1
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Gencosman E, Kiliclar HC, Fiedor P, Yilmaz G, Ortyl J, Yagci Y, Kiskan B. Exploiting Visible-Light Induced Radical to Cation Transformation Pathway for Reactivity Enhanced Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Polymerization of Heteroaromatics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300458. [PMID: 37955104 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward approach is employed to synthesize methylene-bridged poly(hetero aromatic)s based on furan, pyrrole, thiophene, and thiophene derivatives. The process involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction facilitated by a visible light-initiated system consisting of manganese decacarbonyl and an iodonium salt. The approach mainly relies on the formation of halomethylium cation, the attack of this cation to heteroaromatic, regeneration of methylium cation on the heteroaromatic, and reactivity differences between halomethylium and heteroaromatic methylium cations for successful polymerizations. This innovative synthetic strategy lead to the formation of polymers with relatively high molecular weights as the stoichiometric imbalance between the comonomers increased. Accordingly, these newly obtained polymers exhibit remarkable fluorescence properties, even at excitation wavelengths as low as 330 nm. Moreover, by harnessing the halogens at chain ends of homopolymers, block copolymers are successfully synthesized, offering opportunities for tailored applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Gencosman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Pawel Fiedor
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, Kraków, 31-155, Poland
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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2
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Alhomaidan LM, Tar H, Alnafisah AS, Aroua LM, KouKi N, Alminderej FM, Lalevee J. Copper II Complexes Based on Benzimidazole Ligands as a Novel Photoredox Catalysis for Free Radical Polymerization Embedded Gold and Silver Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904530 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper II complex's novel benzimidazole Schiff base ligands were manufactured and gauged as a new photoredox catalyst/photoinitiator amalgamated with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for the polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate while exposed to visible light by an LED Lamp at 405 nm with an intensity of 543 mW/cm2 at 28 °C. Gold and silver nanoparticles were obtained through the reactivity of the copper II complexes with amine/Iod salt. The size of NPs was around 1-30 nm. Lastly, the high performance of copper II complexes for photopolymerization containing nanoparticles is presented and examined. Ultimately, the photochemical mechanisms were observed using cyclic voltammetry. The preparation of the polymer nanocomposite nanoparticles in situ was photogenerated during the irradiation LED at 405 nm with an intensity of 543 mW/cm2 at 28 °C process. UV-Vis, FTIR, and TEM analyses were utilized for the determination of the generation of AuNPs and AgNPs which resided within the polymer matrix.
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3
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Alnafisah AS, Alqrairy E, Tar H, M Alminderej F, Aroua LM, Graff B, Lalevee J. Light-Assisted Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles by New Benzophenone Derivatives. ACS Omega 2023; 8:3207-3220. [PMID: 36713746 PMCID: PMC9878651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone derivatives were evaluated as new photoinitiators in combination with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for very rapid and efficient formation of metal nanoparticles in an organic solvent, by which silver and gold ions were reduced under light at 419 nm (photoreactor) with an irradiation intensity of 250 microwatts/cm2. The new benzophenone derivatives combined with TEA/Iod salt showed good production of metal nanoparticles (Au0 and Ag0) and a small size of nanoparticles of around 4-13 nm. The photochemical mechanisms for the production of initiating radicals were studied using cyclic voltammetry, where a negative ΔG of around -1.96 eV was obtained, which made the process favorable. The obtained results proved the formation of amine and phenyl radicals, which led to the reduction of gold III chloride or silver ions to the gold and silver NPs. The UV-vis spectroscopy technique was used as a very beneficial tool for the surface plasmon resonance band detection of metal nanoparticles. To sum up the results, we have observed that nanoparticles (NPs) were distributed differently in different photoinitiator systems and the particle size also changed by changing the system of initiation. In comparison to the system alone, not only were the nanoparticles smaller but they were also generated within a shorter period of irradiation time for the system BP\Iod\TEA. Finally, the quenching process of benzophenone fluorescence by the gold and silver nanoparticles was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar S. Alnafisah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf Alqrairy
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haja Tar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Alminderej
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi M. Aroua
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim
University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory
of Organic Structural Chemistry and Macromolecules, Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El-Manar University, El Manar I, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M—UMR CNRS 7361—UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, CEDEX, France
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- Institut
de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M—UMR CNRS 7361—UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, CEDEX, France
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4
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Valencia LM, Herrera M, de la Mata M, Hernández-Saz J, Romero-Ocaña I, Delgado FJ, Benito J, Molina SI. Stereolithography of Semiconductor Silver and Acrylic-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235238. [PMID: 36501632 PMCID: PMC9736969 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) attract the attention of researchers and industry because of their potential properties in widespread fields. Specifically, electrically conductive and semiconductor PNCs are gaining interest as promising materials for biomedical, optoelectronic and sensing applications, among others. Here, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used as nanoadditives to increase the electrical conductivity of mere acrylic resin. As the in situ formation of metallic NPs within the acrylic matrix is hindered by the solubility of the NP precursors, we propose a method to increase the density of Ag NPs by using different intermediate solvents, allowing preparation of Ag/acrylic resin nanocomposites with improved electrical behaviour. We fabricated 3D structures using stereolithography (SLA) by dissolving different quantities of metal precursor (AgClO4) in methanol and in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and adding these solutions to the acrylic resin. The high density of Ag NPs obtained notably increases the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites, reaching the semiconductor regime. We analysed the effect of the auxiliary solvents during the printing process and the implications on the mechanical properties and the degree of cure of the fabricated nanocomposites. The good quality of the materials prepared by this method turn these nanocomposites into promising candidates for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-01-2028
| | - Miriam Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María de la Mata
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Hernández-Saz
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ismael Romero-Ocaña
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Benito
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio I. Molina
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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5
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Breloy L, Alcay Y, Yilmaz I, Breza M, Bourgon J, Brezová V, Yagci Y, Versace DL. Dimethyl amino phenyl substituted silver phthalocyanine as a UV- and visible-light absorbing photoinitiator: in situ preparation of silver/polymer nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01712d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel phthalocyanine for dual free-radical and cationic photopolymerizations and the in situ preparation of nanocomposites without using metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Breloy
- Institut de Chimie et de Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)
- Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- CNRS-UPEC UMR 7182
- Thiais
- France
| | - Yusuf Alcay
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Ismail Yilmaz
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Martin Breza
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- SK-812 37 Bratislava
| | - Julie Bourgon
- Institut de Chimie et de Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)
- Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- CNRS-UPEC UMR 7182
- Thiais
- France
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- SK-812 37 Bratislava
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et de Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)
- Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes
- CNRS-UPEC UMR 7182
- Thiais
- France
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6
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Noè C, Hakkarainen M, Sangermano M. Cationic UV-Curing of Epoxidized Biobased Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E89. [PMID: 33379390 PMCID: PMC7795534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are among the most important building blocks for fabrication of thermosets for many different applications thanks to their superior thermo-mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The recent concerns on the environmental problems and the progressive depletion of petroleum feedstocks have drawn the research interest in finding biobased alternatives. Many curing techniques can be used to obtain the final crosslinked thermoset networks. The UV-curing technology can be considered the most environmentally friendly because of the absence of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and mild curing conditions. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of bio-based cationic UV-curable epoxy resins. Particular focus has been given to the sources of the bio-based epoxy monomers and the applications of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Noè
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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7
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Tar H, Kashar TI, Kouki N, Aldawas R, Graff B, Lalevée J. Novel Copper Photoredox Catalysts for Polymerization: An In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102293. [PMID: 33036390 PMCID: PMC7599841 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper II complex (HLCuCl) carrying 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone (L) is synthesized and evaluated as a new photoredox catalyst/photoinitiator in combination with triethylamine (TEA) and iodonium salt (Iod) for the radical polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate during exposure to visible light using a photoreactor at 419 nm. The copper complex reactivity with TEA/Iod salt/gold chloride showed a good production and stability of gold nanoparticles. Finally, the high performance of Cu (II) complex for radical photopolymerization incorporating gold nanoparticles is provided. The photochemical mechanisms for the production of initiating radicals are studied using cyclic voltammetry. Polymer nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in situ photogenerated during the irradiation process were prepared. The formation of Au NPs inside the polymer matrix was through UV-Vis and EDS/SEM analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haja Tar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-16-30-13490
| | - Tahani I. Kashar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Noura Kouki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Reema Aldawas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Buraydah, Qassim 1162 SA, Saudi Arabia; (N.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France; (B.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR CNRS 7361 – UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France; (B.G.); (J.L.)
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8
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Celiker T, İsci R, Kaya K, Ozturk T, Yagci Y. Photoinduced
step‐growth
polymerization of thieno[3,4‐b] thiophene derivatives. The substitution effect on the reactivity and electrochemical properties. Journal of Polymer Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Celiker
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Recep İsci
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kerem Kaya
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
- TUBITAK UME Chemistry Group Laboratories Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University Department of Chemistry Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Renu S, Shivashangari KS, Ravikumar V. Incorporated plant extract fabricated silver/poly-D,l-lactide-co-glycolide nanocomposites for antimicrobial based wound healing. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 228:117673. [PMID: 31735599 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites have gained extensive attention in modern nanotechnology by reason of its design, flexibility, sole applications and lower life cycle costs. Preparation of composites using spreading of inorganic metal nanoparticles in organic polymeric matrices has plenty of scope and applications in the biomedical field. Poly-D,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is an appreciated polymer for composites preparation because of its non-toxic and promising biodistribution. The consideration of metal nanoparticles has extended rapidly with the presence of new nanocomposites into a range of products and technologies. Compared to bulk materials the synthesized metal nanoparticles have unique character and biomedical uses due to its shape, size, and huge surface to volume ratio. Among different inorganic metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have dominated in the biomedical field owing to its diverse potential applications including imaging, sensor, diagnosis and disease treatment. Further, medicinal plant extract mediated Ag NPs shown superior advantages and its antimicrobial based wound healing prospective has been established. However, not much information on plant extract mediated Ag NPs integrated PLGA nanocomposites wound healing applications. In the present review, we discussed necessity, preparation, characterization and antimicrobial based wound healing mechanism of incorporated plant extract mediated silver/PLGA nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, United States.
| | | | - Vilwanathan Ravikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Abstract
Free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization has been described with its historical background, main principles and usage in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Membre Honoraire de l'Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) (promotion 2011) Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Istanbul
- Turkey
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11
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Uğur Ş, Akaoğlu C, Küçükkahveci E. A study on film formation and fluorescence enhancement of PS latex/AgNPs composites depending on AgNPs content and annealing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Breloy L, Brezová V, Malval JP, Rios de Anda A, Bourgon J, Kurogi T, Mindiola DJ, Versace DL. Well-Defined Titanium Complex for Free-Radical and Cationic Photopolymerizations under Visible Light and Photoinduction of Ti-Based Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Breloy
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Agustin Rios de Anda
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Julie Bourgon
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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13
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Li Z, Zhu J, Guan X, Liu R, Yagci Y. Near‐Infrared‐Induced Cationic Polymerization Initiated by Using Upconverting Nanoparticles and Titanocene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900047. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Li
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and BiotechnologySchool of Chemical & Materials EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- School of Chemical & Materials EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xin Guan
- School of Chemical & Materials EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ren Liu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and MaterialsJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and BiotechnologySchool of Chemical & Materials EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- School of Chemical & Materials EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Istanbul Technical UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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14
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Park S, Kilgallon LJ, Yang Z, Ryu DY, Ryu CY. Molecular Origin of the Induction Period in Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Epoxies and Oxetanes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Landon J. Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Zheqin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Y. Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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15
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Kaya K, Kreutzer J, Yagci Y. A Charge‐Transfer Complex of Thioxanthonephenacyl Sulfonium Salt as a Visible‐Light Photoinitiator for Free Radical and Cationic Polymerizations. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and LiteratureIstanbul Technical University Maslak, Ayazaga Campus Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Johannes Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and LiteratureIstanbul Technical University Maslak, Ayazaga Campus Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and LiteratureIstanbul Technical University Maslak, Ayazaga Campus Istanbul 34469 Turkey
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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16
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Pleşa I, Noţingher PV, Stancu C, Wiesbrock F, Schlögl S. Polyethylene Nanocomposites for Power Cable Insulations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E24. [PMID: 30960008 PMCID: PMC6401945 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review represents a comprehensive study of nanocomposites for power cables insulations based on thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene congeners like LDPE, HDPE and XLPE, which is complemented by original results. Particular focus lies on the structure-property relationships of nanocomposites and the materials' design with the corresponding electrical properties. The critical factors, which contribute to the degradation or improvement of the electrical performance of such cable insulations, are discussed in detail; in particular, properties such as electrical conductivity, relative permittivity, dielectric losses, partial discharges, space charge, electrical and water tree resistance behavior and electric breakdown of such nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers are described and referred to the composites' structures. This review is motivated by the fact that the development of polymer nanocomposites for power cables insulation is based on understanding more closely the aging mechanisms and the behavior of nanocomposites under operating stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Pleşa
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Petru V Noţingher
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electrotechnical Material Laboratory, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Stancu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electrotechnical Material Laboratory, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), Roseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
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17
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Kashihara K, Uto Y, Nakajima T. Rapid in situ synthesis of polymer-metal nanocomposite films in several seconds using a CO 2 laser. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14719. [PMID: 30283053 PMCID: PMC6170423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the rapid in situ synthesis of polymer-metal nanocomposite films using a CO2 laser at 10.6 μm. The mechanism of our method is that the precursor of the metal nanoparticles, i.e., the metallic ions, is very rapidly reduced in the laser-heated polymer matrix without any reducing agent. Unlike other known laser-induced reduction methods using UV lasers, which produce radicals to promote reduction, the CO2 laser energy is mainly absorbed by the glass substrate, and the laser-heated substrate heats the polymer matrix through heat diffusion to promote reduction. The superiority of the use of CO2 lasers over nanosecond visible~UV lasers is also demonstrated in terms of the damage to the film. The developed method can be a new alternative to quickly synthesize a variety of polymer-metal nanocomposite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kashihara
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Uto
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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18
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Nazar R, Sangermano M, Vitale A, Bongiovanni R. Silver polymer nanocomposites by photoreduction of AgNO 3 and simultaneous photocrosslinking of the acrylic matrix: effect of PVP on Ag particle formation. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2018; 38:803-9. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We studied the effect of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its concentrations on the photoinduced formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as well as Ag-polymer nanocomposites. First, the effect of PVP concentration on the photoinduced reduction of Ag nitrate (AgNO3) in solution was studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy monitoring the plasmon band of Ag. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results showed that Ag NPs formed in the presence of stabilizer up to 4 wt% were narrower; the size distribution was also narrower. The PVP also had a significant influence on the formation of polymer nanocomposites by simultaneous photoinduced synthesis of NPs and polymerization of the acrylic matrix; NPs embedded in the crosslinked polymer were well dispersed, as detected by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and showed an average diameter of 20 nm.
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19
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20
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dell'Erba IE, Martínez FD, Hoppe CE, Eliçabe GE, Ceolín M, Zucchi IA, Schroeder WF. Mechanism of Particle Formation in Silver/Epoxy Nanocomposites Obtained through a Visible-Light-Assisted in Situ Synthesis. Langmuir 2017; 33:10248-10258. [PMID: 28874051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the processes taking place during the in situ synthesis of metal/polymer nanocomposites is crucial to manipulate the shape and size of nanoparticles (NPs) with a high level of control. In this paper, we report an in-depth time-resolved analysis of the particle formation process in silver/epoxy nanocomposites obtained through a visible-light-assisted in situ synthesis. The selected epoxy monomer was based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, which undergoes relatively slow cationic ring-opening polymerization. This feature allowed us to access a full description of the formation process of silver NPs before this was arrested by the curing of the epoxy matrix. In situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering investigation was carried out to follow the evolution of the number and size of the silver NPs as a function of irradiation time, whereas rheological experiments combined with near-infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies were performed to interpret how changes in the rheological properties of the matrix affect the nucleation and growth of particles. The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to propose consistent mechanisms for the formation of metal/polymer nanocomposites obtained by light-assisted one-pot synthesis. Finally, the effect of a thermal postcuring treatment of the epoxy matrix on the particle size in the nanocomposite was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio E dell'Erba
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco D Martínez
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristina E Hoppe
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E Eliçabe
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET , CC 16-Suc. 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ileana A Zucchi
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Walter F Schroeder
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET) , Juan B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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21
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Altinkok C, Oytun F, Basarir F, Tasdelen MA. Cysteamine-functionalized silver nanowires as hydrogen donor for type II photopolymerization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çeper
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry; Yildiz Technical University; Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
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23
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Aydogan C, Ciftci M, Kumbaraci V, Talinli N, Yagci Y. Hyperbranced Polymers by Photoinduced Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization Using Bisbenzodioxinone. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Aydogan
- Faculty of Science and Letters; Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ciftci
- Faculty of Science and Letters; Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey
| | - Volkan Kumbaraci
- Faculty of Science and Letters; Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey
| | - Naciye Talinli
- Faculty of Science and Letters; Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Faculty of Science and Letters; Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul TR-34469 Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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24
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Zaier M, Vidal L, Hajjar-Garreau S, Bubendorff JL, Balan L. Tuning the morphology of silver nanostructures photochemically coated on glass substrates: an effective approach to large-scale functional surfaces. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:105603. [PMID: 28155842 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/10/105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a simple and environmentally friendly photochemical process capable of generating nano-layers (8-22 nm) of silver nanostructures directly onto glass surfaces. This approach opens the way to large-scale functionalized surfaces with plasmonic properties through a single light-induced processing. Thus, Ag nanostructures top-coated were obtained through photo-reduction, at room temperature, of a photosensitive formulation containing a metal precursor, free from extra toxic stabilizers or reducing agents. The reactive formulation was confined between two glass slides and exposed to a continuous near-UV source. In this way, stable silver nano-layers can be generated directly on the substrate with a very good control of the morphology of as-synthesized nanostructures that allows tailoring the optical properties of the coated layers. The position and width of the corresponding surface plasmon resonance bands can be adjusted over a broad spectral window. By extension, this low-cost and easy-to-apply process can also be used to coat ultra thin layers of metal nanostructures on a variety of substrates. The possibility of controlling of nanostructures shape should achieve valuable developments in many fields, as diverse as plasmonics, surface enhanced Raman scattering, nano-electronic circuitry, or medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaier
- CNRS Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
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Abstract
On the basis of the use of photopolymerization technology, a facile and reliable method for in situ preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within PNIPAAm functional surfaces is presented as a means to achieve nonfouling, antibacterial films. The surface properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial and release properties of the surfaces were tested against E. coli: at 37 °C (above the LCST of PNIPAAm), the functional films facilitated the attachment of bacteria, which were then killed by the AgNPs. Changing temperature to 4 °C (below the LCST), swollen PNIPAAm chains led the release of dead bacteria. The results showed that AgNPs/PNIPAAm hybrid surfaces offer a "smart" antibacterial capability in response to the change of environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado , Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
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26
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Fantino E, Chiappone A, Roppolo I, Manfredi D, Bongiovanni R, Pirri CF, Calignano F. 3D Printing of Conductive Complex Structures with In Situ Generation of Silver Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2016; 28:3712-7. [PMID: 26992060 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coupling the photoreduction of a metal precursor with 3D-printing technology is shown to allow the fabrication of conductive 3D hybrid structures consisting of metal nanoparticles and organic polymers shaped in complex multilayered architectures. 3D conductive structures are fabricated incorporating silver nitrate into a photocurable oligomer in the presence of suitable photoinitiators and exposing them to a digital light system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fantino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Diego Manfredi
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Roberta Bongiovanni
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Flaviana Calignano
- Center for Space Human Robotics@PoliTo, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, 10129, Italy
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27
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Song GS, Lee DS, Kang I. The Effects of in Situ-Formed Silver Nanoparticles on the Electrical Properties of Epoxy Resin Filled with Silver Nanowires. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E157. [PMID: 30979250 PMCID: PMC6432508 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for preparing epoxy/silver nanocomposites was developed via the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within the epoxy resin matrix while using silver nanowires (AgNWs) as a conductive filler. The silver⁻imidazole complex was synthesized from silver acetate (AgAc) and 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (imidazole). AgNPs were generated in situ during the curing of the epoxy resin through the thermal decomposition of the AgAc⁻imidazole complex, which was capable of reducing Ag⁺ to Ag by itself. The released imidazole acted as a catalyst to cure the epoxy. Additionally, after the curing process, the in situ-generated AgNPs were stabilized by the formed epoxy network. Therefore, by using the thermal decomposition method, uniformly dispersed AgNPs of approximately 100 nm were formed in situ in the epoxy matrix filled with AgNWs. It was observed that the nanocomposites containing in situ-formed AgNPs exhibited isotropic electrical properties in the epoxy resins in the presence of AgNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Seok Song
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Korea.
| | - Dai Soo Lee
- Division of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Korea.
| | - Ilho Kang
- Research Center, NEPES AMC, 99 Seokam-ro, Iksan, Chonbuk 54587, Korea.
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28
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Abstract
Photochemical reactions, particularly those involving photoinduced electron transfer processes, establish a substantial contribution to the modern synthetic chemistry, and the polymer community has been increasingly interested in exploiting and developing novel photochemical strategies. These reactions are efficiently utilized in almost every aspect of macromolecular architecture synthesis, involving initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and decoration, etc. Merging with polymerization techniques, photochemistry has opened up new intriguing and powerful avenues for macromolecular synthesis. Construction of various polymers with incredibly complex structures and specific control over the chain topology, as well as providing the opportunity to manipulate the reaction course through spatiotemporal control, are one of the unique abilities of such photochemical reactions. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polymer synthesis. Besides traditional photopolymerization methods, namely free radical and cationic polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations involving electron transfer processes are included. In addition, controlled radical polymerization and "Click Chemistry" methods have significantly evolved over the last few decades allowing access to narrow molecular weight distributions, efficient regulation of the molecular weight and the monomer sequence and incredibly complex architectures, and polymer modifications and surface patterning are covered. Potential applications including synthesis of block and graft copolymers, polymer-metal nanocomposites, various hybrid materials and bioconjugates, and sequence defined polymers through photoinduced electron transfer reactions are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sean Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Roppolo I, Doriguzzi Bozzo A, Castellino M, Chiappone A, Perrone D, Bejtka K, Bocchini S, Sangermano M, Chiolerio A. Dual step irradiation process for in situ generation and patterning of silver nanoparticles in a photocured film. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel dual step irradiation process for the in situ generation and patterning of silver nanoparticles in a photocured matrix was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Roppolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - A. Doriguzzi Bozzo
- Politecnico di Torino
- Applied Science and Technology Department
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - M. Castellino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - A. Chiappone
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - D. Perrone
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - K. Bejtka
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - S. Bocchini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - M. Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino
- Applied Science and Technology Department
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - A. Chiolerio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- Center for Space Human Robotics
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Doran
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Tehfe M, Elkoun S, Robert M. N-Vinylcarbazole: As an Additive for Thermal Polymerization at Room Temperature with in situ Formation of Ag(0) Nanoparticules. Applied Sciences 2015; 5:241-58. [DOI: 10.3390/app5030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Lalevée J, Bourgon J, Poupart R, Leroy E, Batisda JC, Fouassier JP, Versace DL. Oxygen-Mediated Reactions in Photopolymerizable Radical Thin Films: Application to Simultaneous Photocuring Under Air and Nanoparticle Formation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M); UMR CNRS 7361; ENSCMu-UHA15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Julie Bourgon
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE); UMR CNRS 7182; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC); 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Romain Poupart
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE); UMR CNRS 7182; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC); 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | - Eric Leroy
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE); UMR CNRS 7182; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC); 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
| | | | | | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE); UMR CNRS 7182; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC); 2-8 rue Henri Dunant 94320 Thiais France
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33
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Tehfe MA, Jamois R, Cousin P, Elkoun S, Robert M. In situ synthesis and characterization of silver/polymer nanocomposites by thermal cationic polymerization processes at room temperature: initiating systems based on organosilanes and starch nanocrystals. Langmuir 2015; 31:4305-4313. [PMID: 25793620 DOI: 10.1021/la504518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New methods for the preparation of silver nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite materials by thermal cationic polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) or α-pinene oxide (α-PO) at room temperature (RT) and under air were developed. The new initiating systems were based on silanes (Si), starch nanocrystals (StN) and metal salts. Excellent polymerization profiles were revealed. It was shown that silver nanoparticles (Ag(0) NPs) were in situ formed and that the addition of StN improves the polymerization efficiency. The as-synthesized nanocomposite materials contained spherical nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrices. Polymers and nanoparticles were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis spectroscopy. A coherent picture of the involved chemical mechanisms is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 blvd Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2C3, Canada
| | - Romain Jamois
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 blvd Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2C3, Canada
| | - Patrice Cousin
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 blvd Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2C3, Canada
| | - Saïd Elkoun
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 blvd Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2C3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Robert
- Carrefour of Innovative Technology and Ecodesign (CITE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, 2500 blvd Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2C3, Canada
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Lorenzini C, Haider A, Kang IK, Sangermano M, Abbad-Andalloussi S, Mazeran PE, Lalevée J, Renard E, Langlois V, Versace DL. Photoinduced development of antibacterial materials derived from isosorbide moiety. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:683-94. [PMID: 25633575 DOI: 10.1021/bm501755r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward method for immobilizing in situ generated silver nanoparticles on the surface of a photoactivable isosorbide-derived monomer is developed with the objective to design a functional material having antibacterial properties. The photoinduced thiol-ene mechanism involved in these syntheses is described by the electron spin resonance/spin trapping technique. The resulting materials with or without silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were used as films or as coatings on glass substrate. The surface of the synthesized materials was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by dynamic-mechanical thermal tests, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, along with pencil hardness, nanoindentation, and scratch resistance tests. The photoinduced formation of Ag NPs is also confirmed by UV spectrophotometry. Finally, a primary investigation demonstrates the antibacterial properties of the isosorbide-derived material against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as its cytocompatibility toward NIH 3T3 fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Lorenzini
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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Abdolmaleki A, Sorvand E, Sabzalian MR. Synthesis and characterization of novel antibacterial poly(imidosulfide)/Ag nanocomposite. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015; 72:1007-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lalevée J, Poupart R, Bourgon J, Fouassier JP, Versace DL. In situ production of visible light absorbing Ti-based nanoparticles in solution and in a photopolymerizable cationic matrix. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5762-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of visible-light absorbing Ti NPs from photoinitiating systems based on titanium(iv) propoxide derivatives/iodonium salt under light activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- UMR CNRS 7361
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - R. Poupart
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est - UMR 7182
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
- Equipe “Systèmes Polymères Complexes”
- 94320 Thiais
- France
| | - J. Bourgon
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est - UMR 7182
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
- Equipe “Systèmes Polymères Complexes”
- 94320 Thiais
- France
| | - J.-P. Fouassier
- Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Mulhouse (ENSCMu)-Universite de Haute-Alsace (UHA)
- 68093 Mulhouse cedex
- France
| | - D.-L. Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est - UMR 7182
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
- Equipe “Systèmes Polymères Complexes”
- 94320 Thiais
- France
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Dadashi-Silab S, Aydogan C, Yagci Y. Shining a light on an adaptable photoinitiator: advances in photopolymerizations initiated by thioxanthones. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the advancements and progress in photoinitiated polymerization techniques mediated by thioxanthone (TX) and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry
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Sangermano M, Vivier F, Rizza G, Yagci Y. Synthesis of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/Silver Nanoprism Composites through Simultaneous Photoinduced Polymerization and Electron Transfer Processes. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.906265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Knaapila M, Høyer H, Kjelstrup-Hansen J, Helgesen G. Transparency enhancement for photoinitiated polymerization (UV curing) through magnetic field alignment in a piezoresistive metal/polymer composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:3469-3476. [PMID: 24527791 DOI: 10.1021/am405625z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We use a magnetic field to align nickel particles into stringlike assemblies in urethane oligomer mixtures and create a semitransparent UV-curable nickel particle/polymer composite with anisotropic electrical conductivity and piezoresistive properties. When the particles are uniformly distributed in the oligourethane matrix, the mixture is moderately conductive at higher particle fractions but becomes insulating once the fraction is below about 5 vol %. With the particle fraction below this threshold and using an external magnetic field, the particles are aligned into continuous pathways through the oligomer mixtures following the magnetic flux lines. The matrix is subsequently cured by UV light. This results in conductivity and piezoresistivity along the alignment direction, while the material is not conducting perpendicular to the alignment direction. The lower particle fraction results in a lower number of absorbers for UV light: the decrease from 5 to 1 vol % increases optical transmission from 10% to 50% in the UV/vis region. This leads to a shorter photocuring time, typically from tens of seconds to seconds for 300-μm-thick films at a wavelength of 365 nm. We propose that this concept could be applied in areas such as pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology , NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
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Izquierdo-Lorenzo I, Jradi S, Adam PM. Direct laser writing of random Au nanoparticle three-dimensional structures for highly reproducible micro-SERS measurements. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46220j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Buruiana EC, Podasca VE, Buruiana T. Preparation and characterization of novel p-acryloyloxybenzaldehyde copolymers bearing pyrene or fluorescein moieties. Interaction of fluorophore with some quenchers and silver nanoparticles. Des Monomers Polym 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2013.840512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emil C. Buruiana
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Viorica E. Podasca
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Tinca Buruiana
- ‘Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487, Romania
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Pınar Batat
- Koc University, Chemistry Department, Rumelifeneri Yolu,
Sariyer,TR-34450, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - A. Levent Demirel
- Koc University, Chemistry Department, Rumelifeneri Yolu,
Sariyer,TR-34450, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | - Guangjuan Xu
- Institute of Polymer
Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569,
Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer
Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569,
Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers, Körschtalstr.
26, D-73770 Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul,
Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced
Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589,
Saudi Arabia
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Taskin OS, Yilmaz G, Tasdelen MA, Yagci Y. Photoinduced reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate using camphorquinone/benzhydrol system. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Suat Taskin
- Istanbul Technical University; Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Department, Maslak; TR-34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Istanbul Technical University; Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Department, Maslak; TR-34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Istanbul Technical University; Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Department, Maslak; TR-34469 Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Yalova University; TR-77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University; Faculty of Science and Letters, Chemistry Department, Maslak; TR-34469 Istanbul Turkey
- King Abdulaziz University; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Mokbel H, Dumur F, Telitel S, Vidal L, Xiao P, Versace DL, Tehfe MA, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Lalevée J. Photoinitiating systems of polymerization and in situ incorporation of metal nanoparticles into polymer matrices upon exposure to visible light: push–pull malonate and malononitrile based dyes. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chiolerio A, Roppolo I, Sangermano M. Radical diffusion engineering: tailored nanocomposite materials for piezoresistive inkjet printed strain measurement. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ghoreishi KB, Yarmo MA, Nordin NM, Samsudin MW. Enhanced Catalyst Activity of Using Polypyrrole as Support for Acidic Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid. J CHEM-NY 2013; 2013:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/264832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polypyrrole supported WO3were fabricated and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, BET, TGA, and FESEM-EDX. The activity of the catalysts was tested in glycerol esterification with acetic acid, and it found that WO3-Ppy-20 (nanocomposite with 20% WO3loaded) showed the maximum catalyst activity with 98% and selectivity of 70% to triacetin at 110°C with a reaction duration of 10 h and also recorded the highest selectivity (75%) for acetylation of glycerol to monoacetin with about 59% conversion only. The highest acidity of WO3-Ppy-20 is also confirmed using TPD-NH3analysis. The activity and selectivity to triacetin of the catalyst were enhanced by increasing WO3loading amount, resulting in 82% conversion for WO3-Ppy-5 with about 32 and 50% selectivity to monoacetin and diacetin and about 18% selectivity to triacetin; in case of WO3-Ppy-20, these amounts were changed to 5, 25, and 70% selectivity to monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin, respectively with the conversion of 98%. TPD-NH3analysis found that polypyrrole supported WO3increases the catalyst acidity of WO3. BET and FESEM analyses revealed that WO3particles were well dispersed with the smallest average size in nanocomposite compared to pure WO3, which could contribute to the high activity of WO3-Ppy catalyst for esterification of glycerol.
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Nehlig E, Schneider R, Vidal L, Clavier G, Balan L. Silver nanoparticles coated with thioxanthone derivative as hybrid photoinitiating systems for free radical polymerization. Langmuir 2012; 28:17795-17802. [PMID: 23231028 DOI: 10.1021/la303923p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new type of photoinitiator for free radical polymerization was synthesized and characterized. 2-(11-Mercaptoundecyloxy)thioxanthone (1) was anchored at the surface of silver nanoparticles (NPs), and the interaction of plasmon field generated in the immediate vicinity of Ag NPs carrying the chromophores was evaluated. The optical features and structure of the silver-initiator nanoassemblies (Ag@1) were characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM and XRD studies revealed the presence of ca. 5-6 nm diameter Ag NPs, and XPS also confirmed the successful anchorage of 1 at their periphery. The nanoassemblies Ag@1 were successfully used as macroinitiator for radical polymerization of acrylate monomers, triggered photochemically, to obtain Ag(0)-polyacrylate nanocomposite materials. The nanocomposite materials synthesized with the use of Ag@1 exhibit attractive possibilities for patterning the surface of thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Nehlig
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UPR 3349, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
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Broomfield L, Sebastián R, Marquet J, Schönfeld R. Ambient temperature polymerisation of oxiranes initiated by the novel MSbF6/H2O co-initiator system. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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