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Qi Y, Li L, Wei Y, Ma F. PP2A as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116398. [PMID: 38458011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent malignancy worldwide; however, therapeutic efficacy is far from satisfactory. To alleviate the burden of this disease, it is imperative to discover novel mechanisms and treatment strategies. Protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) comprises a family of mammalian serine/threonine phosphatases that regulate many cellular processes. PP2A is dysregulated in several human diseases, including oncological pathologies, and plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of tumours. The role of PP2A as a tumour suppressor has been extensively studied, and its regulation can serve as a target for anticancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that PP2A is a tumour promotor. PP2A-mediated anticancer therapy may involve two opposing mechanisms: activation and inhibition. In general, the contradictory roles of PP2A should not be overlooked, and more work is needed to determine the molecular mechanism by which PP2A affects in tumours. In this review, the literature on the role of PP2A in tumours, especially in breast cancer, was analysed. This review describes relevant targets of breast cancer, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage responses, epidermal growth factor receptor, immune modulation and cell death resistance, which may lead to effective therapeutic strategies or influence drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Pan jia yuan nan Road 17, Beijing 100021, China.
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2
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Duan XP, Qin BD, Jiao XD, Liu K, Wang Z, Zang YS. New clinical trial design in precision medicine: discovery, development and direction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:57. [PMID: 38438349 PMCID: PMC10912713 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, it has been increasingly recognized that individuals with a certain disease are complex and different from each other. Due to the underestimation of the significant heterogeneity across participants in traditional "one-size-fits-all" trials, patient-centered trials that could provide optimal therapy customization to individuals with specific biomarkers were developed including the basket, umbrella, and platform trial designs under the master protocol framework. In recent years, the successive FDA approval of indications based on biomarker-guided master protocol designs has demonstrated that these new clinical trials are ushering in tremendous opportunities. Despite the rapid increase in the number of basket, umbrella, and platform trials, the current clinical and research understanding of these new trial designs, as compared with traditional trial designs, remains limited. The majority of the research focuses on methodologies, and there is a lack of in-depth insight concerning the underlying biological logic of these new clinical trial designs. Therefore, we provide this comprehensive review of the discovery and development of basket, umbrella, and platform trials and their underlying logic from the perspective of precision medicine. Meanwhile, we discuss future directions on the potential development of these new clinical design in view of the "Precision Pro", "Dynamic Precision", and "Intelligent Precision". This review would assist trial-related researchers to enhance the innovation and feasibility of clinical trial designs by expounding the underlying logic, which be essential to accelerate the progression of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Dong Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Zhang Q, Shi Y, Liu S, Yang W, Chen H, Guo N, Sun W, Zhao Y, Ren Y, Ren Y, Jia L, Yang J, Yun Y, Chen G, Wang L, Wu C. EZH2/G9a interact to mediate drug resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating the SMAD4/ERK/c-Myc signaling axis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113714. [PMID: 38306271 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the leading problem in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. The contribution of histone methylation in mediating malignant phenotypes of NSCLC is well known. However, the role of histone methylation in NSCLC drug-resistance mechanisms remains unclear. Here, our data show that EZH2 and G9a, two histone methyltransferases, are involved in the drug resistance of NSCLC. Gene manipulation results indicate that the combination of EZH2 and G9a promotes tumor growth and mediates drug resistance in a complementary manner. Importantly, clinical study demonstrates that co-expression of both enzymes predicts a poor outcome in patients with NSCLC. Mechanistically, G9a and EZH2 interact and promote the silencing of the tumor-suppressor gene SMAD4, activating the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway. Finally, SU08, a compound targeting both EZH2 and G9a, is demonstrated to sensitize resistant cells to therapeutic drugs by regulating the SMAD4/ERK/c-Myc signaling axis. These findings uncover the resistance mechanism and a strategy for reversing NSCLC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yajie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wanyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuxiang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Yun
- Biobank Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhu K, Yang X, Tai H, Zhong X, Luo T, Zheng H. HER2-targeted therapies in cancer: a systematic review. Biomark Res 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38308374 PMCID: PMC10835834 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alterations in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, neu, and erbB2) are associated with the development of many tumors. It is currently a crucial treatment for multiple cancers. Advanced in molecular biology and further exploration of the HER2-mediated pathway have promoted the development of medicine design and combination drug regimens. An increasing number of HER2-targeted drugs including specific monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The emergence of ADCs, has significantly transformed the treatment landscape for various tumors, such as breast, gastric, and bladder cancer. Classic monoclonal antibodies and novel TKIs have not only demonstrated remarkable efficacy, but also expanded their indications, with ADCs in particular exhibiting profound clinical applications. Moreover the concept of low HER2 expression signifies a breakthrough in HER2-targeted therapy, indicating that an increasing number of tumors and patients will benefit from this approach. This article, provides a comprehensive review of the underlying mechanism of action, representative drugs, corresponding clinical trials, recent advancements, and future research directions pertaining to HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunrui Zhu
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hebei Tai
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cance Center, Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu LJ, Edwards YJK, Green MR, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101285. [PMID: 37951219 PMCID: PMC10694669 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, which lacks effective therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor, homeobox C6 (HOXC6), is overexpressed in most PDACs, and its inhibition blocks PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. HOXC6 transcriptionally activates tumor-promoting kinase MSK1 and suppresses tumor-inhibitory protein PPP2R2B in PDAC. HOXC6-induced PPP2R2B suppression causes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation, which facilitates PDAC growth. Also, MSK1 upregulation by HOXC6 is necessary for PDAC growth because of its ability to suppress apoptosis via its substrate DDX17. Combinatorial pharmacological inhibition of MSK1 and mTOR potently suppressed PDAC tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC mouse models. PDAC cells with acquired resistance to MSK1/mTOR-inhibitors displayed activated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling and were successfully eradicated by IGF1R inhibitor. Furthermore, MEK inhibitor trametinib enhanced the efficacy of dual MSK1 and mTOR inhibition. Collectively, these results identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of PDAC and an approach to overcome acquired drug resistance to prolong therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Yu F, Li L, Zhang M, Sun S. Phosphorylation of EZH2 differs HER2-positive breast cancer invasiveness in a site-specific manner. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:948. [PMID: 37803297 PMCID: PMC10557267 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) invasiveness and drug-resistance issue is the critical treatment obstacle recently. We investigated the total and phosphorylated status EZH2 expression in database and BC tissue microarray. We demonstrated for the first time that EZH2 is distributed both in cytoplasm and nucleus of breast cancer cells in a phosphorylation site-specific manner. High expressed-EZH2 cases more frequently had an advanced clinical stage (lymph node metastasis) and aggressive features than EZH2-low cases, potentially indicating the high risk of HER2-positive BC (p < 0.05). Notably, highly expressed phosphorylated EZH2 is differently located in cytoplasm or nucleus in a site-specific manner in breast cancer cells. Nucleus-located pEZH2-S21 is expressed in invasive and lymph node metastatic HER2-positive BC cases (p = 0.144, p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic pEZH2-T487 is correlated with HER2 positive status (p = 0.014).In conclusion, high expression of nucleus-located EZH2 might be a predictor of invasive BC. Activation of phosphorylated EZH2-S21 site in nucleus would be a potential predictor of HER2-positve BC and poor efficacy of HER2-target therapy. These results point to a PRC2-independent non-epigenetic mechanism and therapeutic strategy of EZH2 in HER2-positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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7
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Li Y, Gao Z, Wang Y, Pang B, Zhang B, Hu R, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Yang J, Mei M, Wang Y, Zhou X, Li M, Ren Y. Lysine methylation promotes NFAT5 activation and determines temozolomide efficacy in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4062. [PMID: 37429858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) therapy offers minimal clinical benefits in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with high EGFR activity, underscoring the need for effective combination therapy. Here, we show that tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (NFAT5) lysine methylation, is a determinant of TMZ response. Mechanistically, EGFR activation induces phosphorylated EZH2 (Ser21) binding and triggers NFAT5 methylation at K668. Methylation prevents NFAT5 cytoplasm interaction with E3 ligase TRAF6, thus blocks NFAT5 lysosomal degradation and cytosol localization restriction, which was mediated by TRAF6 induced K63-linked ubiquitination, resulting in NFAT5 protein stabilization, nuclear accumulation and activation. Methylated NFAT5 leads to the upregulation of MGMT, a transcriptional target of NFAT5, which is responsible for unfavorable TMZ response. Inhibition of NFAT5 K668 methylation improved TMZ efficacy in orthotopic xenografts and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models. Notably, NFAT5 K668 methylation levels are elevated in TMZ-refractory specimens and confer poor prognosis. Our findings suggest targeting NFAT5 methylation is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve TMZ response in tumors with EGFR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatian Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruxin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Tao F, Zhang Z. Editorial: Epigenetic drugs and therapeutic resistance for epithelial malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208518. [PMID: 37229257 PMCID: PMC10203627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Cai Z, Zhang W, Zhou R, Wang Y, Feng Y. Protein Phosphatase 2a Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Glycolysis by Reducing MYC Signaling. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:59-68. [PMID: 36324030 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, has emerged as a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor progression and unfavorable clinical outcomes in cancer patients. PP2A is a highly conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatase that functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of human cancers. However, the relationship between PP2A and the Warburg effect in gastric cancer has yet to be fully understood. In this study, the expression profile of two endogenous inhibitors of PP2A, SET and CIP2A, in gastric cancer, were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies were performed to investigate the roles of PP2A in gastric cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis. Cell biological, molecular, and biochemical approaches were employed to uncover the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SET and CIP2A were overexpressed in gastric cancer and associated with a decreased PP2A activity. Pharmacological activation of PP2A with FTY-720 and DT-061 in two gastric cancer cell lines significantly reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation and glycolytic ability. Importantly, inhibition of PP2A activity by genetic silencing of PPP2R5A resulted in a growth advantage, which can be largely compromised by the addition of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-glucose, suggesting a glycolysis-dependent effect of PP2A in gastric cancer. Mechanistically, the well-known transcription factor and glycolysis regulator c-Myc was discovered as the functional mediator of PP2A in regulating cell glycolysis. Ectopic expression of a phosphorylation-mutant c-Myc resistant to PP2A (MycT58A) restored the inhibitory effect of FTY-720 and DT-061 on lactate production and glucose uptake. Furthermore, there was a close association between SET and CIP2A expression and c-Myc gene signatures in gastric cancer samples. Collectively, this study provides strong evidence of the involvement of PP2A in the Warburg effect and indicates that it could be a novel antitumor strategy to target tumor metabolism in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Cai
- Department of Operating Room, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Clinic 7, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056001, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ruiqing Zhou
- Handan Hanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Handan, 056001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery Clinic 7, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunzhang Feng
- Department of General Surgery Clinic 7, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056001, Hebei Province, China
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Castro-Muñoz LJ, Vázquez Ulloa E, Sahlgren C, Lizano M, De La Cruz-Hernández E, Contreras-Paredes A. Modulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 49:59. [PMID: 36799181 PMCID: PMC9942256 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health concern. Alterations in epigenetic processes are among the earliest genomic aberrations occurring during cancer development and are closely related to progression. Unlike genetic mutations, aberrations in epigenetic processes are reversible, which opens the possibility for novel pharmacological treatments. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an essential epigenetic mechanism, and emerging evidence links ncRNAs to carcinogenesis. Epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) are a group of promising target therapies for cancer treatment acting as coadjuvants to reverse drug resistance in cancer. The present review describes central epigenetic aberrations during malignant transformation and explains how epidrugs target DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs. Furthermore, clinical trials focused on evaluating the effect of these epidrugs alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies and other ncRNA‑based therapies are discussed. The use of epidrugs promises to be an effective tool for reversing drug resistance in some patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elenaé Vázquez Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Erick De La Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco 86650, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico,Correspondence to: Professor Adriana Contreras-Paredes, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenue San Fernando, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico, E-mail:
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Uebel A, Kewitz-Hempel S, Willscher E, Gebhardt K, Sunderkötter C, Gerloff D. Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors: EZH2 and Its Downstream Targets as Potential Therapeutic Options in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating BRAF mutations occurs in 50-60% of malignant melanomas. Although initially treatable, the development of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapies (BRAFi) is a major challenge and limits their efficacy. We have previously shown that the BRAFV600E signaling pathway mediates the expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator related to melanoma progression and worse overall survival. Therefore, we wondered whether inhibition of EZH2 would be a way to overcome resistance to vemurafenib. We found that the addition of an EZH2 inhibitor to vemurafenib improved the response of melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi with regard to decreased viability, cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. By next-generation sequencing, we revealed that the combined inhibition of BRAF and EZH2 dramatically suppresses pathways of mitosis and cell cycle. This effect was linked to the downregulation of Polo-kinase 1 (PLK1), a key regulator of cell cycle and proliferation. Subsequently, when we inhibited PLK1, we found decreased cell viability of melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi. When we inhibited both BRAF and PLK1, we achieved an improved response of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, which was comparable to the combined inhibition of BRAF and EZH2. These results thus reveal that targeting EZH2 or its downstream targets, such as PLK1, in combination with BRAF inhibitors are potential novel therapeutic options in melanomas with BRAF mutations.
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Sanz‐Castillo B, Hurtado B, Vara‐Ciruelos D, El Bakkali A, Hermida D, Salvador‐Barbero B, Martínez‐Alonso D, González‐Martínez J, Santiveri C, Campos‐Olivas R, Ximénez‐Embún P, Muñoz J, Álvarez‐Fernández M, Malumbres M. The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase-phosphatase module restrains PI3K-Akt activity in an mTORC1-dependent manner. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110833. [PMID: 36354735 PMCID: PMC9841333 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT-mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K-AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1- and S6K1-dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55-dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL-PP2A/B55 kinase-phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz‐Castillo
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Diana Vara‐Ciruelos
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Dario Hermida
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Martínez‐Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Clara Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Campos‐Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Mónica Álvarez‐Fernández
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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Yuan Y, Liu X, Cai Y, Li W. Pyrotinib versus lapatinib therapy for HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients after first-line treatment failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279775. [PMID: 36602979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is critical to select subsequent treatments for patients after the failure of trastuzumab therapy. Following the failure of standard trastuzumab therapy guidelines in the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, pyrotinib and capecitabine is a grade I recommended regimen for treating patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Concurrently, in treating patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, lapatinib and capecitabine are also recommended regimens for those who have previously received taxanes, anthracyclines, and trastuzumab therapy. However, there is currently no systematic review and meta-analysis comparing pyrotinib with lapatinib among HER2+ MBC patients. Therefore, this study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and assess whether pyrotinib is superior to lapatinib in efficacy and safety. METHODS Relevant trials were searched in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception until March 27th, 2022. The primary outcomes were PFS and OS, and the secondary outcomes were ORR and grade ≥3 AEs. RESULTS Five relevant studies were included in this study, including 2 RCTs and 3 retrospective cohort studies. Pyrotinib combined with chemotherapy is superior to lapatinib combined with chemotherapy among HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients, with a significant improvement in PFS (prior trastuzumab therapy) (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.39-0.57, p<0.001, I2 = 0%, FEM), PFS (trastuzumab resistance) (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.39-0.68, p<0.001, I2 = 40%, FEM) and ORR (RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.67, p<0.001, I2 = 8%, FEM), but has higher grade ≥3 diarrhea incidence (RR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.85-3.90, p<0.001, I2 = 44%, FEM). CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of pyrotinib combined with chemotherapy is superior to lapatinib combined with chemotherapy but has more safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumei Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Hao Y, Wang C, Xu D. Identification and validation of a novel prognostic model based on platinum Resistance-related genes in bladder cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 49:61-88. [PMID: 36512456 PMCID: PMC9881817 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The depth of response to platinum in urothelial neoplasm tissues varies greatly. Biomarkers that have practical value in prognosis stratification are increasingly needed. Our study aimed to select a set of BC (bladder cancer)-related genes involved in both platinum resistance and survival, then use these genes to establish the prognostic model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Platinum resistance-related DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and tumorigenesis-related DEGs were identified. Ten most predictive co-DEGs were acquired followed by building a risk score model. Survival analysis and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. Combined with age and tumor stages, a nomogram was generated to create a graphical representation of survival rates at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 8-year in BC patients. The prognostic performance was validated in three independent BC datasets with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential mechanism was explored by enrichment analysis. RESULTS PPP2R2B, TSPAN7, ATAD3C, SYT15, SAPCD1, AKR1B1, TCHH, AKAP12, AGLN3, and IGF2 were selected for our prognostic model. Patients in high- and low-risk groups exhibited a significant survival difference with HR (hazard ratio) = 2.7 (p < 0.0001). The prognostic nomogram of predicting 3-year OS (overall survival) for BC patients could yield an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.819. In the external validation dataset, the risk score also has a robust predictive ability. CONCLUSION A prognostic model derived from platinum resistance-related genes was constructed, we confirmed its value in predicting platinum-based chemotherapy benefits and overall survival for BC patients. The model might assist in therapeutic decisions for bladder malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Hao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRuijin HospitalDepartment of UrologyShanghaiChinaDepartment of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRuijin HospitalDepartment of UrologyShanghaiChinaDepartment of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Correspondence address: Chenghe Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. E-mail:
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineRuijin HospitalDepartment of UrologyShanghaiChinaDepartment of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kashani E, Vassella E. Pleiotropy of PP2A Phosphatases in Cancer with a Focus on Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5227. [PMID: 36358647 PMCID: PMC9654311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric (or occasionally, heterodimeric) phosphatase with pleiotropic functions and ubiquitous expression. Despite the fact that they all contribute to protein dephosphorylation, multiple PP2A complexes exist which differ considerably by their subcellular localization and their substrate specificity, suggesting diverse PP2A functions. PP2A complex formation is tightly regulated by means of gene expression regulation by transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, a constant competition between PP2A regulatory subunits is taking place dynamically and depending on the spatiotemporal circumstance; many of the integral subunits can outcompete the rest, subjecting them to proteolysis. PP2A modulation is especially important in the context of brain tumors due to its ability to modulate distinct glioma-promoting signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Ras, NF-κb, etc. Furthermore, PP2A is also implicated in DNA repair and survival pathways that are activated upon treatment of glioma cells with chemo-radiation. Depending on the cancer cell type, preclinical studies have shown some promise in utilising PP2A activator or PP2A inhibitors to overcome therapy resistance. This review has a special focus on "glioblastoma, IDH wild-type" (GBM) tumors, for which the therapy options have limited efficacy, and tumor relapse is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kashani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Chava S, Bugide S, Malvi P, Gupta R. Co-targeting of specific epigenetic regulators in combination with CDC7 potently inhibit melanoma growth. iScience 2022; 25:104752. [PMID: 35942091 PMCID: PMC9356103 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer that frequently metastasizes, but current therapies only benefit some patients. Here, we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is overexpressed in melanoma, and patients with higher expression have shorter survival. Transcription factor ELK1 regulates CDC7 expression, and CDC7 inhibition promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis. Our chemical genetics screen with epigenetic inhibitors revealed stronger melanoma tumor growth inhibition when XL413 is combined with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitor OF1. Mechanistically, XL413 with GSK343 or OF1 synergistically altered the expression of tumor-suppressive genes, leading to higher apoptosis than the single agent alone. Collectively, these results identify CDC7 as a driver of melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that can be targeted alone or in combination with EZH2 or BRPF1/2/3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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17
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Ong LT, Lee WC, Ma S, Oguz G, Niu Z, Bao Y, Yusuf M, Lee PL, Goh JY, Wang P, Yong KSM, Chen Q, Wang W, Ramasamy A, Hoon DSB, Ditzel HJ, Tan EY, Lee SC, Yu Q. IFI16-dependent STING signaling is a crucial regulator of anti-HER2 immune response in HER2+ breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201376119. [PMID: 35878022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201376119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, such as trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer (BC), is associated with residual disease progression due to resistance to therapy. Here, we identify interferon-γ inducible protein 16 (IFI16)-dependent STING signaling as a significant determinant of trastuzumab responses in HER2+ BC. We show that down-regulation of immune-regulated genes (IRG) is specifically associated with poor survival of HER2+, but not other BC subtypes. Among IRG, IFI16 is identified as a direct target of EZH2, the underexpression of which leads to deficient STING activation and downstream CXCL10/11 expression in response to trastuzumab treatment. Dual inhibition of EZH2 and histone deacetylase (HDAC) significantly activates IFI16-dependent immune responses to trastuzumab. Notably, a combination of a novel histone methylation inhibitor with an HDAC inhibitor induces complete tumor eradication and long-term T cell memory in a HER2+ BC mouse model. Our findings demonstrate an epigenetic regulatory mechanism suppressing the expression of the IFI16-CXCL10/11 signaling pathway that provides a survival advantage to HER2+ BC to confer resistance to trastuzumab treatment.
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Tian Z, Yang Y, Wu H, Chen Y, Jia H, Zhu L, He R, Jin Y, Zhou B, Ge C, Sun Y, Yang Y. The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effect of lapatinib in HER2-positive cancers. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10410. [PMID: 36090218 PMCID: PMC9449760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Canadas I, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Crea F, Wang Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP. The long and short non-coding RNAs modulating EZH2 signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35236381 PMCID: PMC8892735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large family of RNA molecules with no capability in encoding proteins. However, they participate in developmental and biological processes and their abnormal expression affects cancer progression. These RNA molecules can function as upstream mediators of different signaling pathways and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is among them. Briefly, EZH2 belongs to PRCs family and can exert functional roles in cells due to its methyltransferase activity. EZH2 affects gene expression via inducing H3K27me3. In the present review, our aim is to provide a mechanistic discussion of ncRNAs role in regulating EZH2 expression in different cancers. MiRNAs can dually induce/inhibit EZH2 in cancer cells to affect downstream targets such as Wnt, STAT3 and EMT. Furthermore, miRNAs can regulate therapy response of cancer cells via affecting EZH2 signaling. It is noteworthy that EZH2 can reduce miRNA expression by binding to promoter and exerting its methyltransferase activity. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) are synthetic, short ncRNAs capable of reducing EZH2 expression and suppressing cancer progression. LncRNAs mainly regulate EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs induce EZH2 by modulating miRNA expression. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), like lncRNAs, affect EZH2 expression via targeting miRNAs. These areas are discussed in the present review with a focus on molecular pathways leading to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Israel Canadas
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada.
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Lohiya G, Katti DS. Carboxylated chitosan-mediated improved efficacy of mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118822. [PMID: 34893239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based targeting of overexpressed cell-surface receptors is a promising strategy that provides precise delivery of drugs to cancer cells. In the present study, we developed highly reproducible and monodispersed, chitosan-coated (pH-responsive), doxorubicin-loaded, aptamer-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) bioconjugates for actively targeting breast cancer cells harboring overexpression of EGF receptors (EGFR/HER2). The developed targeted MSNs demonstrated higher uptake and cytotoxicity of triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer cells when compared to non-targeted MSNs. The chitosan coating imparted pH-responsiveness and endo/lysosomal escape ability to MSNs, which augmented cytosolic delivery of an anticancer drug. Partial carboxylation of chitosan coated on MSNs allowed for a greater release of drug in a shorter duration of time while retaining pH-responsiveness and endo/lysosomal escape ability. Overall, the coating of carboxylated-chitosan over MSNs enabled tunable drug release kinetics, conjugation of aptamers (targeting agents), and endo/lysosomal escape which together significantly enhanced the efficacy of the developed drug delivery system.
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21
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Vishwanath D, Girimanchanaika SS, Dukanya D, Rangappa S, Yang JR, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Basappa B. Design and Activity of Novel Oxadiazole Based Compounds That Target Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030703. [PMID: 35163965 PMCID: PMC8839658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel PARP inhibitors with selective mode-of-action have been approved for clinical use. Herein, oxadiazole based ligands that are predicted to target PARP-1 have been synthesized and screened for the loss of cell viability in mammary carcinoma cells, wherein seven compounds were observed to possess significant IC50 values in the range of 1.4 to 25 µM. Furthermore, compound 5u, inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 1.4µM, when compared to Olaparib (IC50 = 3.2 µM). Compound 5s also decreased cell viability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 15.3 and 19.2 µM, respectively. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with compounds 5u and 5s produced PARP cleavage, H2AX phosphorylation and CASPASE-3 activation comparable to that observed with Olaparib. Compounds 5u and 5s also decreased foci-formation and 3D Matrigel growth of MCF-7 cells equivalent to or greater than that observed with Olaparib. Finally, in silico analysis demonstrated binding of compound 5s towardsthe catalytic site of PARP-1, indicating that these novel oxadiazoles synthesized herein may serve as exemplars for the development of new therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Swamy S. Girimanchanaika
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Dukanya Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Mandya 571448, India;
| | - Ji-Rui Yang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E. Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.-R.Y.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (S.S.G.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.L.); (B.B.)
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Adibfar S, Elveny M, Kashikova HS, Mikhailova MV, Farhangnia P, Vakili-Samiani S, Tarokhian H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of EZH2 in breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 286:120047. [PMID: 34653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marischa Elveny
- DS & CI Research Group, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Integrated Medicine and Aging Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Cheng X, Zhao JX, Dong F, Cao XC. ARID1A Mutation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:759577. [PMID: 34804958 PMCID: PMC8599951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the principal cause of mortality for breast cancer patients. Targeting specific mutations that have been acquired during the evolution process of advanced breast cancer is a potential means of enhancing the clinical efficacy of treatment strategies. In metastatic breast cancer, ARID1A is the most prevalent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex, which regulates DNA repair, recombination, and gene transcription. The low expression of ARID1A is associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with luminal A or HER2-rich breast cancer. In addition, ARID1A plays a prominent role in maintaining luminal characteristics and has an advantage for identifying responses to treatment, including endocrine therapies, HDAC inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors. The therapeutic vulnerabilities initiated by ARID1A alterations encourage us to explore new approaches to cope with ARID1A mutant-related drug resistance or metastasis. In this review, we describe the mutation profiles of ARID1A in metastatic breast cancer and the structure and function of ARID1A and the SWI/SNF complex as well as discuss the potential mechanisms of ARID1A-mediated endocrine resistance and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cheng
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Zhao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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24
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Hollenstein DM, Gérecová G, Romanov N, Ferrari J, Veis J, Janschitz M, Beyer R, Schüller C, Ogris E, Hartl M, Ammerer G, Reiter W. A phosphatase-centric mechanism drives stress signaling response. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52476. [PMID: 34558777 PMCID: PMC8567219 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing environmental cues lead to the adjustment of cellular physiology by phosphorylation signaling networks that typically center around kinases as active effectors and phosphatases as antagonistic elements. Here, we report a signaling mechanism that reverses this principle. Using the hyperosmotic stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we find that a phosphatase-driven mechanism causes induction of phosphorylation. The key activating step that triggers this phospho-proteomic response is the Endosulfine-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A-Cdc55 (PP2ACdc55 ), while we do not observe concurrent kinase activation. In fact, many of the stress-induced phosphorylation sites appear to be direct substrates of the phosphatase, rendering PP2ACdc55 the main downstream effector of a signaling response that operates in parallel and independent of the well-established kinase-centric stress signaling pathways. This response affects multiple cellular processes and is required for stress survival. Our results demonstrate how a phosphatase can assume the role of active downstream effectors during signaling and allow re-evaluating the impact of phosphatases on shaping the phosphorylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Maria Hollenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gabriela Gérecová
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Jessica Ferrari
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jiri Veis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Medical BiochemistryMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marion Janschitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Reinhard Beyer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ)University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)Tulln a.d. DonauAustria
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ)University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)Tulln a.d. DonauAustria
| | - Egon Ogris
- Center for Medical BiochemistryMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyMax Perutz LabsVienna BioCenter (VBC)University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Mass Spectrometry FacilityMax Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenterUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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25
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Chen F, Liu J, Flight RM, Naughton KJ, Lukyanchuk A, Edgin AR, Song X, Zhang H, Wong K, Moseley HNB, Wang C, Brainson CF. Cellular Origins of EGFR-Driven Lung Cancer Cells Determine Sensitivity to Therapy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101999. [PMID: 34622577 PMCID: PMC8596110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of the major precision medicine treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma. Due to common development of drug resistance to first- and second-generation TKIs, third-generation inhibitors, including osimertinib and rociletinib, have been developed. A model of EGFR-driven lung cancer and a method to develop tumors of distinct epigenetic states through 3D organotypic cultures are described here. It is discovered that activation of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutation in lung epithelial cells can drive lung cancers with alveolar or bronchiolar features, which can originate from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells or bronchioalveolar stem cells, but not basal cells or club cells of the trachea. It is also demonstrated that these clones are able to retain their epigenetic differences through passaging orthotopically in mice and crucially that they have distinct drug vulnerabilities. This work serves as a blueprint for exploring how epigenetics can be used to stratify patients for precision medicine decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Present address:
Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Kassandra J. Naughton
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Alexsandr Lukyanchuk
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Abigail R. Edgin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Xiulong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- DNAtrix10355 Science Center Drive, Suite 110San DiegoCA92121USA
| | - Kwok‐Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer CenterNYU Langone Medical CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Christine F. Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
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26
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Liu XY, Guo CH, Xi ZY, Xu XQ, Zhao QY, Li LS, Wang Y. Histone methylation in pancreatic cancer and its clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6004-6024. [PMID: 34629816 PMCID: PMC8476335 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive human cancer. Appropriate methods for the diagnosis and treatment of PC have not been found at the genetic level, thus making epigenetics a promising research path in studies of PC. Histone methylation is one of the most complicated types of epigenetic modifications and has proved crucial in the development of PC. Histone methylation is a reversible process regulated by readers, writers, and erasers. Some writers and erasers can be recognized as potential biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in PC because of their unusual expression in PC cells compared with normal pancreatic cells. Based on the impact that writers have on the development of PC, some inhibitors of writers have been developed. However, few inhibitors of erasers have been developed and put to clinical use. Meanwhile, there is not enough research on the reader domains. Therefore, the study of erasers and readers is still a promising area. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of histone methylation, and the diagnosis and chemotherapy of PC based on it. The future of epigenetic modification in PC research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuan-Hao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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