1
|
Zhang J, Liu S, Sun H, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Mao J, Qian B, Wang L, Mao J. Metagenomics-based insights into the microbial community profiling and flavor development potentiality of baijiu Daqu and huangjiu wheat Qu. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110707. [PMID: 35181108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Daqu and wheat Qu are saccharification and fermenting agents in Chinese huangjiu and baijiu production. This study aimed to investigate the difference between Daqu and wheat Qu in physicochemical indices, microbial communities, functional genes, and the metabolic network of key microbes responsible for flavor synthesis by whole-metagenome sequencing and metabolite analysis. Herein, physicochemical indices indicated that compared with wheat Qu, Daqu exhibited higher protease and cellulase activity and acidity, and lower glucoamylase and amylase enzyme activity. Metagenomic sequencing reveals that although Daqu and wheat Qu community composition have significant differences at species level, they have similar functional genes. Daqu were enriched in Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella paramesenteroides, Rasamsonia emersonii and Byssochlamys spectabilis (22.48% of the total abundance), while wheat Qu harbored greater abundances of Saccharopolyspora (54.78%, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Saccharopolyspora shandongensis, Saccharopolyspora hirsuta, Saccharopolyspora spinose, and Saccharopolyspora erythraea). From a functional perspective, the important functions of Daqu and wheat Qu are both amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Meanwhile, a combined analysis among microbiota, functional genes, and dominant flavors indicated S. shandongensis, S. rectivirgula, and S. spinose might be the main contributor to the synthesis of flavor compounds in wheat Qu, while R. emersonii, W. paramesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Weissella cibaria and P. pentosaceus may make the greatest contribution to flavor compounds synthesis in Daqu. This study reveals the microbial and functional dissimilarities of Daqu and wheat Qu, and helps elucidating different metabolic roles of microbes during flavor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengfei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuezheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Jieqi Mao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, 117542, Singapore
| | - Bin Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Lan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Z, Song Q, Bai D, Niu S, He Y, Qiao D, Chen Z, Li C, Luo J, Li F. Population structure analysis to explore genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of cultivated-type tea plant in Guizhou Plateau. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:55. [PMID: 35086484 PMCID: PMC8793275 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plants originated in southwestern China. Guizhou Plateau is an original center of tea plants, and is rich in germplasm resources. However, the genetic diversity, population structure and distribution characteristics of cultivated-type tea plants in the region are unknown. In this study, we explored the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of cultivated-type tea accessions in Guizhou Plateau. RESULTS We used 112,072 high-quality genotyping-by-sequencing to analyze the genetic diversity, principal components, phylogeny, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium, and develop a core collection of 253 cultivated-type tea plant accessions from Guizhou Plateau. The results showed Genetic diversity of the cultivated-type tea accessions of the Pearl River Basin was significantly higher than that of the cultivated-type tea accessions of the Yangtze River Basin. Three inferred pure groups (CG-1, CG-2 and CG-3) and one inferred admixture group (CG-4), were identified by a population structure analysis, and verified by principal component and phylogenetic analyses. The highest genetic distance and differentiation coefficients were determined for CG-2 vs CG-3. The lower genetic distance and differentiation coefficients were determined for CG-4 vs CG-2 and CG-4 vs CG-3, respectively. We developed a core set and a primary set. The primary and core sets contained 77.0 and 33.6% of all individuals in the initial set, respectively. The primary set may serve as the primary population in genome-wide association studies, while the core collection may serve as the core population in multiple treatment setting studies. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the genetic diversity and geographical distribution characteristics of cultivated-type tea plants in Guizhou Plateau. Significant differences in genetic diversity and evolutionary direction were detected between the ancient landraces of the Pearl River Basin and the those of the Yangtze River Basin. Major rivers and ancient hubs were largely responsible for the genetic exchange between the Pearl River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin ancient landraces as well as the formation of the ancient hubs evolutionary group. Genetic diversity, population structure and core collection elucidated by this study will facilitate further genetic studies, germplasm protection, and breeding of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Zhao
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Qinfei Song
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Dingchen Bai
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Suzhen Niu
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
- lnstitute of Tea Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Yingqin He
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Dahe Qiao
- lnstitute of Tea Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- lnstitute of Tea Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Caiyun Li
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Tea Science / Tea Engineering Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou Province PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Na C, Ziwen Z, Yeyun L, Xianchen Z. Exogenously applied Spd and Spm enhance drought tolerance in tea plants by increasing fatty acid desaturation and plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 170:225-233. [PMID: 34915283 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, due to their positive charges, bind to ROS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby stabilizing the plasma membrane (PM). Drought is one of the main limiting factors affecting tea plant yield and quality. However, the effect of Spermidine (Spd) or Spermine (Spm) on membrane stability and fluidity in tea plants under drought stress is poorly understood. In this investigation, an exogenous supply of 1 mM Spd or Spm did not mitigate drought stress-induced damage, however, an exogenous supply of 0.2 mM Spd or Spm application significantly alleviated drought-induced damage in tea plants. To further illustrate the role of 0.2 mM Spd or Spm in maintaining membrane integrity and fluidity, the fatty acid percentage and PM H+-ATPase activity were analyzed. Spd and Spm application significantly increased PM H+-ATPase activity by 43.79% compared with that without the addition of polyamine under drought stress. In addition, exogenous application of Spd and Spm also significantly increased C18:3 by approximately 10%, hence alleviating drought-reduced fatty acid unsaturation. In contrast, Spd and Spm metabolic inhibitors dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) further impaired PM H+-ATPase activity and fatty acid desaturation under the drought + DCHA treatment compared with the drought treatment, respectively. Taken together, 0.2 mM Spd and Spm application significantly enhanced drought tolerance by increasing fatty acid unsaturation and maintaining PM H+-ATPase activity in tea plants. Therefore, foliar application of 0.2 mM Spd or Spm can be a potential foliar-spraying substances for improving tea drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Na
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhou Ziwen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Li Yeyun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhang Xianchen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan L, Cui D, Wang L, Liu Q, Zhang D, Hu X, Fu Y, Chen S, Zou Y, Chen W, Wen W, Yang X, Yang Y, Li P, Tang Q. Genetic analysis of the early bud flush trait of tea plants ( Camellia sinensis) in the cultivar 'Emei Wenchun' and its open-pollinated offspring. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac086. [PMID: 35694722 PMCID: PMC9178331 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The timing of bud flush (TBF) in the spring is one of the most important agronomic traits of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). In this study, we designed an open-pollination breeding program using 'Emei Wenchun' (EW, a clonal tea cultivar with extra-early TBF) as a female parent. A half-sib population (n = 388) was selected for genotyping using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. The results enabled the identification of paternity for 294 (75.8%) of the offspring, including 11 (2.8%) from EW selfing and 217 (55.9%) assigned to a common father, 'Chuanmu 217' (CM). The putative EW × CM full-sib population was used to construct a linkage map. The map has 4244 markers distributed in 15 linkage groups, with an average marker distance of 0.34 cM. A high degree of collinearity between the linkage map and physical map was observed. Sprouting index, a trait closely related to TBF, was recorded for the offspring population in 2020 and 2021. The trait had moderate variation, with coefficients of variation of 18.5 and 17.6% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping that was performed using the linkage map identified two major QTLs and three minor QTLs related to the sprouting index. These QTLs are distributed on Chr3, Chr4, Chr5, Chr9, and Chr14 of the reference genome. A total of 1960 predicted genes were found within the confidence intervals of QTLs, and 22 key candidate genes that underlie these QTLs were preliminarily screened. These results are important for breeding and understanding the genetic base of the TBF trait of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Tan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Dong Cui
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liubin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinling Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yidan Fu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqi Wen
- Mingshan Tea Plant Breeding and Reproduce Farm of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625101, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Mingshan Tea Plant Breeding and Reproduce Farm of Sichuan Province, Yaan 625101, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Sichuan Yizhichun Tea Industry Co., Ltd,, Leshan 614503, Sichuan, China
| | - Pinwu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Tea Refining and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Q, Xie S, Zhao X, Liu Y, Xing Y, Dao J, Wei B, Peng Y, Duan W, Wang Z. Drought Sensitivity of Sugarcane Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Patterns in Response to Water Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732989. [PMID: 34745035 PMCID: PMC8568056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere bacteria, the main functional microorganisms inhabiting the roots of terrestrial plants, play important roles in regulating plant growth and environmental stress resistance. However, limited information is available regarding changes occurring within the structure of the root microbial community and the response mechanisms of host plants that improve adaptability to drought stress. In this study, we conducted an experiment on two sugarcane varieties with different drought tolerance levels under drought and control treatments and analyzed the rhizosphere bacterial communities using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Correlation analysis results clarified the influence of various factors on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Drought stress reduced the diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Interestingly, the bacterial community of the drought-sensitive sugarcane cultivar GT39 changed more than that of the drought-tolerant cultivar ZZ9. In addition, ZZ9 had a high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere under optimal soil water conditions, whereas GT39 accumulated a large number of drought-resistant bacteria only under drought stress. GT39 mainly relied on Actinobacteria in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this phylum was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase and protease levels. In contrast, ZZ9 mainly relied on Bacilli in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with only soil acid phosphatase levels. In conclusion, drought stress can significantly reduce the bacterial diversity and increase the abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere. The high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere of drought-tolerant cultivars under non-drought conditions is an important factor contributing to the high drought adaptability of these cultivars. Moreover, the core drought-resistant bacteria of the sugarcane rhizosphere and root exudates jointly affect the resistance of sugarcane to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sasa Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanjun Xing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jicao Dao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Beilei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunchang Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weixing Duan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muoki CR, Maritim TK, Oluoch WA, Kamunya SM, Bore JK. Combating Climate Change in the Kenyan Tea Industry. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32269583 PMCID: PMC7109314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change triggered by global warming poses a major threat to agricultural systems globally. This phenomenon is characterized by emergence of pests and diseases, extreme weather events, such as prolonged drought, high intensity rains, hailstones and frosts, which are becoming more frequent ultimately impacting negatively to agricultural production including rain-fed tea cultivation. Kenya is predominantly an agricultural based economy, with the tea sector generating about 26% of the total export earnings and about 4% gross domestic product (GDP). In the recent years, however, the country has witnessed unstable trends in tea production associated with climate driven stresses. Toward mitigation and adaptation of climate change, multiple approaches for impact assessment, intensity prediction and adaptation have been advanced in the Kenyan tea sub-sector. Further, pressure on tea breeders to release improved climate-compatible cultivars for the rapidly deteriorating environment has resulted in the adoption of a multi-targeted approach seeking to understand the complex molecular regulatory networks associated with biotic and abiotic stresses adaptation and tolerance in tea. Genetic modeling, a powerful tool that assists in breeding process, has also been adopted for selection of tea cultivars for optimal performance under varying climatic conditions. A range of physiological and biochemical responses known to counteract the effects of environmental stresses in most plants that include lowering the rates of cellular growth and net photosynthesis, stomatal closure, and the accumulation of organic solutes such as sugar alcohols, or osmolytes have been used to support breeding programs through screening of new tea cultivars suitable for changing environment. This review describes simulation models combined with high resolution climate change scenarios required to quantify the relative importance of climate change on tea production. In addition, both biodiversity and ecosystem based approaches are described as a part of an overall adaptation strategy to mitigate adverse effects of climate change on tea in Kenya and gaps highlighted for urgent investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chalo Richard Muoki
- Crop Improvement and Management Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Tony Kipkoech Maritim
- Crop Improvement and Management Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Wyclife Agumba Oluoch
- Sustainable Ecosystem Management and Conservation Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Samson Machohi Kamunya
- Crop Improvement and Management Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya
| | - John Kipkoech Bore
- Sustainable Ecosystem Management and Conservation Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Tea Research Institute, Kericho, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang CK, Ma JQ, Liu YF, Chen JD, Ni DJ, Chen L. Identification and distribution of a single nucleotide polymorphism responsible for the catechin content in tea plants. Hortic Res 2020; 7:24. [PMID: 32140233 PMCID: PMC7049304 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Catechins are the predominant products in tea plants and have essential functions for both plants and humans. Several genes encoding the enzymes regulating catechin biosynthesis have been identified, and the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) resulting in nonsynonymous mutations within these genes can be used to establish a functional link to catechin content. Therefore, the transcriptomes of two parents and four filial offspring were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology and aligned to the reference genome to enable SNP mining. Subsequently, 176 tea plant accessions were genotyped based on candidate SNPs using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP). The catechin contents of these samples were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was subsequently performed to determine the relationship between genotypes and catechin content. As a result of these efforts, a SNP within the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene was shown to be functionally associated with catechin content. Furthermore, the geographical and interspecific distribution of this SNP was investigated. Collectively, these results will contribute to the early evaluation of tea plants and serve as a rapid tool for accelerating targeted efforts in tea breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008 China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008 China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008 China
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai, Yunnan 666201 China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008 China
| | - De-Jiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia EH, Tong W, Wu Q, Wei S, Zhao J, Zhang ZZ, Wei CL, Wan XC. Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges and perspectives. Hortic Res 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 31908810 PMCID: PMC6938499 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea is among the world's most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages and possesses enormous economic, health, and cultural values. It is produced from the cured leaves of tea plants, which are important evergreen crops globally cultivated in over 50 countries. Along with recent innovations and advances in biotechnologies, great progress in tea plant genomics and genetics has been achieved, which has facilitated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea quality and the evolution of the tea plant genome. In this review, we briefly summarize the achievements of the past two decades, which primarily include diverse genome and transcriptome sequencing projects, gene discovery and regulation studies, investigation of the epigenetics and noncoding RNAs, origin and domestication, phylogenetics and germplasm utilization of tea plant as well as newly developed tools/platforms. We also present perspectives and possible challenges for future functional genomic studies that will contribute to the acceleration of breeding programs in tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Chao-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng C, Ma JQ, Chen JD, Ma CL, Chen W, Yao MZ, Chen L. Gene Coexpression Networks Reveal Key Drivers of Flavonoid Variation in Eleven Tea Cultivars ( Camellia sinensis). J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9967-9978. [PMID: 31403784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent completion of the draft genome sequence of the tea plant, high-throughput decoding of gene function, especially for those involved in complex secondary metabolic pathways, has become a major challenge. Here, we profiled the metabolome and transcriptome of 11 tea cultivars, and then illustrated a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA)-based system biological strategy to interpret metabolomic flux, predict gene functions, and mine key regulators involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We constructed a multilayered regulatory network, which integrated the gene coexpression relationship with the microRNA target and promoter cis-regulatory element information. This allowed us to reveal new uncharacterized TFs (e.g., MADSs, WRKYs, and SBPs) and microRNAs (including 17 conserved and 15 novel microRNAs) that are potentially implicated in different steps of the catechin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we applied metabolic-signature-based association method to capture additional key regulators involved in catechin pathway. This provides important clues for the functional characterization of five SCPL1A acyltransferase family members, which might be implicated in the production balance of anthocyanins, galloylated catechins, and proanthocyanins. Application of an "omics"-based system biology strategy should facilitate germplasm utilization and provide valuable resources for tea quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Jie-Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| |
Collapse
|