1
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Tarabichi O, Correa T, Kul E, Phillips S, Darkazanly B, Young SM, Hansen MR. Development and evaluation of helper dependent adenoviral vectors for inner ear gene delivery. Hear Res 2023; 435:108819. [PMID: 37276687 PMCID: PMC10427999 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral vector gene therapy is an attractive strategy to treat hearing loss. Since hearing loss is due to a variety of pathogenic signaling cascades in distinct cells, viral vectors that can express large or multiple genes in a cell-type specific manner are needed. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HdAd) are safe viral vectors with a large packaging capacity (-36 kb). Despite the potential of HdAd, its use in the inner ear is largely unexplored. Therefore, to evaluate the utility of HdAd for inner ear gene therapy, we created two HdAd vectors that use distinct cellular receptors for transduction: HdAd Serotype Type 5 (HdAd5), the Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) and a chimeric HdAd 5/35, the human CD46+ receptor (hCD46). We delivered these vectors through the round window (RW) or scala media in CBA/J, C57Bl6/J and hCD46 transgenic mice. Immunostaining in conjunction with confocal microscopy of cochlear sections revealed that multiple cell types were transduced using HdAd5 and HdAd 5/35 in all mouse models. Delivery of HdAd5 via RW in the C57Bl/6 J or CBA/J cochlea resulted in transduced mesenchymal cells of the peri‑lymphatic lining and modiolar region while scala media delivery resulted in transduction of supporting cells and inner hair cells. Hd5/35 transduction was CD46 dependent and RW delivery of HdAd5/35 in the hCD46 mouse model resulted in a similar transduction pattern as HdAd5 in the peri‑lymphatic lining and modiolar region in the cochlea. Our data indicate that HdAd vectors are promising vectors for use in inner ear gene therapy to treat some causes of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Tarabichi
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tatiana Correa
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Emre Kul
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Stacia Phillips
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bahaa Darkazanly
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel M Young
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Departments of Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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2
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Sellers DL, Lee K, Murthy N, Pun SH. TAxI-peptide targeted Cas12a ribonuclease protein nanoformulations increase genome editing in hippocampal neurons. J Control Release 2023; 354:188-195. [PMID: 36596342 PMCID: PMC9975068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches that utilize Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) ribonucleases have tremendous potential to treat human disease. However, CRISPR therapies delivered by integrating viral vectors are limited by potential off-target genome editing caused by constitutive activation of ribonuclease functions. Thus, biomaterial formulations are being used for the delivery of purified CRISPR components to increase the efficiency and safety of genome editing approaches. We previously demonstrated that a novel peptide identified by phage display, TAxI-peptide, mediates delivery of recombinant proteins into neurons. In this report we utilized NeutrAvidin protein to formulate neuron-targeted genome-editing nanoparticles. Cas12a ribonucleases was loaded with biotinylated guide RNA and biotinylated TAxI-peptide onto NeutrAvidin protein to coordinate the formation a targeted ribonuclease protein (RNP) complex. TAxI-RNP complexes are polydisperse with a 14.3 nm radius. The nanoparticles are stable after formulation and show good stability in the presence of normal mouse serum. TAxI-RNP nanoparticles increased neuronal delivery of Cas12a in reporter mice, resulting in induced tdTomato expression after direct injection into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. TAxI-RNP nanoparticles also increased genome editing efficacy in hippocampal neurons versus glia. These studies demonstrate the ability to assemble RNP nanoformulations with NeutrAvidin by binding biotinylated peptides and gRNA-loaded Cas12a ribonucleases into protein nanoparticles that target CRISPR delivery to specific cell-types in vivo. The potential to deliver CRISPR nanoparticles to specific cell-types and control off-target delivery to further reduce deleterious genome editing is essential for the creation of viable therapies to treat nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew L Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Kunwoo Lee
- GenEdit Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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3
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Saidia AR, Ruel J, Bahloul A, Chaix B, Venail F, Wang J. Current Advances in Gene Therapies of Genetic Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030738. [PMID: 36769387 PMCID: PMC9918155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) refers to a range of hearing impairments characterized by an impaired transmission of sound from the cochlea to the brain. This defect can be due to a lesion or defect in the inner hair cell (IHC), IHC ribbon synapse (e.g., pre-synaptic release of glutamate), postsynaptic terminals of the spiral ganglion neurons, or demyelination and axonal loss within the auditory nerve. To date, the only clinical treatment options for ANSD are hearing aids and cochlear implantation. However, despite the advances in hearing-aid and cochlear-implant technologies, the quality of perceived sound still cannot match that of the normal ear. Recent advanced genetic diagnostics and clinical audiology made it possible to identify the precise site of a lesion and to characterize the specific disease mechanisms of ANSD, thus bringing renewed hope to the treatment or prevention of auditory neurodegeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people are showing promise. In this review, we provide an update on recent discoveries in the molecular pathophysiology of genetic lesions, auditory synaptopathy and neuropathy, and gene-therapy research towards hearing restoration in rodent models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Rym Saidia
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Ruel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Amel Bahloul
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Chaix
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Venail
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-499-63-60-48
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4
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Timashpolsky A, Chorney SR, O’reilly RC. Gene Therapy for Congenital Hearing Loss. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-022-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Qi J, Fu X, Zhang L, Tan F, Li N, Sun Q, Hu X, He Z, Xia M, Chai R. Current AAV-mediated gene therapy in sensorineural hearing loss. Fundamental Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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6
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Xu Z, Rai V, Zuo J. TUB and ZNF532 Promote the Atoh1-Mediated Hair Cell Regeneration in Mouse Cochleae. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:759223. [PMID: 34819838 PMCID: PMC8606527 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.759223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) regeneration is a promising therapy for permanent sensorineural hearing loss caused by HC loss in mammals. Atoh1 has been shown to convert supporting cells (SCs) to HCs in neonatal cochleae; its combinations with other factors can improve the efficiency of HC regeneration. To identify additional transcription factors for efficient Atoh1-mediated HC regeneration, here we optimized the electroporation procedure for explant culture of neonatal mouse organs of Corti and tested multiple transcription factors, Six2, Ikzf2, Lbh, Arid3b, Hmg20 a, Tub, Sall1, and Znf532, for their potential to promote Atoh1-mediated conversion of SCs to HCs. These transcription factors are expressed highly in HCs but differentially compared to the converted HCs based on previous studies, and are also potential co-reprograming factors for Atoh1-mediated SC-to-HC conversion by literature review. P0.5 cochlear explants were electroporated with these transcription factors alone or jointly with Atoh1. We found that Sox2+ progenitors concentrated within the lateral greater epithelial ridge (GER) can be electroporated efficiently with minimal HC damage. Atoh1 ectopic expression promoted HC regeneration in Sox2+ lateral GER cells. Transcription factors Tub and Znf532, but not the other six tested, promoted the HC regeneration mediated by Atoh1, consistent with previous studies that Isl1 promotes Atoh1-mediated HC conversionex vivo and in vivo and that both Tub and Znf532 are downstream targets of Isl1. Thus, our studies revealed an optimized electroporation method that can transfect the Sox2+ lateral GER cells efficiently with minimal damage to the endogenous HCs. Our results also demonstrate the importance of the Isl1/Tub/Znf532 pathway in promoting Atoh1-mediated HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
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7
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Botto C, Dalkara D, El-Amraoui A. Progress in Gene Editing Tools and Their Potential for Correcting Mutations Underlying Hearing and Vision Loss. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:737632. [PMID: 34778871 PMCID: PMC8581640 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.737632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness and deafness are the most frequent sensory disorders in humans. Whatever their cause - genetic, environmental, or due to toxic agents, or aging - the deterioration of these senses is often linked to irreversible damage to the light-sensing photoreceptor cells (blindness) and/or the mechanosensitive hair cells (deafness). Efforts are increasingly focused on preventing disease progression by correcting or replacing the blindness and deafness-causal pathogenic alleles. In recent years, gene replacement therapies for rare monogenic disorders of the retina have given positive results, leading to the marketing of the first gene therapy product for a form of childhood hereditary blindness. Promising results, with a partial restoration of auditory function, have also been reported in preclinical models of human deafness. Silencing approaches, including antisense oligonucleotides, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microRNA delivery, and genome-editing approaches have also been applied to various genetic forms of blindness and deafness The discovery of new DNA- and RNA-based CRISPR/Cas nucleases, and the new generations of base, prime, and RNA editors offers new possibilities for directly repairing point mutations and therapeutically restoring gene function. Thanks to easy access and immune-privilege status of self-contained compartments, the eye and the ear continue to be at the forefront of developing therapies for genetic diseases. Here, we review the ongoing applications and achievements of this new class of emerging therapeutics in the sensory organs of vision and hearing, highlighting the challenges ahead and the solutions to be overcome for their successful therapeutic application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Botto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
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8
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Abstract
Biologic therapies have the ability to fundamentally change the management of hearing loss; clinicians need to familiarize themselves with their prospective applications in practice. This article reviews the current application of 4 categories of biological therapeutics-growth factors, apoptosis inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapy-in otology and their potential future directions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Gordon
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Utah Health, 50 North Medical Drive 3C120 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Richard K Gurgel
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Utah Health, 50 North Medical Drive 3C120 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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9
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Nourbakhsh A, Colbert BM, Nisenbaum E, El-Amraoui A, Dykxhoorn DM, Koehler KR, Chen ZY, Liu XZ. Stem Cells and Gene Therapy in Progressive Hearing Loss: the State of the Art. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:95-105. [PMID: 33507440 PMCID: PMC7943682 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-020-00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (PNSHL) is the most common cause of sensory impairment, affecting more than a third of individuals over the age of 65. PNSHL includes noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and inherited forms of deafness, among which is delayed-onset autosomal dominant hearing loss (AD PNSHL). PNSHL is a prime candidate for genetic therapies due to the fact that PNSHL has been studied extensively, and there is a potentially wide window between identification of the disorder and the onset of hearing loss. Several gene therapy strategies exist that show potential for targeting PNSHL, including viral and non-viral approaches, and gene editing versus gene-modulating approaches. To fully explore the potential of these therapy strategies, a faithful in vitro model of the human inner ear is needed. Such models may come from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The development of new treatment modalities by combining iPSC modeling with novel and innovative gene therapy approaches will pave the way for future applications leading to improved quality of life for many affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, 5th Floor, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Brett M. Colbert
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, 5th Floor, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, 5th Floor, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Institut Pasteur, INSERM-UMRS1120, Sorbonne Université, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Derek M. Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Karl Russell Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zheng-yi Chen
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School and Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Xue Z. Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, 5th Floor, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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10
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Akil O. Dual and triple AAV delivery of large therapeutic gene sequences into the inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 394:107912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Objectives Current treatments for hearing loss offer some functional improvements in hearing, but do not restore normal hearing. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in viral and non-viral vectors for gene therapy and to discuss approaches for overcoming barriers inherent to inner ear delivery of gene products. Data Sources The databases used were Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search terms were [("cochlea*" or "inner ear" or "transtympanic" or "intratympanic" or "intracochlear" or "hair cells" or "spiral ganglia" or "Organ of Corti") and ("gene therapy" or "gene delivery")]. The references section of resulting articles was also used to identify relevant studies. Results Both viral and non-viral vectors play important roles in advancing gene delivery to the inner ear. The round window membrane is one significant barrier to gene delivery that intratympanic delivery methods attempt to overcome through diffusion and intracochlear delivery methods bypass completely. Conclusions Gene therapy for hearing loss is a promising treatment for restoring hearing function by addressing innate defects. Recent technological advances in inner ear drug delivery techniques pose exciting opportunities for progress in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Valentini
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Betsy Szeto
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey W Kysar
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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12
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Delmaghani S, El-Amraoui A. Inner Ear Gene Therapies Take Off: Current Promises and Future Challenges. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2309. [PMID: 32708116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing impairment is the most frequent sensory deficit in humans of all age groups, from children (1/500) to the elderly (more than 50% of the over-75 s). Over 50% of congenital deafness are hereditary in nature. The other major causes of deafness, which also may have genetic predisposition, are aging, acoustic trauma, ototoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides, and noise exposure. Over the last two decades, the study of inherited deafness forms and related animal models has been instrumental in deciphering the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms of disease. However, there is still no curative treatment for sensorineural deafness. Hearing loss is currently palliated by rehabilitation methods: conventional hearing aids, and for more severe forms, cochlear implants. Efforts are continuing to improve these devices to help users to understand speech in noisy environments and to appreciate music. However, neither approach can mediate a full recovery of hearing sensitivity and/or restoration of the native inner ear sensory epithelia. New therapeutic approaches based on gene transfer and gene editing tools are being developed in animal models. In this review, we focus on the successful restoration of auditory and vestibular functions in certain inner ear conditions, paving the way for future clinical applications.
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Jimenez JE, Nourbakhsh A, Colbert B, Mittal R, Yan D, Green CL, Nisenbaum E, Liu G, Bencie N, Rudman J, Blanton SH, Zhong Liu X. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of genomic medicine in progressive, late-onset, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Gene 2020; 747:144677. [PMID: 32304785 PMCID: PMC7244213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progressive, late-onset, nonsyndromic, sensorineural hearing loss (PNSHL) is the most common cause of sensory impairment globally, with presbycusis affecting greater than a third of individuals over the age of 65. The etiology underlying PNSHL include presbycusis, noise-induced hearing loss, drug ototoxicity, and delayed-onset autosomal dominant hearing loss (AD PNSHL). The objective of this article is to discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of genomic medicine in PNSHL. Genomic factors contribute greatly to PNSHL. The heritability of presbycusis ranges from 25 to 75%. Current therapies for PNSHL range from sound amplification to cochlear implantation (CI). PNSHL is an excellent candidate for genomic medicine approaches as it is common, has well-described pathophysiology, has a wide time window for treatment, and is amenable to local gene therapy by currently utilized procedural approaches. AD PNSHL is especially suited to genomic medicine approaches that can disrupt the expression of an aberrant protein product. Gene therapy is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PNSHL. Viral gene delivery approaches have demonstrated promising results in human clinical trials for two inherited causes of blindness and are being used for PNSHL in animal models and a human trial. Non-viral gene therapy approaches are useful in situations where a transient biologic effect is needed or for delivery of genome editing reagents (such as CRISPR/Cas9) into the inner ear. Many gene therapy modalities that have proven efficacious in animal trials have potential to delay or prevent PNSHL in humans. The development of new treatment modalities for PNSHL will lead to improved quality of life of many affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin E Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brett Colbert
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlos L Green
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason Rudman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute of Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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14
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Wang H, Bing D, Li J, Xie L, Xiong F, Lan L, Wang D, Guan J, Wang Q. High Frequency of AIFM1 Variants and Phenotype Progression of Auditory Neuropathy in a Chinese Population. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:5625768. [PMID: 32684920 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5625768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To decipher the genotype-phenotype correlation of auditory neuropathy (AN) caused by AIFM1 variations, as well as the phenotype progression of these patients, exploring the potential molecular pathogenic mechanism of AN. A total of 36 families of individuals with AN (50 cases) with AIFM1 variations were recruited and identified by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing; the participants included 30 patients from 16 reported families and 20 new cases. We found that AIFM1-positive cases accounted for 18.6% of late-onset AN cases. Of the 50 AN patients with AIFM1 variants, 45 were male and 5 were female. The hotspot variation of this gene was p.Leu344Phe, accounting for 36.1%. A total of 19 AIFM1 variants were reported in this study, including 7 novel ones. A follow-up study was performed on 30 previously reported AIFM1-positive subjects, 16 follow-up cases (53.3%) were included in this study, and follow-up periods were recorded from 1 to 23 years with average 9.75 ± 9.89 years. There was no hearing threshold increase during the short-term follow-up period (1-10 years), but the low-frequency and high-frequency hearing thresholds showed a significant increase with the prolongation of follow-up time. The speech discrimination score progressed gradually and significantly along with the course of the disease and showed a more serious decline, which was disproportionately worse than the pure tone threshold. In addition to the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, the X-linked dominant inheritance pattern is also observed in AIFM1-related AN and affects females. In conclusion, we confirmed that AIFM1 is the primary related gene among late-onset AN cases, and the most common recurrent variant is p.Leu344Phe. Except for the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, the X-linked dominant inheritance pattern is another probability of AIFM1-related AN, with females affected. Phenotypical features of AIFM1-related AN suggested that auditory dyssynchrony progressively worsened over time.
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15
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Lan Y, Tao Y, Wang Y, Ke J, Yang Q, Liu X, Su B, Wu Y, Lin CP, Zhong G. Recent development of AAV-based gene therapies for inner ear disorders. Gene Ther 2020; 27:329-337. [PMID: 32424232 PMCID: PMC7445886 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy for auditory diseases is gradually maturing. Recent progress in gene therapy treatments for genetic and acquired hearing loss has demonstrated the feasibility in animal models. However, a number of hurdles, such as lack of safe viral vector with high efficiency and specificity, robust deafness large animal models, translating animal studies to clinic etc., still remain to be solved. It is necessary to overcome these challenges in order to effectively recover auditory function in human patients. Here, we review the progress made in our group, especially our efforts to make more effective and cell type-specific viral vectors for targeting cochlea cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Lan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- ENT institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junzi Ke
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bing Su
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chao-Po Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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16
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Yamoah EN, Li M, Shah A, Elliott KL, Cheah K, Xu PX, Phillips S, Young SM Jr, Eberl DF, Fritzsch B. Using Sox2 to alleviate the hallmarks of age-related hearing loss. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101042. [PMID: 32173536 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory deficit. ARHL reduces the quality of life of the growing population, setting seniors up for the enhanced mental decline. The size of the needy population, the structural deficit, and a likely research strategy for effective treatment of chronic neurosensory hearing in the elderly are needed. Although there has been profound advancement in auditory regenerative research, there remain multiple challenges to restore hearing loss. Thus, additional investigations are required, using novel tools. We propose how the (1) flat epithelium, remaining after the organ of Corti has deteriorated, can be converted to the repaired-sensory epithelium, using Sox2. This will include (2) developing an artificial gene regulatory network transmitted by (3) large viral vectors to the flat epithelium to stimulate remnants of the organ of Corti to restore hair cells. We hope to unite with our proposal toward the common goal, eventually restoring a functional human hearing organ by transforming the flat epithelial cells left after the organ of Corti loss.
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17
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Abstract
Impairments of vision and hearing are highly prevalent conditions limiting the quality of life and presenting a major socioeconomic burden. For long, retinal and cochlear disorders have remained intractable for causal therapies, with sensory rehabilitation limited to glasses, hearing aids, and electrical cochlear or retinal implants. Recently, the application of gene therapy and optogenetics to eye and ear has generated hope for a fundamental improvement of vision and hearing restoration. To date, one gene therapy for the restoration of vision has been approved and undergoing clinical trials will broaden its application including gene replacement, genome editing, and regenerative approaches. Moreover, optogenetics, i.e. controlling the activity of cells by light, offers a more general alternative strategy. Over little more than a decade, optogenetic approaches have been developed and applied to better understand the function of biological systems, while protein engineers have identified and designed new opsin variants with desired physiological features. Considering potential clinical applications of optogenetics, the spotlight is on the sensory systems. Multiple efforts have been undertaken to restore lost or hampered function in eye and ear. Optogenetic stimulation promises to overcome fundamental shortcomings of electrical stimulation, namely poor spatial resolution and cellular specificity, and accordingly to deliver more detailed sensory information. This review aims at providing a comprehensive reference on current gene therapeutic and optogenetic research relevant to the restoration of hearing and vision. We will introduce gene-therapeutic approaches and discuss the biotechnological and optoelectronic aspects of optogenetic hearing and vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is a major cause of deaf-blindness in humans, affecting ∼400 000 patients worldwide. Three clinical subtypes, USH1-3, have been defined, with 10 USH genes identified so far. In recent years, in addition to identification of new Usher genes and diagnostic tools, major progress has been made in understanding the role of Usher proteins and how they cooperate through interaction networks to ensure proper development, architecture and function of the stereociliary bundle at the apex of sensory hair cells in the inner ear. Several Usher mouse models of known human Usher genes have been characterized. These mice faithfully reproduce the auditory phenotype associated with Usher syndrome and the vestibular phenotype associated with some mutations in USH genes, particularly USH1. Interestingly, very few mouse models of Usher syndrome recapitulate the retinal phenotype associated with the disease in human. Usher patients can benefit from hearing aids or cochlear implants, which partially alleviate auditory sensory deprivation. However, there are currently no biological treatments available for auditory or visual dysfunction in Usher patients. Development of novel therapies for Usher syndrome has sprouted over the past decade, building on recent progress in gene transfer and new gene editing tools. Promising success demonstrating recovery of hearing and balance functions have been obtained via distinct therapeutic strategies in animal models. Clinical translation to Usher patients, however, calls for further improvements and concerted efforts to overcome the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaelle G S Géléoc
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 3, Blackfan circle, Center for Life Science, 03001, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Institut Pasteur, INSERM-UMRS1120, Sorbonne Université, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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19
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Blanc F, Mondain M, Bemelmans AP, Affortit C, Puel JL, Wang J. rAAV-Mediated Cochlear Gene Therapy: Prospects and Challenges for Clinical Application. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E589. [PMID: 32098144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, pioneering molecular gene therapy for inner-ear disorders have achieved experimental hearing improvements after a single local or systemic injection of adeno-associated, virus-derived vectors (rAAV for recombinant AAV) encoding an extra copy of a normal gene, or ribozymes used to modify a genome. These results hold promise for treating congenital or later-onset hearing loss resulting from monogenic disorders with gene therapy approaches in patients. In this review, we summarize the current state of rAAV-mediated inner-ear gene therapies including the choice of vectors and delivery routes, and discuss the prospects and obstacles for the future development of efficient clinical rAAV-mediated cochlear gene medicine therapy.
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20
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Abstract
Monkeys are a premier model organism for neuroscience research. Activity in the central nervous systems of monkeys can be recorded and manipulated while they perform complex perceptual, motor, or cognitive tasks. Conventional techniques for manipulating neural activity in monkeys are too coarse to address many of the outstanding questions in primate neuroscience, but optogenetics holds the promise to overcome this hurdle. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in primate optogenetics over the past 5 years. We emphasize the use of gene regulatory sequences in viral vectors to target specific neuronal types, and we present data on vectors that we engineered to target parvalbumin-expressing neurons. We conclude with a discussion of the utility of optogenetics for treating sensorimotor hearing loss and Parkinson's disease, areas of translational neuroscience in which monkeys provide unique leverage for basic science and medicine.
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21
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Wu X, Zhang W, Li Y, Lin X. Structure and Function of Cochlear Gap Junctions and Implications for the Translation of Cochlear Gene Therapies. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:529. [PMID: 31827424 PMCID: PMC6892400 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) are ubiquitous membrane proteins that are found throughout vertebrate organs, acting as building blocks of the gap junctions (GJs) known to play vital roles in the normal function of many organs. Mutations in Cx genes (particularly GJB2, which encodes Cx26) cause approximately half of all cases of congenital hearing loss in newborns. Great progress has been made in understanding GJ function and the molecular mechanisms for the role of Cxs in the cochlea. Data reveal that multiple types of Cxs work together to ensure normal development and function of the cochlea. These findings include many aspects not proposed in the classic K+ recycling theory, such as the formation of normal cochlear morphology (e.g., the opening of the tunnel of Corti), the fine-tuning of the innervation of nerve fibers to the hair cells (HCs), the maturation of the ribbon synapses, and the initiation of the endocochlear potential (EP). New data, especially those collected from targeted modification of major Cx genes in the mouse cochlea, have demonstrated that Cx26 plays an essential role in the postnatal maturation of the cochlea. Studies also show that Cx26 and Cx30 assume very different roles in the EP generation, given that only Cx26 is required for normal hearing. This article will review our current understanding of the molecular structure, cellular distribution, and major functions of cochlear GJs. Potential implications of the knowledge of cochlear GJs on the design and implementation of translational studies of cochlear gene therapies for Cx mutations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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22
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Scheper V, Hoffmann A, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Hamm A, Pannier C, Hubka P, Lenarz T, Schwieger J. Stem Cell Based Drug Delivery for Protection of Auditory Neurons in a Guinea Pig Model of Cochlear Implantation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:177. [PMID: 31139049 PMCID: PMC6527816 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The success of a cochlear implant (CI), which is the standard therapy for patients suffering from severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, depends on the number and excitability of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a protective effect on SGNs but should be applied chronically to guarantee their lifelong survival. Long-term administration of BDNF could be achieved using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but these cells should be protected – by ultra-high viscous (UHV-) alginate (‘alginate-MSCs’) – from the recipient immune system and from uncontrolled migration. Methods: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs were encapsulated in UHV-alginate. Four experimental groups were investigated using guinea pigs as an animal model. Three of them were systemically deafened and (unilaterally) received one of the following: (I) a CI; (II) an alginate-MSC-coated CI; (III) an injection of alginate-embedded MSCs into the scala tympani followed by CI insertion and alginate polymerization. Group IV was normal hearing, with CI insertion in both ears and a unilateral injection of alginate-MSCs. Using acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response measurements, hearing thresholds were determined before implantation and before sacrificing the animals. Electrode impedance was measured weekly. Four weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and the SGN density and degree of fibrosis were evaluated. Results: The MSCs survived being implanted for 4 weeks in vivo. Neither the alginate-MSC injection nor the coating affected electrode impedance or fibrosis. CI insertion with and without previous alginate injection in normal-hearing animals resulted in increased hearing thresholds within the high-frequency range. Low-frequency hearing loss was additionally observed in the alginate-injected and implanted cochleae, but not in those treated only with a CI. In deafened animals, the alginate-MSC coating of the CI significantly prevented SGN from degeneration, but the injection of alginate-MSCs did not. Conclusion: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs encapsulated in UHV-alginate prevent SGNs from degeneration in the form of coating on the CI surface, but not in the form of an injection. No increase in fibrosis or impedance was detected. Further research and development aimed at verifying long-term mechanical and biological properties of coated electrodes in vitro and in vivo, in combination with chronic electrical stimulation, is needed before the current concept can be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', German Research Foundation, Bonn, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael M Gepp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany.,Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Anika Hamm
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph Pannier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Hubka
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Experimental Otology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', German Research Foundation, Bonn, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
| | - Jana Schwieger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hanover, Germany
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23
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Gu X, Chai R, Guo L, Dong B, Li W, Shu Y, Huang X, Li H. Transduction of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Targeting Hair Cells and Supporting Cells in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:8. [PMID: 30733670 PMCID: PMC6353798 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the preferred vector for gene therapy of hereditary deafness, and different viral serotypes, promoters and transduction pathways can influence the targeting of AAV to different types of cells and the expression levels of numerous exogenous genes. To determine the transduction and expression patterns of AAV with different serotypes or promoters in hair cells and supporting cells in the neonatal mouse cochlea, we examined the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for five different types of AAV vectors [serotypes 2, 9, and Anc80L65 with promoter cytomegalovirus (CMV)-beta-Globin and serotypes 2 and 9 with promoter chicken beta-actin (CBA)] in in vitro cochlear explant cultures and we tested the transduction of AAV2/2-CBA, AAV2/9-CBA, and AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV by in vivo microinjection into the scala media of the cochlea. We found that each AAV vector had its own transduction and expression characteristics in hair cells and supporting cells in different regions of the cochlea. There was a tonotopic gradient for the in vitro transduction of AAV2/2-CBA, AAV2/9-CBA, AAV2/2-CMV, and AAV2/9-CMV in outer hair cells (OHCs), with more OHCs expressing eGFP at the base of the cochlea than at the apex. AAV2/2-CBA in vitro and AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV in vivo induced more supporting cells expressing eGFP at the apex than in the base. We found that AAV vectors with different promoters had different expression efficacies in hair cells and supporting cells of the auditory epithelium. The CMV-beta-Globin promoter could drive the expression of the delivered construct more efficiently in hair cells, while the CBA promoter was more efficient in supporting cells. The in vitro and in vivo experiments both demonstrated that AAV2/Anc80L65-CMV was a very promising vector for gene therapy of deafness because of its high transduction rates in hair cells. These results might be useful for selecting the appropriate vectors for gene delivery into different types of inner ear cells and thus improving the effectiveness of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Abstract
Hearing and balance impairment are major concerns and a serious public health burden, as it affects millions of people worldwide, but still lacks an effective curative therapy. Recent breakthroughs in preclinical and clinical studies using viral gene therapy suggest that such an approach might succeed in curing many genetic diseases. Our actual understanding and the comprehensive analysis of the molecular bases of genetic deafness forms have provided the multiple bridges toward gene therapy to correct, replace, or modify the expression of defective endogenous genes involved in deafness. The aim of this review article is to summarize the recent advances in the restoration of cochlear and vestibular functions by local gene therapy in mouse models of Usher syndrome, the leading genetic cause of deafness associated with blindness in the world. We focus herein on therapeutic approaches with the highest potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Calvet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de génétique et physiologie de l'audition, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France - Inserm UMRS 1120, 75015 Paris, France - Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ghizlene Lahlou
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de génétique et physiologie de l'audition, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France - Inserm UMRS 1120, 75015 Paris, France - Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Saaid Safieddine
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de génétique et physiologie de l'audition, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, Cedex 15, France - Inserm UMRS 1120, 75015 Paris, France - Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France - CNRS, UMRS 1120, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Abstract
Sensorineural hearing impairment is the most common sensory disorder and a major health and socio-economic issue in industrialized countries. It is primarily due to the degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea via complex pathophysiological mechanisms. These occur following acute and/or chronic exposure to harmful extrinsic (e.g., ototoxic drugs, noise...) and intrinsic (e.g., aging, genetic) causative factors. No clinical therapies currently exist to rescue the dying sensorineural cells or regenerate these cells once lost. Recent studies have, however, provided renewed hope, with insights into the therapeutic targets allowing the prevention and treatment of ototoxic drug- and noise-induced, age-related hearing loss as well as cochlear cell degeneration. Moreover, genetic routes involving the replacement or corrective editing of mutant sequences or defected genes are showing promise, as are cell-replacement therapies to repair damaged cells for the future restoration of hearing in deaf people. This review begins by recapitulating our current understanding of the molecular pathways that underlie cochlear sensorineural damage, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. It then guides the reader through to the recent discoveries in pharmacological, gene and cell therapy research towards hearing protection and restoration as well as their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- INSERM UMR 1051, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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26
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Zhang W, Kim SM, Wang W, Cai C, Feng Y, Kong W, Lin X. Cochlear Gene Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Status and Major Remaining Hurdles for Translational Success. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:221. [PMID: 29997477 PMCID: PMC6028713 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects millions of people. Genetic mutations play a large and direct role in both congenital and late-onset cases of SNHL (e.g., age-dependent hearing loss, ADHL). Although hearing aids can help moderate to severe hearing loss the only effective treatment for deaf patients is the cochlear implant (CI). Gene- and cell-based therapies potentially may preserve or restore hearing with more natural sound perception, since their theoretical frequency resolution power is much higher than that of cochlear implants. These biologically-based interventions also carry the potential to re-establish hearing without the need for implanting any prosthetic device; the convenience and lower financial burden afforded by such biologically-based interventions could potentially benefit far more SNHL patients. Recently major progress has been achieved in preclinical studies of cochlear gene therapy. This review critically evaluates recent advances in the preclinical trials of gene therapies for SNHL and the major remaining challenges for the development and eventual clinical translation of this novel therapy. The cochlea bears many similarities to the eye for translational studies of gene therapies. Experience gained in ocular gene therapy trials, many of which have advanced to clinical phase III, may provide valuable guidance in improving the chance of success for cochlear gene therapy in human trials. A discussion on potential implications of translational knowledge gleaned from large numbers of advanced clinical trials of ocular gene therapy is therefore included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sun Myoung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yong Feng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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Abstract
Drug delivery to the inner ear is an ideal method to treat a wide variety of otologic conditions. A broad range of potential applications is just beginning to be explored. New approaches combine principles of inner ear pharmacokinetics with emerging technologies of drug delivery including novel delivery systems, drug-device combinations, and new categories of drugs. Strategies include cell-specific targeting, manipulation of gene expression, local activation following systemic delivery, and use of stem cells, viral vectors, and gene editing systems. Translation of these therapies to the clinic remains challenging given the potential risks of intracochlear and intralabyrinthine trauma, our limited understanding of the etiologies of particular inner ear disorders, and paucity of accurate diagnostic tools at the cellular level. This review provides an overview of future methods, delivery systems, disease targets, and clinical considerations required for translation to clinical medicine.
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28
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Gao X, Tao Y, Lamas V, Huang M, Yeh WH, Pan B, Hu YJ, Hu JH, Thompson DB, Shu Y, Li Y, Wang H, Yang S, Xu Q, Polley DB, Liberman MC, Kong WJ, Holt JR, Chen ZY, Liu DR. Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents. Nature 2017; 553:217-221. [PMID: 29258297 PMCID: PMC5784267 DOI: 10.1038/nature25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genetic factors contribute to almost half of all deafness cases,
treatment options for genetic deafness are limited1–5. We developed a genome editing approach to target a
dominantly inherited form of genetic deafness. Here we show that cationic
lipid-mediated in vivo delivery of Cas9:guide RNA complexes can
ameliorate hearing loss in a mouse model of human genetic deafness. We designed
and validated in vitro and in primary fibroblasts genome
editing agents that preferentially disrupt the dominant deafness-associated
allele in the Tmc1 (transmembrane channel-like 1) Beethoven
(Bth) mouse model, even though the mutant
Bth allele differs from the wild-type allele at only a
single base pair. Injection of Cas9:guide RNA:lipid complexes targeting the
Bth allele into the cochlea of neonatal
Bth/+ mice substantially reduced progressive
hearing loss. We observed higher hair cell survival rates and lower auditory
brainstem response (ABR) thresholds in injected ears compared with uninjected
ears or ears injected with complexes that target an unrelated gene. Enhanced
acoustic reflex responses were observed among injected compared to uninjected
Bth/+ animals. These findings suggest protein:RNA
complex delivery of target gene-disrupting agents in vivo as a
potential strategy for the treatment of some autosomal dominant hearing loss
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Veronica Lamas
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Wei-Hsi Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Bifeng Pan
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Juan Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Johnny H Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - David B Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Science of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment of Beijing City, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Science of Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment of Beijing City, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA
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29
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Abstract
Gene therapy, or the treatment of human disease using genetic material, for inner ear dysfunction is coming of age. Recent progress in developing gene therapy treatments for genetic hearing loss has demonstrated tantalizing proof-of-principle in animal models. While successful translation of this progress into treatments for humans awaits, there is growing interest from patients, scientists, clinicians, and industry. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of hurdles remain, and expectations for total restoration of auditory function should remain tempered until these challenges have been overcome. Here, we review progress, prospects, and challenges for gene therapy in the inner ear. We focus on technical aspects, including routes of gene delivery to the inner ear, choice of vectors, promoters, inner ear targets, therapeutic strategies, preliminary success stories, and points to consider for translating of these successes to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Ahmed
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Shubina-Oleinik
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Emptoz A, Michel V, Lelli A, Akil O, Boutet de Monvel J, Lahlou G, Meyer A, Dupont T, Nouaille S, Ey E, Franca de Barros F, Beraneck M, Dulon D, Hardelin JP, Lustig L, Avan P, Petit C, Safieddine S. Local gene therapy durably restores vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1G. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9695-700. [PMID: 28835534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708894114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inherited forms of inner ear deficits has considerably improved during the past 20 y, but we are still far from curative treatments. We investigated gene replacement as a strategy for restoring inner ear functions in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1G, characterized by congenital profound deafness and balance disorders. These mice lack the scaffold protein sans, which is involved both in the morphogenesis of the stereociliary bundle, the sensory antenna of inner ear hair cells, and in the mechanoelectrical transduction process. We show that a single delivery of the sans cDNA by the adenoassociated virus 8 to the inner ear of newborn mutant mice reestablishes the expression and targeting of the protein to the tips of stereocilia. The therapeutic gene restores the architecture and mechanosensitivity of stereociliary bundles, improves hearing thresholds, and durably rescues these mice from the balance defects. Our results open up new perspectives for efficient gene therapy of cochlear and vestibular disorders by showing that even severe dysmorphogenesis of stereociliary bundles can be corrected.
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31
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Konerding WS, Janssen H, Hubka P, Tornøe J, Mistrik P, Wahlberg L, Lenarz T, Kral A, Scheper V. Encapsulated cell device approach for combined electrical stimulation and neurotrophic treatment of the deaf cochlea. Hear Res 2017; 350:110-21. [PMID: 28463804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Profound hearing impairment can be overcome by electrical stimulation (ES) of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) via a cochlear implant (CI). Thus, SGN survival is critical for CI efficacy. Application of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to reduce SGN degeneration following deafness. We tested a novel method for local, continuous GDNF-delivery in combination with ES via a CI. The encapsulated cell (EC) device contained a human ARPE-19 cell-line, genetically engineered for secretion of GDNF. In vitro, GDNF delivery was stable during ES delivered via a CI. In the chronic in vivo part, cats were systemically deafened and unilaterally implanted into the scala tympani with a CI and an EC device, which they wore for six months. The implantation of control devices (same cell-line not producing GDNF) had no negative effect on SGN survival. GDNF application without ES led to an unexpected reduction in SGN survival, however, the combination of GDNF with initial, short-term ES resulted in a significant protection of SGNs. A tight fibrous tissue formation in the scala tympani of the GDNF-only group is thought to be responsible for the increased SGN degeneration, due to mechanisms related to an aggravated foreign body response. Furthermore, the fibrotic encapsulation of the EC device led to cell death or cessation of GDNF release within the EC device during the six months in vivo. In both in vitro and in vivo, fibrosis was reduced by CI stimulation, enabling the neuroprotective effect of the combined treatment. Thus, fibrous tissue growth limits treatment possibilities with an EC device. For a stable and successful long-term neurotrophic treatment of the SGN via EC devices in human CI users, it would be necessary to make changes in the treatment approach (provision of anti-inflammatories), the EC device surface (reduced cell adhesion) and the ES (initiation prior to fibrosis formation).
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32
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György B, Sage C, Indzhykulian AA, Scheffer DI, Brisson AR, Tan S, Wu X, Volak A, Mu D, Tamvakologos PI, Li Y, Fitzpatrick Z, Ericsson M, Breakefield XO, Corey DP, Maguire CA. Rescue of Hearing by Gene Delivery to Inner-Ear Hair Cells Using Exosome-Associated AAV. Mol Ther 2017; 25:379-391. [PMID: 28082074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a safe and effective vector for gene therapy for retinal disorders. Gene therapy for hearing disorders is not as advanced, in part because gene delivery to sensory hair cells of the inner ear is inefficient. Although AAV transduces the inner hair cells of the mouse cochlea, outer hair cells remain refractory to transduction. Here, we demonstrate that a vector, exosome-associated AAV (exo-AAV), is a potent carrier of transgenes to all inner ear hair cells. Exo-AAV1-GFP is more efficient than conventional AAV1-GFP, both in mouse cochlear explants in vitro and with direct cochlear injection in vivo. Exo-AAV shows no toxicity in vivo, as assayed by tests of auditory and vestibular function. Finally, exo-AAV1 gene therapy partially rescues hearing in a mouse model of hereditary deafness (lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5/tetraspan membrane protein of hair cell stereocilia [Lhfpl5/Tmhs-/-]). Exo-AAV is a powerful gene delivery system for hair cell research and may be useful for gene therapy for deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence György
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Cyrille Sage
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah I Scheffer
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alain R Brisson
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sisareuth Tan
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adrienn Volak
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dakai Mu
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Panos I Tamvakologos
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - David P Corey
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and NeuroDiscovery Center, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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33
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Taruno A, Kashio M, Sun H, Kobayashi K, Sano H, Nambu A, Marunaka Y. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer into Taste Cells In Vivo. Chem Senses 2016; 42:69-78. [PMID: 27940927 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is achieved by cooperation of many signaling molecules expressed in taste cells, which code and transmit information on quality and intensity of taste to the nervous system. Viral vector-mediated gene transfer techniques have been proven to be useful to study and control function of a gene product in vivo However, there is no transduction method for taste cells in live animals. Here, we have established a method for inducing foreign gene expression in mouse taste cells in vivo by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. First, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter, we screened 6 AAV serotypes along with a recombinant lentivirus vector for their ability to transduce taste cells. One week after viral injection into the submucosa of the tongue, EGFP expression in fungiform taste cells was observed only in animals injected with AAV-DJ, a synthetic serotype. Next, time course of AAV-DJ-mediated EGFP expression in fungiform taste cells was evaluated. Intragemmal EGFP signals appeared after a delay, rapidly increased until 7 days postinjection, and gradually decreased over the next few weeks probably because of the cell turnover. Finally, the taste cell types susceptible to AAV-DJ transduction were characterized. EGFP expression was observed in PLCβ2-immunoreactive type II and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-immunoreactive type III taste cells as well as in cells immunonegative for both PLCβ2 and AADC, demonstrating that AAV-DJ does not discriminate functional taste cell types. In conclusion, the method established in this study will be a promising tool to study the mechanism of taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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34
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Chang Q, Wang J, Li Q, Kim Y, Zhou B, Wang Y, Li H, Lin X. Virally mediated Kcnq1 gene replacement therapy in the immature scala media restores hearing in a mouse model of human Jervell and Lange-Nielsen deafness syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1077-86. [PMID: 26084842 PMCID: PMC4551345 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the potassium channel subunit KCNQ1 cause the human severe congenital deafness Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (JLN) syndrome. We applied a gene therapy approach in a mouse model of JLN syndrome (Kcnq1(-/-) mice) to prevent the development of deafness in the adult stage. A modified adeno-associated virus construct carrying a Kcnq1 expression cassette was injected postnatally (P0-P2) into the endolymph, which resulted in Kcnq1 expression in most cochlear marginal cells where native Kcnq1 is exclusively expressed. We also found that extensive ectopic virally mediated Kcnq1 transgene expression did not affect normal cochlear functions. Examination of cochlear morphology showed that the collapse of the Reissner's membrane and degeneration of hair cells (HCs) and cells in the spiral ganglia were corrected in Kcnq1(-/-) mice. Electrophysiological tests showed normal endocochlear potential in treated ears. In addition, auditory brainstem responses showed significant hearing preservation in the injected ears, ranging from 20 dB improvement to complete correction of the deafness phenotype. Our results demonstrate the first successful gene therapy treatment for gene defects specifically affecting the function of the stria vascularis, which is a major site affected by genetic mutations in inherited hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeunjung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binfei Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA. Targeted delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for the treatment of blindness and deafness. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3245-67. [PMID: 25995632 PMCID: PMC4425321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood–retinal barrier and blood–cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood–brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khalin
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Scientific Centre for Expertise of Medical Application Products, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna Kocherga
- Ophthalmic Microsurgery Department, International Medical Center Oftalmika, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Muhamad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Iizuka T, Kamiya K, Gotoh S, Sugitani Y, Suzuki M, Noda T, Minowa O, Ikeda K. Perinatal Gjb2 gene transfer rescues hearing in a mouse model of hereditary deafness. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3651-61. [PMID: 25801282 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most widespread sensory disorder, with an incidence of congenital genetic deafness of 1 in 1600 children. For many ethnic populations, the most prevalent form of genetic deafness is caused by recessive mutations in the gene gap junction protein, beta 2, 26 kDa (GJB2), which is also known as connexin 26 (Cx26). Despite this knowledge, existing treatment strategies do not completely recover speech perception. Here we used a gene delivery system to rescue hearing in a mouse model of Gjb2 deletion. Mice lacking Cx26 are characterized by profound deafness from birth and improper development of cochlear cells. Cochlear delivery of Gjb2 using an adeno-associated virus significantly improved the auditory responses and development of the cochlear structure. Using gene replacement to restore hearing in a new mouse model of Gjb2-related deafness may lead to the development of therapies for human hereditary deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazusaku Kamiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoru Gotoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sugitani
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara 299-0111, Japan and
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan, Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Osamu Minowa
- Department of Cell Biology, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan, Team for Advanced Development and Evaluation of Human Disease Models, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan,
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37
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people in the United States alone. No drug-based therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and treatment mostly relies on devices such as hearing aids and cochlear implants. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Barr-Gillespie
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &Science University, 3181 South West Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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38
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Abstract
Electrical cochlear implants are by far the most successful neuroprostheses and have been implanted in over 300,000 people worldwide. Cochlear implants enable open speech comprehension in most patients but are limited in providing music appreciation and speech understanding in noisy environments. This is generally considered to be due to low frequency resolution as a consequence of wide current spread from stimulation contacts. Accordingly, the number of independently usable stimulation channels is limited to less than a dozen. As light can be conveniently focused, optical stimulation might provide an alternative approach to cochlear implants with increased number of independent stimulation channels. Here, we focus on summarizing recent work on optogenetic stimulation as one way to develop optical cochlear implants. We conclude that proof of principle has been presented for optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea and central auditory neurons in rodents as well as for the technical realization of flexible μLED-based multichannel cochlear implants. Still, much remains to be done in order to advance the technique for auditory research and even more for eventual clinical translation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Lasker Award>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jeschke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Auditory Neuroscience Group, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Auditory Neuroscience Group, German Primate Center, Goettingen, Germany; Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany; Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Goettingen Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans, with some estimates suggesting up to 300 million affected individuals worldwide. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to hearing loss and can cause death of sensory cells and neurons. Because these cells do not regenerate, the damage tends to accumulate, leading to profound deafness. Several biological strategies to restore auditory function are currently under investigation. Owing to the success of cochlear implants, which offer partial recovery of auditory function for some profoundly deaf patients, potential biological therapies must extend hearing restoration to include greater auditory acuity and larger patient populations. Here, we review the latest gene, stem-cell, and molecular strategies for restoring auditory function in animal models and the prospects for translating these approaches into viable clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle S G Géléoc
- Department of Otolaryngology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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40
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Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans and can result from genetic, environmental or combined etiologies that prevent normal function of the cochlea, the peripheral sensory organ. Recent advances in understanding the genetic pathways that are critical for the development and maintenance of cochlear function, as well as the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell trauma and death, have provided exciting opportunities for modulating these pathways to correct genetic mutations, to enhance the endogenous protective pathways for hearing preservation and to regenerate lost sensory cells with the possibility of ameliorating hearing loss. A number of recent animal studies have used gene-based therapies in innovative ways toward realizing these goals. With further refinement, some of the protective and regenerative approaches reviewed here may become clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Kohrman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yu Q, Wang Y, Chang Q, Wang J, Gong S, Li H, Lin X. Virally expressed connexin26 restores gap junction function in the cochlea of conditional Gjb2 knockout mice. Gene Ther 2013; 21:71-80. [PMID: 24225640 PMCID: PMC3881370 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in GJB2, which codes for the gap junction protein connexin26, are the most common causes of human nonsyndromic hereditary deafness. We inoculated modified adeno-associated viral vectors into the scala media of early postnatal conditional Gjb2 knockout mice to drive exogenous connexin26 expression. We found extensive virally-expressed connexin26 in cells lining the scala media, and intercellular gap junction network was re-established in the organ of Corti of mutant mouse cochlea. Widespread ectopic connexin26 expression neither formed ectopic gap junctions nor affected normal hearing thresholds in wild type mice, suggesting that autonomous cellular mechanisms regulate proper membrane trafficking of exogenously-expressed connexin26 and govern the functional manifestation of them. Functional recovery of gap-junction-mediated coupling among the supporting cells was observed. We found that both cell death in the organ of Corti and degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea of mutant mice were substantially reduced, although auditory brainstem responses did not show significant hearing improvement. This is the first report demonstrating that virally-mediated gene therapy restored extensive gap junction intercellular network among cochlear non-sensory cells in vivo. Such a treatment performed at early postnatal stages resulted in a partial rescue of disease phenotypes in the cochlea of the mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yu
- 1] Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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42
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Liu H, Chen S, Zhou Y, Che X, Bao Z, Li S, Xu J. The effect of surface charge of glycerol monooleate-based nanoparticles on the round window membrane permeability and cochlear distribution. J Drug Target 2013; 21:846-54. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.829075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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43
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Jiang H, Wang L, Beier KT, Cepko CL, Fekete DM, Brigande JV. Lineage analysis of the late otocyst stage mouse inner ear by transuterine microinjection of a retroviral vector encoding alkaline phosphatase and an oligonucleotide library. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69314. [PMID: 23935981 PMCID: PMC3723842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian inner ear subserves the special senses of hearing and balance. The auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia consist of mechanically sensitive hair cells and associated supporting cells. Hearing loss and balance dysfunction are most frequently caused by compromise of hair cells and/or their innervating neurons. The development of gene- and cell-based therapeutics will benefit from a thorough understanding of the molecular basis of patterning and cell fate specification in the mammalian inner ear. This includes analyses of cell lineages and cell dispersals across anatomical boundaries (such as sensory versus nonsensory territories). The goal of this study was to conduct retroviral lineage analysis of the embryonic day 11.5(E11.5) mouse otic vesicle. A replication-defective retrovirus encoding human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and a variable 24-bp oligonucleotide tag was microinjected into the E11.5 mouse otocyst. PLAP-positive cells were microdissected from cryostat sections of the postnatal inner ear and subjected to nested PCR. PLAP-positive cells sharing the same sequence tag were assumed to have arisen from a common progenitor and are clonally related. Thirty five multicellular clones consisting of an average of 3.4 cells per clone were identified in the auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia, ganglia, spiral limbus, and stria vascularis. Vestibular hair cells in the posterior crista were related to one another, their supporting cells, and nonsensory epithelial cells lining the ampulla. In the organ of Corti, outer hair cells were related to a supporting cell type and were tightly clustered. By contrast, spiral ganglion neurons, interdental cells, and Claudius' cells were related to cells of the same type and could be dispersed over hundreds of microns. These data contribute new information about the developmental potential of mammalian otic precursors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Beier
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Constance L. Cepko
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Fekete
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John V. Brigande
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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