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Winter J, Jepsen S. Role of innate host defense proteins in oral cancerogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38265172 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is nowadays well accepted that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Under this aspect, the oral cavity is predestined to examine this connection because periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common oral malignant lesions. In this review, we describe how particular molecules of the human innate host defense system may participate as molecular links between these two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Specific focus is directed toward antimicrobial polypeptides, such as the cathelicidin LL-37 and human defensins, as well as S100 proteins and alarmins. We report in which way these peptides and proteins are able to initiate and support oral tumorigenesis, showing direct mechanisms by binding to growth-stimulating cell surface receptors and/or indirect effects, for example, inducing tumor-promoting genes. Finally, bacterial challenges with impact on oral cancerogenesis are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Alpiste-Illueca FM, Micó-Martinez P, García-Giménez JL, García-López E, López-Roldán A. MicroRNAs in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: An Observational Case-Control Study of Differential Expression in Periodontitis. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:73. [PMID: 37987369 PMCID: PMC10660715 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES microRNAs (miRNAs) present in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis may serve as biomarkers of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to perform a miRNA-sequencing study of all miRNAs present in GCF, comparing miRNA expression level profiles between advanced chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy subjects (HS). MATERIALS AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from the single-rooted teeth of patients with severe CP (n = 11) and of HS (n = 12). miRNAs were isolated from GCF using an miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit(Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of miRNA candidates involved in periodontal pathogenesis. RESULTS Of all the sequenced miRNAs, miR-199, miR-146a, miR-30a, and miR-338 were identified as best representing the CP patient samples. The validation study identified miR-199 as the most powerful biomarker used to define periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Upon sequencing all known miRNAs in GCF for the first time, we uncovered several potential biomarkers to define periodontitis. Identifying miRNAS in the GCF using high-throughput approaches will clarify the role of these molecules in periodontitis and provide biomarkers with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Almiñana-Pastor
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.A.-P.); (F.M.A.-I.); (P.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco M. Alpiste-Illueca
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.A.-P.); (F.M.A.-I.); (P.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Pablo Micó-Martinez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.A.-P.); (F.M.A.-I.); (P.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
| | - Jose Luis García-Giménez
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, CIBERER-ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eva García-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Andrés López-Roldán
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.J.A.-P.); (F.M.A.-I.); (P.M.-M.); (A.L.-R.)
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Fu J, Zong X, Jin M, Min J, Wang F, Wang Y. Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37574471 PMCID: PMC10423725 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of cationic host defense peptides, defensins are mainly synthesized by Paneth cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, contributing to host defense. Their biological functions in innate immunity, as well as their structure and activity relationships, along with their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, have been of great interest in recent years. To highlight the key research into the role of defensins in human and animal health, we first describe their research history, structural features, evolution, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Next, we cover the role of defensins in immune homeostasis, chemotaxis, mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal development and regulation of cell death. Further, we discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential in various diseases, including infectious disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity, chronic inflammatory lung disease, periodontitis and cancer. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the nutrient-dependent regulation of defensins, including fatty acids, amino acids, microelements, plant extracts, and probiotics, while considering the clinical application of such regulation. Together, the review summarizes the various biological functions, mechanism of actions and potential clinical significance of defensins, along with the challenges in developing defensins-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Laberge S, Akoum D, Wlodarczyk P, Massé JD, Fournier D, Semlali A. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 37372382 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. In the literature, the association between the pathogenicity of bacteria and environmental factors in this regard have been extensively examined. In the present study, we will shed light on the potential role that epigenetic change can play on different facets of its process, more particularly the modifications concerning the genes involved in inflammation, defense, and immune systems. Since the 1960s, the role of genetic variants in the onset and severity of periodontal disease has been widely demonstrated. These make some people more susceptible to developing it than others. It has been documented that the wide variation in its frequency for various racial and ethnic populations is due primarily to the complex interplay among genetic factors with those affecting the environment and the demography. In molecular biology, epigenetic modifications are defined as any change in the promoter for the CpG islands, in the structure of the histone protein, as well as post-translational regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), being known to contribute to the alteration in gene expression for complex multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis. The key role of epigenetic modification is to understand the mechanism involved in the gene-environment interaction, and the development of periodontitis is now the subject of more and more studies that attempt to identify which factors are stimulating it, but also affect the reduced response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laberge
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Akoum
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Piotr Wlodarczyk
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Massé
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Gibaly DE, Labib DA, Fayed HL, Eldash A. Serum human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) and -20G/A DEFB1 gene polymorphism in Behçet’s disease patients: Relation to clinical characteristics. The Egyptian Rheumatologist 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chhichholiya Y, Suryan AK, Suman P, Munshi A, Singh S. SNPs in miRNAs and Target Sequences: Role in Cancer and Diabetes. Front Genet 2021; 12:793523. [PMID: 34925466 PMCID: PMC8673831 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.793523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are fascinating molecular players for gene regulation as individual miRNA can control multiple targets and a single target can be regulated by multiple miRNAs. Loss of miRNA regulated gene expression is often reported to be implicated in various human diseases like diabetes and cancer. Recently, geneticists across the world started reporting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in seed sequences of miRNAs. Similarly, SNPs are also reported in various target sequences of these miRNAs. Both the scenarios lead to dysregulated gene expression which may result in the progression of diseases. In the present paper, we explore SNPs in various miRNAs and their target sequences reported in various human cancers as well as diabetes. Similarly, we also present evidence of these mutations in various other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Aman Kumar Suryan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Prabhat Suman
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Ślebioda Z, Woźniak T, Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Woźniewicz M, Kowalska A. Beta-defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in the pathologies of the oral cavity-Data from meta-analysis: Association only with rs1047031 not with rs1800972, rs1799946, and rs11362. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:22-31. [PMID: 33231892 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this meta-analysis was to reveal a potential association of the four functional polymorphisms in human Beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene: rs1047031(c*5G > A) at 3'UTR and rs11362 (-20 G > A), rs1800972(-44 C > G), and rs1799946 (-52 G > A) at 5'UTR with the risk of common oral cavity pathologies that included periodontitis, caries, lichen planus, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS The relevant studies were obtained by the two researchers from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 29, 2020. The manual search of the reference lists was also performed. Studies on DEFB1 gene polymorphisms and oral cavity disorders, using the case-control genetic association analysis approach, and published as full texts in English were included. To assess the association strength, odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. RESULTS Thirteen publications met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Statistically significant values of the association tests were found only for the rs1047031 polymorphism. Allele distribution in the rs1047031 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to oral cavity pathologies (adjusted P value = 0.003). The rare variant allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for oral disasters under recessive (CC vs CT + TT), and CC vs CT models. No significant correlations between rs11362, rs1800972, and rs1799946 and the risk of oral pathologies were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Significant association between rs1047031 polymorphism and risk of oral pathologies has been found, and therefore, we suggest to include this polymorphism in future research concerning the genetic background of the oral cavity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Ślebioda
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups have implicated a prominent role for oxygen metabolism and hypoxia in innate immunity of healthy tissue (physiologic hypoxia) and during active inflammation (inflammatory hypoxia). This inflammatory hypoxia emanates from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), high rates of oxidative metabolism, and the activation of multiple oxygen-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These localized shifts toward hypoxia have identified a prominent role for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the regulation of innate immunity. Such studies have provided new and enlightening insight into our basic understanding of immune mechanisms, and extensions of these findings have identified potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of innate immunity and mucosal hypoxia with a focus on transcriptional responses mediated by HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review. Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years. Results. The development of periodontal dysbiosis occurs over a period of time, which slowly turns the symbiotic association of the host and microbe into a pathogenic one. This review examines the current paradigm of periodontitis progression, which calls into question the traditional concept of a disease induced by several particular periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Slazhneva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
| | - E. A. Tikhomirova
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
| | - V. G. Atrushkevich
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
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Kurt-Bayrakdar S, Ozturk A, Kara N. DEFB4A Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:113-119. [PMID: 32058800 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human β-defensin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibiotic properties secreted by the oral cavity to protect the host against microbial attack. The inter-individual differences in defensin expression profiles due to genetic variation might be partly responsible for differences in disease susceptibility. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine whether variation in the human β-defensin-2 gene (DEFB4A) is associated with chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: This case-control study used Sanger sequencing to analyze two promoter polymorphisms of the DEFB4A gene with potential functional consequences using DNA samples collected from 200 unrelated individuals. Results: The DEFB4A rs1339258595 promoter polymorphism is associated with CP risk and clinical attachment level (CAL) but the rs3762040 polymorphism is not. Carriers of the T allele (rs1339258595) were approximately three times less likely to develop periodontitis compared with noncarriers (p = 0.0004, odds ratio = 0.35). Consistent with a protective role, the carriers of T allele had a lower CAL compared with the wild-type (G) allele. Moreover, the wild-type diplotype (GGGG) had a significantly higher risk of tooth loss compared with other diplotypes (p = 0.016). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that genetic variation in the promoter region of DEFB4A likely affects resistance to periodontal infection and might be a potential marker for CP risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Kurt-Bayrakdar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayla Ozturk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nurten Kara
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Ugurel E, Erdag E, Kucukali CI, Olcay A, Sanli E, Akbayir E, Kurtuncu M, Gunduz T, Yilmaz V, Tuzun E, Vural B. Enhanced NLRP3 and DEFA1B Expression During the Active Stage of Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's Disease. In Vivo 2019; 33:1493-1497. [PMID: 31471397 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Neurological symptoms (neuro-Behçet's disease; NBD) occur in a fraction of Behçet's disease (BD) patients and often present with parenchymal brain lesions and clinical exacerbations. Our aim was to identify genes associated with attack and remission periods of NBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray analysis was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained during attack and remission periods of five NBD patients. Expression levels of the most significantly up-regulated genes were measured with real-time PCR using PBMC samples of 15 NBD patients and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS During NBD attacks, the most remarkably up-regulated genes were defensin alpha 1B (DEFA1B) and NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Real time PCR studies showed significantly increased DEFA1B and NLRP3 expression levels during attacks. CONCLUSION Immunological factors showing the most significant increase in expression during NBD attacks were primarily associated with innate immunity functions. DEFA1B and NLRP3 can be used as biomarkers for estimation of disease activity in NBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ugurel
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Erdag
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Ismail Kucukali
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Olcay
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sanli
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Akbayir
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kurtuncu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Gunduz
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vuslat Yilmaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcak Vural
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chen C, Fan X, Yu S, Liu P, Pan Y, Lin L, Li C. Association between Periodontitis and Gene polymorphisms of hBD-1 and CD14: a meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kallel A, Ben Salem T, Hammami MB, Said F, Jemaa R, Houman MH, Feki M. Association of systemic beta-defensin-1 and -20G/A DEFB1 gene polymorphism with Behçet's disease. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 65:58-62. [PMID: 30819604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Beta-defensins are antimicrobial peptides involved in epithelial host defense. To explore whether beta-defensins might be involved in BD pathogenesis, we examined plasma human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) and DEFB1 -20G/A polymorphism in BD patients. METHODS This case-control study included 106 BD patients fulfilling the criteria of the International Study Group for BD and 156 controls. The -20G/A genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis in all participants, and plasma hBD-1 was assessed by ELISA in 77 BD patients and 44 controls, only. Stepwise multiple regression models were applied to determine independent predictors for plasma hBD-1 in BD patients. RESULTS Distribution of -20G/A genotypes was different between BD patients and controls. Compared to GG genotype, "GA" genotype [OR (95% CI), 3.12 (1.56-6.16); p = .001] and "AA" genotype [2.57 (1.10-5.96); p = .027)] were associated with increased risk for BD. Plasma hBD-1 concentrations were significantly higher in BD patients than controls (9.81 ± 3.52 ng/mL vs. 5.30 ± 3.02 ng/mL; p < .001), and in BD patients with neurological involvement than those without (11.1 ± 4.12 ng/mL vs. 9.19 ± 3.10 ng/mL; p = .040). No variation was noted according to other clinical features, treatment received or -20G/A genotypes. In multivariate analysis, neurological involvement was the only predictor for plasma hBD-1 (β, 0.274; p = .029). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that hBD-1 and its encoding gene DEFB1 could modulate the risk for BD, especially for BD neurological involvement. Further work is needed for a better understanding of role of hBD-1 and its genetic variants in the pathogenesis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Kallel
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Ben Salem
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bassem Hammami
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Said
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Jemaa
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Houman
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Internal Medicine, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Jebbari 1007, Tunis, Tunisia..
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Ma JJ, Liu HM, Xu XH, Guo LX, Lin Q. Study on gene expression patterns and functional pathways of peripheral blood monocytes reveals potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1383-1392. [PMID: 31363466 PMCID: PMC6656668 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i12.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of periodontal supporting tissue caused by local factors. Periodontal surgery can change the gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, little is known about the potential mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis.
AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis.
METHODS First, based on the expression profiles of genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis, a set of expression disorder modules related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained by enrichment analysis. Subsequently, based on crosstalk analysis, we proved that there was a significant crosstalk relationship between module 3 and module 5. Finally, based on predictive analysis of multidimensional regulators, we identified a series of regulatory factors, such as endogenous genes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and transcription factors, which have potential regulatory effects on periodontitis.
RESULTS A total of 337 genes related to surgical treatment for periodontitis were obtained, and 3896 genes related to periodontitis were amplified. Eight expression modules of periodontitis were obtained, involving the aggregation of 2672 gene modules. These modules are mainly involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. In addition, eight endogenous genes (including EGF, RPS27A, and GNB3) were screened by network connectivity analysis. Finally, based on this set of potential dysfunction modules, 94 transcription factors (including NFKB1, SP1, and STAT3) and 1198 ncRNAs (including MALAT1, CRNDE, and ANCR) were revealed. These core regulators are thought to be involved in the potential molecular mechanism of periodontitis after surgical treatment.
CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, we can show biologists and pharmacists a new idea to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of surgical treatment for periodontitis, and provide valuable reference for follow-up treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ji Ma
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital Gaoxin Branch, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Guo
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Shao J, Zhang M, Wu L, Jia XW, Jin YH, Zeng XT. DEFB1 rs11362 Polymorphism and Risk of Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis of Unadjusted and Adjusted Data. Front Genet 2019; 10:179. [PMID: 30915104 PMCID: PMC6422869 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a growing problem that affects the worldwide population, having significant impacts on people's daily lives and economic development. Genetics is an important component in the determination of individual susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the association between beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) rs11362 polymorphism and risk of CP, but the results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to ascertain whether this variation in DEFB1 is associated with CP susceptibility. Methods: The relevant studies were searched in PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to January 9, 2018. Two independent authors selected citations and extracted the data from eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Results: Seven case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Based on unadjusted data, there was no obvious association between DEFB1 rs11362 polymorphism and CP risk in all genetic models (A vs. G: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.61–1.20; AA vs. GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.50–1.39; AG vs. GG: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.73–1.39; AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 00.74–1.11; and AA vs. AG+GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 00.57–1.21); the results of adjusted data also showed no significant relationship. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, participants' smoking status, HWE in controls and severity of CP all revealed similar results to that of the overall analysis. Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were robust and no evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that DEFB1 rs11362 polymorphism may not have an important effect on the risk of CP. Further large-scale and well-designed studies are necessary to validate our conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nursing, HOPE School of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, The Second Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Masumoto R, Kitagaki J, Fujihara C, Matsumoto M, Miyauchi S, Asano Y, Imai A, Kobayashi K, Nakaya A, Yamashita M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Identification of genetic risk factors of aggressive periodontitis using genomewide association studies in association with those of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:199-206. [PMID: 30303256 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify the genetic risk factors for aggressive periodontitis (AgP), it is important to understand the progression and pathogenesis of AgP. The purpose of this review was to summarize the genetic risk factors for AgP identified through a case-control genomewide association study (GWAS) and replication study. The initial studies to identify novel AgP risk factors were potentially biased because they relied on previous studies. To overcome this kind of issue, an unbiased GWAS strategy was introduced to identify genetic risk factors for various diseases. Currently, three genes glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1), defensin α1 and α3 (DEFA1A3), and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 (SIGLEC5) that reach the threshold for genomewide significance have been identified as genetic risk factors for AgP through a case-control GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Masumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jirouta Kitagaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiharu Fujihara
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyauchi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai
- Department of Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Solutions Division, NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Medical Solutions Division, NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Mehdi WA, Mehde AA, Raus RA, Yusof F, Abidin ZAZ, Ghazali H, Rahman AA, Özacar M. Genetic polymorphisms of human transcription factor-7 like 2 (TCF7L2), β-defensin (DEFB1) and CD14 genes in nephrolithiasis patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:610-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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de Coo A, Quintela I, Blanco J, Diz P, Carracedo Á. Assessment of genotyping tools applied in genetic susceptibility studies of periodontal disease: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Fine DH, Patil AG, Loos BG. Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89 Suppl 1:S103-S119. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.16-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Amey G. Patil
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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20
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Fine DH, Patil AG, Loos BG. Classification and diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S95-S111. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Amey G. Patil
- Department of Oral Biology; Rutgers School of Dental Medicine; Rutgers University - Newark; NJ USA
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Soraia Aguiar de Melo Dias R, Carlos Mourão Pinho R, Almeida FRD, Alfredo Farias Bandeira F, Celerino da Silva R, Crovella S, de Carvalho Farias Vajgel B, Cimões R. Evaluation ofDEFB1polymorphisms in individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of northeastern Brazil. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:227-233. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Alfredo Farias Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology; Agamenon Magalhães Hospital; Recife, PE Brazil
- Medical Sciences Faculty; University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Bruna de Carvalho Farias Vajgel
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Prosthesis and Buco-facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Renata Cimões
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Prosthesis and Buco-facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
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22
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Strauss JF, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Haymond-Thornburg H, Modi BP, Teves ME, Pearson LN, York TP, Schenkein HA. Spontaneous preterm birth: advances toward the discovery of genetic predisposition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:294-314.e2. [PMID: 29248470 PMCID: PMC5834399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from family and twin-based studies provide strong support for a significant contribution of maternal and fetal genetics to the timing of parturition and spontaneous preterm birth. However, there has been only modest success in the discovery of genes predisposing to preterm birth, despite increasing sophistication of genetic and genomic technology. In contrast, DNA variants associated with other traits/diseases have been identified. For example, there is overwhelming evidence that suggests that the nature and intensity of an inflammatory response in adults and children are under genetic control. Because inflammation is often invoked as an etiologic factor in spontaneous preterm birth, the question of whether spontaneous preterm birth has a genetic predisposition in the case of pathologic inflammation has been of long-standing interest to investigators. Here, we review various genetic approaches used for the discovery of preterm birth genetic variants in the context of inflammation-associated spontaneous preterm birth. Candidate gene studies have sought genetic variants that regulate inflammation in the mother and fetus; however, the promising findings have often not been replicated. Genome-wide association studies, an approach to the identification of chromosomal loci responsible for complex traits, have also not yielded compelling evidence for DNA variants predisposing to preterm birth. A recent genome-wide association study that included a large number of White women (>40,000) revealed that maternal loci contribute to preterm birth. Although none of these loci harbored genes directly related to innate immunity, the results were replicated. Another approach to identify DNA variants predisposing to preterm birth is whole exome sequencing, which examines the DNA sequence of protein-coding regions of the genome. A recent whole exome sequencing study identified rare mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the negative regulation (dampening) of the innate immune response (eg, CARD6, CARD8, NLRP10, NLRP12, NOD2, TLR10) and antimicrobial peptide/proteins (eg, DEFB1, MBL2). These findings support the concept that preterm labor, at least in part, has an inflammatory etiology, which can be induced by pathogens (ie, intraamniotic infection) or "danger signals" (alarmins) released during cellular stress or necrosis (ie, sterile intraamniotic inflammation). These findings support the notion that preterm birth has a polygenic basis that involves rare mutations or damaging variants in multiple genes involved in innate immunity and host defense mechanisms against microbes and their noxious products. An overlap among the whole exome sequencing-identified genes and other inflammatory conditions associated with preterm birth, such as periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease, was observed, which suggests a shared genetic substrate for these conditions. We propose that whole exome sequencing, as well as whole genome sequencing, is the most promising approach for the identification of functionally significant genetic variants responsible for spontaneous preterm birth, at least in the context of pathologic inflammation. The identification of genes that contribute to preterm birth by whole exome sequencing, or whole genome sequencing, promises to yield valuable population-specific biomarkers to identify the risk for spontaneous preterm birth and potential strategies to mitigate such a risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA.
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Hannah Haymond-Thornburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Bhavi P Modi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Laurel N Pearson
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Timothy P York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
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23
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Modi BP, Teves ME, Pearson LN, Parikh HI, Haymond‐Thornburg H, Tucker JL, Chaemsaithong P, Gomez‐Lopez N, York TP, Romero R, Strauss JF. Mutations in fetal genes involved in innate immunity and host defense against microbes increase risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:720-729. [PMID: 29178652 PMCID: PMC5702565 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin studies have revealed a significant contribution of the fetal genome to risk of preterm birth. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is the leading identifiable cause of preterm delivery. Infection and inflammation of the fetal membranes is commonly found associated with PPROM. METHODS We carried out whole exome sequencing (WES) of genomic DNA from neonates born of African-American mothers whose pregnancies were complicated by PPROM (76) or were normal term pregnancies (N = 43) to identify mutations in 35 candidate genes involved in innate immunity and host defenses against microbes. Targeted genotyping of mutations in the candidates discovered by WES was conducted on an additional 188 PPROM cases and 175 controls. RESULTS We identified rare heterozygous nonsense and frameshift mutations in several of the candidate genes, including CARD6, CARD8, DEFB1, FUT2, MBL2, NLP10, NLRP12, and NOD2. We discovered that some mutations (CARD6, DEFB1, FUT2, MBL2, NLRP10, NOD2) were present only in PPROM cases. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that rare damaging mutations in innate immunity and host defense genes, the majority being heterozygous, are more frequent in neonates born of pregnancies complicated by PPROM. These findings suggest that the risk of preterm birth in African-Americans may be conferred by mutations in multiple genes encoding proteins involved in dampening the innate immune response or protecting the host against microbial infection and microbial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavi P. Modi
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Maria E. Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Laurel N. Pearson
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
| | - Hardik I. Parikh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | | | - John L. Tucker
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research BranchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human DevelopmentNIHDetroitMichigan
| | - Nardhy Gomez‐Lopez
- Perinatology Research BranchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human DevelopmentNIHDetroitMichigan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Timothy P. York
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research BranchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human DevelopmentNIHDetroitMichigan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan
| | - Jerome F. Strauss
- Department of Human and Molecular GeneticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
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24
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Makeudom A, Supanchart C, Montreekachon P, Khongkhunthian S, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit J, Krisanaprakornkit S. The antimicrobial peptide, human β-defensin-1, potentiates in vitro osteoclastogenesis via activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Peptides 2017; 95:33-39. [PMID: 28709835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression and raised levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1 in gingival tissue and crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, oral bone-resorbing diseases caused by enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hBD-1 on osteoclast formation and function and to elucidate the involved signaling pathway in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first incubated with various doses of hBD-1 and cell viability was assayed by MTT. PBMCs were treated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of non-toxic doses of hBD-1. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and a resorption pit assay. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was studied by immunoblotting and specific MAPK inhibitors. HBD-1 potentiated induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL, as shown by significantly increased number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and resorption areas on the dentin slices, and further up-regulated expressions of osteoclast-specific genes compared to those by RANKL treatment (p <0.05). However, hBD-1 treatment without RANKL failed to induce formation of osteoclast-like cells. A significant and further increase in transient phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs was demonstrated by hBD-1 co-treatment (p<0.05), consistent with the inhibitory effect by pretreatment with U0126 or PD98059 on hBD-1-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattanin Montreekachon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakornrat Khongkhunthian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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25
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Jepsen K, Jepsen S. Antibiotics/antimicrobials: systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 71:82-112. [PMID: 27045432 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an update of the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of the adjunctive use of systemic and local antibiotics/antimicrobials in the treatment of periodontitis. In particular, it addresses whether their use can improve the results of nonsurgical mechanical therapy in mild-to-moderate forms of the disease. Large numbers of randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews with meta-analyses have clearly established that adjunctive systemic antibiotics, combined with mechanical debridement, offer clinical improvements additional to those obtained with scaling and root planing alone. These effects are more pronounced in aggressive periodontitis and in initially deep pockets, whereas more limited additional improvements, of 0.3 mm for additional pocket reduction and 0.2 mm for additional clinical attachment gain, have been documented for moderately deep sites (4-6 mm) in patients with chronic periodontitis. The marginal clinical benefit in patients with moderate disease has to be balanced against possible side effects. Notably, it has to be realized that an increasing number of warnings have been articulated against the unrestricted use of antibiotics in treating periodontal diseases because of the emerging global public health issue of bacterial resistance. The effects of the adjunctive local administration of antimicrobials have also been very well documented in several systematic reviews. Overall, in persistent or recurrent localized deep sites, the application of antimicrobials by sustained-delivery devices may offer a benefit of an additional 0.4 mm in pocket depth reduction and 0.3 mm in clinical attachment level gain. In conclusion, the slight additional benefits of adjunctive antimicrobials, which were shown for moderate forms of periodontitis, have to be balanced against their side effects and therefore their prescription should be limited as much as possible.
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Zupin L, Robino A, Navarra CO, Pirastu N, Di Lenarda R, Gasparini P, Crovella S, Bevilacqua L. LTFandDEFB1polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility toward chronic periodontitis development. Oral Dis 2017; 23:1001-1008. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Zupin
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - A Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - CO Navarra
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - N Pirastu
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - R Di Lenarda
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
| | - P Gasparini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”; Trieste Italy
| | - L Bevilacqua
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Health Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste Italy
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Abstract
Saliva plays a major role in determining the composition and activity of the oral microbiota, via a variety of mechanisms. Molecules, mainly from saliva, form a conditioning film on oral surfaces, thus providing receptors for bacterial attachment. The attached cells use saliva components, such as glycoproteins, as their main source of nutrients for growth. Oral bacteria work sequentially and in a concerted manner to catabolize these structurally complex molecules. Saliva also buffers the pH in the biofilm to around neutrality, creating an environment which is conducive to the growth of many oral bacteria that provide important benefits to the host. Components of the adaptive and innate host defences are delivered by saliva, and these often function synergistically, and at sublethal concentrations, so a complex relationship develops between the host and the resident microbiota. Dysbiosis can occur rapidly if the flow of saliva is perturbed.
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Raschig J, Mailänder-Sánchez D, Berscheid A, Berger J, Strömstedt AA, Courth LF, Malek NP, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Wehkamp J. Ubiquitously expressed Human Beta Defensin 1 (hBD1) forms bacteria-entrapping nets in a redox dependent mode of action. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006261. [PMID: 28323883 PMCID: PMC5376342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of endogenous host defense antimicrobial peptides it has been discussed how these evolutionary conserved molecules avoid to induce resistance and to remain effective. Human ß-defensin 1 (hBD1) is an ubiquitously expressed endogenous antimicrobial peptide that exhibits qualitatively distinct activities between its oxidized and reduced forms. Here, we explore these antimicrobial mechanisms. Surprisingly, using electron microscopy we detected a so far unknown net-like structure surrounding bacteria, which were treated with the reduced but not the oxidized form of hBD1. A transmigration assay demonstrated that hBD1-derived nets capture bacteria and inhibit bacterial transmigration independent of bacterial killing. The presence of nets could completely prevent migration of hBD1 resistant pathogens and are stable in the presence of human duodenal secretion with a high amount of proteases. In contrast to HD6, cysteins are necessary for net formation. This redox-dependent function serves as an additional mechanism of action for hBD1 and differs from net formation by other defensins such as Paneth cell-derived human α-defensin 6 (HD6). While hBD1red and hBD1ox have distinct antimicrobial profiles and functions, only the reduced form provides additional host protection by entrapping bacteria in extracellular net structures preventing bacterial invasion. Better understanding of the modes of action of endogenous host peptides will help to find new antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Raschig
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Berscheid
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Berger
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Electron Microscopy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adam A. Strömstedt
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lioba F. Courth
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P. Malek
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mehlotra RK, Hall NB, Willie B, Stein CM, Weinberg A, Zimmerman PA, Vernon LT. Associations of Toll-Like Receptor and β-Defensin Polymorphisms with Measures of Periodontal Disease (PD) in HIV+ North American Adults: An Exploratory Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164075. [PMID: 27727278 PMCID: PMC5058471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor (TLR) and β-defensin (DEFB) genes have been recognized as potential genetic factors that can influence susceptibility to and severity of periodontal diseases (PD). However, data regarding associations between these polymorphisms and PD are still scarce in North American populations, and are not available in HIV+ North American populations. In this exploratory study, we analyzed samples from HIV+ adults (n = 115), who received primary HIV care at 3 local outpatient HIV clinics and were monitored for PD status. We genotyped a total of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8 TLR genes and copy number variation (CNV) in DEFB4/103A. We performed regression analyses for levels of 3 periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques (Porphyromonas gingivalis [Pg], Treponema denticola [Td], and Tannerella forsythia [Tf]) and 3 clinical measures of PD (periodontal probing depth [PPD], gingival recession [REC], and bleeding on probing [BOP]). In all subjects combined, 2 SNPs in TLR1 were significantly associated with Td, and one SNP in TLR2 was significantly associated with BOP. One of the 2 SNPs in TLR1 was significantly associated with Td in Caucasians. In addition, another SNP in TLR1 and a SNP in TLR6 were also significantly associated with Td and Pg, respectively, in Caucasians. All 3 periodontopathogen levels were significantly associated with PPD and BOP, but none was associated with REC. Instrumental variable analysis showed that 8 SNPs in 6 TLR genes were significantly associated with the 3 periodontopathogen levels. However, associations between the 3 periodontopathogen levels and PPD or BOP were not driven by associations with these identified SNPs. No association was found between DEFB4/103A CNV and any periodontopathogen level or clinical measure in all samples, Caucasians, or African Americans. Our exploratory study suggests a role of TLR polymorphisms, particularly TLR1 and TLR6 polymorphisms, in PD in HIV+ North Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Mehlotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKM); (LTV)
| | - Noemi B. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Barne Willie
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Zimmerman
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lance T. Vernon
- Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKM); (LTV)
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Kitagaki J, Miyauchi S, Asano Y, Imai A, Kawai S, Michikami I, Yamashita M, Yamada S, Kitamura M, Murakami S. A Putative Association of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in GPR126 with Aggressive Periodontitis in a Japanese Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160765. [PMID: 27509131 PMCID: PMC4979892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease causing loss of tooth-supporting periodontal tissue. Disease susceptibility to the rapidly progressive form of periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis (AgP), appears to be influenced by genetic risk factors. To identify these in a Japanese population, we performed whole exome sequencing of 41 unrelated generalized or localized AgP patients. We found that AgP is putatively associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs536714306 in the G-protein coupled receptor 126 gene, GPR126 [c.3086 G>A (p.Arg1029Gln)]. Since GPR126 activates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, we performed cAMP ELISA analysis of cAMP concentrations, and found that rs536714306 impaired the signal transactivation of GPR126. Moreover, transfection of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells with wild-type or mutant GPR126 containing rs536714306 showed that wild-type GPR126 significantly increased the mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and Runx2 genes, while mutant GPR126 had no effect on the expression of these calcification-related genes. The increase in expression of these genes was through the GPR126-induced increase of bone morphogenic protein-2, inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) 2, and ID4 expression. These data indicate that GPR126 might be important in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal ligament tissues through regulating the cytodifferentiation of HPDL cells. The GPR126 SNP rs536714306 negatively influences this homeostasis, leading to the development of AgP, suggesting that it is a candidate genetic risk factor for AgP in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirouta Kitagaki
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shizuka Miyauchi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawai
- Challenge to Intractable Oral Diseases, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikumi Michikami
- Challenge to Intractable Oral Diseases, Center for Frontier Oral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hong KW, Shin MS, Ahn YB, Lee HJ, Kim HD. Genomewide association study on chronic periodontitis in Korean population: results from the Yangpyeong health cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Hong
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute; Suwonsi Gyeonggi-do Korea
- Division of Biomedical Informatics; Center for Genome Science; National Institute of Health; KCDC; Cheongju-si Chungbuk Korea
| | - Myung-Seop Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Yoo-Been Ahn
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Daehak-ro Seoul Korea
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Dommisch H, Jepsen S. Diverse functions of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in periodontal tissues. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:96-110. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
This review addresses the multicausal etiology of periodontitis, in which genetic factors play a role. The various proposed causes for periodontitis always work simultaneously, but the relative contribution of each of these varies from case to case. We are still at an early stage to identify the genes involved, in comparison with other chronic diseases. To date, the genetic variations firmly and repeatedly associated with periodontitis in some populations are found within the following genes: ANRIL, COX2, IL1, IL10, DEFB1, whereas many other proposed periodontitis candidate genes have not been firmly proven or replicated.
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de Jong TMH, Jochens A, Jockel-Schneider Y, Harks I, Dommisch H, Graetz C, Flachsbart F, Staufenbiel I, Eberhard J, Folwaczny M, Noack B, Meyle J, Eickholz P, Gieger C, Grallert H, Lieb W, Franke A, Nebel A, Schreiber S, Doerfer C, Jepsen S, Bruckmann C, van der Velden U, Loos BG, Schaefer AS. SLC23A1 polymorphism rs6596473 in the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 is associated with aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 41:531-40. [PMID: 24708273 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Identification of variants within genes SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 coding for vitamin C transporter proteins associated with aggressive (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Employment of three independent case-control samples of AgP (I. 283 cases, 979 controls; II. 417 cases, 1912 controls; III. 164 cases, 357 controls) and one sample of CP (1359 cases, 1296 controls). RESULTS Stage 1: Among the tested single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the rare allele (RA) of rs6596473 in SLC23A1 showed nominal significant association with AgP (p = 0.026, odds ratio [OR] 1.26, and a highly similar minor allele frequency between different control panels. Stage 2: rs6596473 showed no significant association with AgP in the replication with the German and Dutch case-control samples. After pooling the German AgP populations (674 cases, 2891 controls) to significantly increase the statistical power (SP = 0.81), rs6596473 RA showed significant association with AgP prior to and upon adjustment with the covariates smoking and gender with padj = 0.005, OR = 1.35. Stage 3: RA of rs6596473 showed no significant association with severe CP. CONCLUSION SNP rs6596473 of SLC23A1 is suggested to be associated with AgP. These results add to previous reports that vitamin C plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs M H de Jong
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Campbell EL, Colgan SP. Neutrophils and inflammatory metabolism in antimicrobial functions of the mucosa. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:517-22. [PMID: 25714801 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1114-556r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we will discuss recent findings that implicate neutrophil infiltration and function in establishing a metabolic environment to facilitate efficient pathogen clearance. For decades, neutrophils have been regarded as short lived, nonspecific granulocytes, equipped with toxic antimicrobial factors and a respiratory burst generating ROS. Recent findings demonstrate the importance of HIF signaling in leukocytes and surrounding tissues during inflammation. Here, we will review the potential mechanisms and outcomes of HIF stabilization within the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Campbell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Zimmermann H, Hagenfeld D, Diercke K, El-Sayed N, Fricke J, Greiser KH, Kühnisch J, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Pischon N, Pischon T, Samietz S, Schmitter M, Steinbrecher A, Kim TS, Becher H. Pocket depth and bleeding on probing and their associations with dental, lifestyle, socioeconomic and blood variables: a cross-sectional, multicenter feasibility study of the German National Cohort. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25604448 PMCID: PMC4324664 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the periodontal disease status in a multi-center cross-sectional study in Germany. Associations of dental, socio-economic, blood and biomedical variables with periodontal outcome parameters were evaluated. Methods From 4 different centers N = 311 persons were included, drawn randomly from the registration offices. Maximal pocket depth (PD) was used as primary indicator for periodontitis. It was classified as: no/mild ≤3 mm, moderate 4-5 mm, severe ≥6 mm. Associations between socioeconomic (household income, education), lifestyle, and biomedical factors and PD or bleeding on probing (BOP) per site (“Yes”/”No”) was analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results Mean age of subjects was 46.4 (range 20–77) years. A significantly higher risk of deeper pockets for smokers (OR = 2.4, current vs. never smoker) or persons with higher BMI (OR = 1.6, BMI increase by 5) was found. Severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with caries lesions (p = 0.01), bridges (p < .0001), crowns (p < .0001), leukocytes (p = 0.04), HbA1c (p < .0001) and MCV (p = 0.04). PD was positively correlated with BOP. No significant associations with BOP were found in regression analysis. Conclusions Earlier findings for BMI and smoking with severity of PD were confirmed. Dental variables might be influenced by potential confounding factors e.g. dental hygiene. For blood parameters interactions with unknown systemic diseases may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zimmermann
- Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, lm Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Eltzschig HK, Bratton DL, Colgan SP. Targeting hypoxia signalling for the treatment of ischaemic and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 13:852-69. [PMID: 25359381 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized during adverse inflammatory processes associated with disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, pathogen infection and acute lung injury, as well as during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. HIF stabilization and hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression have a profound impact on the inflamed tissue microenvironment and on disease outcomes. Although the mechanism that initiates HIF stabilization may vary, the final molecular steps that control HIF stabilization converge on a set of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) that mark HIFs for proteasomal degradation. PHDs are therefore promising therapeutic targets. In this Review, we discuss the emerging potential and associated challenges of targeting the PHD-HIF pathway for the treatment of inflammatory and ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Vaithilingam RD, Safii SH, Baharuddin NA, Ng CC, Cheong SC, Bartold PM, Schaefer AS, Loos BG. Moving into a new era of periodontal genetic studies: relevance of large case-control samples using severe phenotypes for genome-wide association studies. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:683-95. [PMID: 24528298 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies to elucidate the role of genetics as a risk factor for periodontal disease have gone through various phases. In the majority of cases, the initial 'hypothesis-dependent' candidate-gene polymorphism studies did not report valid genetic risk loci. Following a large-scale replication study, these initially positive results are believed to be caused by type 1 errors. However, susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2BAS (Cyclin Dependend KiNase 2B AntiSense RNA; alias ANRIL [ANtisense Rna In the Ink locus]), glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), have been reported as conclusive risk loci of periodontitis. The search for genetic risk factors accelerated with the advent of 'hypothesis-free' genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, despite many different GWAS being performed for almost all human diseases, only three GWAS on periodontitis have been published - one reported genome-wide association of GLT6D1 with aggressive periodontitis (a severe phenotype of periodontitis), whereas the remaining two, which were performed on patients with chronic periodontitis, were not able to find significant associations. This review discusses the problems faced and the lessons learned from the search for genetic risk variants of periodontitis. Current and future strategies for identifying genetic variance in periodontitis, and the importance of planning a well-designed genetic study with large and sufficiently powered case-control samples of severe phenotypes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Vaithilingam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kelly CJ, Glover LE, Campbell EL, Kominsky DJ, Ehrentraut SF, Bowers BE, Bayless AJ, Saeedi BJ, Colgan SP. Fundamental role for HIF-1α in constitutive expression of human β defensin-1. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1110-8. [PMID: 23462909 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are secreted by the intestinal epithelium to defend from microbial threats. The role of human β defensin-1 (hBD-1) is notable because its gene (beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1)) is constitutively expressed and its antimicrobial activity is potentiated in the low-oxygen environment that characterizes the intestinal mucosa. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is stabilized even in healthy intestinal mucosa, and we identified that epithelial HIF-1α maintains expression of murine defensins. Extension to a human model revealed that basal HIF-1α is critical for the constitutive expression of hBD-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified HIF-1α binding to a hypoxia response element in the DEFB1 promoter whose importance was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. We used 94 human intestinal samples to identify a strong expression correlation between DEFB1 and the canonical HIF-1α target GLUT1. These findings indicate that basal HIF-1α is critical for constitutive expression of enteric DEFB1 and support targeting epithelial HIF for restoration and maintenance of intestinal integrity.
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Jaradat S, Hoder-Przyrembel C, Cubillos S, Krieg N, Lehmann K, Piehler S, Sigusch B, Norgauer J. Beta-defensin-2 Genomic Copy Number Variation and Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2013; 92:1035-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034513504217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (ChP) is a multifactorial disease influenced by microbial and host genetic variability; however, the role of beta-defensin-2 genomic ( DEFB4) copy number (CN) variation (V) in ChP remains unknown. The association of the occurrence and severity of ChP and DEFB4 CNV was analyzed. Our study included 227 unrelated Caucasians, that is, 136 ChP patients (combined ChP) and 91 control individuals. The combined ChP group was subdivided into the severe ChP and slight-to-moderate ChP subgroups. To determine DEFB4 CNV, we isolated genomic DNA samples and analyzed them by relative quantitation using the comparative CT method. The serum beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) level was determined via ELISA. The distribution pattern and mean DEFB4 CN did not differ significantly in combined ChP cases vs. the controls; however, the mean DEFB4 CN in the severe ChP group differed significantly from those for the control and slight-to-moderate ChP groups. Low DEFB4 CN increased the risk of severe ChP by about 3-fold. DEFB4 CN was inversely associated with average attachment loss. Mean serum hBD-2 levels were highest in the controls, followed by the slight-to-moderate ChP group and the severe ChP group. The results suggested an association between decreased DEFB4 CN and serum hBD-2 levels and periodontitis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.W Jaradat
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C. Hoder-Przyrembel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - S. Cubillos
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - N. Krieg
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - K. Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - S. Piehler
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - B.W. Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - J. Norgauer
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) and hBD-3, encoded by DEFB4 and DEFB103A, respectively, have shown anti-HIV activity, and both genes exhibit copy number variation (CNV). Although the role of hBD-1, encoded by DEFB1, in HIV-1 infection is less clear, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1 may influence viral loads and disease progression. We examined the distribution of DEFB1 SNPs and DEFB4/103A CNV, and the relationship between DEFB1 SNPs and DEFB4/103A CNV using samples from two HIV/AIDS cohorts from the United States (n = 150) and five diverse populations from the Coriell Cell Repositories (n = 46). We determined the frequencies of 10 SNPs in DEFB1 using a post-PCR, oligonucleotide ligation detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay, and CNV in DEFB4/103A by real-time quantitative PCR. There were noticeable differences in the frequencies of DEFB1 SNP alleles and haplotypes among various racial/ethnic groups. The DEFB4/103A copy numbers varied from 2 to 8 (median, 4), and there was a significant difference between the copy numbers of self-identified whites and blacks in the US cohorts (Mann-Whitney U-test P = 0.04). A significant difference was observed in the distribution of DEFB4/103A CNV among DEFB1 -52G/A and -390T/A genotypes (Kruskal-Wallis P = 0.017 and 0.026, respectively), while not in the distribution of DEFB4/103A CNV among -52G/A_-44C/G_-20G/A diplotypes. These observations provide additional insights for further investigating the complex interplay between β-defensin genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to, or the progression or severity of, HIV infection/disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mehlotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Deregulation of the expression human beta defensin 1 (DEFB1), an antimicrobial peptide, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and asthma. Since the molecular mechanisms that regulate DEFB1 gene expression are widely unknown, the epigenetic processes involved in the regulation of the constitutive expression of DEFB1 in lung epithelial cells (A549) were investigated. The data demonstrate that histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in the regulation of DEFB1 gene expression. Inhibition of the class I HDACs, HDACs 1-3, increases DEFB1 gene expression in A549 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the inhibition of the class I HDACs also results in modifications of the chromatin at the DEFB1 promoter. Histone modifications, histone H3 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation, that are associated with transcriptional activation, were found to increase after inhibition of HDACs 1-3. Finally, RNAi knockdown experiments identified HDAC1 as the sole HDAC responsible for maintaining the constitutive level of DEFB1 transcription. Taken together, our data reveal epigenetic mechanisms which are the basis of the maintenance of the constitutive gene expression of human beta defensin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Kallsen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
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Winter J, Pantelis A, Kraus D, Reckenbeil J, Reich R, Jepsen S, Fischer HP, Allam JP, Novak N, Wenghoefer M. Human α-defensin (DEFA) gene expression helps to characterise benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:465. [PMID: 23050799 PMCID: PMC3518101 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the infrequence of salivary gland tumours and their complex histopathological diagnosis it is still difficult to exactly predict their clinical course by means of recurrence, malignant progression and metastasis. In order to define new proliferation associated genes, purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of human α-defensins (DEFA) 1/3 and 4 in different tumour entities of the salivary glands with respect to malignancy. METHODS Tissue of salivary glands (n=10), pleomorphic adenomas (n=10), cystadenolymphomas (n=10), adenocarcinomas (n=10), adenoidcystic carcinomas (n=10), and mucoepidermoid carcinomas (n=10) was obtained during routine surgical procedures. RNA was extracted according to standard protocols. Transcript levels of DEFA 1/3 and 4 were analyzed by quantitative realtime PCR and compared with healthy salivary gland tissue. Additionally, the proteins encoded by DEFA 1/3 and DEFA 4 were visualized in paraffin-embedded tissue sections by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Human α-defensins are traceable in healthy as well as in pathological altered salivary gland tissue. In comparison with healthy tissue, the gene expression of DEFA 1/3 and 4 was significantly (p<0.05) increased in all tumours - except for a significant decrease of DEFA 4 gene expression in pleomorphic adenomas and a similar transcript level for DEFA 1/3 compared to healthy salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS A decreased gene expression of DEFA 1/3 and 4 might protect pleomorphic adenomas from malignant transformation into adenocarcinomas. A similar expression pattern of DEFA-1/3 and -4 in cystadenolymphomas and inflamed salivary glands underlines a potential importance of immunological reactions during the formation of Warthin's tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, 1753111, Bonn, Germany
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Loo WTY, Bai LJ, Fan CB, Yue Y, Dou YD, Wang M, Liang H, Cheung MNB, Chow LWC, Li JL, Tian Y, Qing L. Clinical application of human β-defensin and CD14 gene polymorphism in evaluating the status of chronic inflammation. J Transl Med 2012; 10 Suppl 1:S9. [PMID: 23046822 PMCID: PMC3445860 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-s1-s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a common disease that affects the periodontal tissue supporting the teeth. This disease is attributed to multiple risk factors, including diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol, pathogenic microorganisms, genetics and others. Human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with cysteine-rich ß-sheets and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. CD14 is a protein involved in the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and has also been associated with periodontitis. This study investigates the single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) region, -1654(V38I), of the human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) gene as well as the -159 region of the CD14 gene in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Methods Blood samples from periodontally healthy subjects and periodontitis patients were obtained. DNA was extracted from the blood and was used to perform restriction digest at the polymorphic G1654A site of DEFB1 with the enzyme HincII. The polymorphic site 159TT of CD14 was digested with the enzyme AvaII. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on soluble samples to determine the protein expressions. Results The control and patient groups expressed 35% and 38% 1654 A/A genotype of DEFB1, respectively. The A allele frequency of the control group was 40%, while the patient blood group was 54%. The mean hBD-1 protein levels of the control and patient samples were 102.83 pg/mL and 252.09 pg/mL, respectively. The genotype distribution of CD14 in healthy subjects was 16% for C/C, 26% for T/T and 58% for C/T. The genotype frequencies of CD14 in periodontitis patients were 10% for C/C, 43% for T/T and 47% for C/T. The CD14 protein expression determined by ELISA showed a mean protein level of the control samples at 76.28ng/mL and the patient blood samples at 179.27ng/mL with a p value of 0.001. Our study demonstrated that patients suffering from chronic periodontitis present more commonly with the 1654A/A genotype on the DEFB1 gene and the 159T/T genotype on the CD14 gene. Conclusions This study purely investigated the association between periodontitis and one polymorphic site on both DEFB1 and CD14 gene, with the purpose of expanding knowledge for the future development in diagnostic markers or therapeutic interventions to combat this disease.
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Bell S, Howard A, Wilson JA, Abbot EL, Smith WD, Townes CL, Hirst BH, Hall J. Streptococcus pyogenes infection of tonsil explants is associated with a human β-defensin 1 response from control but not recurrent acute tonsillitis patients. Mol Oral Microbiol 2012; 27:160-71. [PMID: 22520386 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDP), including the defensins and hCAP-18, function as part of the innate immune defences, protecting the host epithelia from microbial attachment and invasion. Recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT), in which patients suffer repeated symptomatic tonsil infections, is linked to Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus, and may reflect the impaired expression of such peptides. To address this, the defensin and hCAP-18 messenger RNA expression profiles of 54 tonsils excised from control and RAT patients undergoing tonsillectomy were quantified and compared. Marked variation in expression was observed between individuals from the two groups, but statistically no significant differences were identified, suggesting that at the time of surgery the tonsil epithelial HDP barrier was not compromised in RAT subjects. Surgical removal of the tonsils occurs in a quiescent phase of disease, and so to assess the effects of an active bacterial infection, HaCaT cells an in vitro model of the tonsil epithelium, and explants of patient tonsils maintained in vitro were challenged with S. pyogenes. The HaCaT data supported the reduced expression of hCAP-18/LL-37, human β-defensin 1 (HBD1;P < 0.01) and HBD2 (P < 0.05), consistent with decreased protection of the epithelial barrier. The tonsil explant data, although not as definitive, showed similar trends apart from HBD1 expression, which in the control tonsils but not the RAT patient tonsils was characterized by increased expression (P < 0.01). These data suggest that in vivo HBD1 may play a critical role in protecting the tonsil epithelia from S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Bruno AE, Li L, Kalabus JL, Pan Y, Yu A, Hu Z. miRdSNP: a database of disease-associated SNPs and microRNA target sites on 3'UTRs of human genes. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:44. [PMID: 22276777 PMCID: PMC3287127 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can lead to the susceptibility and onset of diseases through their effects on gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent findings indicate that SNPs could create, destroy, or modify the efficiency of miRNA binding to the 3'UTR of a gene, resulting in gene dysregulation. With the rapidly growing number of published disease-associated SNPs (dSNPs), there is a strong need for resources specifically recording dSNPs on the 3'UTRs and their nucleotide distance from miRNA target sites. We present here miRdSNP, a database incorporating three important areas of dSNPs, miRNA target sites, and diseases. Description miRdSNP provides a unique database of dSNPs on the 3'UTRs of human genes manually curated from PubMed. The current release includes 786 dSNP-disease associations for 630 unique dSNPs and 204 disease types. miRdSNP annotates genes with experimentally confirmed targeting by miRNAs and indexes miRNA target sites predicted by TargetScan and PicTar as well as potential miRNA target sites newly generated by dSNPs. A robust web interface and search tools are provided for studying the proximity of miRNA binding sites to dSNPs in relation to human diseases. Searches can be dynamically filtered by gene name, miRBase ID, target prediction algorithm, disease, and any nucleotide distance between dSNPs and miRNA target sites. Results can be viewed at the sequence level showing the annotated locations for miRNA target sites and dSNPs on the entire 3'UTR sequences. The integration of dSNPs with the UCSC Genome browser is also supported. Conclusion miRdSNP provides a comprehensive data source of dSNPs and robust tools for exploring their distance from miRNA target sites on the 3'UTRs of human genes. miRdSNP enables researchers to further explore the molecular mechanism of gene dysregulation for dSNPs at posttranscriptional level. miRdSNP is freely available on the web at http://mirdsnp.ccr.buffalo.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Bruno
- Center for Computational Research, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Campbell EL, Serhan CN, Colgan SP. Antimicrobial aspects of inflammatory resolution in the mucosa: a role for proresolving mediators. J Immunol 2011; 187:3475-81. [PMID: 21934099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces function as selectively permeable barriers between the host and the outside world. Given their close proximity to microbial Ags, mucosal surfaces have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis and preventing excessive acute inflammatory reactions. The role attributed to epithelial cells was historically limited to serving as a selective barrier; in recent years, numerous findings implicate an active role of the epithelium with proresolving mediators in the maintenance of immunological equilibrium. In this brief review, we highlight new evidence that the epithelium actively contributes to coordination and resolution of inflammation, principally through the generation of anti-inflammatory and proresolution lipid mediators. These autacoids, derived from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are implicated in the initiation, progression, and resolution of acute inflammation and display specific, epithelial-directed actions focused on mucosal homeostasis. We also summarize present knowledge of mechanisms for resolution via regulation of epithelial-derived antimicrobial peptides in response to proresolving lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Campbell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Tonetti MS, Chapple ILC. Biological approaches to the development of novel periodontal therapies--consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:114-8. [PMID: 21323708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis remains a major public health issue and current management approaches have failed to impact upon the most high-risk proportion of the population and those with the most severe disease. The objective of this session was to assess if and how, current understanding of periodontitis provides the opportunity to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the current understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, the Workshop discussed the potential of antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, pro-resolving lipid mediators, and micronutritional approaches. Evidence-based position papers and expert discussions formed the basis of deliberations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Current preventive and treatment approaches are only partially effective, and this appears due to the therapeutic focus remaining primarily upon biofilm management rather than embracing a pivotal role for inflammation as a driver of biofilm composition as well as tissue damage. There is a need to develop new, more effective, and efficient preventive and treatment approaches for gingivitis and periodontitis, which embrace recent advances in understanding of host modulation and inflammation resolution, as well as direct management of the microbiota.
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