1
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Kistenmacher S, Schwämmle M, Martin G, Ulrich E, Tholen S, Schilling O, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bucher F, Schlunck G, Nazarenko I, Reinhard T, Polisetti N. Enrichment, Characterization, and Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Limbal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Melanocytes. Cells 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 38607062 PMCID: PMC11011788 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) rely on their niche environment for proper functionality and self-renewal. While extracellular vesicles (EV), specifically small EVs (sEV), have been proposed to support LEPC homeostasis, data on sEV derived from limbal niche cells like limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) remain limited, and there are no studies on sEVs from limbal melanocytes (LM). In this study, we isolated sEV from conditioned media of LMSC and LM using a combination of tangential flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography and characterized them by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, multiplex bead arrays, and quantitative mass spectrometry. The internalization of sEV by LEPC was studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The isolated sEVs exhibited typical EV characteristics, including cell-specific markers such as CD90 for LMSC-sEV and Melan-A for LM-sEV. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteomic data suggested a significant role of sEVs in extracellular matrix deposition, with LMSC-derived sEV containing proteins involved in collagen remodeling and cell matrix adhesion, whereas LM-sEV proteins were implicated in other cellular bioprocesses such as cellular pigmentation and development. Moreover, fluorescently labeled LMSC-sEV and LM-sEV were taken up by LEPC and localized to their perinuclear compartment. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex role of sEV from niche cells in regulating the human limbal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kistenmacher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwämmle
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Martin
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ulrich
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Puistola P, Kethiri A, Nurminen A, Turkki J, Hopia K, Miettinen S, Mörö A, Skottman H. Cornea-Specific Human Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Corneal Stroma Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:15761-15772. [PMID: 38513048 PMCID: PMC10995904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing tissue-specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) is vital for replicating the composition of native tissues and developing biologically relevant biomaterials. Human- or animal-derived donor tissues and organs are the current gold standard for the source of these ECMs. To overcome the several limitations related to these ECM sources, including the highly limited availability of donor tissues, cell-derived ECM offers an alternative approach for engineering tissue-specific biomaterials, such as bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. 3D bioprinting is a state-of-the-art biofabrication technology that addresses the global need for donor tissues and organs. In fact, there is a vast global demand for human donor corneas that are used for treating corneal blindness, often resulting from damage in the corneal stromal microstructure. Human adipose tissue is one of the most abundant tissues and easy to access, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a highly advantageous cell type for tissue engineering. Furthermore, hASCs have already been studied in clinical trials for treating corneal stromal pathologies. In this study, a corneal stroma-specific ECM was engineered without the need for donor corneas by differentiating hASCs toward corneal stromal keratocytes (hASC-CSKs). Furthermore, this ECM was utilized as a component for corneal stroma-specific bioink where hASC-CSKs were printed to produce corneal stroma structures. This cost-effective approach combined with a clinically relevant cell type provides valuable information on developing more sustainable tissue-specific solutions and advances the field of corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Puistola
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Abhinav Kethiri
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Antti Nurminen
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Johannes Turkki
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Karoliina Hopia
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult
Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Tays
Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Mörö
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
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3
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Procházková A, Poláchová M, Dítě J, Netuková M, Studený P. Chemical, Physical, and Biological Corneal Decellularization Methods: A Review of Literature. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:1191462. [PMID: 38567029 PMCID: PMC10985644 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1191462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is one of the most commonly transplanted tissues worldwide. It is used to restore vision when severe visual impairment or blindness occurs in patients with corneal diseases or after trauma. Due to the global shortage of healthy donor corneas, decellularized corneal tissue has significant potential as an alternative to corneal transplantation. It preserves the native and biological ultrastructure of the cornea and, therefore, represents the most promising scaffold. This article discusses different methods of corneal decellularization based on the current literature. We searched PubMed.gov for articles from January 2009 to December 2023 using the following keywords: corneal decellularization, decellularization methods, and corneal transplantation. Although several methods of decellularization of corneal tissue have been reported, a universal standardised protocol of corneal decellularization has not yet been introduced. In general, a combination of decellularization methods has been used for efficient decellularization while preserving the optimal properties of the corneal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Procházková
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Medical Faculty, Srobarova 1150/50, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Poláchová
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Medical Faculty, Srobarova 1150/50, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Dítě
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Medical Faculty, Srobarova 1150/50, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Netuková
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Medical Faculty, Srobarova 1150/50, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Studený
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and 3rd Medical Faculty, Srobarova 1150/50, Prague 10 100 34, Czech Republic
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4
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Ahadi M, Ramin S, Abbasi A, Tahmouri H, Hosseini SB. Mini review: human clinical studies of stem cell therapy in keratoconus. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38263090 PMCID: PMC10804477 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment of keratoconus is one of the most interesting research fields for researchers in the world. Regenerative medicine based on human stem cells in the treatment of keratoconus has recently received attention. Despite extensive laboratory and animal studies in regenerative medicine of cornea, there are limited clinical studies in keratoconus. These studies showed promising results of stem cell therapy. In initial studies, the transplantation of these cells into stroma was associated with increased vision and improved corneal parameters without side effects. In this article, we tried to review different aspects of keratoconus stem cell therapy, including cell extraction and culture, surgical procedure, effectiveness and safety of this method in human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ahadi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Ramin
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Incubation Center for Pharmaceutical Technology (ICPT), Cell Therapy Department, Red Crescent Pharmaceutical and Clinical Complex, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Incubation Center for Pharmaceutical Technology (ICPT), Cell Therapy Department, Red Crescent Pharmaceutical and Clinical Complex, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tahmouri
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Bagher Hosseini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Chen TA, Sharma D, Jia W, Ha D, Man K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Kamp TJ, Zhao F. Detergent-Based Decellularization for Anisotropic Cardiac-Specific Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Generation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:551. [PMID: 37999192 PMCID: PMC10669368 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has become increasingly popular in tissue engineering applications due to its ability to provide tailored signals for desirable cellular responses. Anisotropic cardiac-specific ECM scaffold decellularized from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) mimics the native cardiac microenvironment and provides essential biochemical and signaling cues to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of two detergent-based decellularization methods: (1) a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (EDTA + SDS) and (2) a combination of sodium deoxycholate and deoxyribonuclease (SD + DNase), in preserving the composition and bioactive substances within the aligned ECM scaffold while maximumly removing cellular components. The decellularization effects were evaluated by characterizing the ECM morphology, quantifying key structural biomacromolecules, and measuring preserved growth factors. Results showed that both treatments met the standard of cell removal (less than 50 ng/mg ECM dry weight) and substantially preserved major ECM biomacromolecules and growth factors. The EDTA + SDS treatment was more time-efficient and has been determined to be a more efficient method for generating an anisotropic ECM scaffold from aligned hiPSC-CFs. Moreover, this cardiac-specific ECM has demonstrated effectiveness in supporting the alignment of hiPSC-CMs and their expression of mature structural and functional proteins in in vitro cultures, which is crucial for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Donggi Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kun Man
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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6
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Wang X, Elbahrawi RT, Abdukadir AM, Ali ZM, Chan V, Corridon PR. A proposed model of xeno-keratoplasty using 3D printing and decellularization. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193606. [PMID: 37799970 PMCID: PMC10548234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal opacity is a leading cause of vision impairment and suffering worldwide. Transplantation can effectively restore vision and reduce chronic discomfort. However, there is a considerable shortage of viable corneal graft tissues. Tissue engineering may address this issue by advancing xeno-keratoplasty as a viable alternative to conventional keratoplasty. In particular, livestock decellularization strategies offer the potential to generate bioartificial ocular prosthetics in sufficient supply to match existing and projected needs. To this end, we have examined the best practices and characterizations that have supported the current state-of-the-art driving preclinical and clinical applications. Identifying the challenges that delimit activities to supplement the donor corneal pool derived from acellular scaffolds allowed us to hypothesize a model for keratoprosthesis applications derived from livestock combining 3D printing and decellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawdah Taha Elbahrawi
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azhar Mohamud Abdukadir
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara Mohammed Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Hleathcare, Engineering and Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Acosta AC, Sun M, Zafrullah N, Avila MY, Margo CE, Espana EM. Stromal matrix directs corneal fibroblasts to re-express keratocan after injury and transplantation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050090. [PMID: 37702214 PMCID: PMC10508697 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Every tissue has an extracellular matrix (ECM) with certain properties unique to it - the tissue 'niche' - that are necessary for normal function. A distinct specific population of quiescent keratocan-expressing keratocytes populate the corneal stroma during homeostasis to maintain corneal function. However, during wound healing, when there is alteration of the niche conditions, keratocytes undergo apoptosis, and activated corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts attempt to restore tissue integrity and function. It is unknown what the fate of activated and temporary fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is after the wound healing process has resolved. In this study, we used several strategies to elucidate the cellular dynamics of corneal wound healing and the fate of corneal fibroblasts. We injured the cornea of a novel mouse model that allows cell-lineage tracing, and we transplanted a cell suspension of in vitro-expanded corneal fibroblasts that could be tracked after being relocated into normal stroma. These transplanted fibroblasts regained expression of keratocan in vivo when relocated to a normal stromal niche. These findings suggest that transformed fibroblasts maintain plasticity and can be induced to a keratocyte phenotype once relocated to an ECM with normal signaling ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Acosta
- Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health, 13330 USF Laurel Dr 4th floor, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Mei Sun
- Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health, 13330 USF Laurel Dr 4th floor, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Nabeel Zafrullah
- Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health, 13330 USF Laurel Dr 4th floor, Tampa FL 33612, USA
| | - Marcel Y. Avila
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Department of Ophthalmology, Bogota 111311, Colombia
| | - Curtis E. Margo
- Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health, 13330 USF Laurel Dr 4th floor, Tampa FL 33612, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Edgar M. Espana
- Cornea and External Disease, Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health, 13330 USF Laurel Dr 4th floor, Tampa FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
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8
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Hatami-Marbini H, Emu ME. The role of KS GAGs in the microstructure of CXL-treated corneal stroma; a transmission electron microscopy study. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109476. [PMID: 37068601 PMCID: PMC10826592 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical and physical properties of the cornea originate from the microstructure and composition of its extracellular matrix. It is known that collagen fibrils, with a relatively uniform diameter, are organized in a pseudo-hexagonal array. It has been suggested that proteoglycans and the interaction of their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains with themselves and collagen fibrils are important for collagen fibril organization inside the cornea. There are several diseases such as keratoconus in which the regular collagen fibrillar packing becomes distorted causing corneal optical and mechanical properties to be compromised. The primary purpose of the present work was to investigate the role of GAGs on the microstructure of corneal extracellular matrix before and after corneal crosslinking (CXL) treatment. For this purpose, keratan sulphates (KS) were removed from corneal samples using the keratanase enzyme and the CXL procedure was used to crosslink the specimens. The transmission electron microscopy was then used to characterize the diameter of collagen fibrils and their interfibrillar spacing. It was found that KS GAG depletion increased the collagen interfibrillar spacing while the CXL treatment significantly decreased the interfibrillar spacing. The enzyme and CXL treatments had an insignificant effect on the diameter of collagen fibrils. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these observations were discussed in terms of the assumption that GAG chains form duplexes that behave as tiny ropes holding collagen fibrils in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatami-Marbini
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M E Emu
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Pantic IV, Cumic J, Valjarevic S, Shakeel A, Wang X, Vurivi H, Daoud S, Chan V, Petroianu GA, Shibru MG, Ali ZM, Nesic D, Salih AE, Butt H, Corridon PR. Computational approaches for evaluating morphological changes in the corneal stroma associated with decellularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1105377. [PMID: 37304146 PMCID: PMC10250676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized corneas offer a promising and sustainable source of replacement grafts, mimicking native tissue and reducing the risk of immune rejection post-transplantation. Despite great success in achieving acellular scaffolds, little consensus exists regarding the quality of the decellularized extracellular matrix. Metrics used to evaluate extracellular matrix performance are study-specific, subjective, and semi-quantitative. Thus, this work focused on developing a computational method to examine the effectiveness of corneal decellularization. We combined conventional semi-quantitative histological assessments and automated scaffold evaluations based on textual image analyses to assess decellularization efficiency. Our study highlights that it is possible to develop contemporary machine learning (ML) models based on random forests and support vector machine algorithms, which can identify regions of interest in acellularized corneal stromal tissue with relatively high accuracy. These results provide a platform for developing machine learning biosensing systems for evaluating subtle morphological changes in decellularized scaffolds, which are crucial for assessing their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Pantic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Visegradska 26/II, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jelena Cumic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Valjarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adeeba Shakeel
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Vurivi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sayel Daoud
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Georg A. Petroianu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meklit G. Shibru
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara M. Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dejan Nesic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Visegradska 26/II, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ahmed E. Salih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Wang X, Shakeel A, Salih AE, Vurivi H, Daoud S, Desidery L, Khan RL, Shibru MG, Ali ZM, Butt H, Chan V, Corridon PR. A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1133122. [PMID: 37180037 PMCID: PMC10168539 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness globally that stems from various etiologies. High-throughput platforms that can generate substantial quantities of corneal grafts will be invaluable in addressing the existing global demand for keratoplasty. Slaughterhouses generate substantial quantities of underutilized biological waste that can be repurposed to reduce current environmentally unfriendly practices. Such efforts to support sustainability can simultaneously drive the development of bioartificial keratoprostheses. Methods: Scores of discarded eyes from the prominent Arabian sheep breeds in our surrounding region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were repurposed to generate native and acellular corneal keratoprostheses. Acellular corneal scaffolds were created using a whole-eye immersion/agitation-based decellularization technique with a widely available, eco-friendly, and inexpensive 4% zwitterionic biosurfactant solution (Ecover, Malle, Belgium). Conventional approaches like DNA quantification, ECM fibril organization, scaffold dimensions, ocular transparency and transmittance, surface tension measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine corneal scaffold composition. Results: Using this high-throughput system, we effectively removed over 95% of the native DNA from native corneas while retaining the innate microarchitecture that supported substantial light transmission (over 70%) after reversing opacity, a well-established hallmark of decellularization and long-term native corneal storage, with glycerol. FTIR data revealed the absence of spectral peaks in the frequency range 2849 cm-1 to 3075 cm-1, indicating the effective removal of the residual biosurfactant post-decellularization. Surface tension studies confirmed the FTIR data by capturing the surfactant's progressive and effectual removal through tension measurements ranging from approximately 35 mN/m for the 4% decellularizing agent to 70 mN/m for elutes highlighting the effective removal of the detergent. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first dataset to be generated outlining a platform that can produce dozens of ovine acellular corneal scaffolds that effectively preserve ocular transparency, transmittance, and ECM components using an eco-friendly surfactant. Analogously, decellularization technologies can support corneal regeneration with attributes comparable to native xenografts. Thus, this study presents a simplified, inexpensive, and scalable high-throughput corneal xenograft platform to support tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and circular economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adeeba Shakeel
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed E. Salih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Vurivi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sayel Daoud
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Desidery
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raheema L. Khan
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meklit G. Shibru
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zehara M. Ali
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Polisetti N, Martin G, Cristina Schmitz HR, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. Characterization of Porcine Ocular Surface Epithelial Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087543. [PMID: 37108705 PMCID: PMC10145510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine ocular surface is used as a model of the human ocular surface; however, a detailed characterization of the porcine ocular surface has not been documented. This is due, in part, to the scarcity of antibodies produced specifically against the porcine ocular surface cell types or structures. We performed a histological and immunohistochemical investigation on frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ocular surface tissue from domestic pigs using a panel of 41 different antibodies related to epithelial progenitor/differentiation phenotypes, extracellular matrix and associated molecules, and various niche cell types. Our observations suggested that the Bowman's layer is not evident in the cornea; the deep invaginations of the limbal epithelium in the limbal zone are analogous to the limbal interpalisade crypts of human limbal tissue; and the presence of goblet cells in the bulbar conjunctiva. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the epithelial progenitor markers cytokeratin (CK)15, CK14, p63α, and P-cadherin were expressed in both the limbal and conjunctival basal epithelium, whereas the basal cells of the limbal and conjunctival epithelium did not stain for CK3, CK12, E-cadherin, and CK13. Antibodies detecting marker proteins related to the extracellular matrix (collagen IV, Tenascin-C), cell-matrix adhesion (β-dystroglycan, integrin α3 and α6), mesenchymal cells (vimentin, CD90, CD44), neurons (neurofilament), immune cells (HLA-ABC; HLA-DR, CD1, CD4, CD14), vasculature (von Willebrand factor), and melanocytes (SRY-homeobox-10, human melanoma black-45, Tyrosinase) on the normal human ocular surface demonstrated similar immunoreactivity on the normal porcine ocular surface. Only a few antibodies (directed against N-cadherin, fibronectin, agrin, laminin α3 and α5, melan-A) appeared unreactive on porcine tissues. Our findings characterize the main immunohistochemical properties of the porcine ocular surface and provide a morphological and immunohistochemical basis useful to research using porcine models. Furthermore, the analyzed porcine ocular structures are similar to those of humans, confirming the potential usefulness of pig eyes to study ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Martin
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heidi R Cristina Schmitz
- CEMT-Freiburg, Experimental Surgery, Hospital-Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Ra’oh NA, Man RC, Fauzi MB, Ghafar NA, Buyong MR, Hwei NM, Halim WHWA. Recent Approaches to the Modification of Collagen Biomatrix as a Corneal Biomatrix and Its Cellular Interaction. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071766. [PMID: 37050380 PMCID: PMC10097332 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, numerous modifications and advancements have been made to design the optimal corneal biomatrix for corneal epithelial cell (CECs) or limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) carriers. However, researchers have yet to discover the ideal optimization strategies for corneal biomatrix design and its effects on cultured CECs or LESCs. This review discusses and summarizes recent optimization strategies for developing an ideal collagen biomatrix and its interactions with CECs and LESCs. Using PRISMA guidelines, articles published from June 2012 to June 2022 were systematically searched using Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, PubMed, Wiley, and EBSCOhost databases. The literature search identified 444 potential relevant published articles, with 29 relevant articles selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria following screening and appraising processes. Physicochemical and biocompatibility (in vitro and in vivo) characterization methods are highlighted, which are inconsistent throughout various studies. Despite the variability in the methodology approach, it is postulated that the modification of the collagen biomatrix improves its mechanical and biocompatibility properties toward CECs and LESCs. All findings are discussed in this review, which provides a general view of recent trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amalia Ra’oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rohaina Che Man
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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13
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Khan RL, Khraibi AA, Dumée LF, Corridon PR. From waste to wealth: Repurposing slaughterhouse waste for xenotransplantation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1091554. [PMID: 36815880 PMCID: PMC9935833 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Slaughterhouses produce large quantities of biological waste, and most of these materials are underutilized. In many published reports, the possibility of repurposing this form of waste to create biomaterials, fertilizers, biogas, and feeds has been discussed. However, the employment of particular offal wastes in xenotransplantation has yet to be extensively uncovered. Overall, viable transplantable tissues and organs are scarce, and developing bioartificial components using such discarded materials may help increase their supply. This perspective manuscript explores the viability and sustainability of readily available and easily sourced slaughterhouse waste, such as blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and tracheas, as starting materials in xenotransplantation derived from decellularization technologies. The manuscript also examines the innovative use of animal stem cells derived from the excreta to create a bioartificial tissue/organ platform that can be translated to humans. Institutional and governmental regulatory approaches will also be outlined to support this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheema L. Khan
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali A. Khraibi
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ludovic F. Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen (RICH), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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14
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Polisetti N, Rapp J, Liang P, Dettmer-Monaco V, Bucher F, Pruszak J, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Cathomen T, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. Transcriptomic Landscape and Functional Characterization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36497012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a complex, multifactorial disease affecting limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC), which are essential for maintaining corneal stability and transparency. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC-) LEPC are a promising cell source for the treatment of LSCD. However, their similarity to native tissue-derived (T-) LEPC and their functional characterization has not been studied in detail. Here, we show that hiPSC-LEPC and T-LEPC have rather similar gene expression patterns, colony-forming ability, wound-healing capacity, and melanosome uptake. In addition, hiPSC-LEPC exhibited lower immunogenicity and reduced the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with T-LEPC. Similarly, the hiPSC-LEPC secretome reduced the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells more than the T-LEPC secretome. Moreover, hiPSC-LEPC successfully repopulated decellularized human corneolimbal (DHC/L) scaffolds with multilayered epithelium, while basal deposition of fibrillary material was observed. These findings suggest that hiPSC-LEPC exhibited functional properties close to native LEPC and that hiPSC-LEPC-DHC/L scaffolds might be feasible for transplantation in patients suffering from LSCD in the future. Although hiPSC-LEPC-based stem cell therapy is promising, the current study also revealed new challenges, such as abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, that need to be overcome before hiPSC-LEPC-based stem cell therapies are viable.
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15
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Rathod S. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPNs) in ophthalmic drug delivery: Breaking the barriers. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1063-1074. [PMID: 36053474 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To maintain the therapeutic drug concentration for a prolonged period of time in aqueous and vitreous humor is primary challenge for ophthalmic drug delivery. Majority of the locally administered drug into the eye is lost as to natural reflexes like blinking and lacrimation resulting in the short span of drug residence. Consequently, less than 5% of the applied drug penetrate through the cornea and reaches the intraocular tissues. The major targets for optimal ophthalmic drug delivery are increasing drug residence time in cul-de-sac of the eye, prolonging intraocular exposure, modulating drug release from the delivery system, and minimizing pre-corneal drug loss. Development of in situ gel, contact lens, intraocular lens, inserts, artificial cornea, scaffold, etc., for ophthalmic drug delivery are few approaches to achieve these major targeted objectives for delivering the drug optimally. Interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) or smart hydrogels or stimuli sensitive hydrogels are the class of polymers that can help to achieve the targets in ophthalmic drug delivery due to their versatility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. These novel ''smart" materials can alter their molecular configuration and result in volume phase transition in response to environmental stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, electric and magnetic field. Hydrogel and tissue interaction, mechanical/tensile properties, pore size and surface chemistry of IPNs can also be modulated for tuning the drug release kinetics. Stimuli sensitive IPNs has been widely exploited to prepare in situ gelling formulations for ophthalmic drug delivery. Low refractive index hydrogel biomaterials with high water content, soft tissue-like physical properties, wettability, oxygen, glucose permeability and desired biocompatibility makes IPNs versatile candidate for contact lenses and corneal implants. This review article focuses on the exploration of these smart polymeric networks/IPNs for therapeutically improved ophthalmic drug delivery that has unfastened novel arenas in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rathod
- Maliba Pharmacy College, UKA Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar Campus, Surat, 394350, India. .,Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, 391760, India.
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16
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Polisetti N, Sharaf L, Martin G, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. P-Cadherin Is Expressed by Epithelial Progenitor Cells and Melanocytes in the Human Corneal Limbus. Cells 2022; 11:1975. [PMID: 35741104 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) and surrounding niche cells, which include limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) and melanocytes (LM), are essential for the maintenance of the limbal stem cell niche required for a transparent corneal surface. P-cadherin (P-cad) is a critical stem cell niche adhesion molecule at various epithelial stem cell niches; however, conflicting observations were reported on the presence of P-cad in the limbal region. To explore this issue, we assessed the location and phenotype of P-cad+ cells by confocal microscopy of human corneoscleral tissue. In subsequent fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) experiments, we used antibodies against P-cad along with CD90 and CD117 for the enrichment of LEPC, LMSC and LM, respectively. The sorted cells were characterized by immunophenotyping and the repopulation of decellularized limbal scaffolds was evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that P-cad is expressed by epithelial progenitor cells as well as melanocytes in the human limbal epithelial stem cell niche. The modified flow sorting addressing P-cad as well as CD90 and CD117 yielded enriched LEPC (CD90−CD117−P-cad+) and pure populations of LMSC (CD90+CD117−P-cad−) and LM (CD90−CD117+P-cad+). The enriched LEPC showed the expression of epithelial progenitor markers and better colony-forming ability than their P-cad− counterparts. The cultured LEPC and LM exhibited P-cad expression at intercellular junctions and successfully repopulated decellularized limbal scaffolds. These data suggest that P-cad is a critical cell–cell adhesion molecule, connecting LEPC and LM, which may play an important role in the long-term maintenance of LEPC at the limbal stem cell niche; moreover, these findings led to further improvement of cell enrichment protocols to enhance the yield of LEPC.
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17
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Li S, Zenkel M, Kruse FE, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Melanocyte Precursor Cells in the Human Limbal Stroma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073756. [PMID: 35409129 PMCID: PMC8998324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their vital role in the homeostasis of the limbal stem cell niche, limbal melanocytes have emerged as promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a population of melanocyte precursors in the limbal stroma, compared with melanocytes originating from the limbal epithelium, using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with positive (CD117/c-Kit microbeads) or negative (CD326/EpCAM or anti-fibroblast microbeads) selection approaches. Both approaches enabled fast and easy isolation and cultivation of pure limbal epithelial and stromal melanocyte populations, which differed in phenotype and gene expression, but exhibited similar functional properties regarding proliferative potential, pigmentation, and support of clonal growth of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs). In both melanocyte populations, limbus-specific matrix (laminin 511-E8) and soluble factors (LEPC-derived conditioned medium) stimulated melanocyte adhesion, dendrite formation, melanogenesis, and expression of genes involved in UV protection and immune regulation. The findings provided not only a novel protocol for the enrichment of pure melanocyte populations from limbal tissue applying easy-to-use MACS technology, but also identified a population of stromal melanocyte precursors, which may serve as a reservoir for the replacement of damaged epithelial melanocytes and an alternative resource for tissue engineering applications.
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da Mata Martins TM, de Carvalho JL, da Silva Cunha P, Gomes DA, de Goes AM. Induction of Corneal Epithelial Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent and Orbital Fat-Derived Stem Cells Seeded on Decellularized Human Corneas. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2522-2534. [PMID: 35247143 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Up to 40% of donor corneas are deemed unsuitable for transplantation, aggravating the shortage of graft tissue. In most cases, the corneal extracellular matrix is intact. Therefore, their decellularization followed by repopulation with autologous cells may constitute an efficient alternative to reduce the amount of discarded tissue and the risk of immune rejection after transplantation. Although induced pluripotent (hiPSCs) and orbital fat-derived stem cells (OFSCs) hold great promise for corneal epithelial (CE) reconstruction, no study to date has evaluated the capacity of decellularized corneas (DCs) to support the attachment and differentiation of these cells into CE-like cells. Here, we recellularize DCs with hiPSCs and OFSCs and evaluate their differentiation potential into CE-like cells using animal serum-free culture conditions. Cell viability and adhesion on DCs were assessed by calcein-AM staining and scanning electron microscopy. Cell differentiation was evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence analyses. DCs successfully supported the adhesion and survival of hiPSCs and OFSCs. The OFSCs cultured under differentiation conditions could not express the CE markers, TP63, KRT3, PAX6, and KRT12, while the hiPSCs gave rise to cells expressing high levels of these markers. RT-qPCR data suggested that the DCs provided an inductive environment for CE differentiation of hiPSCs, supporting the expression of PAX6 and KRT12 without the need for any soluble induction factors. Our results open the avenue for future studies regarding the in vivo effects of DCs as carriers for autologous cell transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Maria da Mata Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lott de Carvalho
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, QS 07 - Lote 01, EPCT - Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 71966-700, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Minas Gerais State University, Avenida Olegário Maciel, 1427, Ubá, Minas Gerais, 36502-002, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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Bosworth LA, Lanaro M, O'Loughlin DA, D'Sa RA, Woodruff MA, Williams RL. Melt electro-written scaffolds with box-architecture support orthogonally oriented collagen. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34883476 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac41a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Melt electro-writing (MEW) is a state-of-the-art technique that supports fabrication of 3D, precisely controlled and reproducible fiber structures. A standard MEW scaffold design is a box-structure, where a repeat layer of 90° boxes is produced from a single fiber. In 3D form (i.e. multiple layers), this structure has the potential to mimic orthogonal arrangements of collagen, as observed in the corneal stroma. In this study, we determined the response of human primary corneal stromal cells and their deposited fibrillar collagen (detected using a CNA35 probe) following six weeksin vitroculture on these box-structures made from poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL). Comparison was also made to glass substrates (topography-free) and electrospun PCL fibers (aligned topography). Cell orientation and collagen deposition were non-uniform on glass substrates. Electrospun scaffolds supported an excellent parallel arrangement of cells and deposited collagen to the underlying architecture of aligned fibers, but there was no evidence of bidirectional collagen. In contrast, MEW scaffolds encouraged the formation of a dense, interconnected cellular network and deposited fibrillar collagen layers with a distinct orthogonal-arrangement. Collagen fibrils were particularly dominant through the middle layers of the MEW scaffolds' total thickness and closer examination revealed these fibrils to be concentrated within the pores' central regions. With the demand for donor corneas far exceeding the supply-leaving many with visual impairment-the application of MEW as a potential technique to recreate the corneal stroma with spontaneous, bidirectional collagen organization warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Bosworth
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Lanaro
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Danielle A O'Loughlin
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Raechelle A D'Sa
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Rachel L Williams
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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20
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Polisetti N, Roschinski B, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Maier P, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. A Decellularized Human Limbal Scaffold for Limbal Stem Cell Niche Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10067. [PMID: 34576227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of ex vivo expanded limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) on amniotic membrane or fibrin gel is an established therapeutic strategy to regenerate the damaged corneal surface in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), but the long-term success rate is restricted. A scaffold with niche-specific structure and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition might have the advantage to improve long-term clinical outcomes, in particular for patients with severe damage or complete loss of the limbal niche tissue structure. Therefore, we evaluated the decellularized human limbus (DHL) as a biomimetic scaffold for the transplantation of LEPCs. Corneoscleral tissue was decellularized by sodium deoxycholate and deoxyribonuclease I in the presence or absence of dextran. We evaluated the efficiency of decellularization and its effects on the ultrastructure and ECM composition of the human corneal limbus. The recellularization of these scaffolds was studied by plating cultured LEPCs and limbal melanocytes (LMs) or by allowing cells to migrate from the host tissue following a lamellar transplantation ex vivo. Our decellularization protocol rapidly and effectively removed cellular and nuclear material while preserving the native ECM composition. In vitro recellularization by LEPCs and LMs demonstrated the good biocompatibility of the DHL and intrastromal invasion of LEPCs. Ex vivo transplantation of DHL revealed complete epithelialization as well as melanocytic and stromal repopulation from the host tissue. Thus, the generated DHL scaffold could be a promising biological material as a carrier for the transplantation of LEPCs to treat LSCD.
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Polisetti N, Gießl A, Zenkel M, Heger L, Dudziak D, Naschberger E, Stich L, Steinkasserer A, Kruse FE, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Melanocytes as emerging key players in niche regulation of limbal epithelial stem cells. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:172-189. [PMID: 34425298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limbal melanocytes (LMel) represent essential components of the corneal epithelial stem cell niche and are known to protect limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs) from UV damage by transfer of melanosomes. Here, we explored additional functional roles for LMel in niche homeostasis, immune regulation and angiostasis. METHODS Human corneoscleral tissues were morphologically analyzed in normal, inflammatory and wound healing conditions. The effects of LMel on LEPCs were analyzed in direct and indirect co-culture models using electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and functional assays; limbal mesenchymal stromal cells and murine embryonic 3T3 fibroblasts served as controls. The immunophenotype of LMel was assessed by flow cytometry before and after interferon-γ stimulation, and their immunomodulatory properties were analyzed by mixed lymphocytes reaction, monocyte adhesion assays and cytometric bead arrays. Their angiostatic effects on human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays. RESULTS LMel and LEPCs formed structural units in the human limbal stem cell niche in situ, which could be functionally replicated, including melanosome transfer, by co-cultivation in vitro. LMel supported LEPCs during clonal expansion and during epithelial wound healing by stimulating proliferation and migration, and suppressed their differentiation through direct contact and paracrine effects. Under inflammatory conditions, LMel were increased in numbers and upregulated expression of ICAM-1 and MHC II molecules (HLA-DR), but lacked expression of HLA-G, -DP, -DQ and costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. They were also found to be potent suppressors of alloreactive T- cell proliferation and cytokine secretion, which largely depended on direct cell-cell interaction. Moreover, the LMel secretome exerted angiostatic activity by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell proliferation and capillary network formation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that LMel are not only professional melanin-producing cells, but exert various non-canonical functions in limbal niche homeostasis by regulating LEPC maintenance, immune responses, and angiostasis. Their potent regulatory, immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties may have important implications for future regenerative cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Translational Research Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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