-Rui Li
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Shi-Hui Lu
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
| | - Jing Huang
- a West China School of Pharmacy , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China
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Huang SH, Liang KH, Lu JS, Chang WS, Su MD, Yang TF. Total Synthesis of (+)-Antrocin and Its Diastereomer and Clarification of the Absolute Stereochemistry of (-)-Antrocin. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9576-9584. [PMID: 28825480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using 2,2-dimethyl cyclohexanone as the starting compound, (+)-antrocin and its diastereomer have been synthesized. The absolute stereochemistry of (-)-antrocin, a natural sesqui-terpenoid and an antagonist in some types of cancer cells, was clarified using the character data of (+)-antrocin. The synthetic procedure involved two key steps: (1) the reaction of vinyl magnesium bromide with 2,2-dimethyl-6-t-butyl-dimethyl-silyoxy-methyl-1-cyclo-hexanone to give a vinyl cyclohexanol derivative and (2) a highly stereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction of the camphanate-containing triene intermediate. The relative energy levels of the possible transition states of the IMDA reaction of the camphanate-containing triene were obtained from density functional theory calculations, proving the stereospecific formation of the target molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , 1 University Road, Puli, 545 Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , 1 University Road, Puli, 545 Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Syun Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University , 60004 Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , 1 University Road, Puli, 545 Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University , 60004 Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University , 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fang Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University , 1 University Road, Puli, 545 Nantou, Taiwan
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Shul′ts EE, Mironov ME, Kharitonov YV. Furanoditerpenoids of the Labdane Series: Occurrence in Plants, Total Synthesis, Several Transformations, and Biological Activity. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jung SH, Kim BJ, Lee EH, Osborne NN. Isoquercitrin is the most effective antioxidant in the plant Thuja orientalis and able to counteract oxidative-induced damage to a transformed cell line (RGC-5 cells). Neurochem Int 2010; 57:713-21. [PMID: 20708054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The shrub Thuja orientalis is extensively used as a herbal medicine in Korea and China. In the present study extracts of the plant were subjected to fractionation and purification, with seven compounds (myricitrin, isoquercitrin, hypoletin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside, quercitrin, kaempferin, kaempferol, and amentoflavone) being isolated. Of these seven compounds, isoquercitrin was found to be the most effective at attenuating the death of RGC-5 cells in culture caused by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). It was found that an insult of H(2)O(2) to RGC-5 cells caused them to die by apoptosis, demonstrated not only by staining dead cells for phosphatidylserine but also by the up-regulation (cleaved PARP, AIF, p53) and down-regulation (Bcl-2) of proteins associated with apoptosis and survival. Subsequent studies showed that isoquercitrin acts as a powerful antioxidant. It scavenges ROS generally as demonstrated by staining of cultures as well as the generation of individual radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)). Moreover, isoquercitrin reduced the depletion of glutathione (GSH) caused by elevation of specific radical species (H(2)O(2), OH* and O(2)(*-)) in RGC-5 cells in culture and blunted the decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx-1) caused by exposure of RGC-5 cells to H(2)O(2). Furthermore, isoquercitrin potently attenuated the lipid peroxidation of rat brain homogenates initiated by nitric oxide, with an IC(50) value of 1.04 μM. Since isoquercitrin can be tolerated when taken orally it is suggested that this substance might reach the retina and therefore be potentially useful for treating glaucoma, in which oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in the demise of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Jung
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Lee YS, Sung SH, Hong J, Hwang ES. Suppression of adipocyte differentiation by 15-methoxypinusolidic acid through inhibition of PPARγ activity. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1035-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee MK, Yang H, Yoon JS, Jeong EJ, Kim DY, Ha NR, Sung SH, Kim YC. Antifibrotic activity of diterpenes from Biota orientalis leaves on hepatic stellate cells. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:866-71. [PMID: 18704328 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antifibrotic effect of twelve diterpenes (1-12) from the 90% methanolic fraction of Biota orientalis leaves was evaluated employing HSC-T6 cells by assessing cell proliferation and morphological change. Among these diterpenes, totarol (8) and isopimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (9) dramatically reduced cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with these compounds resulted in the different pattern of morphological changes of HSC-T6 cells. Taken together, antiproliferative activity of diterpenes from B. orientalis might suggest therapeutic potentials against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang YZ, Tang CP, Ke CQ, Weiss HC, Gesing ER, Ye Y. Diterpenoids from the pericarp of Platycladus orientalis. Phytochemistry 2008; 69:518-26. [PMID: 17854849 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Eight labdane-type diterpenes, 7beta,13S-dihydroxylabda-8(17),14-dien-19-oic acid (1), 12R,15-dihydroxylabda-8(17),13E-dien-19-oic acid (3c), 12R,15-dihydroxylabda-8(17),13Z-dien-19-oic acid (3d), 12R,13R,14S-trihydroxylabda-12,15-epoxy-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (4a), 12S,13S,14R-trihydroxylabda-12,15-epoxy-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (4b), 15-hydroxy-12-oxolabda-8(17),13E-dien-19-oic acid (5), 14R,15-dihydroxylabda-8(17),12Z-dien-19-oic acid (7a) and 14S,15-dihydroxylabda-8(17),12Z-dien-19-oic acid (7b), along with 20 known diterpenoids, were isolated from the pericarp of Platycladus orientalis. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by NMR spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, as well as via chemical correlation conversion. NMR spectroscopic data of known isomers 8c and 8d were reported as a supplement to existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu-Chong-Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Shults EE, Velder J, Schmalz HG, Chernov SV, Rubalova TV, Gatilov YV, Henze G, Tolstikov GA, Prokop A. Gram-scale synthesis of pinusolide and evaluation of its antileukemic potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4228-32. [PMID: 16781150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pinusolide (1), a known platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding antagonist, was synthesized from lambertianic acid (2), a labdane-type diterpene readily accessible in multigram quantities from the Siberian pine tree. It was shown that 1 not only decreases the proliferation activity of tumor cells at relatively low concentrations but specifically induces apoptosis at 100 microM via the mitochondrial pathway in the Burkitt lymphoma cell line BJAB. Also, using primary lymphoblasts and leukemic cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a significant DNA fragmentation in pinusolide-treated cells could be detected in an ex vivo apoptosis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Prosp. Akad. Lavrent'eva, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Zhang ZJ. Therapeutic effects of herbal extracts and constituents in animal models of psychiatric disorders. Life Sci 2004; 75:1659-99. [PMID: 15268969 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illnesses has progressed significantly in the past decade. This is reflected in the large number of herbal preparations for which psychotherapeutic potential has been evaluated in a variety of animal models. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of herbal extracts and constituents that have significant therapeutic effects in animal models of psychiatric illnesses. Eighty five individual herbs reviewed were classified as anxiolytic, antidepressant, neuroleptic, antidementia, or anti-substance abuse herbs. The full scientific name of each herb, herbal part used, active constituent, extract, dose range and route, animal model, possible mechanisms of action, and pertinent references are presented via synoptic tables. The herbal mixtures were also mentioned. A considerable number of herbal constituents whose behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been well characterized may be good candidates for further investigations that may ultimately result in clinical use. The investigation of a large portion of the herbal extracts and herbal mixtures is in its infancy. Herbal remedies that have demonstrable psychotherapeutic activities have provided a potential to psychiatric pharmaceuticals and deserve increased attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Abstract
An antimetastatic and cytostatic substance, termed AC7-1, was isolated from Ardisia crispa and identified as a benzoquinonoid compound, 2-methoxy-6-tridecyl-1,4-benzoquinone. It was originally characterized as the potent PAF (platelet-activating factor) receptor-binding antagonist with nonspecific antiplatelet effects on platelet aggregation induced by various agonists including PAF, ADP, thrombin and collagen. The nonspecific antiaggregatory properties of AC7-1 drew our interest given its possible relationship in integrin receptor-binding antagonistic activity. The integrin receptor plays an important role in metastasis and thrombosis as the cell surface transmembrane protein. Based on the aforementioned facts, the antimetastatic activities of AC7-1 were examined using various in vitro and in vivo metastasis assays. AC7-1 strongly blocked B16-F10 melanoma cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) and B16-F10 melanoma cell invasion. AC7-1 also remarkably inhibited pulmonary metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. AC7-1 inhibited B16-F10 melanoma cell adhesion to only specific synthetic peptides including RGDS. These findings suggest that antimetastatic activities of AC7-1 can be caused by blocking integrin-mediated adherence. We found AC7-1 to be a potential candidate for the development of a new antimetastatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kalpoutzakis E, Aligiannis N, Mitaku S, Chinou L, Charvala C, Skaltsounis AL. New hemisynthetic manoyl oxide derivatives with antimicrobial activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:814-7. [PMID: 11456084 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ten labdane-type diterpenes derived from ent-3-beta-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide (ribenol) is reported. The chloroethyl carbamidic ester 9 showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against all the tested gram (+), gram (-) bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the glycoside 11 exhibited an interesting activity against the three tested fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kalpoutzakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Greece
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