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Dolatyabi S, Renu S, Schrock J, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan-nanoparticle-based oral Salmonella enteritidis subunit vaccine elicits cross-protection against Salmonella typhimurium in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103569. [PMID: 38447310 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella infection is a significant health and economic burden in poultry industry. Developing an oral vaccine to induce robust mucosal immunity in the intestines of birds, especially cross protection against different Salmonella serotypes is challenging. Therefore, a potent oral vaccine platform that can mitigate different serotypes of Salmonella is warranted for the poultry industry. We reported earlier that the Salmonella enteritidis (SE) immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin (FLA) entrapped in mannose chitosan nanoparticles (OMPs-FLA-mCS NPs) administered prime-boost (d-3 and 3-wk later) by oral inoculation elicits mucosal immunity and reduces challenge SE colonization by over 1 log10 CFU in birds. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether the SE antigens containing OMPs-FLA-mCS NPs vaccine induces cross-protection against Salmonella typhimurium (ST) in broilers. Our data indicated that the OMPs-FLA-mCS NPs vaccine induced higher cross-protective antibody responses compared to commercial Poulvac ST vaccine (contains a modified-live ST bacterium). Particularly, OMPs-FLA-mCS-NP vaccine elicited OMPs and FLA antigens specific increased production of secretory IgA and IgY antibodies in samples collected at both post-vaccination and post-challenge timepoints compared to commercial vaccine group. Notably, the vaccine reduced the challenge ST bacterial load by 0.8 log10 CFU in the cecal content, which was comparable to the outcome of Poulvac ST vaccination. In conclusion, our data suggested that orally administered OMPs-FLA-mCS-NP SE vaccine elicited cross protective mucosal immune responses against ST colonization in broilers. Thus, this candidate vaccine could be a viable option replacing the existing both live and killed Salmonella vaccines for birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dolatyabi
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sankar Renu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences; The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
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Tabynov K, Solomadin M, Turebekov N, Babayeva M, Fomin G, Yadagiri G, Renu S, Yerubayev T, Petrovsky N, Renukaradhya GJ, Tabynov K. Author Correction: An intranasal vaccine comprising SARS‑CoV‑2 spike receptor‑binding domain protein entrapped in mannose‑conjugated chitosan nanoparticle provides protection in hamsters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12485. [PMID: 37528132 PMCID: PMC10393974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory with Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim Solomadin
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
- School of Pharmacy, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurkeldi Turebekov
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruert Babayeva
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gleb Fomin
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ganesh Yadagiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Sankar Renu
- Center for Food Animal Health, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Toktassyn Yerubayev
- Central Reference Laboratory, M. Aikimbayev National Scientific Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
- Republican Allergy Center, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Amle S, Radford S, Wang Z, Bronsart L, Mohanty P, Renu S, Shank-Retzlaff M. Use of capillary-mediated vitrification to produce thermostable, single-use antibody conjugates as immunoassay reagents. J Immunol Methods 2023; 516:113460. [PMID: 36967060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The performance of enzyme-linked immunoassays is directly dependent on the storage, handling, and long-term stability of the critical reagents used in the assay. Currently, antibody reagents are routinely stored as concentrated, multi-use, frozen aliquots. This practice results in material waste, adds complexity to laboratory workflows, and can compromise reagents via cross-contamination and freeze-thaw damage. While refrigeration or freezing can slow down many degradation processes, the freezing process itself can have damaging effects, including introduction of aggregation and microheterogeneity. To address these challenges, we evaluated the application of capillary-mediated vitrification (CMV) as a tool for storing antibody reagents in a thermostable, single-use format. CMV is a novel biopreservation method that enables vitrification of biological materials without freezing. Using an anti-human IgG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate as a model system, we prepared CMV-stabilized aliquots which were stored in a single-use format at temperatures ranging from 25 to 55 °C for up to 3 months. Each stabilized aliquot contained enough antibody to perform a single assay run. We evaluated the assay performance and functional stability of the CMV-stabilized reagents using a plate-based ELISA. Assays run using the CMV stabilized reagents exhibited good linearity and precision that was comparable to results obtained with a frozen control. Throughout the stability study, the maximum signal and EC50s observed for ELISAs run using CMV-stabilized reagents were generally consistent with those obtained using a frozen control. These results indicate that the CMV process has the potential to improve both reagent stability and long-term assay performance, while also reducing reagent waste and simplifying assay workflows.
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George NA, Suresh S, Jiji V, Renu S, Thomas S, Janardhan D, Jagathnath Krishna KM, Patil S, Samuel DM, George CK, Moideen SP. Correlation of TIRADS and Bethesda Scoring Systems with Final Histopathology of Thyroid Nodules - An Institutional Experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:5753-5758. [PMID: 36742706 PMCID: PMC9895457 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reduces the number of unnecessary thyroid surgeries for patients with benign nodules and appropriately triages patients with thyroid cancer to appropriate treatment. This was a observational study done on cases presenting with clinical suspicion of thyroid malignancy which underwent ultrasonography followed by FNAC of thyroid nodule. Ultrasonographic characterization of nodules was based on Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) and cytology reporting was based on Bethesda system. All recruited patients underwent thyroidectomy. Pre-operative cytology and ultrasonography features were compared with final histopathology report. In our study, Bethesda system of cytology reporting for thyroid nodules had a better sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy than TIRADS system of ultrasound reporting. Bethesda system in FNAC had a larger area under the ROC curve (0.91) as compared to ultrasound TIRADS (0.70). Malignancy rate of TIRADS 5 nodules was 97.1% with significant p value (0.022). 100% of Bethesda VI lesions were malignant according to final histopathology report. Ultrasound TIRADS could pre-operatively predict malignancy in 63.6% of indeterminate thyroid nodules which were malignant according to post-operative histopathology. The overall concordance of ultrasound TIRADS, Bethesda system and histopathology was 69.8%. Higher TIRADS and Bethesda scoring among thyroid nodules was associated with increased risk of malignancy. US TIRADS is a good predictor of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebu Abraham George
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sandeep Suresh
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - V. Jiji
- Department of Radiology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S. Renu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shaji Thomas
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Deepak Janardhan
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Shirish Patil
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Deepa Mary Samuel
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ciju K. George
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sanu P. Moideen
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Renu S, Shank-Retzlaff M, Sharpe J, Bronsart L, Mohanty P. Capillary-Mediated Vitrification: Preservation of mRNA at Elevated Temperatures. AAPS J 2022; 24:75. [PMID: 35710853 PMCID: PMC9203046 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA is a fundamental tool for molecular and cellular biology research. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has proved it is also invaluable in vaccine development. However, the need for cold storage to maintain RNA integrity and the practical and economic burden associated with cold chain logistics highlight the need for new and improved preservation methods. We recently showed the use of capillary-mediated vitrification (CMV), as a tool for stabilizing temperature-sensitive enzymes. Here, we demonstrate the use of CMV as a method to preserve mRNA. The CMV process was performed by formulating a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding mRNA with common excipients, applying the solution to a porous support, referred to as the scaffold, and drying the samples under vacuum for 30 min. The CMV preserved samples were stored at 55 °C for up to 100 days or 25 °C for 60 days and analyzed by electrophoresis and for transfection efficiency in a cell-based assay. The 55 °C-stressed mRNA exhibited comparable electrophoresis banding patterns and band intensity when compared to a frozen, liquid control. Additionally, the CMV stabilized mRNA maintained 97.5 ± 8.7% transfection efficiency after 77 days and 78.4 ± 3.9% after 100 days when stored 55 °C and analyzed using a cell-based assay in the CHO-K1 cell line. In contrast, a liquid control exhibited no bands on the electrophoresis gel and lost all transfection activity after being stored overnight at 55 °C. Likewise, after 60 days at 25 °C, the CMV-processed samples had full transfection activity while the activity of the liquid control was reduced to 40.1 ± 4.6%. In conclusion, CMV is a simple formulation method that significantly enhances the thermal stability of mRNA, requires minimal processing time, and could enable formulation of mRNA that can tolerate exposure to temperatures well above 25 °C during shipment and deployment in extreme environments.
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Renu S, Deblais L, Patil V, Schrock J, Kathayat D, Srivastava V, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Han Y, Ramesh A, Lakshmanappa YS, Ghimire S, Dhakal S, Rajashekara G, Renukaradhya GJ. Gut Microbiota of Obese Children Influences Inflammatory Mucosal Immune Pathways in the Respiratory Tract to Influenza Virus Infection: Optimization of an Ideal Duration of Microbial Colonization in a Gnotobiotic Pig Model. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0267421. [PMID: 35579462 PMCID: PMC9241774 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02674-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of obesity on the human microbiota, immune maturation, and influenza virus infection has not been yet established in natural host animal models of influenza. In this study, gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs were colonized with human fecal microbiota (HFM) of obese (oHFM) or healthy lean (hHFM) children and infected at different periods (2-, 3-, and 5-weeks post-transplantation) using a zoonotic influenza virus strain. The infected oHFM pigs were characterized by lower levels of Firmicutes (Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium), which was associated with higher levels of Proteobacteria (Klebsiella), Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia) compared with the infected hHFM group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, these genera significantly correlated with the expression of immune effectors, immune regulators, and inflammatory mediators, and displayed opposite trends between oHFM and hHFM groups (P < 0.01). The lymphoid and myeloid immune cell frequencies were differently modulated by the oHFM and hHFM colonization, especially apparent in the 5-weeks HFM colonized piglets. In addition, oHFM group had higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFNγ) gene expression in the respiratory tract compared with the hHFM colonized pigs was detected. In conclusion, pigs colonized for longer duration, established oHFM increased the immune maturation favoring the activation of inflammatory mediators, however, the influenza virus load remained comparable with the hHFM group. Further, a longer duration of microbial colonization (5 weeks) may be required to reveal the impact of microbiome on the host immune maturation and susceptibility to influenza virus infection in the humanized Gn pig model. IMPORTANCE The diversity of gut microbiome of obese people differs markedly from that of lean healthy individuals which, in turn, influences the severity of inflammatory diseases because of differential maturation of immune system. The mouse model provides crucial insights into the mechanism(s) regulating the immune systems mediated by the gut microbiota but its applicability to humans is questionable because immune cells in mice are poorly activated in microbiota humanized mice. Several important strains of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium fails to colonize the murine gut. Thus, understanding the role of certain important commensal gut bacterial species influences upon health and disease, a suitable large animal model like pig that supports the growth and colonization of most of the important human gut bacteria and possess comparable immunology and physiology to humans is beneficial to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Loic Deblais
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Dipak Kathayat
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Anikethana Ramesh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Yashavanth S. Lakshmanappa
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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Tabynov K, Babayeva M, Nurpeisov T, Fomin G, Nurpeisov T, Saltabayeva U, Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ, Petrovsky N, Tabynov K. Evaluation of a Novel Adjuvanted Vaccine for Ultrashort Regimen Therapy of Artemisia Pollen-Induced Allergic Bronchial Asthma in a Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828690. [PMID: 35371056 PMCID: PMC8965083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wormwood (Artemisia) pollen is among the top 10 aeroallergens globally that cause allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the gold standard for treating patients with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. A significant disadvantage of today's ASIT methods is the long duration of therapy and multiplicity of allergen administrations. The goal of this study was to undertake a pilot study in mice of a novel ultrashort vaccine immunotherapy regimen incorporating various adjuvants to assess its ability to treat allergic bronchial asthma caused by wormwood pollen. We evaluated in a mouse model of wormwood pollen allergy candidates comprising recombinant Art v 1 wormwood pollen protein formulated with either newer (Advax, Advax-CpG, ISA-51) or more traditional [aluminum hydroxide, squalene water emulsion (SWE)] adjuvants administered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route vs. intranasal administration of a mucosal vaccine formulation using chitosan-mannose nanoparticle entrapped with Art v 1 protein. The vaccine formulations were administered to previously wormwood pollen-sensitized animals, four times at weekly intervals. Desensitization was determined by measuring decreases in immunoglobulin E (IgE), cellular immunity, ear swelling test, and pathological changes in the lungs of animals after aeroallergen challenge. Art v 1 protein formulation with Advax, Advax-CpG, SWE, or ISA-51 adjuvants induced a significant decrease in both total and Art v 1-specific IgE with a concurrent increase in Art v 1-specific IgG compared to the positive control group. There was a shift in T-cell cytokine secretion toward a Th1 (Advax-CpG, ISA-51, and Advax) or a balanced Th1/Th2 (SWE) pattern. Protection against lung inflammatory reaction after challenge was seen with ISA-51, Advax, and SWE Art v 1 formulations. Overall, the ISA-51-adjuvanted vaccine group induced the largest reduction of allergic ear swelling and protection against type 2 and non-type 2 lung inflammation in challenged animals. This pilot study shows the potential to develop an ultrashort ASIT regimen for wormwood pollen-induced bronchial asthma using appropriately adjuvanted recombinant Art v 1 protein. The data support further preclinical studies with the ultimate goal of advancing this therapy to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Preclinical Research Laboratory With Vivarium, M. Aikimbayev National Research Center for Especially Dangerous Infections, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruert Babayeva
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Department of General Immunology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Tair Nurpeisov
- Department of General Immunology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Republican Allergy Center, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gleb Fomin
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Temirzhan Nurpeisov
- Department of General Immunology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Sankar Renu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Kaissar Tabynov
- International Center for Vaccinology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan.,T&TvaX LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Republican Allergy Center, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Shank-Retzlaff M, Taverner YP, Joshi P, Renu S, Chitikela A, Koneru A, Wang Z, Bronsart L, Mohanty P. Capillary-Mediated Vitrification: A Novel Approach for Improving Thermal Stability of Enzymes and Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2280-2287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Renu S, Sarim KM, Singh DP, Sahu U, Bhoyar MS, Sahu A, Kaur B, Gupta A, Mandal A, Thakur JK, Manna MC, Saxena AK. Deciphering Cadmium (Cd) Tolerance in Newly Isolated Bacterial Strain, Ochrobactrum intermedium BB12, and Its Role in Alleviation of Cd Stress in Spinach Plant ( Spinacia oleracea L.). Front Microbiol 2022; 12:758144. [PMID: 35140690 PMCID: PMC8819065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.758144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium Ochrobactrum intermedium BB12 was isolated from sewage waste collected from the municipal sewage dumping site of Bhopal, India. The bacterium showed multiple heavy metal tolerance ability and had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration of 150 mg L-1 of Cd. Growth kinetics, biosorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies on BB12 in the presence of Cd suggested biosorption as primary mode of interaction. SEM and TEM studies revealed surface deposition of Cd. FTIR spectra indicated nitrogen atom in exopolysaccharides secreted by BB12 to be the main site for Cd attachment. The potential of BB12 to alleviate the impact of Cd toxicity in spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) var. F1-MULAYAM grown in the soil containing Cd at 25, 50, and 75 mg kg-1 was evaluated. Without bacterial inoculation, plants showed delayed germination, decrease in the chlorophyll content, and stunted growth at 50 and 75 mg kg-1 Cd content. Bacterial inoculation, however, resulted in the early germination, increased chlorophyll, and increase in shoot (28.33%) and root fresh weight (72.60%) at 50 mg kg-1 of Cd concentration after 75 days of sowing. Due to bacterial inoculation, elevated proline accumulation and lowered down superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was observed in the Cd-stressed plants. The isolate BB12 was capable of alleviating Cd from the soil by biosorption as evident from significant reduction in the uptake/translocation and bioaccumulation of Cd in bacteria itself and in the plant parts of treated spinach. Potential PGP prospects and heavy metal bioremediation capability of BB12 can make the environmental application of the organism a promising approach to reduce Cd toxicity in the crops grown in metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Renu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Khan Mohd. Sarim
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
| | - Upasana Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Manish S. Bhoyar
- Intellectual Property Management Unit, National Innovation Foundation, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Asha Sahu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Gupta
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Asit Mandal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
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Acevedo-Villanueva KY, Renu S, Shanmugasundaram R, Akerele GO, Gourapura RJ, Selvaraj RK. Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle vaccine administration is protective against Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler birds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259334. [PMID: 34784366 PMCID: PMC8594846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella control strategies include vaccines that help reduce the spread of Salmonella in poultry flocks. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of administering a live Salmonella vaccine followed by a killed Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine booster on the cellular and humoral immunity of broilers. The CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) outer-membrane-proteins (OMPs) and flagellin-proteins. At d1-of-age, one-hundred-sixty-eight chicks were allocated into treatments: 1) No vaccine, 2) Live vaccine (Poulvac®ST), 3) CNP vaccine, 4) Live+CNP vaccine. At d1-of-age, birds were orally vaccinated with PBS, Live vaccine, or CNP. At d7-of-age, the No vaccine, Live vaccine and CNP vaccine groups were boosted with PBS and the Live+CNP vaccine group was boosted with CNP. At d14-of-age, birds were challenged with 1×109 CFU/bird S. Enteritidis. There were no significant differences in body-weight-gain (BWG) or feed-conversion-ratio (FCR). At 8h-post-challenge, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 17% and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d28-of-age, CNP, Live, and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 33%, 18%, and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d14-of-age, Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 46% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgY in serum, compared to control. At d21-of-age, splenocytes from CNP and Live-vaccinated birds had increased (P<0.05) T-lymphocyte proliferation at 0.02 mg/mL OMPs stimulation compared to the control. At d28-of-age, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 0.9 Log10 CFU/g and 1 Log10 CFU/g decreased S. Enteritidis cecal loads (P<0.05), respectively, compared to control. The CNP vaccine does not have adverse effects on bird's BWG and FCR or IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, or iNOS mRNA expression levels. It can be concluded that the CNP vaccine, as a first dose or as a booster vaccination, is an alternative vaccine candidate against S. Enteritidis in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sankar Renu
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Gabriel O. Akerele
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Renukaradhy J. Gourapura
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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11
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Acevedo-Villanueva KY, Akerele GO, Al Hakeem WG, Renu S, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK. A Novel Approach against Salmonella: A Review of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Broilers and Layers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9091041. [PMID: 34579278 PMCID: PMC8470574 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work discusses the present-day limitations of current commercial Salmonella vaccines for broilers and layers and explores a novel approach towards poultry vaccination using biodegradable nanoparticle vaccines against Salmonella. With the increasing global population and poultry production and consumption, Salmonella is a potential health risk for humans. The oral administration of killed or inactivated vaccines would provide a better alternative to the currently commercially available Salmonella vaccines for poultry. However, there are currently no commercial oral killed-vaccines against Salmonella for use in broilers or layers. There is a need for novel and effective interventions in the poultry industry. Polymeric nanoparticles could give way to an effective mass-administered mucosal vaccination method for Salmonella. The scope of this work is limited to polymeric nanoparticles against Salmonella for use in broilers and layers. This review is based on the information available at the time of the investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Y. Acevedo-Villanueva
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.Y.A.-V.); (G.O.A.); (W.G.A.H.)
| | - Gabriel O. Akerele
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.Y.A.-V.); (G.O.A.); (W.G.A.H.)
| | - Walid Ghazi Al Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.Y.A.-V.); (G.O.A.); (W.G.A.H.)
| | - Sankar Renu
- Upkara Inc., 45145 W 12 Mile Rd, Novi, MI 48377, USA;
| | | | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (K.Y.A.-V.); (G.O.A.); (W.G.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Renu S, Wilson HL, Tabynov K, Hiremath J. Editorial: Engineered Adjuvants and Carriers for an Animal Infectious Disease Vaccine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692634. [PMID: 34095103 PMCID: PMC8176111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, India
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13
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Gourapura RJ, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Patil V, Schrock J, Han Y, Ramesh A, Dhakal S, Krakowka S, Renu S. Mannose Conjugated Chitosan-based Influenza Nanovaccine Intranasal Inoculation Enhances the Cross-reactive Immunity in Maternal Antibodies Positive Pigs. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.19.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) causes respiratory tract infection in pigs. Parenteral administration of inactivated SwIAV vaccine in weaned piglets provides variable protection due to preexisting specific maternal derived antibodies (MDA). We developed killed SwIAV antigen (KAg) encapsulated mannose-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (mCS NPs-KAg) vaccine which targets dendritic cells. In MDA-positive piglets, prime-boost intranasal inoculation of mCS NPs-KAg vaccine elicited enhanced homologous (H1N2-OH10), heterologous (H1N1-OH7), and heterosubtypic (H3N2-OH4) influenza virus-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody response in nasal passage compared to control CS NPs-KAg vaccinates. In both mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates upon challenge with a heterologous virus observed augmented cross-reactive virus-specific sIgA antibody response in nasal swab, lung lysate, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and IgG antibody levels in lung lysate and BAL fluid samples. Whereas the multivalent commercial inactivated SwIAV vaccine administered intramuscular had increased only the specific serum IgG antibody response. Additionally, mCS NPs-KAg vaccine increased the specific recall lymphocyte proliferation, and the frequency of IFNγ secreting T cells, late effector and effector memory T cells, and cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFNγ gene expression compared to CS NPs-KAg and commercial SwIAV vaccinates. Both the mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccines efficiently cleared the challenge virus load from airways and reduced the lung lesions compared to commercial vaccine. Overall, mCS NP-KAg vaccine in MDA-positive pigs induced a robust cross-reactive immunity and offered cross-protection against influenza virus.
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14
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Reddy J, Arumugam R, Lasrado N, Renu S, Gourapura RJ. Antigen-specific T cell tolerance in the prevention of post-infectious myocarditis induced with Coxsackievirus B3. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.18.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Of the many types of heart disease, myocarditis is a predominant cause of heart failure in adolescents, and 10–20% of those affected can develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with infiltrates in their hearts. Autoimmunity resulting from exposure to infectious agents such as Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB) has been suggested as a possible underlying mechanism of chronic myocarditis in the development of DCM. We recently demonstrated that CVB infection could lead to the generation of pathogenic autoreactive T cells leading to a suggestion that their effector functions can be suppressed by developing antigen-specific T cell therapies. To this end, we sought to generate induced Treg cells by using biodegradable nanoparticle delivery system made of chitosan and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) entrapped with interleukin-2 and transforming growth factor termed, nanocytokines. Our data suggest that the PLGA nanocytokines can stably induce Forkhead box protein P3, a molecular marker of Treg cells accompanied with complete suppression of interferon-γ production. Our preliminary data indicate that the Treg cells induced with nanocytokines can suppress non-Treg cells in vitro leading to a suggestion that they could be used to prevent the expansion of autoreactive T cells generated in mice affected with viral myocarditis.
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15
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Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Patil V, Schrock J, Han Y, Ramesh A, Dhakal S, Hanson J, Krakowka S, Renukaradhya GJ. Immunity and Protective Efficacy of Mannose Conjugated Chitosan-Based Influenza Nanovaccine in Maternal Antibody Positive Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:584299. [PMID: 33746943 PMCID: PMC7969509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.584299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral administration of killed/inactivated swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) vaccine in weaned piglets provides variable levels of immunity due to the presence of preexisting virus specific maternal derived antibodies (MDA). To overcome the effect of MDA on SwIAV vaccine in piglets, we developed an intranasal deliverable killed SwIAV antigen (KAg) encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles called chitosan-based NPs encapsulating KAg (CS NPs-KAg) vaccine. Further, to target the candidate vaccine to dendritic cells and macrophages which express mannose receptor, we conjugated mannose to chitosan (mCS) and formulated KAg encapsulated mCS nanoparticles called mannosylated chitosan-based NPs encapsulating KAg (mCS NPs-KAg) vaccine. In MDA-positive piglets, prime-boost intranasal inoculation of mCS NPs-KAg vaccine elicited enhanced homologous (H1N2-OH10), heterologous (H1N1-OH7), and heterosubtypic (H3N2-OH4) influenza virus-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) antibody response in nasal passage compared to CS NPs-KAg vaccinates. In vaccinated upon challenged with a heterologous SwIAV H1N1, both mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates augmented H1N2-OH10, H1N1-OH7, and H3N2-OH4 virus-specific sIgA antibody responses in nasal swab, lung lysate, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; and IgG antibody levels in lung lysate and BAL fluid samples. Whereas, the multivalent commercial inactivated SwIAV vaccine delivered intramuscularly increased serum IgG antibody response. In mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates increased H1N2-OH10 but not H1N1-OH7 and H3N2-OH4-specific serum hemagglutination inhibition titers were observed. Additionally, mCS NPs-KAg vaccine increased specific recall lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IFNγ gene expression compared to CS NPs-KAg and commercial SwIAV vaccinates in tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Consistent with the immune response both mCS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-KAg vaccinates cleared the challenge H1N1-OH7 virus load in upper and lower respiratory tract more efficiently when compared to commercial vaccine. The virus clearance was associated with reduced gross lung lesions. Overall, mCS NP-KAg vaccine intranasal immunization in MDA-positive pigs induced a robust cross-reactive immunity and offered protection against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anikethana Ramesh
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliette Hanson
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wooster, OH, United States
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16
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Patil V, Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Han Y, Ramesh A, Schrock J, Dhakal S, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. Intranasal Delivery of Inactivated Influenza Virus and Poly(I:C) Adsorbed Corn-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicited Robust Antigen-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Maternal Antibody Positive Nursery Pigs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596964. [PMID: 33391267 PMCID: PMC7772411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed the killed swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N2 antigen (KAg) with polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid [(Poly(I:C)] adsorbed corn-derived Nano-11 particle based nanovaccine called Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C), and evaluated its immune correlates in maternally derived antibody (MDA)-positive pigs against a heterologous H1N1 SwIAV infection. Immunologically, in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) detected enhanced H1N2-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates, and in commercial vaccinates detected CTLs with mainly IL-17A+ and early effector phenotypes specific to both H1N2 and H1N1 SwAIV. In commercial vaccinates, activated H1N2- and H1N1-specific IFNγ+&TNFα+, IL-17A+ and central memory T-helper/Memory cells, and in Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates H1N2-specific central memory, IFNγ+ and IFNγ+&TNFα+, and H1N1-specific IL-17A+ T-helper/Memory cells were observed. Systemically, Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccine augmented H1N2-specific IFNγ+ CTLs and H1N1-specific IFNγ+ T-helper/Memory cells, and commercial vaccine boosted H1N2- specific early effector CTLs and H1N1-specific IFNγ+&TNFα+ CTLs, as well as H1N2- and H1N1-specific T-helper/Memory cells with central memory, IFNγ+&TNFα+, and IL-17A+ phenotypes. Remarkably, commercial vaccine induced an increase in H1N1-specific T-helper cells in TBLN and naive T-helper cells in both TBLN and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while H1N1- and H1N2-specific only T-helper cells were augmented in Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates in both TBLN and PBMCs. Furthermore, the Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccine stimulated robust cross-reactive IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) responses in lungs, while the commercial vaccine elicited high levels of serum and lung IgG and serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. In conclusion, despite vast genetic difference (77% in HA gene identity) between the vaccine H1N2 and H1N1 challenge viruses in Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates, compared to over 95% identity between H1N1 of commercial vaccine and challenge viruses, the virus load and macroscopic lesions in the lungs of both types of vaccinates were comparable, but the Nano-11-KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccine cleared the virus from the nasal passage better. These data suggested the important role played by Nano-11 and Poly(I:C) in the induction of polyfunctional, cross-protective cell-mediated immunity against SwIAV in MDA-positive pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anikethana Ramesh
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan Nanoparticle Based Mucosal Vaccines Delivered Against Infectious Diseases of Poultry and Pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558349. [PMID: 33282847 PMCID: PMC7691491 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease of poultry and pig are major threat to health and cause severe economic loss to the food industry and a global food safety issue. Poultry and pig act as a mixing vessel of zoonotic transmission of disease to humans. Effective mucosal vaccines used in animals could reduce the impact of diseases in food animals. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, and its positive charge makes it a natural mucoadhesive agent. Therefore, since last one-decade chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been in use widely to deliver vaccine antigens in animals through mucosal route. Primary route of entry of most infectious disease pathogen is through oral and nasal routes, and the CS NPs based vaccines delivered through that routes enhance the immunogenicity of encapsulated vaccine antigens by targeting the cargo to mucosal microfold cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Resulting in induction of robust secretory and systemic antibodies and/or cell mediated immune response which provides protection against infections. To date, CS NPs is being widely used for mucosal vaccine delivery in poultry and pigs to control bacterial and viral infections, and tested in several preclinical trials for vaccine delivery in humans. In this review, we highlighted the progress so far made in using CS NPs as a vehicle for mucosal vaccine delivery against infectious and zoonotic diseases of poultry and pigs. Discussed about the need of CS NPs modifications, CS NPs based vaccines induced immune responses and its role in protection, and challenges in vaccination and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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18
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Han Y, Renu S, Schrock J, Acevedo-Villanuev KY, Lester B, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Temporal dynamics of innate and adaptive immune responses in broiler birds to oral delivered chitosan nanoparticle-based Salmonella subunit antigens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110111. [PMID: 32846353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) infection of poultry causes a significant risk to public health through contamination of meat and eggs. Current Salmonella vaccines have failed to provide strong mucosal immunity in the intestines to reduce Salmonella shedding and food contamination. Considering the short lifespan of broilers, an easy-to-deliver, safe and effective Salmonella vaccine is urgently needed. Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the ability of chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine delivery platform in activating immune response to Salmonella antigens in broilers inoculated orally. In an initial study, soluble whole antigen of SE entrapped in CNP was inoculated but the specific immune responses were poor. Therefore, the CNP entrapped immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA) of SE and surface conjugated with FLA [CNP-(OMP + FLA)] was developed. In broilers inoculated orally with CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation once or twice, we monitored the temporal expression of innate immune molecules and antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation. In the cecal tonsils of CNP-(OMP + FLA) inoculated birds, we observed enhanced expression of mRNA coding Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- 1, 4, 5, and 7, especially at dpv 21. In addition, both OMP and FLA specific lymphocytes proliferation at dpv 7 and 21 by CNP-(OMP + FLA) were enhanced in the spleen. In conclusion, CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation augmented both innate and lymphocyte responses in orally inoculated broilers. Further studies are needed to determine the candidate subunit CNP vaccine's efficacy in a challenge trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - S Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - J Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | | | - B Lester
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - R K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - G J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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19
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Han Y, Renu S, Patil V, Schrock J, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Selvaraj R, Renukaradhya GJ. Immune Response to Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Broilers Immunized Orally With Chitosan-Based Salmonella Subunit Nanoparticle Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:935. [PMID: 32508828 PMCID: PMC7248282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) infection in broilers causes a huge economic loss and public health risk. We previously demonstrated that orally delivered chitosan based (CS) Salmonella subunit nanoparticle (NP) vaccine containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA) of SE [CS-NP(OMP+FLA)] induces immune response in broilers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose- and age-dependent response and efficacy of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine in broilers. Three-day old birds were vaccinated and boosted once or twice. Additional groups were vaccinated at three weeks with no booster or boosted once a week later. Each dose of CS-NP vaccine had either 10 or 50 μg of OMP+FLA antigens. Our data revealed that two doses of vaccine were required to induce substantial immune response. Birds received 2 doses of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine at 3 days and 3 weeks of age with 10 μg antigens, and birds inoculated twice at 3 and 4 weeks of age with 50 μg antigens had lowest challenged bacterial load in the cecal contents with over 0.5 log10 reduction. In CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccinated birds, antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation, mucosal and systemic antibody response and the frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells were increased compared to control groups. At the molecular level, in the cecal tonsils of CS-NP(OMP+FLA) immunized birds, mRNA levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR 4, and cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. The CS-NP(OMP+FLA) vaccine given orally has the potential to induce a protective immune response against SE infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Renu S, Han Y, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Ghimire S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Senapati S, Narasimhan B, Selvaraj R, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan-adjuvanted Salmonella subunit nanoparticle vaccine for poultry delivered through drinking water and feed. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116434. [PMID: 32532387 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor induction of mucosal immunity in the intestines by current Salmonella vaccines is a challenge to the poultry industry. We prepared and tested an oral deliverable Salmonella subunit vaccine containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin (F) protein loaded and F-protein surface coated chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) (OMPs-F-CS NPs). The OMPs-F-CS NPs had mean particle size distribution of 514 nm, high positive charge and spherical in shape. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the F-protein surface coated CS NPs were specifically targeted to chicken immune cells. The OMPs-F-CS NPs treatment of chicken immune cells upregulated TLRs, and Th1 and Th2 cytokines mRNA expression. Oral delivery of OMPs-F-CS NPs in birds enhanced the specific systemic IgY and mucosal IgA antibodies responses as well as reduced the challenge Salmonella load in the intestines. Thus, user friendly oral deliverable chitosan-based Salmonella vaccine for poultry is a viable alternative to current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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21
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Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Lu F, Ghimire S, Han Y, Schrock J, Dhakal S, Patil V, Krakowka S, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. A Nanoparticle-Poly(I:C) Combination Adjuvant Enhances the Breadth of the Immune Response to Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020229. [PMID: 32443416 PMCID: PMC7349929 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination elicits secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies in the airways, which is required for cross-protection against influenza. To enhance the breadth of immunity induced by a killed swine influenza virus antigen (KAg) or conserved T cell and B cell peptides, we adsorbed the antigens together with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) electrostatically onto cationic alpha-D-glucan nanoparticles (Nano-11) resulting in Nano-11-KAg-poly(I:C) and Nano-11-peptides-poly(I:C) vaccines. In vitro, increased TNF-α and IL-1ß cytokine mRNA expression was observed in Nano-11-KAg-poly(I:C)-treated porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Nano-11-KAg-poly(I:C), but not Nano-11-peptides-poly(I:C), delivered intranasally in pigs induced high levels of cross-reactive virus-specific SIgA antibodies secretion in the nasal passage and lungs compared to a multivalent commercial influenza virus vaccine administered intramuscularly. The commercial and Nano-11-KAg-poly(I:C) vaccinations increased the frequency of IFNγ secreting T cells. The poly(I:C) adjuvanted Nano-11-based vaccines increased various cytokine mRNA expressions in lymph nodes compared to the commercial vaccine. In addition, Nano-11-KAg-poly(I:C) vaccine elicited high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Microscopic lung lesions and challenge virus load were partially reduced in poly(I:C) adjuvanted Nano-11 and commercial influenza vaccinates. In conclusion, compared to our earlier study with Nano-11-KAg vaccine, addition of poly(I:C) to the formulation improved cross-protective antibody and cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fangjia Lu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (F.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.R.); (N.F.-R.); (S.G.); (Y.H.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-263-3748; Fax: +1-330-263-3677
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Gourapura RJ, Feliciano-Ruiza N, Renu S, Lu F, Han Y, Schrock J, Dhakal S, Patil V, HogenEsch H. Corn based nanoparticle delivered inactivated influenza virus vaccine intranasally augments mucosal immune response in pigs. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.166.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Swine influenza A virus (SwIV) causes respiratory tract infection in pigs. Available SwIV vaccines fail to provide cross-protective immunity in pigs. Nano-11 is an amphiphilic nanoparticle (70–80nm) obtained from sweet corn-derived phytoglycogen. Nano-11 carries high surface positive charge and thus facilitates easy preparation of nanoparticle based vaccine by electrostatic interaction with killed SwIAV antigen (KAg) or peptides (negative charge). Earlier we showed that Nano-11 bound killed SwIV H1N2 Ag (Nano-11+KAg) delivered intranasally in pigs induced mucosal antibody response, but the challenge heterologous H1N1 SwIV load was not substantially reduced in the airways. In this study, KAg or conserved ten IAV peptides co-adsorbed with adjuvant Poly(I:C) (negative charge) on Nano-11 [Nano-11+KAg/peptides+Poly(I:C)] was vaccinated to influenza-free pigs intranasally, twice, and challenged with a heterologous SwIV. We observed increased SIgA and IgG responses in the airways and enhanced proliferation of IFN-g+ gd T cells in PBMCs in Nano-11+KAg+Poly(I:C) vaccinates compared to control. In Nano-11+peptides+Poly(I:C) vaccinates noticed an increased proliferation of IFN-g+ gd T cells and IFN-g+ cytotoxic T cells in PBMCs compared to control. Commercial vaccine group induced higher IgG response in serum and proliferation of IFN-g+ T-helper/memory cells in PBMCs compared to control. However, reduction in challenge virus load in any of the vaccinated groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, inclusion of Poly(I:C) in Nano-11 flu vaccine improved the T cell response, but further improvements in the vaccine formulation is required to take advantage of this easy to prepare particle based mucosal flu vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Han
- 1The Ohio State University
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23
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Akerele G, Ramadan N, Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK. In vitro characterization and immunogenicity of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with native and inactivated extracellular proteins from a field strain of Clostridium perfringens associated with necrotic enteritis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 224:110059. [PMID: 32408182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no licensed vaccines against Clostridium perfringens which causes necrotic enteritis in poultry. Chitosan nanoparticles were formulated with native (CN) or toxoids (CT) of extracellular proteins (ECP) of C. perfringens, both surface-tagged with Salmonella flagellar proteins. In a pH stability assay, CN and CT nanoparticles released 6% and 0% of their protein at 8.0 pH. In a protein release assay, CN and CT nanoparticles released 16% and 10% of their protein respectively at 7.4 pH after 24 h. CN and CT nanoparticles incubated at 100 μg/mL PBS with Chicken RBCs released 1% and 0% hemoglobin respectively. Ninety broilers were randomly assigned to treatments; sham-vaccinated (Control), CN-vaccinated (CN), and CT-vaccinated (CT). Each bird was orally gavaged with 50 μg vaccine in 0.5 mL PBS or 0.5 mL PBS only on d 0, 3, 7 and 14 of age. At 21 d of age, the CN group had higher anti-ECP IgA than control (P < 0.05). At 21 d of age, the CN and CT group had higher anti-ECP IgA than control (P < 0.05). At 17 d of age, the CN group had higher anti-flagellar IgG than control (P < 0.05). At 10 d of age, the CN group had higher anti-flagellar IgA than control (P < 0.05). Splenic T cells from chickens in the CN and CT group ex-vivo stimulated with 0.05 mg/mL ECP, had higher proliferation control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 respectively). Splenic T cells from chickens in the CN and CT groups ex-vivo stimulated with 0.1 mg/mL ECP had proliferation than control (P < 0.05). Pooled serum from 17 d of age CN and CT-vaccinated birds partially neutralized toxins in 50 μg of ECP (P < 0.05). Pooled serum from 28 d of age CN-vaccinated birds also partially neutralized toxins in 50 μg of ECP. The result from this study indicates the potential for chitosan loaded with Clostridium perfringens extracellular proteins to be applied to necrotic enteritis challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Akerele
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Nour Ramadan
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, 44691, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, 44691, OH, United States
| | | | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Acevedo-Villanueva KY, Lester B, Renu S, Han Y, Shanmugasundaram R, Gourapura R, Selvaraj R. Efficacy of chitosan-based nanoparticle vaccine administered to broiler birds challenged with Salmonella. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231998. [PMID: 32330169 PMCID: PMC7182187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the immune response of broilers vaccinated with Salmonella chitosan-nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine and challenged with Salmonella. The Salmonella CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella enterica outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin proteins. In Experiment I, birds were orally gavaged with PBS or 500, 1000, or 2000μg of CNP vaccine 1 and 7d-of-age. At 14d-of-age, birds were orally challenged with 1 X 105 CFU/bird of live S. Enteritidis (SE). Macrophage-nitrite production 11d-post-challenge was higher (P<0.05) in the 500μg group when compared to the control. At d14 (8h-post-challenge), broilers vaccinated with 1000μg CNP had higher (P<0.05) serum anti-OMPs IgG and IgA and cloacal anti-OMP IgA amounts. At 11d-post-challenge, birds vaccinated with 1000μg CNP vaccine had greater (P<0.05) bile anti-OMP and anti-flagellin IgA amounts. At 11d-post-challenge, birds administered 1000μg CNP vaccine has increased (P<0.05) IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA in cecal tonsils. In Experiment II, birds were orally gavaged with PBS or 1000μg CNP or a live commercial vaccine at 1 and 7d-of-age. At 14d-of-age, birds were orally challenged with 1 X 105 CFU/bird of live SE or S. Heidelberg (SH). Birds vaccinated with CNP showed higher (P<0.05) serum anti-OMPs IgG amounts at 8h-post-challenge. At 4d-post-SH challenge, birds vaccinated with CNP had higher (P<0.05) bile anti-flagellin IgA amounts. CNP decreased (P<0.05) anti-OMPs IgG levels in serum at 2d-post-SE challenge and 4d-post-SH or SE challenge. Salmonella Enteritidis loads in cecal content at 2d-post-challenge was decreased (P<0.05) by 65.9% in birds vaccinated with CNP, when compared to the control. Chitosan-nanovaccine had no adverse effects on bird’s production performance. In conclusion, 1000μg CNP vaccine can induce a specific immune response against Salmonella and has the potential to mitigate SE cecal colonization in broiler birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Lester
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department Of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College Of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Renukaradhya Gourapura
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Renu S, Shivashangari KS, Ravikumar V. Incorporated plant extract fabricated silver/poly-D,l-lactide-co-glycolide nanocomposites for antimicrobial based wound healing. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 228:117673. [PMID: 31735599 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites have gained extensive attention in modern nanotechnology by reason of its design, flexibility, sole applications and lower life cycle costs. Preparation of composites using spreading of inorganic metal nanoparticles in organic polymeric matrices has plenty of scope and applications in the biomedical field. Poly-D,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is an appreciated polymer for composites preparation because of its non-toxic and promising biodistribution. The consideration of metal nanoparticles has extended rapidly with the presence of new nanocomposites into a range of products and technologies. Compared to bulk materials the synthesized metal nanoparticles have unique character and biomedical uses due to its shape, size, and huge surface to volume ratio. Among different inorganic metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have dominated in the biomedical field owing to its diverse potential applications including imaging, sensor, diagnosis and disease treatment. Further, medicinal plant extract mediated Ag NPs shown superior advantages and its antimicrobial based wound healing prospective has been established. However, not much information on plant extract mediated Ag NPs integrated PLGA nanocomposites wound healing applications. In the present review, we discussed necessity, preparation, characterization and antimicrobial based wound healing mechanism of incorporated plant extract mediated silver/PLGA nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, United States.
| | | | - Vilwanathan Ravikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hiremath J, Renu S, Tabynov K, Renukaradhya GJ. Pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in pigs is regulated by DAP12 and macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104078. [PMID: 32164997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM. Thus, DAP12 signaling promoted the anti-inflammatory pathway in AMM of influenza virus infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan and Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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27
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Renu S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Ghimire S, Han Y, Schrock J, Dhakal S, Patil V, Krakowka S, Renukaradhya GJ. Poly(I:C) augments inactivated influenza virus-chitosan nanovaccine induced cell mediated immune response in pigs vaccinated intranasally. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108611. [PMID: 32122615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To improve the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by a killed/inactivated swine influenza virus antigen (KAg)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs-KAg), we used the adjuvant, poly(I:C). The formulated CS NPs-KAg and CS NPs-poly(I:C) had a net surface charge of +30.7 mV and +25.1 mV, respectively. The CS NPs-KAg was coadministered with CS NPs-poly(I:C) (chitosan nanovaccine) as intranasal mist. Vaccinations enhanced homologous (H1N2-OH10) and heterologous (H1N1-OH7) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers in both vaccinated and virus-challenged animals compared to the control soluble poly(I:C) vaccinated pigs. In addition, the chitosan nanovaccine induced the proliferation of antigen-specific IFNγ secreting T-helper/memory and γδ T cells compared to control poly(I:C) group; and an increased Th1 (IFNγ, IL-6 and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10 and IL-13) cytokines mRNA expression in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes compared to lymphoid tissues obtained from pigs given commercial influenza vaccine. The virus load in nasal passages and microscopic lung lesions were partially reduced by both chitosan nanovaccine and commercial vaccine. The HA gene homology between the vaccine and challenge viruses indicated that the chitosan nanovaccine induced a cross-protective immune response. In conclusion, coadministration of CS NPs-poly(I:C) with CS NPs-KAg augmented the cross-reactive specific HI titers and the cell-mediated immune responses in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer Schrock
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven Krakowka
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Oral Deliverable Mucoadhesive Chitosan- Salmonella Subunit Nanovaccine for Layer Chickens. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:761-777. [PMID: 32099364 PMCID: PMC7006855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. A major concern is the public health hazard caused by consumption of Salmonella-contaminated poultry products. Currently used Salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating poultry Salmonellosis warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Salmonella subunit chitosan nanoparticles (NPs)-based vaccine was prepared that contained immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and -flagellin (F) protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). OMPs-F-CS NPs were administered as an oral vaccine in layer chickens and the resultant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and localization of NPs were examined using standard detection methods. RESULTS We demonstrated targeting of surface F-protein coated chitosan NPs to immune cells when delivered orally to layer chickens, the particles were localized in ileal Peyer's patches. The OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccinated layer chickens had significantly higher OMPs-specific mucosal IgA production and lymphocyte proliferation response. The candidate vaccine increased the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, IFN-γ, TGF-ß and IL-4 mRNA expression in chicken cecal tonsils. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the chitosan-based oral Salmonella nanovaccine targets immune cells of chickens and induced antigen-specific B and T cell responses. This candidate oral Salmonella nanovaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
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Dhakal S, Wang L, Antony L, Rank J, Bernardo P, Ghimire S, Bondra K, Siems C, Lakshmanappa YS, Renu S, Hogshead B, Krakowka S, Kauffman M, Scaria J, LeJeune JT, Yu Z, Renukaradhya GJ. Amish (Rural) vs. non-Amish (Urban) Infant Fecal Microbiotas Are Highly Diverse and Their Transplantation Lead to Differences in Mucosal Immune Maturation in a Humanized Germfree Piglet Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1509. [PMID: 31379808 PMCID: PMC6648804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the immune system development, maintenance of normal health status, and in disease progression. In this study, we comparatively examined the fecal microbiomes of Amish (rural) and non-Amish (urban) infants and investigated how they could affect the mucosal immune maturation in germ-free piglets that were inoculated with the two types of infant fecal microbiota (IFM). Differences in microbiome diversity and structure were noted between the two types of fecal microbiotas. The fecal microbiota of the non-Amish (urban) infants had a greater relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla, while that of the Amish (rural) counterparts was dominated by Firmicutes. Amish infants had greater species richness compared with the non-Amish infants' microbiota. The fecal microbiotas of the Amish and the non-Amish infants were successfully transplanted into germ-free piglets, and the diversity and structure of the microbiota in the transplanted piglets remained similar at phylum level but not at the genus level. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on Weighted-UniFrac distance revealed distinct microbiota structure in the intestines of the transplanted piglets. Shotgun metagenomic analysis also revealed clear differences in functional diversity of fecal microbiome between Amish and non-Amish donors as well as microbiota transplanted piglets. Specific functional features were enriched in either of the microbiota transplanted piglet groups directly corresponding to the predominance of certain bacterial populations in their gut environment. Some of the colonized bacterial genera were correlated with the frequency of important lymphoid and myeloid immune cells in the ileal submucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), both important for mucosal immune maturation. Overall, this study demonstrated that transplantation of diverse IFM into germ-free piglets largely recapitulates the differences in gut microbiota structure between rural (Amish) and urban (non-Amish) infants. Thus, fecal microbiota transplantation to germ-free piglets could be a useful large animal model system for elucidating the impact of gut microbiota on the mucosal immune system development. Future studies can focus on determining the additional advantages of the pig model over the rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Linto Antony
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Jennifer Rank
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pauline Bernardo
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathy Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christina Siems
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bradley Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mike Kauffman
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Jeffrey T LeJeune
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Dhakal S, Lu F, Ghimire S, Renu S, Lakshmanappa YS, Hogshead BT, Ragland D, HogenEsch H, Renukaradhya GJ. Corn-derived alpha-D-glucan nanoparticles as adjuvant for intramuscular and intranasal immunization in pigs. Nanomedicine 2019; 16:226-235. [PMID: 30611772 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant potential of positively charged corn-derived nanoparticles (Nano-11) was earlier revealed in mice. We evaluated its adjuvant role to electrostatically adsorbed inactivated/killed swine influenza virus antigen (KAg) (Nano-11 + KAg) in pigs. Nano-11 facilitated the uptake of KAg by antigen presenting cells and induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In pigs vaccinated by an intranasal mist containing Nano-11 + KAg, expression of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 transcription factors and secretion of cross-reactive influenza antigen-specific mucosal IgA in the nasal cavity were observed. The enhanced frequencies of IFN-γ positive T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells in Nano-11 + KAg-vaccinates after heterologous virus challenge were also observed. Clinically, slightly reduced influenza signs and pneumonic lesions, with mild reduction in virus load in the respiratory tract of vaccinates were observed. In pigs immunized with Nano-11 adsorbed ovalbumin administered by intramuscular (IM) route, enhanced IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were detected in serum. Thus, Nano-11 vaccine delivery system confers adjuvant effect in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Fangjia Lu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Bradley T Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Darryl Ragland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Gourapura SR, Shanmugasundaram R, Senapati S, Narasimhan B, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Surface engineered polyanhydride-based oral Salmonella subunit nanovaccine for poultry. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8195-8215. [PMID: 30555234 PMCID: PMC6280892 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salmonellosis is a severe economic threat in poultry and a public health concern. Currently available vaccines are ineffective, and thus, developing effective oral Salmonella vaccine is warranted. Especially, a potent oral vaccine such as the mucoadhesive polyanhydride nanoparticle (PNP) protects the vaccine cargo and delivers to intestinal immune sites to elicit robust mucosal immunity and mitigate Salmonella colonization and shedding. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a Salmonella subunit vaccine using PNP containing immunogenic Salmonella outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellar (F) protein-entrapped and surface F-protein-coated PNPs (OMPs-F-PNPs) using a solvent displacement method. Using high-throughput techniques, we characterized the OMPs-F-PNPs physicochemical properties and analyzed its efficacy in layer birds vaccinated orally. RESULTS The candidate vaccine was resistant in acidic microenvironment and had ideal physicochemical properties for oral delivery in terms of particle size, charge, morphology, biocompatibility, and pH stability. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies showed that F-protein surface-anchored nanoparticles were better targeted to chicken immune cells in peripheral blood and splenocytes and intestinal Peyer's patch sites. In layer chickens inoculated orally with OMPs-F-PNPs, substantially higher OMPs-specific IgG response and secretion of Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in the serum, enhanced CD8+/CD4+ cell ratio in spleen, and increased OMPs-specific lymphocyte proliferation were observed. OMPs-F-PNPs vaccination also upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4, TGF-β, and IL-4 cytokines' genes in chicken cecal tonsils (lymphoid tissues). Importantly, OMPs-F-PNPs vaccine cleared Salmonella cecal colonization in 33% of vaccinated birds. CONCLUSION This pilot in vivo study demonstrated the targeted delivery of OMPs-F-PNPs to ileum mucosal immune sites of chickens and induced specific immune response to mitigate Salmonella colonization in intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Ashley D Markazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Suren R Gourapura
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA,
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
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Dhakal S, Cheng X, Salcido J, Renu S, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Misch C, Ghimire S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Hogshead B, Krakowka S, Carson K, McDonough J, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Liposomal nanoparticle-based conserved peptide influenza vaccine and monosodium urate crystal adjuvant elicit protective immune response in pigs. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6699-6715. [PMID: 30425484 PMCID: PMC6205527 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s178809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza (flu) is a constant threat to humans and animals, and vaccination is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the disease. Due to incomplete protection induced by current flu vaccines, development of novel flu vaccine candidates is warranted to achieve greater efficacy against constantly evolving flu viruses. Methods In the present study, we used liposome nanoparticle (<200 nm diameter)-based subunit flu vaccine containing ten encapsulated highly conserved B and T cell epitope peptides to induce protective immune response against a zoonotic swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N1 challenge infection in a pig model. Furthermore, we used monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as an adjuvant and co-administered the vaccine formulation as an intranasal mist to flu-free nursery pigs, twice at 3-week intervals. Results Liposome peptides flu vaccine delivered with MSU adjuvant improved the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer and mucosal IgA response against the SwIAV challenge and also against two other highly genetically variant IAVs. Liposomal vaccines also enhanced the frequency of peptides and virus-specific T-helper/memory cells and IFN-γ response. The improved specific cellular and mucosal humoral immune responses in adjuvanted liposomal peptides flu vaccine partially protected pigs from flu-induced fever and pneumonic lesions, and reduced the nasal virus shedding and viral load in the lungs. Conclusion Overall, our study shows great promise for using liposome and MSU adjuvant- based subunit flu vaccine through the intranasal route, and provides scope for future, pre-clinical investigations in a pig model for developing potent human intranasal subunit flu vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - John Salcido
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Kathy Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Yashavantha Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Christina Misch
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Bradley Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Carson
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Joseph McDonough
- Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA,
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
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Dhakal S, Renu S, Ghimire S, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Hogshead BT, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Lu F, HogenEsch H, Krakowka S, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Mucosal Immunity and Protective Efficacy of Intranasal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Is Improved by Chitosan Nanoparticle Delivery in Pigs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:934. [PMID: 29770135 PMCID: PMC5940749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Annually, swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) causes severe economic loss to swine industry. Currently used inactivated SwIAV vaccines administered by intramuscular injection provide homologous protection, but limited heterologous protection against constantly evolving field viruses, attributable to the induction of inadequate levels of mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract. A novel vaccine delivery platform using mucoadhesive chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) administered through intranasal (IN) route has the potential to elicit strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in pigs. In this study, we evaluated the immune responses and cross-protective efficacy of IN chitosan encapsulated inactivated SwIAV vaccine in pigs. Killed SwIAV H1N2 (δ-lineage) antigens (KAg) were encapsulated in chitosan polymer-based nanoparticles (CNPs-KAg). The candidate vaccine was administered twice IN as mist to nursery pigs. Vaccinates and controls were then challenged with a zoonotic and virulent heterologous SwIAV H1N1 (γ-lineage). Pigs vaccinated with CNPs-KAg exhibited an enhanced IgG serum antibody and mucosal secretory IgA antibody responses in nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and lung lysates that were reactive against homologous (H1N2), heterologous (H1N1), and heterosubtypic (H3N2) influenza A virus strains. Prior to challenge, an increased frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and recall IFN-γ secretion by restimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in CNPs-KAg compared to control KAg vaccinates were observed. In CNPs-KAg vaccinated pigs challenged with heterologous virus reduced severity of macroscopic and microscopic influenza-associated pulmonary lesions were observed. Importantly, the infectious SwIAV titers in nasal swabs [days post-challenge (DPC) 4] and BAL fluid (DPC 6) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in CNPs-KAg vaccinates but not in KAg vaccinates when compared to the unvaccinated challenge controls. As well, an increased frequency of T helper memory cells and increased levels of recall IFNγ secretion by tracheobronchial lymph nodes cells were observed. In summary, chitosan SwIAV nanovaccine delivered by IN route elicited strong cross-reactive mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract that resulted in a reduced nasal viral shedding and lung virus titers in pigs. Thus, chitosan-based influenza nanovaccine may be an ideal candidate vaccine for use in pigs, and pig is a useful animal model for preclinical testing of particulate IN human influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Bradley T Hogshead
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Fangjia Lu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Steven Krakowka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Dhakal S, Renu S, Ghimire S, Lakshmanappa YS, Hogshead BT, Ruiz NF, Krakowka S, Lee CW, Gourapura RJ. Mucosal immunity and protective efficacy of inactivated influenza virus vaccine is improved by intranasal chitosan nanoparticle delivery in pigs. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.125.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Currently used inactivated influenza virus vaccines administered by intramuscular injection provide homologous protection, but the much required heterologous protection against constantly evolving field viruses is limited, attributed to lack of induction of mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract. We developed a novel vaccine delivery platform by encapsulating swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) killed/inactivated antigen (KAg) in mucoadhesive, biodegradable, polycationic chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs-KAg). The CNPs-KAg vaccine (<500nm in size) was administered through intranasal route as mist to nursery pigs twice and challenged with a zoonotic and virulent heterologous SwIAV. Pigs vaccinated with CNPs-KAg had enhanced mucosal IgA response throughout the respiratory tract against homologous (H1N2), heterologous (H1N1) and heterosubtypic (H3N2) SwIAV. In addition, the frequency of cytotoxic T cells and T helper/memory cells were increased in CNPs-KAg vaccinated pigs, together with increased level of systemic and mucosal recall IFNγ response. In heterologous virus challenged pigs, CNPs-KAg vaccine reduced the pneumonic lesions and virus titers in lungs and significantly reduced the nasal viral shedding. In conclusion, intranasal delivery of chitosan nanovaccine elicited better cross-protective mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract and reduced viral load and shedding, indicating that chitosan based influenza nanovaccine might be an ideal candidate vaccine against SwIAV infections under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Sankar Renu
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Bradley T. Hogshead
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly F. Ruiz
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Steven Krakowka
- 2Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Renukaradhya J. Gourapura
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
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Renu S, Markazi AD, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK, Renukaradhya GJ. Engineering of Targeted Mucoadhesive Chitosan Based Salmonella Nanovaccine for Oral Delivery in Poultry. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.118.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Salmonellosis in poultry is a serious economic burden. The major concern is the public health hazard by consumption of salmonella contaminated poultry meat and egg. Currently used salmonella vaccines are ineffective in combating the Salmonellosis of chicken thus warranting the need of a potent vaccine, especially an oral vaccine that can elicit robust local intestinal immunity. Biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymers are FDA approved vehicles for vaccine delivery. We prepared a candidate subunit chitosan nanoparticle vaccine containing the immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellar (F) protein of salmonella, and surface decorated with F-protein (OMPs-F-CS NPs). Physicochemical and biocompatibility properties of OMPs-F-CS NPs were studied in detail including its stability in stomach pH conditions. Salmonella targets the microfold (M) cells in the ileum Peyer’s patches (PPs) of chicken. We designed the oral OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccine to target ileal PPs to induce specific local intestinal immunity, and demonstrated that by ex vivo and in vivo studies. Layer chickens vaccinated orally with OMPs-F-CS NPs had significantly higher OMPs- specific intestinal mucosal antibody and OMPs-specific lymphocytes proliferation responses. Further, OMPs-F-CS NPs vaccination upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) -2, TLR-4, IFN-g, IL-4 and GATA-3 mRNA levels in cecal tonsils of birds. In conclusion, we engineered chitosan based oral salmonella nanovaccine targeting intestinal PPs immune cells of birds, and demonstrated its ability to induce antigen specific mucosal antibody and T cell responses. Thus, our candidate oral salmonella vaccine has the potential to mitigate Salmonellosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | - Santosh Dhakal
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | | | | | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
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Renu S, Dhakal S, Kim E, Goodman J, Lakshmanappa YS, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B, Boyaka PN, Renukaradhya GJ. Intranasal delivery of influenza antigen by nanoparticles, but not NKT-cell adjuvant differentially induces the expression of B-cell activation factors in mice and swine. Cell Immunol 2018; 329:27-30. [PMID: 29665972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination of pigs with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and polyanhydride nanoparticles delivered inactivated influenza virus provides cross-reactive T-cell response, but not antibody response, resulting in incomplete protection and no reduction in nasal virus shedding. Expression of BAFF and Th2 transcription factor GATA-3 were downregulated in lungs of pigs vaccinated with influenza nanovaccine, but in mice it upregulated the expression of BAFF and cytokine TGFβ in cervical lymph nodes. However, the intranasal iNKT cell adjuvant, α-Galctosylceramide upregulates the expression of BAFF in pig lungs. In conclusion, expression of BAFF is differentially regulated by intranasal nanovaccine and α-Galctosylceramide in pig respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Jayasudha AV, Nair RA, Jacob PM, Renu S, Anila KR, Sindhu Nair P, Priya Kumari T, Kusuma Kumary P. Clinical and hematological profile of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: a 2 year study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 31:169-73. [PMID: 25825554 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with a characteristic morphologic and immunophenotypic profile. It has to be distinguished from other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia as well as acute myeloid leukemia with t (1; 22) (p13;q13) and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down Syndrome because of its poor prognosis. We studied ten cases diagnosed over a period of 2 years (from July 2011 to June 2013). All the ten cases were in the pediatric age group ranging from 4 months to 2 years. On morphology, pointers to the diagnosis were clustering of blasts, presence of cytoplasmic blebs and platelet budding. An additional interesting morphological feature observed in our study was nuclear blebs which were seen in nine cases. Diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by positive immunostaining for CD61. Two of the cases had an extremely rare clinical presentation as granulocytic sarcoma. Although rare, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia should be kept in mind especially in leukemia in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Jayasudha
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Rekha A Nair
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Priya Mary Jacob
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Renu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - K R Anila
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P Sindhu Nair
- Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - T Priya Kumari
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - P Kusuma Kumary
- Department of Pediatrics, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Jaisankar P, Rajan V, Renu S, Geetha N. An elderly lady with a scalp swelling. Neth J Med 2014; 72:374-378. [PMID: 25178773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Jaisankar
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India
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Singh U, Sahu A, Sahu N, Singh R, Renu S, Singh D, Manna M, Sarma B, Singh H, Singh K. Arthrobotrys oligospora
-mediated biological control of diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.) caused by Meloidogyne incognita
and Rhizoctonia solani. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:196-208. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U.B. Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - A. Sahu
- Division of Soil Biology; Indian Institute of Soil Science; Bhopal India
| | - N. Sahu
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - R.K. Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - S. Renu
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM); Maunath Bhanjan India
| | - D.P. Singh
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM); Maunath Bhanjan India
| | - M.C. Manna
- Division of Soil Biology; Indian Institute of Soil Science; Bhopal India
| | - B.K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - H.B. Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - K.P. Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology; Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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Sivaprasad V, Renu S, Nataraju B, Datta RK. Protein A linked latex antisera test for detection of infectious flacherie of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. caused by B. mori infectious flacherie virus. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:1203-7. [PMID: 9567751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein A linked latex antisera (PALLAS) test was used for detection of B. mori infectious flacherie virus (BmIFV) in silkworms. The test was found superior to direct latex agglutination (DLA) test for detection of BmIFV in infected larval and faecal matter extracts and purified preparations. Latex beads sensitized with anti-BmIFV IgG were able to detect up to 75 ng/ml BmIFV in PALLAS test and 300 ng/ml in DLA test. BmIFV was detected in diluted extracts of infected larvae (up to 1:200) and their faecal matter (up to 1:500). BmIFV progressive infection was detected at 12 and 24 hr of post infection in PALLAS and DLA tests, respectively in both larval and faecal matter extracts. PALLAS tests provides a simple, specific and highly sensitive test for detection of infectious flacherie virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sivaprasad
- Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India
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