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Giehl RFH, Flis P, Fuchs J, Gao Y, Salt DE, von Wirén N. Cell type-specific mapping of ion distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3351. [PMID: 37311779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific mapping of element distribution is critical to fully understand how roots partition nutrients and toxic elements with aboveground parts. In this study, we developed a method that combines fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the ionome of different cell populations within Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The method reveals that most elements exhibit a radial concentration gradient increasing from the rhizodermis to inner cell layers, and detected previously unknown ionomic changes resulting from perturbed xylem loading processes. With this approach, we also identify a strong accumulation of manganese in trichoblasts of iron-deficient roots. We demonstrate that confining manganese sequestration in trichoblasts but not in endodermal cells efficiently retains manganese in roots, therefore preventing toxicity in shoots. These results indicate the existence of cell type-specific constraints for efficient metal sequestration in roots. Thus, our approach opens an avenue to investigate element compartmentation and transport pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F H Giehl
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - Paulina Flis
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Yiqun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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2
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Zhong M, Yue L, Qin H, Wang G, Xiao L, Cheng Q, Lei B, Huang R, Yang X, Kang Y. TGase-induced Cd tolerance by boosting polyamine, nitric oxide, cell wall composition and phytochelatin synthesis in tomato. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 259:115023. [PMID: 37201425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In highly intensive greenhouse vegetable production, soil acidification was caused by excessive fertilization, increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the vegetables, which bears environmental hazards and is a negative influence on vegetables and humans. Transglutaminases (TGases), a central mediator for certain physiological effects of polyamines (PAs) in the plant kingdom, play important roles in plant development and stress response. Despite increased research on the crucial role of TGase in protecting against environmental stresses, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of Cd tolerance. In this study, we found, TGase activity and transcript level, which was upregulated by Cd, and TGase-induced Cd tolerance related to endogenous bound PAs increase and formation of nitric oxide (NO). Plant growth of tgase mutants was hypersensitive to Cd, chemical complementation by putrescine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) or gain of function TGase experiments restore Cd tolerance. α-diflouromethylornithine (DFMO, a selective ODC inhibitor) and 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, NO scavenger), were respectively found declined drastically endogenous bound PA and NO content in TGase overexpression plants. Likewise, we reported that TGase interacted with polyamine uptake protein 3 (Put3), and the silencing of Put3 largely reduced TGase-induced Cd tolerance and bound PAs formation. This salvage strategy depends on TGase-regulated synthesis of bound PAs and NO that is able to positively increase the concentration of thiol and phytochelatins, elevate Cd in the cell wall, as well as induce the levels of expression Cd uptake and transport genes. Collectively, these findings indicate that TGase-mediated enhanced levels of bound PA and NO acts as a vital mechanism to protect the plant from Cd-caused toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Guohu Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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3
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Baud S, Corso M, Debeaujon I, Dubreucq B, Job D, Marion-Poll A, Miquel M, North H, Rajjou L, Lepiniec L. Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. C R Biol 2023; 345:61-110. [PMID: 36847120 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled "Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.
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4
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Chao Z, Chen Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Huang X, Zhang C, Yang J, Song T, Wu J, Guo L, Liu C, Han M, Wu Y, Yan J, Chao D. A genome-wide association study identifies a transporter for zinc uploading to maize kernels. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55542. [PMID: 36394374 PMCID: PMC9827554 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zn content in cereal seeds is an important trait for crop production as well as for human health. However, little is known about how Zn is loaded to plant seeds. Here, through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identify the Zn-NA (nicotianamine) transporter gene ZmYSL2 that is responsible for loading Zn to maize kernels. High promoter sequence variation in ZmYSL2 most likely drives the natural variation in Zn concentrations in maize kernels. ZmYSL2 is specifically localized on the plasma membrane facing the maternal tissue of the basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL) and functions in loading Zn-NA into the BETL. Overexpression of ZmYSL2 increases the Zn concentration in the kernels by 31.6%, which achieves the goal of Zn biofortification of maize. These findings resolve the mystery underlying the loading of Zn into plant seeds, providing an efficient strategy for breeding or engineering maize varieties with enriched Zn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Fei Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ya‐Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chu‐Ying Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science, Henan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life ScienceAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia‐Chen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liang‐Xing Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chu‐Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mei‐Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Rui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Dai‐Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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5
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Stéger A, Hayashi M, Lauritzen EW, Herburger K, Shabala L, Wang C, Bendtsen AK, Nørrevang AF, Madriz-Ordeñana K, Ren S, Trinh MDL, Thordal-Christensen H, Fuglsang AT, Shabala S, Østerberg JT, Palmgren M. The evolution of plant proton pump regulation via the R domain may have facilitated plant terrestrialization. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1312. [PMID: 36446861 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases are the electrogenic proton pumps that export H+ from plant and fungal cells to acidify the surroundings and generate a membrane potential. Plant PM H+-ATPases are equipped with a C‑terminal autoinhibitory regulatory (R) domain of about 100 amino acid residues, which could not be identified in the PM H+-ATPases of green algae but appeared fully developed in immediate streptophyte algal predecessors of land plants. To explore the physiological significance of this domain, we created in vivo C-terminal truncations of autoinhibited PM H+‑ATPase2 (AHA2), one of the two major isoforms in the land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. As more residues were deleted, the mutant plants became progressively more efficient in proton extrusion, concomitant with increased expansion growth and nutrient uptake. However, as the hyperactivated AHA2 also contributed to stomatal pore opening, which provides an exit pathway for water and an entrance pathway for pests, the mutant plants were more susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, pathogen invasion and water loss, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that pump regulation through the R domain is crucial for land plant fitness and by controlling growth and nutrient uptake might have been necessary already for the successful water-to-land transition of plants.
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6
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Wairich A, Ricachenevsky FK, Lee S. A tale of two metals: Biofortification of rice grains with iron and zinc. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:944624. [PMID: 36420033 PMCID: PMC9677123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients needed by virtually all living organisms, including plants and humans, for proper growth and development. Due to its capacity to easily exchange electrons, Fe is important for electron transport in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Fe is also necessary for chlorophyll synthesis. Zn is a cofactor for several proteins, including Zn-finger transcription factors and redox metabolism enzymes such as copper/Zn superoxide dismutases. In humans, Fe participates in oxygen transport, electron transport, and cell division whereas Zn is involved in nucleic acid metabolism, apoptosis, immunity, and reproduction. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple food crops, feeding over half of the world's population. However, Fe and Zn concentrations are low in rice grains, especially in the endosperm, which is consumed as white rice. Populations relying heavily on rice and other cereals are prone to Fe and Zn deficiency. One of the most cost-effective solutions to this problem is biofortification, which increases the nutritional value of crops, mainly in their edible organs, without yield reductions. In recent years, several approaches were applied to enhance the accumulation of Fe and Zn in rice seeds, especially in the endosperm. Here, we summarize these attempts involving transgenics and mutant lines, which resulted in Fe and/or Zn biofortification in rice grains. We review rice plant manipulations using ferritin genes, metal transporters, changes in the nicotianamine/phytosiderophore pathway (including biosynthetic genes and transporters), regulators of Fe deficiency responses, and other mutants/overexpressing lines used in gene characterization that resulted in Fe/Zn concentration changes in seeds. This review also discusses research gaps and proposes possible future directions that could be important to increase the concentration and bioavailability of Fe and Zn in rice seeds without the accumulation of deleterious elements. We also emphasize the need for a better understanding of metal homeostasis in rice, the importance of evaluating yield components of plants containing transgenes/mutations under field conditions, and the potential of identifying genes that can be manipulated by gene editing and other nontransgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriele Wairich
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sichul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, South Korea
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7
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Amini S, Arsova B, Hanikenne M. The molecular basis of zinc homeostasis in cereals. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1339-1361. [PMID: 35037265 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants require zinc (Zn) as an essential cofactor for diverse molecular, cellular and physiological functions. Zn is crucial for crop yield, but is one of the most limiting micronutrients in soils. Grasses like rice, wheat, maize and barley are crucial sources of food and nutrients for humans. Zn deficiency in these species therefore not only reduces annual yield but also directly results in Zn malnutrition of more than two billion people in the world. There has been good progress in understanding Zn homeostasis and Zn deficiency mechanisms in plants. However, our current knowledge of monocots, including grasses, remains insufficient. In this review, we provide a summary of our knowledge of molecular Zn homeostasis mechanisms in monocots, with a focus on important cereal crops. We additionally highlight divergences in Zn homeostasis of monocots and the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as important gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed in future research on Zn homeostasis in cereal monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Amini
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Root Dynamics Group, IBG-2 - Plant Sciences, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG), Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Thiébaut N, Hanikenne M. Zinc deficiency responses: bridging the gap between Arabidopsis and dicotyledonous crops. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:1699-1716. [PMID: 34791143 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a widespread phenomenon in agricultural soils worldwide and has a major impact on crop yield and quality, and hence on human nutrition and health. Although dicotyledonous crops represent >30% of human plant-based nutrition, relatively few efforts have been dedicated to the investigation of Zn deficiency response mechanisms in dicotyledonous, in contrast to monocotyledonous crops, such as rice or barley. Here, we describe the Zn requirement and impact of Zn deficiency in several economically important dicotyledonous crops, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max, Brassica oleracea, and Solanum lycopersicum. We briefly review our current knowledge of the Zn deficiency response in Arabidopsis and outline how this knowledge is translated in dicotyledonous crops. We highlight commonalities and differences between dicotyledonous species (and with monocotyledonous species) regarding the function and regulation of Zn transporters and chelators, as well as the Zn-sensing mechanisms and the role of hormones in the Zn deficiency response. Moreover, we show how the Zn homeostatic network intimately interacts with other nutrients, such as iron or phosphate. Finally, we outline how variation in Zn deficiency tolerance and Zn use efficiency among cultivars of dicotyledonous species can be leveraged for the design of Zn biofortification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Thiébaut
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Translational Plant Biology, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Assunção AGL, Cakmak I, Clemens S, González-Guerrero M, Nawrocki A, Thomine S. Micronutrient homeostasis in plants for more sustainable agriculture and healthier human nutrition. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:1789-1799. [PMID: 35134869 PMCID: PMC8921004 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The provision of sustainable, sufficient, and nutritious food to the growing population is a major challenge for agriculture and the plant research community. In this respect, the mineral micronutrient content of food crops deserves particular attention. Micronutrient deficiencies in cultivated soils and plants are a global problem that adversely affects crop production and plant nutritional value, as well as human health and well-being. In this review, we call for awareness of the importance and relevance of micronutrients in crop production and quality. We stress the need for better micronutrient nutrition in human populations, not only in developing but also in developed nations, and describe strategies to identify and characterize new varieties with high micronutrient content. Furthermore, we explain how adequate nutrition of plants with micronutrients impacts metabolic functions and the capacity of plants to express tolerance mechanisms against abiotic and biotic constraints. Finally, we provide a brief overview and a critical discussion on current knowledge, future challenges, and specific technological needs for research on plant micronutrient homeostasis. Research in this area is expected to foster the sustainable development of nutritious and healthy food crops for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ismail Cakmak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology and Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
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10
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Beasley JT, Bonneau JP, Moreno-Moyano LT, Callahan DL, Howell KS, Tako E, Taylor J, Glahn RP, Appels R, Johnson AAT. Multi-year field evaluation of nicotianamine biofortified bread wheat. Plant J 2022; 109:1168-1182. [PMID: 34902177 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional breeding efforts for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been hindered by a lack of genetic variation for these traits and a negative correlation between grain Fe and Zn concentrations and yield. We have employed genetic engineering to constitutively express (CE) the rice (Oryza sativa) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene and upregulate biosynthesis of two metal chelators - nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) - in bread wheat, resulting in increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wholemeal and white flour. Here we describe multi-location confined field trial (CFT) evaluation of a low-copy transgenic CE-OsNAS2 wheat event (CE-1) over 3 years and demonstrate higher concentrations of NA, DMA, Fe, and Zn in CE-1 wholemeal flour, white flour, and white bread and higher Fe bioavailability in CE-1 white flour relative to a null segregant (NS) control. Multi-environment models of agronomic and grain nutrition traits revealed a negative correlation between grain yield and grain Fe, Zn, and total protein concentrations, yet no correlation between grain yield and grain NA and DMA concentrations. White flour Fe bioavailability was positively correlated with white flour NA concentration, suggesting that NA-chelated Fe should be targeted in wheat Fe biofortification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Beasley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Julien P Bonneau
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura T Moreno-Moyano
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Kate S Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Julian Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Raymond P Glahn
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rudi Appels
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander A T Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Escudero V, Ferreira Sánchez D, Abreu I, Sopeña-Torres S, Makarovsky-Saavedra N, Bernal M, Krämer U, Grolimund D, González-Guerrero M, Jordá L. Arabidopsis thaliana Zn2+-efflux ATPases HMA2 and HMA4 are required for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:339-350. [PMID: 34463334 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential nutrient at low concentrations, but toxic at slightly higher ones. It has been proposed that hyperaccumulator plants may use the excess zinc to fend off pathogens and herbivores. However, there is little evidence of a similar response in other plants. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana leaves inoculated with the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM) accumulate zinc and manganese at the infection site. Zinc accumulation did not occur in a double mutant in the zinc transporters HEAVY METAL ATPASE2 and HEAVY METAL ATPASE4 (HMA2 and HMA4), which has reduced zinc translocation from roots to shoots. Consistent with a role in plant immunity, expression of HMA2 and HMA4 was up-regulated upon PcBMM inoculation, and hma2hma4 mutants were more susceptible to PcBMM infection. This phenotype was rescued upon zinc supplementation. The increased susceptibility to PcBMM infection was not due to the diminished expression of genes involved in the salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate pathways since they were constitutively up-regulated in hma2hma4 plants. Our data indicate a role of zinc in resistance to PcBMM in plants containing ordinary levels of zinc. This layer of immunity runs in parallel to the already characterized defence pathways, and its removal has a direct effect on resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Darío Ferreira Sánchez
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Swiss Light Source, microXAS Beamline Project, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sara Sopeña-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Natalia Makarovsky-Saavedra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - María Bernal
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants. Ruhr University Bochum. Universitätstrasse, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants. Ruhr University Bochum. Universitätstrasse, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Swiss Light Source, microXAS Beamline Project, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223. Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Stanton C, Sanders D, Krämer U, Podar D. Zinc in plants: Integrating homeostasis and biofortification. Mol Plant 2022; 15:65-85. [PMID: 34952215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plays many essential roles in life. As a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under environmental and cellular conditions, the Zn2+ cation is central in determining protein structure and catalytic function of nearly 10% of most eukaryotic proteomes. While specific functions of zinc have been elucidated at a molecular level in a number of plant proteins, wider issues abound with respect to the acquisition and distribution of zinc by plants. An important challenge is to understand how plants balance between Zn supply in soil and their own nutritional requirement for zinc, particularly where edaphic factors lead to a lack of bioavailable zinc or, conversely, an excess of zinc that bears a major risk of phytotoxicity. Plants are the ultimate source of zinc in the human diet, and human Zn deficiency accounts for over 400 000 deaths annually. Here, we review the current understanding of zinc homeostasis in plants from the molecular and physiological perspectives. We provide an overview of approaches pursued so far in Zn biofortification of crops. Finally, we outline a "push-pull" model of zinc nutrition in plants as a simplifying concept. In summary, this review discusses avenues that can potentially deliver wider benefits for both plant and human Zn nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale Sanders
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dorina Podar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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13
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Spielmann J, Detry N, Thiébaut N, Jadoul A, Schloesser M, Motte P, Périlleux C, Hanikenne M. ZRT-IRT-Like PROTEIN 6 expression perturbs local ion homeostasis in flowers and leads to anther indehiscence and male sterility. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:206-219. [PMID: 34628686 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metallic micronutrients are essential throughout the plant life cycle. Maintaining metal homeostasis in plant tissues requires a highly complex and finely tuned network controlling metal uptake, transport, distribution and storage. Zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulation, such as observed in the model plant Arabidopsis halleri, represents an extreme evolution of this network. Here, non-ectopic overexpression of the A. halleri ZIP6 (AhZIP6) gene, encoding a zinc and cadmium influx transporter, in Arabidopsis thaliana enabled examining the importance of zinc for flower development and reproduction. We show that AhZIP6 expression in flowers leads to male sterility resulting from anther indehiscence in a dose-dependent manner. The sterility phenotype is associated to delayed tapetum degradation and endothecium collapse, as well as increased magnesium and potassium accumulation and higher expression of the MHX gene in stamens. It is rescued by the co-expression of the zinc efflux transporter AhHMA4, linking the sterility phenotype to zinc homeostasis. Altogether, our results confirm that AhZIP6 is able to transport zinc in planta and highlight the importance of fine-tuning zinc homeostasis in reproductive organs. The study illustrates how the characterization of metal hyperaccumulation mechanisms can reveal key nodes and processes in the metal homeostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Spielmann
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Detry
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie Schloesser
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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14
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Höller S, Küpper H, Brückner D, Garrevoet J, Spiers K, Falkenberg G, Andresen E, Peiter E. Overexpression of METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 reveals new aspects of metal transport in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:23-29. [PMID: 34546650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN8 (MTP8) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of the CATION DIFFUSION FACILITATOR (CDF) family of proteins that transports primarily manganese (Mn), but also iron (Fe). MTP8 mediates Mn allocation to specific cell types in the developing embryo, and Fe re-allocation as well as Mn tolerance during imbibition. We analysed if an overexpression of MTP8 driven by the CaMV 35S promoter has an effect on Mn tolerance during imbibition and on Mn and Fe storage in seeds, which would render it a biofortification target. Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in MTP8-overexpressing lines in wild type and vit1-1 backgrounds were analysed by ICP-MS. Distribution of metals in intact seeds was determined by synchrotron µXRF tomography. MTP8 overexpression led to a strongly increased Mn tolerance of seeds during imbibition, supporting its effectiveness in loading excess Mn into the vacuole. In mature seeds, MTP8 overexpression did not cause a consistent increase in Mn and Fe accumulation, and it did not change the allocation pattern of these metals. Zn concentrations were consistently increased in bulk samples. The results demonstrate that Mn and Fe allocation is not determined primarily by the MTP8 expression pattern, suggesting either a cell type-specific provision of metals for vacuolar sequestration by upstream transport processes, or the determination of MTP8 activity by post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Höller
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H Küpper
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Spiers
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Andresen
- Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics & Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - E Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Nag A, Gupta K, Dubey N, Mishra SK, Panigrahi J. Genomic characterization of ZIP genes in pigeonpea ( CcZIP) and their expression analysis among the genotypes with contrasting host response to pod borer. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:2787-2804. [PMID: 35035136 PMCID: PMC8720128 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Zinc (Zn) is a vital micronutrient from the perspective of biofortification and biotic stress endurance in pigeonpea. The ZIP transporters with domain (Pfam: PF02535) regulate uptake and transport of metal ions, including Zn, in consonance with plant metal homeostasis. Genome-wide analysis in pigeonpea identified 19 non-redundant members of ZIP family (CcZIP) that were analyzed for gene structure, conserved motifs and homology besides other structural and biochemical parameters. Intra-specific as well as the inter-specific phylogenetic relationships of these 19 CcZIPs were elucidated by comparison with ZIP proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max. In addition to gene structure, the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the promoter region were also identified. It revealed several stress responsive CREs that might be regulatory for differential expression of CcZIP proteins. Expression analysis showed that both CcZIP3 and CcZIP15, having zinc deficiency responsive element, up-regulated in the reproductive leaf tissues and down-regulated in matured green pods of the pod borer resistant genotypes with higher zinc content. Alternately, the expression of CcZIP6 and CcZIP13 was higher in matured green pods than reproductive leaves of the resistant genotypes. These findings on differential expression indicate the possible role of these CcZIPs on the mobilization of Zn from leaves to pods, phloem loading and unloading, and higher accumulation of seed zinc in pod borer resistant genotypes used in this study. Further functional characterization of CcZIP genes could shed light on their role in bio-fortification and genetic improvement to inhibit the pod borer herbivory in pigeonpea. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01111-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Nag
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti vihar, Odisha 768019 India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sidhharth University, Kapilvastu, Siddharth Nagar, UP 272202 India
| | - Neeraj Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817 India
| | - Sujit K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti vihar, Odisha 768019 India
- Department of Zoology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, R. Sitapur, Odisha India
| | - Jogeswar Panigrahi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007 India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti vihar, Odisha 768019 India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817 India
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16
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Lee S, Lee J, Ricachenevsky FK, Punshon T, Tappero R, Salt DE, Guerinot ML. Redundant roles of four ZIP family members in zinc homeostasis and seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2021; 108:1162-1173. [PMID: 34559918 PMCID: PMC8613002 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is essential for normal plant growth and development. The Zn-regulated transporter, iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) family members are involved in Zn transport and cellular Zn homeostasis throughout the domains of life. In this study, we have characterized four ZIP transporters from Arabidopsis thaliana (IRT3, ZIP4, ZIP6, and ZIP9) to better understand their functional roles. The four ZIP proteins can restore the growth defect of a yeast Zn uptake mutant and are upregulated under Zn deficiency. Single and double mutants show no phenotypes under Zn-sufficient or Zn-limited growth conditions. In contrast, triple and quadruple mutants show impaired growth irrespective of external Zn supply due to reduced Zn translocation from root to shoot. All four ZIP genes are highly expressed during seed development, and siliques from all single and higher-order mutants exhibited an increased number of abnormal seeds and decreased Zn levels in mature seeds relative to wild type. The seed phenotypes could be reversed by supplementing the soil with Zn. Our data demonstrate that IRT3, ZIP4, ZIP6, and ZIP9 function redundantly in maintaining Zn homeostasis and seed development in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Korea
| | - Joohyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215306, China
| | - Felipe K. Ricachenevsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
- Botany Department, Biosciences Institute; and Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | | | - David E. Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mary Lou Guerinot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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17
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Bae H. Ionomic Approaches for Discovery of Novel Stress-Resilient Genes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7182. [PMID: 34281232 PMCID: PMC8267685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, face an array of biotic and abiotic stresses in their lifespan that endanger their survival. Hence, optimized uptake of mineral nutrients creates potential new routes for enhancing plant health and stress resilience. Recently, minerals (both essential and non-essential) have been identified as key players in plant stress biology, owing to their multifaceted functions. However, a realistic understanding of the relationship between different ions and stresses is lacking. In this context, ionomics will provide new platforms for not only understanding the function of the plant ionome during stresses but also identifying the genes and regulatory pathways related to mineral accumulation, transportation, and involvement in different molecular mechanisms under normal or stress conditions. This article provides a general overview of ionomics and the integration of high-throughput ionomic approaches with other "omics" tools. Integrated omics analysis is highly suitable for identification of the genes for various traits that confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, ionomics advances being used to identify loci using qualitative trait loci and genome-wide association analysis of element uptake and transport within plant tissues, as well as genetic variation within species, are discussed. Furthermore, recent developments in ionomics for the discovery of stress-tolerant genes in plants have also been addressed; these can be used to produce more robust crops with a high nutritional value for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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18
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Ricachenevsky FK, Punshon T, Salt DE, Fett JP, Guerinot ML. Arabidopsis thaliana zinc accumulation in leaf trichomes is correlated with zinc concentration in leaves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5278. [PMID: 33674630 PMCID: PMC7935932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient for plants and animals, and understanding Zn homeostasis in plants can improve both agriculture and human health. While root Zn transporters in plant model species have been characterized in detail, comparatively little is known about shoot processes controlling Zn concentrations and spatial distribution. Previous work showed that Zn hyperaccumulator species such as Arabidopsis halleri accumulate Zn and other metals in leaf trichomes. To date there is no systematic study regarding Zn accumulation in the trichomes of the non-accumulating, genetic model species A. thaliana. Here, we used Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence mapping to show that Zn accumulates at the base of trichomes of A. thaliana. Using transgenic and natural accessions of A thaliana that vary in bulk leaf Zn concentration, we demonstrate that higher leaf Zn increases total Zn found at the base of trichome cells. Our data indicates that Zn accumulation in trichomes is a function of the Zn status of the plant, and provides the basis for future studies on a genetically tractable plant species to understand the molecular steps involved in Zn spatial distribution in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe K Ricachenevsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Center, Dartmouth College, 78 College St, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Center, Dartmouth College, 78 College St, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and the School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Janette P Fett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil
| | - Mary Lou Guerinot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Center, Dartmouth College, 78 College St, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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19
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Lilay GH, Persson DP, Castro PH, Liao F, Alexander RD, Aarts MGM, Assunção AGL. Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 act as zinc sensors to control plant zinc status. Nat Plants 2021; 7:137-143. [PMID: 33594269 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals owing to its structural and catalytic roles in many proteins1. Zn deficiency affects around 2 billion people, mainly those who live on plant-based diets relying on crops from Zn-deficient soils2,3. Plants maintain adequate Zn levels through tightly regulated Zn homeostasis mechanisms involving Zn uptake, distribution and storage4, but evidence of how they sense Zn status is lacking. Here, we use in vitro and in planta approaches to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana F-group bZIP transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23, which are the central regulators of the Zn deficiency response, function as Zn sensors by binding Zn2+ ions to a Zn-sensor motif. Deletions or modifications of this Zn-sensor motif disrupt Zn binding, leading to a constitutive transcriptional Zn deficiency response, which causes a significant increase in plant and seed Zn accumulation. As the Zn-sensor motif is highly conserved in F-group bZIP proteins across land plants, the identification of this plant Zn sensor will promote new strategies to improve the Zn nutritional quality of plant-derived food and feed, and contribute to tackling the global Zn-deficiency health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay H Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Feixue Liao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ross D Alexander
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geosciences, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
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20
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Babst‐Kostecka A, Przybyłowicz WJ, Seget B, Mesjasz‐Przybyłowicz J. Zinc allocation to and within Arabidopsis halleri seeds: Different strategies of metal homeostasis in accessions under divergent selection pressure. Plant Environ Interact 2020; 1:207-220. [PMID: 37284210 PMCID: PMC10168052 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative tissues of metal(loid)-hyperaccumulating plants are widely used to study plant metal homeostasis and adaptation to metalliferous soils, but little is known about these mechanisms in their seeds. We explored essential element allocation to Arabidopsis halleri seeds, a species that faces a particular trade-off between meeting nutrient requirements and minimizing toxicity risks.Combining advanced elemental mapping (micro-particle induced X-ray emission) with chemical analyses of plant and soil material, we investigated natural variation in Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds from non-metalliferous and metalliferous locations. We also assessed the tissue-level distribution and concentration of other nutrients to identify possible disorders in seed homeostasis.Unexpectedly, the highest Zn concentration was found in seeds of a non-metalliferous lowland location, whereas concentrations were relatively low in all other seed samples-including metallicolous ones. The abundance of other nutrients in seeds was unaffected by metalliferous site conditions.Our findings depict contrasting strategies of Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds: increased delivery at lowland non-metalliferous locations (a likely natural selection toward enhanced Zn-hyperaccumulation in vegetative tissues) versus limited translocation at metalliferous sites where external Zn concentrations are toxic for non-tolerant plants. Both strategies are worth exploring further to resolve metal homeostasis mechanisms and their effects on seed development and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Babst‐Kostecka
- Department of Environmental ScienceThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of BotanyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
| | - Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer ScienceAGH University of Science and TechnologyKrakówPoland
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Barbara Seget
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of BotanyPolish Academy of SciencesKrakowPoland
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21
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Whitt L, Ricachenevsky FK, Ziegler GZ, Clemens S, Walker E, Maathuis FJM, Kear P, Baxter I. A curated list of genes that affect the plant ionome. Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00272. [PMID: 33103043 PMCID: PMC7576880 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plants' adaptation to their environment will require knowledge of the genes and alleles underlying elemental composition. Modern genetics is capable of quickly, and cheaply indicating which regions of DNA are associated with particular phenotypes in question, but most genes remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidate genes. To help identify candidate genes underlying elemental accumulations, we have created the known ionome gene (KIG) list: a curated collection of genes experimentally shown to change uptake, accumulation, and distribution of elements. We have also created an automated computational pipeline to generate lists of KIG orthologs in other plant species using the PhytoMine database. The current version of KIG consists of 176 known genes covering 5 species, 23 elements, and their 1588 orthologs in 10 species. Analysis of the known genes demonstrated that most were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and that transporter coding genes and genes altering the accumulation of iron and zinc are overrepresented in the current list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whitt
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
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Martinez-Swatson K, Kjøller R, Cozzi F, Simonsen HT, Rønsted N, Barnes C. Exploring evolutionary theories of plant defence investment using field populations of the deadly carrot. Ann Bot 2020; 125:737-750. [PMID: 31563960 PMCID: PMC7182587 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are a number of disparate models predicting variation in plant chemical defences between species, and within a single species over space and time. These can give conflicting predictions. Here we review a number of these theories, before assessing their power to predict the spatial-temporal variation of thapsigargins between and within populations of the deadly carrot (Thapsia garganica). By utilizing multiple models simultaneously (optimum defence theory, growth rate hypothesis, growth-differentiation balance hypothesis, intra-specific framework and resource exchange model of plant defence), we will highlight gaps in their predictions and evaluate the performance of each. METHODS Thapsigargins are potent anti-herbivore compounds that occur in limited richness across the different plant tissues of T. garganica, and therefore represent an ideal system for exploring these models. Thapsia garganica plants were collected from six locations on the island of Ibiza, Spain, and the thapsigargins quantified within reproductive, vegetative and below-ground tissues. The effects of sampling time, location, mammalian herbivory, soil nutrition and changing root-associated fungal communities on the concentrations of thapsigargins within these in situ observations were analysed, and the results were compared with our model predictions. KEY RESULTS The models performed well in predicting the general defence strategy of T. garganica and the above-ground distribution of thapsigargins, but failed to predict the considerable proportion of defences found below ground. Models predicting variation over environmental gradients gave conflicting and less specific predictions, with intraspecific variation remaining less understood. CONCLUSION Here we found that multiple models predicting the general defence strategy of plant species could likely be integrated into a single model, while also finding a clear need to better incorporate below-ground defences into models of plant chemical defences. We found that constitutive and induced thapsigargins differed in their regulation, and suggest that models predicting intraspecific defences should consider them separately. Finally, we suggest that in situ studies be supplemented with experiments in controlled environments to identify specific environmental parameters that regulate variation in defences within species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus Kjøller
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Christopher Barnes
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mari S, Bailly C, Thomine S. Handing off iron to the next generation: how does it get into seeds and what for? Biochem J 2020; 477:259-74. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the success of the new generation in annual species, the mother plant transfers a large proportion of the nutrients it has accumulated during its vegetative life to the next generation through its seeds. Iron (Fe) is required in large amounts to provide the energy and redox power to sustain seedling growth. However, free Fe is highly toxic as it leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Fe must, therefore, be tightly bound to chelating molecules to allow seed survival for long periods of time without oxidative damage. Nevertheless, when conditions are favorable, the seed's Fe stores have to be readily remobilized to achieve the transition toward active photosynthesis before the seedling becomes able to take up Fe from the environment. This is likely critical for the vigor of the young plant. Seeds constitute an important dietary source of Fe, which is essential for human health. Understanding the mechanisms of Fe storage in seeds is a key to improve their Fe content and availability in order to fight Fe deficiency. Seed longevity, germination efficiency and seedling vigor are also important traits that may be affected by the chemical form under which Fe is stored. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on seed Fe loading during development, long-term storage and remobilization upon germination. We highlight how this knowledge may help seed Fe biofortification and discuss how Fe storage may affect the seed quality and germination efficiency.
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Bierschenk B, Tagele MT, Ali B, Ashrafuzzaman MD, Wu LB, Becker M, Frei M. Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223086. [PMID: 31899771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice wild relatives (RWR) constitute an extended gene pool that can be tapped for the breeding of novel rice varieties adapted to abiotic stresses such as iron (Fe) toxicity. Therefore, we screened 75 Oryza genotypes including 16 domesticated O. sativa genotypes, one O. glaberrima, and 58 RWR representing 21 species, for tolerance to Fe toxicity. Plants were grown in a semi-artificial greenhouse setup, in which they were exposed either to control conditions, an Fe shock during the vegetative growth stage (acute treatment), or to a continuous moderately high Fe level (chronic treatment). In both stress treatments, foliar Fe concentrations were characteristic of Fe toxicity, and plants developed foliar stress symptoms, which were more pronounced in the chronic Fe stress especially toward the end of the growing season. Among the genotypes that produced seeds, only the chronic stress treatment significantly reduced yields due to increases in spikelet sterility. Moreover, a moderate but non-significant increase in grain Fe concentrations, and a significant increase in grain Zn concentrations were seen in chronic stress. Both domesticated rice and RWR exhibited substantial genotypic variation in their responses to Fe toxicity. Although no RWR strikingly outperformed domesticated rice in Fe toxic conditions, some genotypes scored highly in individual traits. Two O. meridionalis accessions were best in avoiding foliar symptom formation in acute Fe stress, while an O. rufipogon accession produced the highest grain yields in both chronic and acute Fe stress. In conclusion, this study provides the basis for using interspecific crosses for adapting rice to Fe toxicity.
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Babst-Kostecka A, Przybyłowicz WJ, van der Ent A, Ryan C, Dietrich CC, Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz J. Endosperm prevents toxic amounts of Zn from accumulating in the seed embryo – an adaptation to metalliferous sites in metal-tolerant Biscutella laevigata. Metallomics 2020; 12:42-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pseudometallophyte Biscutella laevigata adapts to metalliferous soils by allocating excess metal(loid)s to the endosperm (E) of seeds to protect embryonic tissues and improve reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Babst-Kostecka
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Ecology
- 31-512 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Physics & Applied Computer Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
- Department of Botany and Zoology
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation
- Sustainable Minerals Institute
- The University of Queensland
- Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement
| | | | - Charlotte C. Dietrich
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Ecology
- 31-512 Krakow
- Poland
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Zeng H, Zhang X, Ding M, Zhu Y. Integrated analyses of miRNAome and transcriptome reveal zinc deficiency responses in rice seedlings. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:585. [PMID: 31878878 PMCID: PMC6933703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the most widespread soil constraints affecting rice productivity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Zn deficiency response is still limited. Here, we aim to understand the molecular mechanisms of Zn deficiency response by integrating the analyses of the global miRNA and mRNA expression profiles under Zn deficiency and resupply in rice seedlings by integrating Illumina's high-throughput small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The transcriptome sequencing identified 360 genes that were differentially expressed in the shoots and roots of Zn-deficient rice seedlings, and 97 of them were recovered after Zn resupply. A total of 68 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed under Zn deficiency and/or Zn resupply. The integrated analyses of miRNAome and transcriptome data showed that 12 differentially expressed genes are the potential target genes of 10 Zn-responsive miRNAs such as miR171g-5p, miR397b-5p, miR398a-5p and miR528-5p. Some miRNA genes and differentially expressed genes were selected for validation by quantitative RT-PCR, and their expressions were similar to that of the sequencing results. CONCLUSION These results provide insights into miRNA-mediated regulatory pathways in Zn deficiency response, and provide candidate genes for genetic improvement of Zn deficiency tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000 China
| | - Ming Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Clemens S. Safer food through plant science: reducing toxic element accumulation in crops. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:5537-5557. [PMID: 31408148 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural processes and human activities have caused widespread background contamination with non-essential toxic elements. The uptake and accumulation of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) by crop plants results in chronic dietary exposure and is associated with various health risks. Current human intake levels are close to what is provisionally regarded as safe. This has recently triggered legislative actions to introduce or lower limits for toxic elements in food. Arguably, the most effective way to reduce the risk of slow poisoning is the breeding of crops with much lower accumulation of contaminants. The past years have seen tremendous progress in elucidating molecular mechanisms of toxic element transport. This was achieved in the model systems Arabidopsis thaliana and, most importantly, rice, the major source of exposure to As and Cd for a large fraction of the global population. Many components of entry and sequestration pathways have been identified. This knowledge can now be applied to engineer crops with reduced toxic element accumulation especially in edible organs. Most obvious in the case of Cd, it appears likely that subtle genetic intervention has the potential to reduce human exposure to non-essential toxic elements almost immediately. This review outlines the risks and discusses our current state of knowledge with emphasis on transgenic and gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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28
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Hoffmann RD, Olsen LI, Ezike CV, Pedersen JT, Manstretta R, López-Marqués RL, Palmgren M. Roles of plasma membrane proton ATPases AHA2 and AHA7 in normal growth of roots and root hairs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant 2019; 166:848-861. [PMID: 30238999 PMCID: PMC7379730 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+ -ATPase pumps build up the electrochemical H+ gradients that energize most other transport processes into and out of plant cells through channel proteins and secondary active carriers. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AUTOINHIBITED PLASMA MEMBRANE H+ -ATPases AHA1, AHA2 and AHA7 are predominant in root epidermal cells. In contrast to other H+ -ATPases, we find that AHA7 is autoinhibited by a sequence present in the extracellular loop between transmembrane segments 7 and 8. Autoinhibition of pump activity was regulated by extracellular pH, suggesting negative feedback regulation of AHA7 during establishment of an H+ gradient. Due to genetic redundancy, it has proven difficult to test the role of AHA2 and AHA7, and mutant phenotypes have previously only been observed under nutrient stress conditions. Here, we investigated root and root hair growth under normal conditions in single and double mutants of AHA2 and AHA7. We find that AHA2 drives root cell expansion during growth but that, unexpectedly, restriction of root hair elongation is dependent on AHA2 and AHA7, with each having different roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Hoffmann
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Lene I. Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Chukwuebuka V. Ezike
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jesper T. Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Raffaele Manstretta
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDK‐1871FrederiksbergDenmark
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Armenta-Medina A, Gillmor CS. Genetic, molecular and parent-of-origin regulation of early embryogenesis in flowering plants. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 131:497-543. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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30
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Lekeux G, Crowet JM, Nouet C, Joris M, Jadoul A, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Lins L, Galleni M, Hanikenne M. Homology modeling and in vivo functional characterization of the zinc permeation pathway in a heavy metal P-type ATPase. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:329-341. [PMID: 30418580 PMCID: PMC6305203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The P1B ATPase heavy metal ATPase 4 (HMA4) is responsible for zinc and cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in Arabidopsis thaliana. It couples ATP hydrolysis to cytosolic domain movements, enabling metal transport across the membrane. The detailed mechanism of metal permeation by HMA4 through the membrane remains elusive. Here, homology modeling of the HMA4 transmembrane region was conducted based on the crystal structure of a ZntA bacterial homolog. The analysis highlighted amino acids forming a metal permeation pathway, whose importance was subsequently investigated functionally through mutagenesis and complementation experiments in plants. Although the zinc pathway displayed overall conservation among the two proteins, significant differences were observed, especially in the entrance area with altered electronegativity and the presence of a ionic interaction/hydrogen bond network. The analysis also newly identified amino acids whose mutation results in total or partial loss of the protein function. In addition, comparison of zinc and cadmium accumulation in shoots of A. thaliana complemented lines revealed a number of HMA4 mutants exhibiting different abilities in zinc and cadmium translocation. These observations could be instrumental to design low cadmium-accumulating crops, hence decreasing human cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lekeux
- InBioS - Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cécile Nouet
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Joris
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS - Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Lekeux G, Laurent C, Joris M, Jadoul A, Jiang D, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Xiao Z, Galleni M, Hanikenne M. di-Cysteine motifs in the C-terminus of plant HMA4 proteins confer nanomolar affinity for zinc and are essential for HMA4 function in vivo. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:5547-5560. [PMID: 30137564 PMCID: PMC6255694 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The PIB ATPase heavy metal ATPase 4 (HMA4) has a central role in the zinc homeostasis network of Arabidopsis thaliana. This membrane protein loads metal from the pericycle cells into the xylem in roots, thereby allowing root to shoot metal translocation. Moreover, HMA4 is key for zinc hyperaccumulation as well as zinc and cadmium hypertolerance in the pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri. The plant-specific cytosolic C-terminal extension of HMA4 is rich in putative metal-binding residues and has substantially diverged between A. thaliana and A. halleri. To clarify the function of the domain in both species, protein variants with truncated C-terminal extension, as well as with mutated di-Cys motifs and/or a His-stretch, were functionally characterized. We show that di-Cys motifs, but not the His-stretch, contribute to high affinity zinc binding and function in planta. We suggest that the HMA4 C-terminal extension is at least partly responsible for protein targeting to the plasma membrane. Finally, we reveal that the C-terminal extensions of both A. thaliana and A. halleri HMA4 proteins share similar function, despite marginally different zinc-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lekeux
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clémentine Laurent
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Present address: EyeD Pharma, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 54000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Joris
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dan Jiang
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Present address: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Deshpande P, Dapkekar A, Oak M, Paknikar K, Rajwade J. Nanocarrier-mediated foliar zinc fertilization influences expression of metal homeostasis related genes in flag leaves and enhances gluten content in durum wheat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191035. [PMID: 29342185 PMCID: PMC5771588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is the staple food for most of the world's population; however, it is a poor source of zinc. Foliar fertilization of zinc via zinc loaded chitosan nanocarriers (Zn-CNP) post-anthesis has proved to be a promising approach for grain zinc enhancement in durum wheat as evidenced in our earlier study. However, the molecular mechanism of uptake of zinc via Zn-CNP remains unclear. METHODS/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Foliar application of Zn-CNP was performed at post anthesis stages in two durum wheat cultivars (MACS 3125 and UC1114, containing the Gpc-B1 gene), and expression levels of several metal-related genes were analyzed during early senescence. Zn-CNP application indeed caused changes in gene expression as revealed by qPCR data on representative genes involved in metal homeostasis, phloem transporters, and leaf senescence. Furthermore, zinc-regulated transporters and iron (Fe)-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP) family [ZIP1, ZIP7, ZIP15], CA (carbonic anhydrase), and DMAS (2'-deoxymugineic acid synthase) in flag leaves exhibited significant correlation with zinc content in the seeds. The analysis of grain endosperm proteins showed enhancement of gamma gliadins while other gluten subunits decreased. Gene expression within ZIP family members varied with the type of cultivar mostly attributed to the Gpc-B1, concentration of external zinc ions as well as the type of tissue analyzed. Correlation analysis revealed the involvement of the selected genes in zinc enhancement. CONCLUSION At the molecular level, uptake of zinc via Zn-CNP nanocarrier was comparable to the uptake of zinc via common zinc fertilizers i.e. ZnSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Deshpande
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Ashwin Dapkekar
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Manoj Oak
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
- Genetics and plant breeding, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Kishore Paknikar
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Jyutika Rajwade
- Nanobioscience group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Imam HT, Blindauer CA. Differential reactivity of closely related zinc(II)-binding metallothioneins from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:137-154. [PMID: 29218630 PMCID: PMC5756572 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of metal binding to and transfer from metalloproteins involved in metal homeostasis are important for understanding cellular distribution of metal ions. The dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two type 4 seed-specific metallothionein homologues, MT4a and MT4b, with likely roles in zinc(II) homeostasis. These two metallothioneins are 84% identical, with full conservation of all metal-binding cysteine and histidine residues. Yet, differences in their spatial and temporal expression patterns suggested divergence in their biological roles. To investigate whether biological functions are reflected in molecular properties, we compare aspects of zinc(II)-binding dynamics of full-length MT4a and MT4b, namely the pH dependence of zinc(II) binding and protein folding, and zinc(II) transfer to the chelator EDTA. UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies as well as native electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry consistently showed that transfer from Zn6MT4a is considerably faster than from Zn6MT4b, with pseudo-first-order rate constants for the fastest observed step of k obs = 2.8 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4b) and k obs = 7.5 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4a) (5 µM protein, 500 µM EDTA, 25 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.33, 298 K). 2D heteronuclear NMR experiments allowed locating the most labile zinc(II) ions in domain II for both proteins. 3D homology models suggest that reactivity of this domain is governed by the local environment around the mononuclear Cys2His2 site that is unique to type 4 MTs. Non-conservative amino acid substitutions in this region affect local electrostatics as well as whole-domain dynamics, with both effects rendering zinc(II) ions bound to MT4a more reactive in metal transfer reactions. Therefore, domain II of MT4a is well suited to rapidly release its bound zinc(II) ions, in broad agreement with a previously suggested role of MT4a in zinc(II) transport and delivery to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan T Imam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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Lilay GH, Castro PH, Campilho A, Assunção AGL. The Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 Activity Requires Zinc Deficiency - Insight on Regulation From Complementation Lines. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1955. [PMID: 30723487 PMCID: PMC6349776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms require zinc as an essential micronutrient. Maintaining appropriate intracellular zinc supply, and avoiding deficiency or toxic excess, requires a tight regulation of zinc homeostasis. In Arabidopsis, bZIP19 and bZIP23 (basic-leucine zipper) transcription factors are the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response. Their targets include members of the ZIP (Zrt/Irt-like Protein) transporter family, involved in cellular zinc uptake, which are up-regulated at zinc deficiency. However, the mechanisms by which these transcription factors are regulated by cellular zinc status are not yet known. Here, to further our insight, we took advantage of the zinc deficiency hypersensitive phenotype of the bzip19 bzip23 double mutant, and used it as background to produce complementation lines of each Arabidopsis F-bZIP transcription factor, including bZIP24. On these lines, we performed complementation and localization studies, analyzed the transcript level of a subset of putative target genes, and performed elemental tissue profiling. We find evidence supporting that the zinc-dependent activity of bZIP19 and bZIP23 is modulated by zinc at protein level, in the nucleus, where cellular zinc sufficiency represses their activity and zinc deficiency is required. In addition, we show that these two transcription factors are functionally redundant to a large extent, and that differential tissue-specific expression patterns might, at least partly, explain distinct regulatory activities. Finally, we show that bZIP24 does not play a central role in the Zn deficiency response. Overall, we provide novel information that advances our understanding of the regulatory activity of bZIP19 and bZIP23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay H. Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ana Campilho
- CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G. L. Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana G. L. Assunção,
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Abreu I, Saéz Á, Castro-Rodríguez R, Escudero V, Rodríguez-Haas B, Senovilla M, Larue C, Grolimund D, Tejada-Jiménez M, Imperial J, González-Guerrero M. Medicago truncatula Zinc-Iron Permease6 provides zinc to rhizobia-infected nodule cells. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:2706-2719. [PMID: 28732146 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a micronutrient required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It has been proposed that in model legume Medicago truncatula, zinc is delivered by the root vasculature into the nodule and released in the infection/differentiation zone. There, transporters must introduce this element into rhizobia-infected cells to metallate the apoproteins that use zinc as a cofactor. MtZIP6 (Medtr4g083570) is an M. truncatula Zinc-Iron Permease (ZIP) that is expressed only in roots and nodules, with the highest expression levels in the infection/differentiation zone. Immunolocalization studies indicate that it is located in the plasma membrane of nodule rhizobia-infected cells. Down-regulating MtZIP6 expression levels with RNAi does not result in any strong phenotype when plants are fed mineral nitrogen. However, these plants displayed severe growth defects when they depended on nitrogen fixed by their nodules, losing of 80% of their nitrogenase activity. The reduction of this activity was likely an indirect effect of zinc being retained in the infection/differentiation zone and not reaching the cytosol of rhizobia-infected cells. These data are consistent with a model in which MtZIP6 would be responsible for zinc uptake by rhizobia-infected nodule cells in the infection/differentiation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Abreu
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Saéz
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Rosario Castro-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Rodríguez-Haas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Senovilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Larue
- ECOLAB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Swiss Light Source, microXAS Beamline Project, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Tejada-Jiménez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Crta, M-40 km 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Skou PB, Khakimov B, Hansen TH, Aunsbjerg SD, Knøchel S, Thaysen D, van den Berg F. Chemical characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy of membrane permeates from an industrial dairy ingredient production used as process water. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:135-146. [PMID: 29055547 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reusing reverse osmosis (RO) membrane permeate instead of potable water in the dairy industry is a very appealing tactic. However, to ensure safe use, the quality of reclaimed water must be guaranteed. To do this, qualitative and quantitative information about which compounds permeate the membranes must be established. In the present study, we provide a detailed characterization of ultrafiltration, RO, and RO polisher (ROP) permeate with regard to organic and inorganic compounds. Results indicate that smaller molecules and elements (such as phosphate, but mainly urea and boron) pass the membrane, and a small set of larger molecules (long-chain fatty acids, glycerol-phosphate, and glutamic acid) are found as well, though in minute concentrations (<0.2 µM). Growth experiments with 2 urease-positive microorganisms, isolated from RO permeate, showed that the nutrient content in the ROP permeate supports limited growth of 1 of the 2 isolates, indicating that the ROP permeate may not be guaranteed to be stable during protracted storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Skou
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stina D Aunsbjerg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dorrit Thaysen
- Arla Foods Ingredients, Sønderupvej 26, DK-6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Frans van den Berg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Vogiatzaki E, Baroux C, Jung JY, Poirier Y. PHO1 Exports Phosphate from the Chalazal Seed Coat to the Embryo in Developing Arabidopsis Seeds. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2893-2900.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chu HH, Car S, Socha AL, Hindt MN, Punshon T, Guerinot ML. The Arabidopsis MTP8 transporter determines the localization of manganese and iron in seeds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11024. [PMID: 28887568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how seeds obtain and store nutrients is key to developing crops with higher agronomic and nutritional value. We have uncovered unique patterns of micronutrient localization in seeds using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). Although all four members of the Arabidopsis thaliana Mn-CDF family can transport Mn, here we show that only mtp8-2 has an altered Mn distribution pattern in seeds. In an mtp8-2 mutant, Mn no longer accumulates in hypocotyl cortex cells and sub-epidermal cells of the embryonic cotyledons, but rather accumulates with Fe in the cells surrounding the vasculature, a pattern previously shown to be determined by the vacuolar transporter VIT1. We also show that MTP8, unlike the other three Mn-CDF family members, can transport Fe and is responsible for localization of Fe to the same cells that store Mn. When both the VIT1 and MTP8 transporters are non-functional, there is no accumulation of Fe or Mn in specific cell types; rather these elements are distributed amongst all cell types in the seed. Disruption of the putative Fe binding sites in MTP8 resulted in loss of ability to transport Fe but did not affect the ability to transport Mn.
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