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De Rosa A, McGaughey S, Magrath I, Byrt C. Molecular membrane separation: plants inspire new technologies. New Phytol 2023; 238:33-54. [PMID: 36683439 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants draw up their surrounding soil solution to gain water and nutrients required for growth, development and reproduction. Obtaining adequate water and nutrients involves taking up both desired and undesired elements from the soil solution and separating resources from waste. Desirable and undesirable elements in the soil solution can share similar chemical properties, such as size and charge. Plants use membrane separation mechanisms to distinguish between different molecules that have similar chemical properties. Membrane separation enables distribution or retention of resources and efflux or compartmentation of waste. Plants use specialised membrane separation mechanisms to adapt to challenging soil solution compositions and distinguish between resources and waste. Coordination and regulation of these mechanisms between different tissues, cell types and subcellular membranes supports plant nutrition, environmental stress tolerance and energy management. This review considers membrane separation mechanisms in plants that contribute to specialised separation processes and highlights mechanisms of interest for engineering plants with enhanced performance in challenging conditions and for inspiring the development of novel industrial membrane separation technologies. Knowledge gained from studying plant membrane separation mechanisms can be applied to developing precision separation technologies. Separation technologies are needed for harvesting resources from industrial wastes and transitioning to a circular green economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Rosa
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Samantha McGaughey
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Isobel Magrath
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
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Liu X, Chen S, Du F, Sun L, Huang Q, Gao X, Li J, Tong H, Yao D. Insights into Adaptive Regulation of the Leaf-Petiole System: Strategies for Survival of Water Lily Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5605. [PMID: 36982679 PMCID: PMC10058412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The water lily (Nymphaea tetragona) is an ancient angiosperm that belongs to the Nymphaeaceae family. As a rooted floating-leaf plant, water lilies are generally cultivated in fresh water, therefore, little is known about their survival strategies under salt stress. Long-term salt stress causes morphological changes, such as the rapid regeneration of floating leaves and a significant decrease in leaf number and surface area. We demonstrate that salt stress induces toxicity soon after treatment, but plants can adapt by regenerating floating leaves that are photosynthetically active. Transcriptome profiling revealed that ion binding was one of the most-enriched GO terms in leaf-petiole systems under salt stress. Sodium-transporter-related genes were downregulated, whereas K+ transporter genes were both up- and downregulated. These results suggest that restricting intracellular Na+ importing while maintaining balanced K+ homeostasis is an adaptive strategy for tolerating long-term salt stress. ICP-MS analysis identified the petioles and leaves as Na-hyperaccumulators, with a maximum content of over 80 g kg−1 DW under salt stress. Mapping of the Na-hyperaccumulation trait onto the phylogenetic relationships revealed that water lily plants might have a long evolutionary history from ancient marine plants, or may have undergone historical ecological events from salt to fresh water. Ammonium transporter genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were downregulated, whereas NO3−-related transporters were upregulated in both the leaves and petioles, suggesting a selective bias toward NO3− uptake under salt stress. The morphological changes we observed may be due to the reduced expression of genes related to auxin signal transduction. In conclusion, the floating leaves and submerged petioles of the water lily use a series of adaptive strategies to survive salt stress. These include the absorption and transport of ions and nutrients from the surrounding environments, and the ability to hyperaccumulate Na+. These adaptations may serve as the physiological basis for salt tolerance in water lily plants.
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Xu T, Meng S, Zhu X, Di J, Zhu Y, Yang X, Yan W. Integrated GWAS and transcriptomic analysis reveal the candidate salt-responding genes regulating Na +/K + balance in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1004477. [PMID: 36777542 PMCID: PMC9910287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses affecting crop yield and quality. Barley has strong salt tolerance, however, the underlying genetic basis is not fully clear, especially in the seedling stage. This study examined the ionic changes in barley core germplasms under the control and salt conditions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis revealed 54 significant SNPs from a pool of 25,342 SNPs distributed in 7 chromosomes (Chr) of the Illumina Barley 50K SNP array. These SNPs are associated with ion homeostasis traits, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content, and Na+/K+ ratio representing five genomic regions on Chr 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the leaves of worldwide barley accessions. And there are 3 SNP peaks located on the Chr 4, 6, and 7, which could be the "hot spots" regions for mining and identifying candidate genes for salt tolerance. Furthermore, 616 unique candidate genes were screened surrounding the significant SNPs, which are associated with transport proteins, protein kinases, binding proteins, and other proteins of unknown function. Meanwhile, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) was carried out to compare the salt-tolerant (CM72) and salt-sensitive (Gairdner) genotypes subjected to salt stress. And there was a greater accumulation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in Gairdner compared to CM72, mainly enriched in metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, signal transduction,emphasizing the different transcriptional response in both genotypes following salt exposure. Combined GWAS and RNA-Seq analysis revealed 5 promising salt-responding genes (PGK2, BASS3, SINAT2, AQP, and SYT3) from the hot spot regions, which were verified between the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties by qRT-PCR. In all, these results provide candidate SNPs and genes responsible for salinity responding in barley, and a new idea for studying such genetic basis in similar crops.
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Eckardt NA, Ainsworth EA, Bahuguna RN, Broadley MR, Busch W, Carpita NC, Castrillo G, Chory J, DeHaan LR, Duarte CM, Henry A, Jagadish SVK, Langdale JA, Leakey ADB, Liao JC, Lu KJ, McCann MC, McKay JK, Odeny DA, Jorge de Oliveira E, Platten JD, Rabbi I, Rim EY, Ronald PC, Salt DE, Shigenaga AM, Wang E, Wolfe M, Zhang X. Climate change challenges, plant science solutions. Plant Cell 2023; 35:24-66. [PMID: 36222573 PMCID: PMC9806663 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade is a critical time for action to mitigate the worst effects on human populations and ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience to harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) and engineering efficient carbon-capturing and carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples of research being conducted in these areas and discuss challenges and open questions as a call to action for the plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rajeev N Bahuguna
- Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79410, USA
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Crop Sciences, and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - James C Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics–Eastern and Southern Africa, Gigiri 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - J Damien Platten
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Ismail Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320 Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Youngsoo Rim
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94704, USA
| | - David E Salt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Marnin Wolfe
- Auburn University, Dept. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Bowerman AF, Byrt CS, Roy SJ, Whitney SM, Mortimer JC, Ankeny RA, Gilliham M, Zhang D, Millar AA, Rebetzke GJ, Pogson BJ. Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation. Plant Cell 2023; 35:139-161. [PMID: 36377770 PMCID: PMC9806601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate," but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachel A Ankeny
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Arciniegas Vega JP, Melino VJ. Uncovering natural genetic variants of the SOS pathway to improve salinity tolerance in maize. New Phytol 2022; 236:313-315. [PMID: 35977055 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Arciniegas Vega
- Center for Desert Agriculture and Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vanessa J Melino
- Center for Desert Agriculture and Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Fu L, Wu D, Zhang X, Xu Y, Kuang L, Cai S, Zhang G, Shen Q. Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase HVP10 enhances salt tolerance via promoting Na+ translocation into root vacuoles. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:1248-1263. [PMID: 34791461 PMCID: PMC8825340 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (VPs) provide a proton gradient for Na+ sequestration in the tonoplast; however, the regulatory mechanisms of VPs in developing salt tolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned a barley (Hordeum vulgare) VP gene (HVP10) that was identified previously as the HvNax3 gene. Homology analysis showed VP10 in plants had conserved structure and sequence and likely originated from the ancestors of the Ceramiales order of Rhodophyta (Cyanidioschyzon merolae). HVP10 was mainly expressed in roots and upregulated in response to salt stress. After salt treatment for 3 weeks, HVP10 knockdown (RNA interference) and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing) barley plants showed greatly inhibited growth and higher shoot Na+ concentration, Na+ transportation rate and xylem Na+ loading relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microelectronic Ion Flux Estimation results indicated that HVP10 likely modulates Na+ sequestration into the root vacuole by acting synergistically with Na+/H+ antiporters (HvNHX1 and HvNHX4) to enhance H+ efflux and K+ maintenance in roots. Moreover, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing HVP10 also showed higher salt tolerance than the WT at both seedling and adult stages with less Na+ translocation to shoots and higher grain yields under salt stress. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of HVP10 underlying salt tolerance and highlights its potential in improving crop salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Fu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Author for communication:
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Böhm J, Scherzer S. Signaling and transport processes related to the carnivorous lifestyle of plants living on nutrient-poor soil. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:2017-2031. [PMID: 35235668 PMCID: PMC8890503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Eukaryotes, long-distance and rapid signal transmission is required in order to be able to react fast and flexibly to external stimuli. This long-distance signal transmission cannot take place by diffusion of signal molecules from the site of perception to the target tissue, as their speed is insufficient. Therefore, for adequate stimulus transmission, plants as well as animals make use of electrical signal transmission, as this can quickly cover long distances. This update summarises the most important advances in plant electrical signal transduction with a focus on the carnivorous Venus flytrap. It highlights the different types of electrical signals, examines their underlying ion fluxes and summarises the carnivorous processes downstream of the electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Venkataraman G, Shabala S, Véry AA, Hariharan GN, Somasundaram S, Pulipati S, Sellamuthu G, Harikrishnan M, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH. To exclude or to accumulate? Revealing the role of the sodium HKT1;5 transporter in plant adaptive responses to varying soil salinity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 169:333-342. [PMID: 34837866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arid/semi-arid and coastal agricultural areas of the world are especially vulnerable to climate change-driven soil salinity. Salinity tolerance in plants is a complex trait, with salinity negatively affecting crop yield. Plants adopt a range of mechanisms to combat salinity, with many transporter genes being implicated in Na+-partitioning processes. Within these, the high-affinity K+ (HKT) family of transporters play a critical role in K+ and Na+ homeostasis in plants. Among HKT transporters, Type I transporters are Na+-specific. While Arabidopsis has only one Na + -specific HKT (AtHKT1;1), cereal crops have a multiplicity of Type I and II HKT transporters. AtHKT1; 1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and HKT1; 5 (cereal crops) 'exclude' Na+ from the xylem into xylem parenchyma in the root, reducing shoot Na+ and hence, confer sodium tolerance. However, more recent data from Arabidopsis and crop species show that AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles have a strong genetic association with 'shoot sodium accumulation' and concomitant salt tolerance. The review tries to resolve these two seemingly contradictory effects of AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 operation (shoot exclusion vs shoot accumulation), both conferring salinity tolerance and suggests that contrasting phenotypes are attributable to either hyper-functional or weak AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles/haplotypes and are under strong selection by soil salinity levels. It also suggests that opposite balancing mechanisms involving xylem ion loading in these contrasting phenotypes exist that require transporters such as SOS1 and CCC. While HKT1; 5 is a crucial but not sole determinant of salinity tolerance, investigation of the adaptive benefit(s) conferred by naturally occurring intermediate HKT1;5 alleles will be important under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gopalasamudram Neelakantan Hariharan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Suji Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India; Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Kamycka 129, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Mohan Harikrishnan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Wege S, Qiu J, Byrt C, Houston K, Waugh R, Gilliham M, Hrmova M. A single residue deletion in the barley HKT1;5 P189 variant restores plasma membrane localisation but not Na + conductance. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2021; 1863:183669. [PMID: 34139196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leaf Na+ exclusion, mediated by plasma membrane-localised Class 1 High-affinity potassium (K+) Transporters (HKTs), is a key mechanism contributing to salinity tolerance of several major crop plants. We determined previously that the leucine to proline residue substitution at position 189 (L189P) in barley HvHKT1;5 disrupts its characteristic plasma membrane localisation and Na+ conductance. Here, we focus on a surprising observation that a single residue deletion of methionine at position 372 (M372del) within the conserved VMMYL motif in plant HKTs, restores plasma membrane localisation but not Na+ conductance in HvHKT1;5 P189. To clarify why the singular M372 deletion regains plasma membrane localisation, we built 3D models and defined α-helical assembly pathways of the P189 M372del mutant, and compared these findings to the wild-type protein, and the HvHKT1;5 L189 variant and its M372del mutant. We find that α-helical association and assembly pathways in HvHKT1;5 proteins fall in two contrasting categories. Inspections of structural flexibility through molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the conformational states of HvHKT1;5 P189 diverge from those of the L189 variant and M372del mutants. We propose that M372del in HvHKT1;5 P189 instigates structural rearrangements allowing routing to the plasma membrane, while the restoration of conductance would require further interventions. We integrate the microscopy, electrophysiology, and biocomputational data and discuss how a profound structural change in HvHKT1;5 P189 M372del impacts its α-helical protein association pathway and flexibility, and how these features underlie a delicate balance leading to restoring plasma membrane localisation but not Na+ conductance.
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Xu B, Hrmova M, Gilliham M. High affinity Na + transport by wheat HKT1;5 is blocked by K . Plant Direct 2020; 4:e00275. [PMID: 33103046 PMCID: PMC7576878 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The wheat sodium transporters TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D are encoded by genes underlying the major shoot Na+ exclusion loci Nax2 and Kna1 from Triticum monococcum (Tm) and Triticum aestivum (Ta), respectively. In contrast to HKT2 transporters that have been shown to exhibit high affinity K+-dependent Na+ transport, HKT1 proteins have, with one exception, only been shown to catalyze low affinity Na+ transport and no K+ transport. Here, using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes we uncover a novel property of HKT1 proteins, that both TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D encode dual (high and low) affinity Na+-transporters with the high-affinity component being abolished when external K+ is in excess of external Na+. Three-dimensional structural modeling suggested that, compared to Na+, K+ is bound more tightly in the selectivity filter region by means of additional van der Waals forces, which is likely to explain the K+ block at the molecular level. The low-affinity component for Na+ transport of TmHKT1;5-A had a lower K m than that of TaHKT1;5-D and was less sensitive to external K+. We propose that these properties contribute towards the improvements in shoot Na+-exclusion and crop plant salt tolerance following the introgression of TmHKT1;5-A into diverse wheat backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyUniversity of AdelaideWaite Research PrecinctGlen OsmondSAAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite Research PrecinctGlen OsmondSAAustralia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite Research PrecinctGlen OsmondSAAustralia
- School of Life ScienceHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuai’anChina
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyUniversity of AdelaideWaite Research PrecinctGlen OsmondSAAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite Research PrecinctGlen OsmondSAAustralia
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Borjigin C, Schilling RK, Bose J, Hrmova M, Qiu J, Wege S, Situmorang A, Byrt C, Brien C, Berger B, Gilliham M, Pearson AS, Roy SJ. A single nucleotide substitution in TaHKT1;5-D controls shoot Na + accumulation in bread wheat. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2158-2171. [PMID: 32652543 PMCID: PMC7540593 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving salinity tolerance in the most widely cultivated cereal, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is essential to increase grain yields on saline agricultural lands. A Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca accumulates up to sixfold greater leaf and sheath sodium (Na+ ) than two Australian cultivars, Gladius and Scout, under salt stress in hydroponics. Despite high leaf and sheath Na+ concentrations, Mocho de Espiga Branca maintained similar salinity tolerance compared to Gladius and Scout. A naturally occurring single nucleotide substitution was identified in the gene encoding a major Na+ transporter TaHKT1;5-D in Mocho de Espiga Branca, which resulted in a L190P amino acid residue variation. This variant prevents Mocho de Espiga Branca from retrieving Na+ from the root xylem leading to a high shoot Na+ concentration. The identification of the tissue-tolerant Mocho de Espiga Branca will accelerate the development of more elite salt-tolerant bread wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana Borjigin
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rhiannon K. Schilling
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of Biology, Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Chris Brien
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Plant Phenomics FacilityThe Plant Accelerator, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bettina Berger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Plant Phenomics FacilityThe Plant Accelerator, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Allison S. Pearson
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyThe University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stuart J. Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot Dry Climate, The University of AdelaideGlen OsmondSouth AustraliaAustralia
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13
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Borjigin C, Schilling RK, Bose J, Hrmova M, Qiu J, Wege S, Situmorang A, Byrt C, Brien C, Berger B, Gilliham M, Pearson AS, Roy SJ. A single nucleotide substitution in TaHKT1;5-D controls shoot Na + accumulation in bread wheat. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2158-2171. [PMID: 32652543 DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.21.909887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving salinity tolerance in the most widely cultivated cereal, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is essential to increase grain yields on saline agricultural lands. A Portuguese landrace, Mocho de Espiga Branca accumulates up to sixfold greater leaf and sheath sodium (Na+ ) than two Australian cultivars, Gladius and Scout, under salt stress in hydroponics. Despite high leaf and sheath Na+ concentrations, Mocho de Espiga Branca maintained similar salinity tolerance compared to Gladius and Scout. A naturally occurring single nucleotide substitution was identified in the gene encoding a major Na+ transporter TaHKT1;5-D in Mocho de Espiga Branca, which resulted in a L190P amino acid residue variation. This variant prevents Mocho de Espiga Branca from retrieving Na+ from the root xylem leading to a high shoot Na+ concentration. The identification of the tissue-tolerant Mocho de Espiga Branca will accelerate the development of more elite salt-tolerant bread wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chana Borjigin
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K Schilling
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Chris Brien
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bettina Berger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, The Plant Accelerator, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison S Pearson
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot Dry Climate, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
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14
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Saade S, Brien C, Pailles Y, Berger B, Shahid M, Russell J, Waugh R, Negrão S, Tester M. Dissecting new genetic components of salinity tolerance in two-row spring barley at the vegetative and reproductive stages. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236037. [PMID: 32701981 PMCID: PMC7377408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity imposes an agricultural and economic burden that may be alleviated by identifying the components of salinity tolerance in barley, a major crop and the most salt tolerant cereal. To improve our understanding of these components, we evaluated a diversity panel of 377 two-row spring barley cultivars during both the vegetative, in a controlled environment, and the reproductive stages, in the field. In the controlled environment, a high-throughput phenotyping platform was used to assess the growth-related traits under both control and saline conditions. In the field, the agronomic traits were measured from plots irrigated with either fresh or saline water. Association mapping for the different components of salinity tolerance enabled us to detect previously known associations, such as HvHKT1;5. Using an "interaction model", which took into account the interaction between treatment (control and salt) and genetic markers, we identified several loci associated with yield components related to salinity tolerance. We also observed that the two developmental stages did not share genetic regions associated with the components of salinity tolerance, suggesting that different mechanisms play distinct roles throughout the barley life cycle. Our association analysis revealed that genetically defined regions containing known flowering genes (Vrn-H3, Vrn-H1, and HvNAM-1) were responsive to salt stress. We identified a salt-responsive locus (7H, 128.35 cM) that was associated with grain number per ear, and suggest a gene encoding a vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatase, HVP1, as a candidate. We also found a new QTL on chromosome 3H (139.22 cM), which was significant for ear number per plant, and a locus on chromosome 2H (141.87 cM), previously identified using a nested association mapping population, which associated with a yield component and interacted with salinity stress. Our study is the first to evaluate a barley diversity panel for salinity stress under both controlled and field conditions, allowing us to identify contributions from new components of salinity tolerance which could be used for marker-assisted selection when breeding for marginal and saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Saade
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chris Brien
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yveline Pailles
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bettina Berger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- The Plant Accelerator, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Robbie Waugh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Sónia Negrão
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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