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Huang F, Li X, Ye B, Zhou Y, Dang Z, Tang W, Wang L, Zhang H, Chui W, Kui J. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analyses of Eurytrema coelomaticum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2199. [PMID: 38137020 PMCID: PMC10743053 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eurytrema coelomaticum, a pancreatic fluke, is recognized as a causative agent of substantial economic losses in ruminants. This infection, commonly referred to as eurytrematosis, is a significant concern due to its detrimental impact on livestock production. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the mitochondrial genome of E. coelomaticum. In this study, we performed the initial sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genome of E. coelomaticum. Our findings unveiled that the mitochondrial genome of E. coelomaticum spans a length of 15,831 bp and consists of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and two noncoding regions. The A+T content constituted 62.49% of the genome. Moreover, all 12 protein-coding genes of E. coelomaticum exhibit the same arrangement as those of E. pancreaticum and other published species belonging to the family Dicrocoeliidae. The presence of a short string of additional amino acids (approximately 20~23 aa) at the N-terminal of the cox1 protein in both E. coelomaticum and E. pancreaticum mitochondrial genomes has contributed to the elongation of the cox1 gene in genus Eurytrema, surpassing that of all previously sequenced Dicrocoeliidae. The phylogenetic analysis displayed a close relationship between E. coelomaticum and E. pancreaticum, along with a genus-level association between Eurytrema and Lyperosomum. These findings underscore the importance of mitochondrial genomic data for comparative studies of Dicrocoeliidae and even Digenea, offering valuable DNA markers for future investigations in the systematic, epidemiological, and population genetic studies of this parasite and other digenean trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Bijin Ye
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Yule Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Zhisheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC), World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Haoji Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (X.L.)
| | - Wenting Chui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810003, China
| | - Jun Kui
- Huangzhong District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Xining 811600, China
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Atopkin DM, Semenchenko AA, Solodovnik DA, Ivashko YI. A report on the complete mitochondrial genome of the trematode Azygia robusta Odhner, 1911, its new definitive host from the Russian Far East, and unexpected phylogeny of Azygiidae within Digenea, as inferred from mitogenome sequences. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e69. [PMID: 37655787 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
New data on the complete mitochondrial genome of Azygia robusta (Azygiidae) were obtained by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of A. robusta had a length of 13 857 bp and included 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two non-coding regions. The nucleotide sequences of the complete mitochondrial genomes of two A. robusta specimens differed from each other by 0.12 ± 0.03%. Six of 12 protein-coding genes demonstrated intraspecific variation. The difference between the nucleotide sequences of the complete mitochondrial genomes of A. robusta and Azygia hwangtsiyui was 26.95 ± 0.35%; the interspecific variation of protein-coding genes between A. robusta and A. hwangtsiyui ranged from 20.5 ± 0.9% (cox1) to 30.7 ± 1.2% (nad5). The observed gene arrangement in the mtDNA sequence of A. robusta was identical to that of A. hwangtsiyui. Codon usage and amino acid frequencies were highly similar between A. robusta and A. hwangtsiyui. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA protein-coding regions showed that A. robusta is closely related to A. hwangtsiyui (belonging to the same suborder, Azygiida) that formed a distinct early-diverging branch relative to all other Digenea. A preliminary morphological analysis of paratypes of the two azygiid specimens studied showed visible morphological differences between them. The specimen extracted from Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) was most similar to A. robusta. Thus, we here provide the first record of a new definitive host, P. perryi, for A. robusta and also molecular characteristics of the trematode specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Atopkin
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - A A Semenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - D A Solodovnik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Y I Ivashko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Enabulele EE, Lawton SP, Walker AJ, Kirk RS. Molecular epidemiological analyses reveal extensive connectivity between Echinostoma revolutum (sensu stricto) populations across Eurasia and species richness of zoonotic echinostomatids in England. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0270672. [PMID: 36745633 PMCID: PMC9901765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinostoma revolutum (sensu stricto) is a widely distributed member of the Echinostomatidae, a cosmopolitan family of digenetic trematodes with complex life cycles involving a wide range of definitive hosts, particularly aquatic birds. Integrative taxonomic studies, notably those utilising nad1 barcoding, have been essential in discrimination of E. revolutum (s.s.) within the 'Echinostoma revolutum' species complex and investigation of its molecular diversity. No studies, however, have focussed on factors affecting population genetic structure and connectivity of E. revolutum (s.s.) in Eurasia. Here, we used morphology combined with nad1 and cox1 barcoding to determine the occurrence of E. revolutum (s.s.) and its lymnaeid hosts in England for the first time, in addition to other echinostomatid species Echinoparyphium aconiatum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Analysis of genetic diversity in E. revolutum (s.s.) populations across Eurasia demonstrated haplotype sharing and gene flow, probably facilitated by migratory bird hosts. Neutrality and mismatch distribution analyses support possible recent demographic expansion of the Asian population of E. revolutum (s.s.) (nad1 sequences from Bangladesh and Thailand) and stability in European (nad1 sequences from this study, Iceland and continental Europe) and Eurasian (combined data sets from Europe and Asia) populations with evidence of sub-population structure and selection processes. This study provides new molecular evidence for a panmictic population of E. revolutum (s.s.) in Eurasia and phylogeographically expands the nad1 database for identification of echinostomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egie E. Enabulele
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Scott P. Lawton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Northern Faculty, Scotland’s Rural College, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Walker
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth S. Kirk
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Labony SS, Hossain MS, Hatta T, Dey AR, Mohanta UK, Islam A, Shahiduzzaman M, Hasan MM, Alim MA, Tsuji N, Anisuzzaman. Mammalian and Avian Larval Schistosomatids in Bangladesh: Molecular Characterization, Epidemiology, Molluscan Vectors, and Occurrence of Human Cercarial Dermatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:1213. [PMID: 36297270 PMCID: PMC9609847 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.). Schistosomatids affect a wide array of vertebrate hosts, including humans. In the present study, multiple species of schistosomatids were identified by isolating schistosomatid cercariae (SC) from naturally infected snails. We also described different biotic and abiotic factors influencing SC infections in snails and reported human cercarial dermatitis (HCD) for the first time in Bangladesh. A total of 22,012 snails of seven species: Lymnaea auricularia, L. luteola, Indoplanorbis exustus, Physa acuta, Viviparus bengalensis, Brotia spp., and Thiara spp., were collected and examined. Among these snails, 581 (2.6%) belonging to five species: L. luteola, L. auricularia, P. acuta, I. exustus, and V. bengalensis, were infected with SC. The rate of infection was the highest for L. luteola (11.1%), followed by L. auricularia (5.3%), and was the lowest for V. bengalensis (0.4%). Prevalence in snails was the highest in September (16.8%), followed by October (9.5%) and November (8.8%), and was the lowest in colder months, such as January (1.8%) and February (2.1%). Infections with schistosomatids were more common in larger snails and snails collected from sunny areas. We confirmed the presence of Schistosoma indicum, S. incognitum, S. nasale, S. spindale, and Trichobilharzia szidati by PCR and sequencing. Through a questionnaire survey, we detected HCD in 214 (53.5%) individuals, and the infection rate was almost equally distributed across all professions. Collectively, the present results suggest that lymnaeid snails are the main vector for Schistosoma spp. prevalent in Bangladesh, and schistosomatids with zoonotic potential are also prevalent.
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Krailas D, Namchote S, Komsuwan J, Wongpim T, Apiraksena K, Glaubrecht M, Sonthiporn P, Sansawang C, Suwanrit S. Cercarial dermatitis outbreak caused by ruminant parasite with intermediate snail host: schistosome in Chana, South Thailand. EvolSyst 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.6.87670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A cercarial dermatitis outbreak occurred in Chana district, Songkhla Province, South Thailand, between August and October 2020. A total of 359 cases with cercarial dermatitis were confirmed with three cases of skin biopsy. The species of potential trematodes from infected snails were investigated, and the prevalence of infestation with schistosomes was described. As part of our ongoing studies of trematode diversity in freshwater systems, using morphological traits and sequence data to differentiate species, this study aimed to provide insights into the parasite species that cause cercarial dermatitis in the outbreak area and improve our understanding of parasite species distribution. Snail samples were collected in December 2020 and September and October 2021. Five main areas of outbreaks were investigated, and snails were collected by scooping and examined for infection with cercariae. The cercariae were characterized on the basis of morphological features. We found two species of snails to be infected, viz. Indoplanorbis exustus and Bithynia siamensis siamensis, with infection rates of 2.05% (12/586) and 7.93% (23/290), respectively. Three species of trematodes were found in B. s. siamensis, viz. Gastrothylax crumenifer, Astiotrema monticellii, and Loxogenes liberum. Moreover, three species of trematodes were found in Indoplanorbis exustus, viz. Clinostomum giganticum, Echinostoma spiniferum, and Schistosoma indicum. The latter is a ruminant schistosome, which causes the outbreak of cercarial dermatitis in the area. They were genetically analyzed using the internal transcribed spacer subunit II region to confirm the species identity at generic and infrageneric levels.
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Ivashko YI, Semenchenko AA, Solodovnik DA, Atopkin DM. Characterization of complete mitochondrial genome and ribosomal operon for Carassotrema koreanum Park, 1938 (Digenea: Haploporidae) by means of next-generation sequencing data. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e54. [PMID: 35894440 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We obtained new data on the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the ribosomal operon of the trematode Carassotrema koreanum (Digenea: Haploporata: Haploporidae), an intestinal parasite of Carassius auratus, using next-generation sequencing. The mtDNA of C. koreanum contained 13,965 bp, including 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal genes, 22 transport RNA (tRNA) genes and a non-coding region. The ribosomal operon of C. koreanum was 10,644 bp in length, including ETS1 (1449 bp), 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene (1988 bp), ITS1 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (558 bp), 5.8S rRNA gene (157 bp), ITS2 rDNA (274 bp), 28S rRNA gene (4152 bp) and ETS2 (2066 bp). Phylogenetic analysis based on mtDNA protein-coding regions showed that C. koreanum was closely related to Parasaccocoelium mugili, a species from the same suborder Haploporata. Bayesian phylogenetic tree topology was the most reliable and confirmed the validity of the Haploporata. The results of sequence cluster analysis based on codon usage bias demonstrated some agreement with the results of the phylogenetic analysis. In particular, Schistosoma spp. were differentiated from the other members of Digenea and the members of Pronocephalata were localized within the same cluster. Carassotrema koreanum and P. mugili fell within different clusters. The grouping of C. koreanum and P. mugili within the same cluster was obtained on the basis of frequencies of 13 specified codons, of which three codon pairs were degenerate. A similarity was found between two haploporid species and two Dicrocoelium spp. in the presence of TTG start codon of the mitochondrial nad5 gene. Our results confirmed the taxonomical status of the Haploporata identified in the previous studies and revealed some characteristic features of the codon usage in its representatives.
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Ebbs ET, Loker ES, Bu L, Locke SA, Tkach VV, Devkota R, Flores VR, Pinto HA, Brant SV. Phylogenomics and Diversification of the Schistosomatidae Based on Targeted Sequence Capture of Ultra-Conserved Elements. Pathogens 2022; 11:769. [PMID: 35890014 PMCID: PMC9321907 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall 1898 is a medically significant family of digenetic trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea), members of which infect mammals or birds as definitive hosts and aquatic or amphibious gastropods as intermediate hosts. Currently, there are 17 named genera, for many of which evolutionary interrelationships remain unresolved. The lack of a resolved phylogeny has encumbered our understanding of schistosomatid evolution, specifically patterns of host-use and the role of host-switching in diversification. Here, we used targeted sequence capture of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) from representatives of 13 of the 17 named genera and 11 undescribed lineages that are presumed to represent either novel genera or species to generate a phylogenomic dataset for the estimation of schistosomatid interrelationships. This study represents the largest phylogenetic effort within the Schistosomatidae in both the number of loci and breadth of taxon sampling. We present a near-comprehensive family-level phylogeny providing resolution to several clades of long-standing uncertainty within Schistosomatidae, including resolution for the placement of the North American mammalian schistosomes, implying a second separate capture of mammalian hosts. Additionally, we present evidence for the placement of Macrobilharzia at the base of the Schistosoma + Bivitellobilharzia radiation. Patterns of definitive and intermediate host use and a strong role for intermediate host-switching are discussed relative to schistosomatid diversification.
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Loker ES, DeJong RJ, Brant SV. Scratching the Itch: Updated Perspectives on the Schistosomes Responsible for Swimmer's Itch around the World. Pathogens 2022; 11:587. [PMID: 35631108 PMCID: PMC9144223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most studies of digenetic trematodes of the family Schistosomatidae dwell on representatives causing human schistosomiasis, the majority of the 130 identified species of schistosomes infect birds or non-human mammals. The cercariae of many of these species can cause swimmer's itch when they penetrate human skin. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in our understanding of schistosome diversity, now encompassing 17 genera with eight more lineages awaiting description. Collectively, schistosomes exploit 16 families of caenogastropod or heterobranch gastropod intermediate hosts. Basal lineages today are found in marine gastropods and birds, but subsequent diversification has largely taken place in freshwater, with some reversions to marine habitats. It seems increasingly likely that schistosomes have on two separate occasions colonized mammals. Swimmer's itch is a complex zoonotic disease manifested through several different routes of transmission involving a diversity of different host species. Swimmer's itch also exemplifies the value of adopting the One Health perspective in understanding disease transmission and abundance because the schistosomes involved have complex life cycles that interface with numerous species and abiotic components of their aquatic environments. Given the progress made in revealing their diversity and biology, and the wealth of questions posed by itch-causing schistosomes, they provide excellent models for implementation of long-term interdisciplinary studies focused on issues pertinent to disease ecology, the One Health paradigm, and the impacts of climate change, biological invasions and other environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasites Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Randall J. DeJong
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA;
| | - Sara V. Brant
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasites Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
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Pham LTK, Saijuntha W, Lawton SP, Le TH. Mitophylogenomics of the zoonotic fluke Echinostoma malayanum confirms it as a member of the genus Artyfechinostomum Lane, 1915 and illustrates the complexity of Echinostomatidae systematics. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:899-913. [PMID: 35142926 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome or mtDNA) of the trematode Echinostoma malayanum Leiper, 1911 was fully determined and annotated. The circular mtDNA molecule comprised 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (cox1 - 3, cob, nad1 - 6, nad4L, atp6), two mitoribosomal RNAs (MRGs) (16S or rrnL and 12S or rrnS), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs or trn), and a non-coding region (NCR) rich in long and short tandem repeats (5.5 LRUs/336 bp/each and 7.5 SRUs/207 bp/each). The atp8 gene is absent and the 3' end of nad4L overlaps the 5' end of nad4 by 40 bp. Special DHU-arm missing tRNAs for Serine were found for both tRNASer1(AGN) and tRNASer2(UCN). Codons of TTT (for phenylalanine), TTG (for leucine), and GTT (for valine) were the most, and CGC (for Arginine) was the least frequently used. A similar usage pattern was seen in base composition, AT and GC skewness for PCGs, MRGs, and mtDNA* (coding cox3 to nad5) in E. malayanum and Echinostomatidae. The nucleotide use is characterized by (T > G > A > C) for PCGs/mtDNA*, and by (T > G ≈ A > C) for MRGs. E. malayanum exhibited the lowest genetic distance (0.53%) to Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex, relatively high to the Echinostoma congeners (13.20-13.99%), higher to Hypoderaeum conoideum (16.18%), and the highest to interfamilial Echinochasmidae (26.62%); Cyclocoelidae (30.24%); and Himasthlidae (25.36%). Topology indicated the monophyletic position between E. malayanum/A. sufrartyfex and the group of Echinostoma caproni, Echinostoma paraensei, Echinostoma miyagawai, and Echinostoma revolutum, rendering Hypoderaeum conoideum and unidentified Echinostoma species paraphyletic. The strictly closed genomic/taxonomic/phylogenetic features (including base composition, skewness, codon usage/bias, genetic distance, and topo-position) reinforced Echinostoma malayanum to retake its generic validity within the Artyfechinostomum genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Khanh Pham
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute (WRBRI), Biodiversity and Conservation Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Kham Riang, 44150, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Scott P Lawton
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Northern Faculty, Scotland's Rural College, An Lóchran, 10 Inverness Campus, Inverness, IV2 5NA, UK
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Wang X, Ruan L, Song Q, Wang W, Tong P, Kuang D, Lu C, Li N, Han Y, Dai J, Sun X. First report of Schistosoma sinensium infecting Tupaia belangeri and Tricula sp. LF. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 14:84-90. [PMID: 33537205 PMCID: PMC7843412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma sinensium belongs to the Asian Schistosoma and is transmitted by freshwater snails of the genus Tricula. Rodents are known definitive hosts of S. sinensium. In 2016, suspected schistosome eggs were found in the feces of the northern tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) in a field in Lufeng County (latitude, 25°04'50″ N; longitude, 102°19'30″ E; altitude 1820 m), Yunnan Province, China. Morphological analysis suggested that the schistosome was S. sinensium. 18S, 12S and CO1 genes sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that this species had the highest similarity to and occupied the same evolutionary branch as S. sinensium from Mianzhu, Sichuan, China. Meanwhile, based on 16S and 28S rDNA sequencing and morphological identification, the snail intermediate host was identified as a species of Tricula, and was found in irrigation channels. Phylogeny indicated that Tricula sp. LF was a sister taxon to T. bambooensis, T. ludongbini. The S. sinensium was able to experimentally infect the captive-bred Tupaia belangeri, and Schistosoma eggs were recovered from all Tupaia belangeri exposed. In this study, we report the infection of Tupaia belangeri and Tricula sp. LF with S. sinensium in Lufeng, Yunnan, southwest China. These findings may improve our understanding of the host range, evolution, distribution, and phylogenetic position of S. sinensium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Leiying Ruan
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Qingkai Song
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Dexuan Kuang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College. Kunming, 650118, PR China
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Rey O, Toulza E, Chaparro C, Allienne JF, Kincaid-Smith J, Mathieu-Begné E, Allan F, Rollinson D, Webster BL, Boissier J. Diverging patterns of introgression from Schistosoma bovis across S. haematobium African lineages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009313. [PMID: 33544762 PMCID: PMC7891765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is a fascinating evolutionary phenomenon that raises the question of how species maintain their integrity. Inter-species hybridization occurs between certain Schistosoma species that can cause important public health and veterinary issues. In particular hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis associated with humans and animals respectively are frequently identified in Africa. Recent genomic evidence indicates that some S. haematobium populations show signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Here, we conducted a genomic comparative study and investigated the genomic relationships between S. haematobium, S. bovis and their hybrids using 19 isolates originating from a wide geographical range over Africa, including samples initially classified as S. haematobium (n = 11), S. bovis (n = 6) and S. haematobium x S. bovis hybrids (n = 2). Based on a whole genomic sequencing approach, we developed 56,181 SNPs that allowed a clear differentiation of S. bovis isolates from a genomic cluster including all S. haematobium isolates and a natural S. haematobium-bovis hybrid. All the isolates from the S. haematobium cluster except the isolate from Madagascar harbored signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Isolates from Corsica, Mali and Egypt harbored the S. bovis-like Invadolysin gene, an introgressed tract that has been previously detected in some introgressed S. haematobium populations from Niger. Together our results highlight the fact that introgression from S. bovis is widespread across S. haematobium and that the observed introgression is unidirectional. Hybridization is a fascinating evolutionary phenomenon that raises the question of how species maintain their integrity. Inter-species hybridization occurs between certain Schistosoma species that can cause important public health and veterinary issues. In particular hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis associated with humans and animals respectively are frequently identified in Africa. Recent genomic evidence indicates that some S. haematobium populations show signatures of genomic introgression from S. bovis. Here we conducted a comparative genomic study to assess the genomic diversity within S. haematobium and S. bovis species and genetic differentation at the genome scale between these two sister species over the African continent. We also investigated traces of possible ancient introgression from one species to another. We found that S. haematobium display low genetic diversity compared to S. bovis. We also found that most S. haematobium samples harbor signature of past introgression with S. bovis at some genomic positions. Our results strongly suggest that introgression occurred long time ago and that such introgression is unidirectional from S. bovis within S. haematobium. Such introgresssion event(s) result in diverging patterns of genomic introgression across S. haematobium lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rey
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Eve Toulza
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, Perpignan, France
| | | | | | - Julien Kincaid-Smith
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, Perpignan, France
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences (PPS), Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiona Allan
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Rollinson
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie L. Webster
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, Perpignan, France
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Serra V, Gammuto L, Nitla V, Castelli M, Lanzoni O, Sassera D, Bandi C, Sandeep BV, Verni F, Modeo L, Petroni G. Morphology, ultrastructure, genomics, and phylogeny of Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki sp. nov. and its ultra-reduced endosymbiont "Candidatus Pinguicoccus supinus" sp. nov. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20311. [PMID: 33219271 PMCID: PMC7679464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics and, more recently, on evolutionary relationships. With the birth of novel genomics/bioinformatics techniques and the increasing interest in microbiome studies, a further advance of taxonomic discipline appears not only possible but highly desirable. The present work proposes a new approach to modern taxonomy, consisting in the inclusion of novel descriptors in the organism characterization: (1) the presence of associated microorganisms (e.g.: symbionts, microbiome), (2) the mitochondrial genome of the host, (3) the symbiont genome. This approach aims to provide a deeper comprehension of the evolutionary/ecological dimensions of organisms since their very first description. Particularly interesting, are those complexes formed by the host plus associated microorganisms, that in the present study we refer to as "holobionts". We illustrate this approach through the description of the ciliate Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki sp. nov. and its bacterial endosymbiont "Candidatus Pinguicoccus supinus" gen. nov., sp. nov. The endosymbiont possesses an extremely reduced genome (~ 163 kbp); intriguingly, this suggests a high integration between host and symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Serra
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leandro Gammuto
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Venkatamahesh Nitla
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Castelli
- Department of Biosciences, Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivia Lanzoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Franco Verni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Modeo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- CIME, Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Pisa, India.
| | - Giulio Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4/6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- CIME, Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Pisa, India.
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Rajapakse RPVJ, Pham KLT, Karunathilake KJK, Lawton SP, Le TH. Characterization and phylogenetic properties of the complete mitochondrial genome of Fascioloides jacksoni (syn. Fasciola jacksoni) support the suggested intergeneric change from Fasciola to Fascioloides (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Plagiorchiida). Infect Genet Evol 2020; 82:104281. [PMID: 32165245 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fascioloides jacksoni (syn. Fasciola jacksoni, Cobbold, 1869) (Platyhelminthes: Echinostomatoidea), is a liver fluke that causes severe morbidity and mortality of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus maximus). Understandings on molecular diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics and evolution of this flatworm are limited. In this study, we present the complete mitochondrial DNA (mt) sequence of 14,952 bp obtained from an individual fluke and comparative characterization of mitogenomic features with fasciolids, primarily, Fascioloides magna and other taxa in the superfamily Echinostomatoidea. Taxonomic relationship within and between Echinostomatoidea, Opisthorchioidea and Paramphistomoidea in the order Plagiorchiida, are also taxonomically considered. The complete circular mt molecule of Fas. jacksoni contained 12 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding region (NCR) rich in tandem repeat units. As common in digenean trematodes, Fas. jacksoni has the usual gene order, the absence of atp8 and the overlapped region by 40 bp between nad4L and nad4 genes. The NCR located between tRNAGlu (trnE) and cox3 contained nine nearly identical tandem repeat units (TRs of 113 bp each). Special DHU-arm missing tRNAs for Serine were found for both, tRNAS1(AGN) and tRNAS2(UCN). Base composition indicated that cox1 of Fas. jacksoni showed the lowest (11.8% to Fas. magna, 12.9 - 13.6% to Fasciola spp. and 18.1% to Fasciolopsis buski) and nad6 the highest divergence rate (19.2%, 23.8-26.5% and 27.2% to each fasciolid group), respectively. A clear bias in nucleotide composition, as of 61.68%, 62.88% and 61.54%, with a negative AT-skew of the corresponding values (-0.523, -0.225 and - 0.426) for PCGs, MRGs and mtDNA for Fas. jacksoni and likewise data for the fasciolids. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the sister branch of Fas. jacksoni and Fas. magna with the nodal support of 100%, clearly separated from the taxonomically recognized Fasciola spp. With the previous studies, mitogenomic data presented in this study are strongly supportive for Fasciola jacksoni reappraisal as Fascioloides jacksoni in the Fascioloides genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P V J Rajapakse
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Khanh Linh Thi Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - K J Kumari Karunathilake
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Scott P Lawton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology (GUST), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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