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Elkhoury K, Kodeih S, Enciso-Martínez E, Maziz A, Bergaud C. Advancing Cardiomyocyte Maturation: Current Strategies and Promising Conductive Polymer-Based Approaches. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303288. [PMID: 38349615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in medical research, the development of effective cardiovascular drugs has been hindered by high failure rates and escalating costs. One contributing factor is the limited availability of mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) for accurate disease modeling and drug screening. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs offer a promising source of CMs; however, their immature phenotype presents challenges in translational applications. This review focuses on the road to achieving mature CMs by summarizing the major differences between immature and mature CMs, discussing the importance of adult-like CMs for drug discovery, highlighting the limitations of current strategies, and exploring potential solutions using electro-mechano active polymer-based scaffolds based on conductive polymers. However, critical considerations such as the trade-off between 3D systems and nutrient exchange, biocompatibility, degradation, cell adhesion, longevity, and integration into wider systems must be carefully evaluated. Continued advancements in these areas will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac diseases, improved drug discovery, and the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Elkhoury
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
| | - Sacha Kodeih
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | | | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, F-31400, France
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Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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3
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Cardiovascular human organ-on-a-chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:512-523. [PMID: 37668192 PMCID: PMC11089005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large-scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Kumar D, Nadda R, Repaka R. Advances and challenges in organ-on-chip technology: toward mimicking human physiology and disease in vitro. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7. [PMID: 38436835 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have been tissues or three-dimensional (3D) mini-organs that comprise numerous cell types and have been produced on microfluidic chips to imitate the complicated structures and interactions of diverse cell types and organs under controlled circumstances. Several morphological and physiological distinctions exist between traditional 2D cultures, animal models, and the growing popular 3D cultures. On the other hand, animal models might not accurately simulate human toxicity because of physiological variations and interspecies metabolic capability. The on-chip technique allows for observing and understanding the process and alterations occurring in metastases. The present study aimed to briefly overview single and multi-organ-on-chip techniques. The current study addresses each platform's essential benefits and characteristics and highlights recent developments in developing and utilizing technologies for single and multi-organs-on-chips. The study also discusses the drawbacks and constraints associated with these models, which include the requirement for standardized procedures and the difficulties of adding immune cells and other intricate biological elements. Finally, a comprehensive review demonstrated that the organs-on-chips approach has a potential way of investigating organ function and disease. The advancements in single and multi-organ-on-chip structures can potentially increase drug discovery and minimize dependency on animal models, resulting in improved therapies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Rahul Nadda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Ramjee Repaka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, 140001, India
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. Lab Chip 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. Med Rev (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Cosi Bento GF, Guimarães da Silva M, Menon R, Richardson LS. Feto-Maternal Interface Organ-on-Chip: A New Technology to Study Ascending Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2781:105-117. [PMID: 38502447 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3746-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Modeling human pregnancy is challenging as two subjects, the mother and fetus, must be evaluated in tandem. To understand pregnancy, parturition, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the two feto-maternal interfaces (FMi) that form during gestation (i.e., the placenta and fetal membrane) need to be investigated to understand their biological roles, and organ dysfunction can lead to adverse outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm rupture of the membranes, spontaneous preterm birth, preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth restriction, and gestational diabetes rates are on the rise worldwide, highlighting the need for future studies and a better understanding of molecular and cellular pathways that contribute to disease onset. Current in vivo animal models nor in vitro cell culture systems can answer these questions as they do not model the function or structure of human FMis. Utilizing microfabrication and soft-lithography techniques, microfluidic organ-on-chip (OOC) devices have been adapted by many fields to model the anatomy and biological function of complex organs and organ systems within small in vitro platforms.These techniques have been adapted to recreate the fetal membrane FMi (FMi-OOC) using immortalized cells and collagen derived from patient samples. The FMi-OOC is a four-cell culture chamber, concentric circle system, that contains both fetal (amniochorion) and maternal (decidua) cellular layers and has been validated to model physiological and pathological states of pregnancy (i.e., ascending infection, systemic oxidative stress, and maternal toxicant exposure). This platform is fully compatible with various analytical methods such as microscopy and biochemical analysis. This protocol will outline this device's fabrication, cell loading, and utility to model ascending infection-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Fernanda Cosi Bento
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Medicine , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Medicine , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Medicine , The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Kurashina Y, Fukada K, Itai S, Akizuki S, Sato R, Masuda A, Tani H, Fujita J, Fukuda K, Tohyama S, Onoe H. Hydrogel-Sheathed hiPSC-Derived Heart Microtissue Enables Anchor-Free Contractile Force Measurement. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2301831. [PMID: 37849230 PMCID: PMC10724413 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro reconstruction of highly mature engineered heart tissues (EHTs) is attempted for the selection of cardiotoxic drugs suitable for individual patients before administration. Mechanical contractile force generated in the EHTs is known to be a critical indicator for evaluating the EHT response. However, measuring contractile force requires anchoring the EHT in a tailored force-sensing cell culture chamber, causing technical difficulties in the stable evaluation of contractile force in long-term culture. This paper proposes a hydrogel-sheathed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived heart microtissue (H3 M) that can provide an anchor-free contractile force measurement platform in commonly used multi-well plates. The contractile force associated with tissue formation and drug response is calculated by motion tracking and finite element analysis on the bending angle of the hydrogel sheath. From the experiment of the drug response, H3 M is an excellent drug screening platform with high sensitivity and early testing capability compared to conventionally anchored EHT. This unique platform would be useful and versatile for regenerative therapy and drug discovery research in EHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems EngineeringInstitute of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology2‐24‐16 NakachoKoganei‐shiTokyo184–8588Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukada
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Shun Itai
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
- Division of Medical ScienceGraduate school of Biomedical EngineeringTohoku University1‐1 Seiryomachi, Aoba‐kuSendaiMiyagi980–8574Japan
| | - Shuichi Akizuki
- Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, School of EngineeringChukyo University101–2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa‐kuNagoyaAichi466–8666Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Akari Masuda
- School of Integrated Design EngineeringGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
- Department of Pathology & ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineOne Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of Medicine35 ShinanomachiShinjuku‐kuTokyo160–8582Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohama223–8522Japan
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Zhao Q, Du X, Wang M. Electrospinning and Cell Fibers in Biomedical Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300092. [PMID: 37166021 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, tendon/ligaments, and nerves have fiber-like fascicle morphologies, where ordered organization of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bundles in specific 3D manners orchestrates cells and ECM to provide tissue functions. Through engineering cell fibers (which are fibers containing living cells) as living building blocks with the help of emerging "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies, it is now possible to reconstitute/recreate the fiber-like fascicle morphologies and their spatiotemporally specific cell-cell/cell-ECM interactions in vitro, thereby enabling the modeling, therapy, or repair of these fibrous tissues. In this article, a concise review is provided of the "bottom-up" biomanufacturing technologies and materials usable for fabricating cell fibers, with an emphasis on electrospinning that can effectively and efficiently produce thin cell fibers and with properly designed processes, 3D cell-laden structures that mimic those of native fibrous tissues. The importance and applications of cell fibers as models, therapeutic platforms, or analogs/replacements for tissues for areas such as drug testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering are highlighted. Challenges, in terms of biomimicry of high-order hierarchical structures and complex dynamic cellular microenvironments of native tissues, as well as opportunities for cell fibers in a myriad of biomedical applications, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Wang Y, Leiteris L, van Adrichem I, Marsman J, Goumans MJ, Bouten CVC, Sluijter JPG, den Toonder JMJ, Suyker WJL, Hjortnaes J. Cyclic strain has antifibrotic effects on the human cardiac fibroblast transcriptome in a human cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip platform. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105980. [PMID: 37399762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In cardiac fibrosis, in response to stress or injury, cardiac fibroblasts deposit excessive amounts of collagens which contribute to the development of heart failure. The biochemical stimuli in this process have been extensively studied, but the influence of cyclic deformation on the fibrogenic behavior of cardiac fibroblasts in the ever-beating heart is not fully understood. In fact, most investigated mechanotransduction pathways in cardiac fibroblasts seem to ultimately have profibrotic effects, which leaves an important question in cardiac fibrosis research unanswered: how do cardiac fibroblasts stay quiescent in the ever-beating human heart? In this study, we developed a human cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip platform and utilized it to investigate if and how cyclic strain affects fibrogenic signaling. The pneumatically actuated platform can expose engineered tissues to controlled strain magnitudes of 0-25% - which covers the entire physiological and pathological strain range in the human heart - and to biochemical stimuli and enables high-throughput screening of multiple samples. Microtissues of human fetal cardiac fibroblasts (hfCF) embedded in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) were 3D-cultured on this platform and exposed to strain conditions which mimic the healthy human heart. The results provide evidence of an antifibrotic effect of the applied strain conditions on cardiac fibroblast behavior, emphasizing the influence of biomechanical stimuli on the fibrogenic process and giving a detailed overview of the mechanosensitive pathways and genes involved, which can be used in the development of novel therapies against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C L Bracco Gartner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Laurynas Leiteris
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris van Adrichem
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Marsman
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marie José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Cao UMN, Zhang Y, Chen J, Sayson D, Pillai S, Tran SD. Microfluidic Organ-on-A-chip: A Guide to Biomaterial Choice and Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043232. [PMID: 36834645 PMCID: PMC9966054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-A-chip (OoAC) devices are miniaturized, functional, in vitro constructs that aim to recapitulate the in vivo physiology of an organ using different cell types and extracellular matrix, while maintaining the chemical and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironments. From an end-point perspective, the success of a microfluidic OoAC relies mainly on the type of biomaterial and the fabrication strategy employed. Certain biomaterials, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), are preferred over others due to their ease of fabrication and proven success in modelling complex organ systems. However, the inherent nature of human microtissues to respond differently to surrounding stimulations has led to the combination of biomaterials ranging from simple PDMS chips to 3D-printed polymers coated with natural and synthetic materials, including hydrogels. In addition, recent advances in 3D printing and bioprinting techniques have led to the powerful combination of utilizing these materials to develop microfluidic OoAC devices. In this narrative review, we evaluate the different materials used to fabricate microfluidic OoAC devices while outlining their pros and cons in different organ systems. A note on combining the advances made in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for the microfabrication of these complex systems is also discussed.
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Gabetti S, Sileo A, Montrone F, Putame G, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Massai D. Versatile electrical stimulator for cardiac tissue engineering-Investigation of charge-balanced monophasic and biphasic electrical stimulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1031183. [PMID: 36686253 PMCID: PMC9846083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of biomimetic physical stimuli replicating the in vivo dynamic microenvironment is crucial for the in vitro development of functional cardiac tissues. In particular, pulsed electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to improve the functional properties of in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes. However, commercially available electrical stimulators are expensive and cumbersome devices while customized solutions often allow limited parameter tunability, constraining the investigation of different ES protocols. The goal of this study was to develop a versatile compact electrical stimulator (ELETTRA) for biomimetic cardiac tissue engineering approaches, designed for delivering controlled parallelizable ES at a competitive cost. ELETTRA is based on an open-source micro-controller running custom software and is combinable with different cell/tissue culture set-ups, allowing simultaneously testing different ES patterns on multiple samples. In particular, customized culture chambers were appositely designed and manufactured for investigating the influence of monophasic and biphasic pulsed ES on cardiac cell monolayers. Finite element analysis was performed for characterizing the spatial distributions of the electrical field and the current density within the culture chamber. Performance tests confirmed the accuracy, compliance, and reliability of the ES parameters delivered by ELETTRA. Biological tests were performed on neonatal rat cardiac cells, electrically stimulated for 4 days, by comparing, for the first time, the monophasic waveform (electric field = 5 V/cm) to biphasic waveforms by matching either the absolute value of the electric field variation (biphasic ES at ±2.5 V/cm) or the total delivered charge (biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm). Findings suggested that monophasic ES at 5 V/cm and, particularly, charge-balanced biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm were effective in enhancing electrical functionality of stimulated cardiac cells and in promoting synchronous contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabetti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Sileo
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Montrone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Putame
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L. Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Diana Massai,
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13
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Joddar B, Natividad-Diaz SL, Padilla AE, Esparza AA, Ramirez SP, Chambers DR, Ibaroudene H. Engineering approaches for cardiac organoid formation and their characterization. Transl Res 2022; 250:46-67. [PMID: 35995380 PMCID: PMC10370285 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) structures composed of tissue or niche-specific cells, obtained from diverse sources, encapsulated in either a naturally derived or synthetic, extracellular matrix scaffold, and include exogenous biochemical signals such as essential growth factors. The overarching goal of developing cardiac organoid models is to establish a functional integration of cardiomyocytes with physiologically relevant cells, tissues, and structures like capillary-like networks composed of endothelial cells. These organoids used to model human heart anatomy, physiology, and disease pathologies in vitro have the potential to solve many issues related to cardiovascular drug discovery and fundamental research. The advent of patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells provide a unique, single-source approach to study the complex process of cardiovascular disease progression through organoid formation and incorporation into relevant, controlled microenvironments such as microfluidic devices. Strategies that aim to accomplish such a feat include microfluidic technology-based approaches, microphysiological systems, microwells, microarray-based platforms, 3D bioprinted models, and electrospun fiber mat-based scaffolds. This article discusses the engineering or technology-driven practices for making cardiac organoid models in comparison with self-assembled or scaffold-free methods to generate organoids. We further discuss emerging strategies for characterization of the bio-assembled cardiac organoids including electrophysiology and machine-learning and conclude with prospective points of interest for engineering cardiac tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas.
| | - Sylvia L Natividad-Diaz
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andie E Padilla
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Aibhlin A Esparza
- Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Salma P Ramirez
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL); Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
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14
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Mohammadi MH, Okhovatian S, Savoji H, Campbell SB, Lai BFL, Wu J, Pascual-Gil S, Bannerman D, Rafatian N, Li RK, Radisic M. Toward Hierarchical Assembly of Aligned Cell Sheets into a Conical Cardiac Ventricle Using Microfabricated Elastomers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101165. [PMID: 35798316 PMCID: PMC9691564 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite current efforts in organ-on-chip engineering to construct miniature cardiac models, they often lack some physiological aspects of the heart, including fiber orientation. This motivates the development of bioartificial left ventricle models that mimic the myofiber orientation of the native ventricle. Herein, an approach relying on microfabricated elastomers that enables hierarchical assembly of 2D aligned cell sheets into a functional conical cardiac ventricle is described. Soft lithography and injection molding techniques are used to fabricate micro-grooves on an elastomeric polymer scaffold with three different orientations ranging from -60° to +60°, each on a separate trapezoidal construct. The width of the micro-grooves is optimized to direct the majority of cells along the groove direction and while periodic breaks are used to promote cell-cell contact. The scaffold is wrapped around a central mandrel to obtain a conical-shaped left ventricle model inspired by the size of a human left ventricle 19 weeks post-gestation. Rectangular micro-scale holes are incorporated to alleviate oxygen diffusional limitations within the 3D scaffold. Cardiomyocytes within the 3D left ventricle constructs showed high viability in all layers after 7 days of cultivation. The hierarchically assembled left ventricle also provided functional readouts such as calcium transients and ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott B. Campbell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lun Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Pascual-Gil
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Bannerman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Criscione J, Rezaei Z, Hernandez Cantu CM, Murphy S, Shin SR, Kim DH. Heart-on-a-chip platforms and biosensor integration for disease modeling and phenotypic drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Kałużna E, Nadel A, Zimna A, Rozwadowska N, Kolanowski T. Modeling the human heart ex vivo-current possibilities and strive for future applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:853-874. [PMID: 35748158 PMCID: PMC9796015 DOI: 10.1002/term.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The high organ specification of the human heart is inversely proportional to its functional recovery after damage. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has accelerated research in human heart regeneration and physiology. Nevertheless, due to the immaturity of iPSC-CMs, they are far from being an representative model of the adult heart physiology. Therefore, number of laboratories strive to obtain a heart tissues by engineering methods by structuring iPSC-CMs into complex and advanced platforms. By using the iPSC-CMs and arranging them in 3D cultures it is possible to obtain a human heart muscle with physiological capabilities potentially similar to the adult heart, while remaining in vitro. Here, we attempt to describe existing examples of heart muscle either in vitro or ex vivo models and discuss potential options for the further development of such structures. This will be a crucial step for ultimate derivation of complete heart tissue-mimicking organs and their future use in drug development, therapeutic approaches testing, pre-clinical studies, and clinical applications. This review particularly aims to compile available models of advanced human heart tissue for scientists considering which model would best fit their research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kałużna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Nadel
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human GeneticsPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
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17
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King O, Cruz-Moreira D, Sayed A, Kermani F, Kit-Anan W, Sunyovszki I, Wang BX, Downing B, Fourre J, Hachim D, Randi AM, Stevens MM, Rasponi M, Terracciano CM. Functional microvascularization of human myocardium in vitro. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100280. [PMID: 36160044 PMCID: PMC9499876 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report static and perfused models of human myocardial-microvascular interaction. In static culture, we observe distinct regulation of electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in co-culture with human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and human left ventricular fibroblasts (hLVFBs), including modification of beating rate, action potential, calcium handling, and pro-arrhythmic substrate. Within a heart-on-a-chip model, we subject this three-dimensional (3D) co-culture to microfluidic perfusion and vasculogenic growth factors to induce spontaneous assembly of perfusable myocardial microvasculature. Live imaging of red blood cells within myocardial microvasculature reveals pulsatile flow generated by beating hiPSC-CMs. This study therefore demonstrates a functionally vascularized in vitro model of human myocardium with widespread potential applications in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín King
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
| | - Alaa Sayed
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fatemeh Kermani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ilona Sunyovszki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brian X. Wang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barrett Downing
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome Fourre
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Hachim
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
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18
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Nahak BK, Mishra A, Preetam S, Tiwari A. Advances in Organ-on-a-Chip Materials and Devices. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:3576-3607. [PMID: 35839513 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OoC) paves a way for biomedical applications ranging from preclinical to clinical translational precision. The current trends in the in vitro modeling is to reduce the complexity of human organ anatomy to the fundamental cellular microanatomy as an alternative of recreating the entire cell milieu that allows systematic analysis of medicinal absorption of compounds, metabolism, and mechanistic investigation. The OoC devices accurately represent human physiology in vitro; however, it is vital to choose the correct chip materials. The potential chip materials include inorganic, elastomeric, thermoplastic, natural, and hybrid materials. Despite the fact that polydimethylsiloxane is the most commonly utilized polymer for OoC and microphysiological systems, substitute materials have been continuously developed for its advanced applications. The evaluation of human physiological status can help to demonstrate using noninvasive OoC materials in real-time procedures. Therefore, this Review examines the materials used for fabricating OoC devices, the application-oriented pros and cons, possessions for device fabrication and biocompatibility, as well as their potential for downstream biochemical surface alteration and commercialization. The convergence of emerging approaches, such as advanced materials, artificial intelligence, machine learning, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, and genomics, have the potential to perform OoC technology at next generation. Thus, OoC technologies provide easy and precise methodologies in cost-effective clinical monitoring and treatment using standardized protocols, at even personalized levels. Because of the inherent utilization of the integrated materials, employing the OoC with biomedical approaches will be a promising methodology in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Subham Preetam
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika 59053, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
3D cardiac engineered constructs have yielded not only the next generation of cardiac regenerative medicine but also have allowed for more accurate modeling of both healthy and diseased cardiac tissues. This is critical as current cardiac treatments are rudimentary and often default to eventual heart transplants. This review serves to highlight the various cell types found in cardiac tissues and how they correspond with current advanced fabrication methods for creating cardiac engineered constructs capable of shedding light on various pathologies and providing the therapeutic potential for damaged myocardium. In addition, insight is given toward the future direction of the field with an emphasis on the creation of specialized and personalized constructs that model the region-specific microtopography and function of native cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rogozinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street K240B, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA
| | - Apuleyo Yanez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street K240B, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA
| | - Rahulkumar Bhoi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street K240B, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street K240B, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 N. Elm Street K240B, Denton, TX 76207-7102, USA
- Corresponding author
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20
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Arslan U, Moruzzi A, Nowacka J, Mummery C, Eckardt D, Loskill P, Orlova V. Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100259. [PMID: 35514437 PMCID: PMC9062349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of heart disease and drug responses are increasingly based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) since their ability to capture human heart (dys-)function is often better than animal models. Simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, however, have shortcomings. Some of these can be overcome using more complex, multi cell-type models in 3D. Here we review modalities that address this, describe efforts to tailor readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology (exogenously and in situ) and discuss perspectives for implementation in industry and academia.
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21
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Cox-Pridmore DM, Castro FA, Silva SRP, Camelliti P, Zhao Y. Emerging Bioelectronic Strategies for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering and Implantation. Small 2022; 18:e2105281. [PMID: 35119208 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heart diseases are currently the leading cause of death worldwide. The ability to create cardiovascular tissue has numerous applications in understanding tissue development, disease progression, pharmacological testing, bio-actuators, and transplantation; yet current cardiovascular tissue engineering (CTE) methods are limited. However, there have been emerging developments in the bioelectronics field, with the creation of biomimetic devices that can intimately interact with cardiac cells, provide monitoring capabilities, and regulate tissue formation. Combining bioelectronics with cardiac tissue engineering can overcome current limitations and produce physiologically relevant tissue that can be used in various areas of cardiovascular research and medicine. This review highlights the recent advances in cardiovascular-based bioelectronics. First, cardiac tissue engineering and the potential of bioelectronic therapies for cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Second, advantageous bioelectronic materials for CTE and implantation and their properties are reviewed. Third, several representative cardiovascular tissue-bioelectronic interface models and the beneficial functions that bioelectronics can demonstrate in in vitro and in vivo applications are explored. Finally, the prospects and remaining challenges for clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle M Cox-Pridmore
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando A Castro
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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22
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Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Stadler FJ, Yazdi MK, Nezhad MN, Mohebbi S, Seidi F, Ganjali MR, Mozafari M. Human Organs-on-Chips: A Review of the State-of-the-Art, Current Prospects, and Future Challenges. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2000526. [PMID: 34837667 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New emerging technologies, remarkably miniaturized 3D organ models and microfluidics, enable simulation of the real in vitro microenvironment ex vivo more closely. There are many fascinating features of innovative organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology, including the possibility of integrating semipermeable and/or stretchable membranes, creating continuous perfusion of fluids into microchannels and chambers (while maintaining laminar flow regime), embedding microdevices like microsensors, microstimulators, micro heaters, or different cell lines, along with other 3D cell culture technologies. OOC systems are designed to imitate the structure and function of human organs, ranging from breathing lungs to beating hearts. This technology is expected to be able to revolutionize cell biology studies, personalized precision medicine, drug development process, and cancer diagnosis/treatment. OOC systems can significantly reduce the cost associated with tedious drug development processes and the risk of adverse drug reactions in the body, which makes drug screening more effective. The review mainly focus on presenting an overview of the several previously developed OOC systems accompanied by subjects relevant to pharmacy-, cancer-, and placenta-on-a-chip. The challenging issues and opportunities related to these systems are discussed, along with a future perspective for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nasiri Nezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, 57166-419, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14395-1179, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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23
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Lu RXZ, Radisic M. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for evaluation of environmental nanoparticle toxicity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2801-2819. [PMID: 33665510 PMCID: PMC7900603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite showing a great promise in the field of nanomedicine, nanoparticles have gained a significant attention from regulatory agencies regarding their possible adverse health effects upon environmental exposure. Whether those nanoparticles are generated through intentional or unintentional means, the constant exposure to nanomaterials can inevitably lead to unintended consequences based on epidemiological data, yet the current understanding of nanotoxicity is insufficient relative to the rate of their emission in the environment and the lack of predictive platforms that mimic the human physiology. This calls for a development of more physiologically relevant models, which permit the comprehensive and systematic examination of toxic properties of nanoparticles. With the advancement in microfabrication techniques, scientists have shifted their focus on the development of an engineered system that acts as an intermediate between a well-plate system and animal models, known as organ-on-a-chips. The ability of organ-on-a-chip models to recapitulate in vivo like microenvironment and responses offers a new avenue for nanotoxicological research. In this review, we aim to provide overview of assessing potential risks of nanoparticle exposure using organ-on-a-chip systems and their potential to delineate biological mechanisms of epidemiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Clapp N, Amour A, Rowan WC, Candarlioglu PL. Organ-on-chip applications in drug discovery: an end user perspective. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1881-90. [PMID: 34397080 DOI: 10.1042/BST20210840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems are in vitro microfluidic models that mimic the microstructures, functions and physiochemical environments of whole living organs more accurately than two-dimensional models. While still in their infancy, OoCs are expected to bring ground-breaking benefits to a myriad of applications, enabling more human-relevant candidate drug efficacy and toxicity studies, and providing greater insights into mechanisms of human disease. Here, we explore a selection of applications of OoC systems. The future directions and scope of implementing OoCs across the drug discovery process are also discussed.
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Canonico F, Chirivi M, Maiullari F, Milan M, Rizzi R, Arcudi A, Galli M, Pane M, Gowran A, Pompilio G, Mercuri E, Crea F, Bearzi C, D'Amario D. Focus on the road to modelling cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1872-1884. [PMID: 34254111 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the DMD gene, which codes for the protein dystrophin, cause forms of dystrophinopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked disease. Cardiomyopathy linked to DMD mutations is becoming the leading cause of death in patients with dystrophinopathy. Since phenotypic pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood, the improvement and development of new disease models, considering their relative advantages and disadvantages, is essential. The application of genetic engineering approaches on induced pluripotent stem cells, such as gene editing technology, enables the development of physiologically relevant human cell models for in vitro dystrophinopathy studies. The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular cell types and 3 D bioprinting technologies hold great promise for the study of dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy. This combined approach enables the assessment of responses to physical or chemical stimuli, and the influence of pharmaceutical approaches. The critical objective of in vitro microphysiological systems is to more accurately reproduce the microenvironment observed in vivo. Ground-breaking methodology involving the connection of multiple microphysiological systems comprised of different tissues would represent a move toward precision body-on-chip disease modelling could lead to a critical expansion in what is known about inter-organ responses to disease and novel therapies that have the potential to replace animal models. In this review, we will focus on the generation, development, and application of current cellular, animal and potential for bio-printed models, in the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dystrophin-linked cardiomyopathy in the direction of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Canonico
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Maila Chirivi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maiullari
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arcudi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Galli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
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26
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King O, Sunyovszki I, Terracciano CM. Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell-derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1117-1136. [PMID: 33855631 PMCID: PMC8245389 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell-derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín King
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Ilona Sunyovszki
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Cesare M Terracciano
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
After cardiovascular injury, numerous pathological processes adversely impact the homeostatic function of cardiomyocyte, macrophage, fibroblast, endothelial cell, and vascular smooth muscle cell populations. Subsequent malfunctioning of these cells may further contribute to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. By modulating cellular responses after injury, it is possible to create local environments that promote wound healing and tissue repair mechanisms. The extracellular matrix continuously provides these mechanosensitive cell types with physical cues spanning the micro- and nanoscale to influence behaviors such as adhesion, morphology, and phenotype. It is therefore becoming increasingly compelling to harness these cell-substrate interactions to elicit more native cell behaviors that impede cardiovascular disease progression and enhance regenerative potential. This review discusses recent in vitro and preclinical work that have demonstrated the therapeutic implications of micro- and nanoscale biophysical cues on cell types adversely affected in cardiovascular diseases - cardiomyocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mohindra
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
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López-Canosa A, Perez-Amodio S, Yanac-Huertas E, Ordoño J, Rodriguez-Trujillo R, Samitier J, Castaño O, Engel E. A microphysiological system combining electrospun fibers and electrical stimulation for the maturation of highly anisotropic cardiac tissue. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33962409 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abff12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The creation of cardiac tissue models for preclinical testing is still a non-solved problem in drug discovery, due to the limitations related to thein vitroreplication of cardiac tissue complexity. Among these limitations, the difficulty of mimicking the functional properties of the myocardium due to the immaturity of the used cells hampers the obtention of reliable results that could be translated into human patients.In vivomodels are the current gold standard to test new treatments, although it is widely acknowledged that the used animals are unable to fully recapitulate human physiology, which often leads to failures during clinical trials. In the present work, we present a microfluidic platform that aims to provide a range of signaling cues to immature cardiac cells to drive them towards an adult phenotype. The device combines topographical electrospun nanofibers with electrical stimulation in a microfabricated system. We validated our platform using a co-culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, showing that it allows us to control the degree of anisotropy of the cardiac tissue inside the microdevice in a cost-effective way. Moreover, a 3D computational model of the electrical field was created and validated to demonstrate that our platform is able to closely match the distribution obtained with the gold standard (planar electrode technology) using inexpensive rod-shaped biocompatible stainless-steel electrodes. The functionality of the electrical stimulation was shown to induce a higher expression of the tight junction protein Cx-43, as well as the upregulation of several key genes involved in conductive and structural cardiac properties. These results validate our platform as a powerful tool for the tissue engineering community due to its low cost, high imaging compatibility, versatility, and high-throughput configuration capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Canosa
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Perez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Yanac-Huertas
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ordoño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Rafatian N, Vizely K, Al Asafen H, Korolj A, Radisic M. Drawing Inspiration from Developmental Biology for Cardiac Tissue Engineers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000190. [PMID: 34008910 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sound understanding of developmental biology is part of the foundation of effective stem cell-derived tissue engineering. Here, the key concepts of cardiac development that are successfully applied in a bioinspired approach to growing engineered cardiac tissues, are reviewed. The native cardiac milieu is studied extensively from embryonic to adult phenotypes, as it provides a resource of factors, mechanisms, and protocols to consider when working toward establishing living tissues in vitro. It begins with the various cell types that constitute the cardiac tissue. It is discussed how myocytes interact with other cell types and their microenvironment and how they change over time from the embryonic to the adult states, with a view on how such changes affect the tissue function and may be used in engineered tissue models. Key embryonic signaling pathways that have been leveraged in the design of culture media and differentiation protocols are presented. The cellular microenvironment, from extracellular matrix chemical and physical properties, to the dynamic mechanical and electrical forces that are exerted on tissues is explored. It is shown that how such microenvironmental factors can inform the design of biomaterials, scaffolds, stimulation bioreactors, and maturation readouts, and suggest considerations for ongoing biomimetic advancement of engineered cardiac tissues and regeneration strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katrina Vizely
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Hadel Al Asafen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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Cho S, Lee C, Skylar-Scott MA, Heilshorn SC, Wu JC. Reconstructing the heart using iPSCs: Engineering strategies and applications. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:56-65. [PMID: 33895197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a key component of cardiac tissue engineering, enabling studies of cardiovascular disease mechanisms, drug responses, and developmental processes in human 3D tissue models assembled from isogenic cells. Since the very first engineered heart tissues were introduced more than two decades ago, a wide array of iPSC-derived cardiac spheroids, organoids, and heart-on-a-chip models have been developed incorporating the latest available technologies and materials. In this review, we will first outline the fundamental biological building blocks required to form a functional unit of cardiac muscle, including iPSC-derived cells differentiated by soluble factors (e.g., small molecules), extracellular matrix scaffolds, and exogenous biophysical maturation cues. We will then summarize the different fabrication approaches and strategies employed to reconstruct the heart in vitro at varying scales and geometries. Finally, we will discuss how these platforms, with continued improvements in scalability and tissue maturity, can contribute to both basic cardiovascular research and clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyun Cho
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark A Skylar-Scott
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
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Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Laura M. Windt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- MESA+ Institute (B.J.v.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies (C.L.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Yip JK, Sarkar D, Petersen AP, Gipson JN, Tao J, Kale S, Rexius-Hall ML, Cho N, Khalil NN, Kapadia R, McCain ML. Contact photolithography-free integration of patterned and semi-transparent indium tin oxide stimulation electrodes into polydimethylsiloxane-based heart-on-a-chip devices for streamlining physiological recordings. Lab Chip 2021; 21:674-687. [PMID: 33439202 PMCID: PMC7968549 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled electrical stimulation is essential for evaluating the physiology of cardiac tissues engineered in heart-on-a-chip devices. However, existing stimulation techniques, such as external platinum electrodes or opaque microelectrode arrays patterned on glass substrates, have limited throughput, reproducibility, or compatibility with other desirable features of heart-on-a-chip systems, such as the use of tunable culture substrates, imaging accessibility, or enclosure in a microfluidic device. In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO), a conductive, semi-transparent, and biocompatible material, was deposited onto glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated coverslips as parallel or point stimulation electrodes using laser-cut tape masks. ITO caused substrate discoloration but did not prevent brightfield imaging. ITO-patterned substrates were microcontact printed with arrayed lines of fibronectin and seeded with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, which assembled into aligned cardiac tissues. ITO deposited as parallel or point electrodes was connected to an external stimulator and used to successfully stimulate micropatterned cardiac tissues to generate calcium transients or propagating calcium waves, respectively. ITO electrodes were also integrated into the cantilever-based muscular thin film (MTF) assay to stimulate and quantify the contraction of micropatterned cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the potential for multiple ITO electrodes to be integrated into larger, multiplexed systems, two sets of ITO electrodes were deposited onto a single substrate and used to stimulate the contraction of distinct micropatterned cardiac tissues independently. Collectively, these approaches for integrating ITO electrodes into heart-on-a-chip devices are relatively facile, modular, and scalable and could have diverse applications in microphysiological systems of excitable tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn K Yip
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Debarghya Sarkar
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Gipson
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jun Tao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Salil Kale
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Megan L Rexius-Hall
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Nathan Cho
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Natalie N Khalil
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Rehan Kapadia
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. and Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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33
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Petersen AP, Cho N, Lyra-Leite DM, Santoso JW, Gupta D, Ariyasinghe NR, McCain ML. Regulation of calcium dynamics and propagation velocity by tissue microstructure in engineered strands of cardiac tissue. Integr Biol (Camb) 2021; 12:34-46. [PMID: 32118279 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions to cardiac tissue microstructure are common in diseased or injured myocardium and are known substrates for arrhythmias. However, we have a relatively coarse understanding of the relationships between myocardial tissue microstructure, propagation velocity and calcium cycling, due largely to the limitations of conventional experimental tools. To address this, we used microcontact printing to engineer strands of cardiac tissue with eight different widths, quantified several structural and functional parameters and established correlation coefficients. As strand width increased, actin alignment, nuclei density, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio decreased with unique trends. The propagation velocity of calcium waves decreased and the rise time of calcium transients increased with increasing strand width. The decay time constant of calcium transients decreased and then slightly increased with increasing strand width. Based on correlation coefficients, actin alignment was the strongest predictor of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time. Sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were also strongly correlated with propagation velocity. Actin alignment, sarcomere index and cell aspect ratio were all weak predictors of the calcium transient decay time constant. We also measured the expression of several genes relevant to propagation and calcium cycling and found higher expression of the genes that encode for connexin 43 (Cx43) and a subunit of L-type calcium channels in thin strands compared to isotropic tissues. Together, these results suggest that thinner strands have higher values of propagation velocity and calcium transient rise time due to a combination of favorable tissue microstructure and enhanced expression of genes for Cx43 and L-type calcium channels. These data are important for defining how microstructural features regulate intercellular and intracellular calcium handling, which is needed to understand mechanisms of propagation in physiological situations and arrhythmogenesis in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Petersen
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Cho
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davi M Lyra-Leite
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Doherty EL, Aw WY, Hickey AJ, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidic and Organ-on-a-Chip Approaches to Investigate Cellular and Microenvironmental Contributions to Cardiovascular Function and Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624435. [PMID: 33614613 PMCID: PMC7890362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in microfabrication and biomaterials have facilitated the development of microfluidic tissue and organ models to address challenges with conventional animal and cell culture systems. These systems have largely been developed for human disease modeling and preclinical drug development and have been increasingly used to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, particularly in the cardiovascular system where the characteristic mechanics and architecture are difficult to recapitulate in traditional systems. Here, we review recent microfluidic approaches to model the cardiovascular system and novel insights provided by these systems. Key features of microfluidic approaches include the ability to pattern cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) at cellular length scales and the ability to use patient-derived cells. We focus the review on approaches that have leveraged these features to explore the relationship between genetic mutations and the microenvironment in cardiovascular disease progression. Additionally, we discuss limitations and benefits of the various approaches, and conclude by considering the role further advances in microfabrication technology and biochemistry techniques play in establishing microfluidic cardiovascular disease models as central tools for understanding biological mechanisms and for developing interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Doherty
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anthony J. Hickey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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35
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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Yu J, Cai P, Chen X. Structural Regulation of Myocytes in Engineered Healthy and Diseased Cardiac Models. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:267-276. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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37
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Xiao Q, Sun S, Wu K, Huang N. A human hair-based platform for long-term maintenance of 3D engineered cardiac tissues in vitro. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020; 605:125398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Ren L, Zhou X, Nasiri R, Fang J, Jiang X, Wang C, Qu M, Ling H, Chen Y, Xue Y, Hartel MC, Tebon P, Zhang S, Kim HJ, Yuan X, Shamloo A, Dokmeci MR, Li S, Khademhosseini A, Ahadian S, Sun W. Combined Effects of Electric Stimulation and Microgrooves in Cardiac Tissue-on-a-Chip for Drug Screening. Small Methods 2020; 4:2000438. [PMID: 34423115 PMCID: PMC8372829 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal models and traditional cell cultures are essential tools for drug development. However, these platforms can show striking discrepancies in efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. These differences can lengthen the drug development process and even lead to drug withdrawal from the market. The establishment of preclinical drug screening platforms that have higher relevancy to physiological conditions is desirable to facilitate drug development. Here, a heart-on-a-chip platform, incorporating microgrooves and electrical pulse stimulations to recapitulate the well-aligned structure and synchronous beating of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for drug screening, is reported. Each chip is made with facile lithographic and laser-cutting processes that can be easily scaled up to high-throughput format. The maturation and phenotypic changes of CMs cultured on the heart-on-a-chip is validated and it can be treated with various drugs to evaluate cardiotoxicity and cardioprotective efficacy. The heart-on-a-chip can provide a high-throughput drug screening platform in preclinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Canran Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Moyuan Qu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haonan Ling
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yihang Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yumeng Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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39
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Huang YH, Yang CF, Hsu YH. Development of a cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system for application in drug screening. Lab Chip 2020; 20:3423-3434. [PMID: 32785399 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system is developed for drug screening. The core structure is a polyvinylidene-fluoride piezoelectric membrane that serves as a flexible structure to interact with hiPSC cardiomyocytes and that measures the contraction profile of cardiomyocytes. This design enables the capability of electrically monitoring cardiomyocytes without the aid of an optical system. To guide cardiomyocytes aligning on this circular piezoelectric membrane, concentric rings of polydimethylsiloxane microgrooves are bonded to its surface. Experimental results demonstrate that seeded cardiomyocytes can align and elongate along the circular microgrooves to form a concentric pattern. To promote cardiomyocyte maturation, bipolar stimulation is conducted using a pin and a ring electrode made of a 304 stainless steel sheet. Furthermore, to maintain body temperature and minimize environmental noise, a 304 stainless steel box is constructed to enclose the cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid platform. It serves as an incubator and is electrically grounded for electromagnetic interference shielding. Using this system, continuous and repeated contractions of cardiomyocytes can be developed and monitored electrically. The system performance is verified using two commercial drugs: isoproterenol and metoprolol. It is experimentally demonstrated that this system can monitor the dosage effect of both drugs. Our results also show that the measured EC50 and IC50 values of contraction frequency and amplitude are in the same range. These findings suggest that both drugs can influence the beat frequency and contraction force simultaneously. In summary, taking advantage of the electro-mechanical coupling effect of the piezoelectric membrane, this system could be scaled up to perform automatic and parallel screenings for drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Huang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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40
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Shahin-Shamsabadi A, Selvaganapathy PR. Tissue-in-a-Tube: three-dimensional in vitro tissue constructs with integrated multimodal environmental stimulation. Mater Today Bio 2020; 7:100070. [PMID: 32875285 PMCID: PMC7452320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tissue models are superior to two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures in replicating natural physiological/pathological conditions by recreating the cellular and cell-matrix interactions more faithfully. Nevertheless, current 3D models lack either the rich multicellular environment or fail to provide appropriate biophysical stimuli both of which are required to properly recapitulate the dynamic in vivo microenvironment of tissues and organs. Here, we describe the rapid construction of multicellular, tubular tissue constructs termed Tissue-in-a-Tube using self-assembly process in tubular molds with the ability to incorporate a variety of biophysical stimuli such as electrical field, mechanical deformation, and shear force of the fluid flow. Unlike other approaches, this method is simple, requires only oxygen permeable silicone tubing that molds the tissue construct and thin stainless-steel pins inserted in it to anchor the construct and could be used to provide electrical and mechanical stimuli, simultaneously. The annular region between the tissue construct and the tubing is used for perfusion. Highly stable, macroscale, and robust constructs anchored to the pins form as a result of self-assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells in the bioink that is filled into the tubing. We demonstrate patterning of grafts containing cell types in the constructs in axial and radial modes with clear interface and continuity between the layers. Different environmental factors affecting cell behavior such as compactness of the structure and size of the constructs can be controlled through parameters such as initial cell density, ECM content, tubing size, as well as the distance between anchor pins. Using connectors, network of tubing can be assembled to create complex macrostructured tissues (centimeters length) such as fibers that are bifurcated or columns with different axial thicknesses which can then be used as building blocks for biomimetic constructs or tissue regeneration. The method is versatile and compatible with various cell types including endothelial, epithelial, skeletal muscle cells, osteoblast cells, and neuronal cells. As an example, long mature skeletal muscle and neuronal fibers as well as bone constructs were fabricated with cellular alignment dictated by the applied electrical field. The versatility, speed, and low cost of this method is suited for widespread application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P R Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Canada
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41
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Kuzmanov U, Wang EY, Vanderlaan R, Kim DH, Lee SH, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Guo H, Zhao Y, McFadden M, Sharma P, Billia F, Radisic M, Gramolini A, Emili A. Mapping signalling perturbations in myocardial fibrosis via the integrative phosphoproteomic profiling of tissue from diverse sources. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:889-900. [PMID: 32661320 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Study of the molecular basis of myocardial fibrosis is hampered by limited access to tissues from human patients and by confounding variables associated with sample accessibility, collection, processing and storage. Here, we report an integrative strategy based on mass spectrometry for the phosphoproteomic profiling of normal and fibrotic cardiac tissue obtained from surgical explants from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, from a transaortic-constriction mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and from a heart-on-a-chip model of cardiac fibrosis. We used the integrative approach to map the relative abundance of thousands of proteins, phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites specific to each tissue source, to identify key signalling pathways driving fibrosis and to screen for anti-fibrotic compounds targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3, which has a consistent role as a key mediator of fibrosis in all three types of tissue specimen. The integrative disease-modelling strategy may reveal new insights into mechanisms of cardiac disease and serve as a test bed for drug screening.
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42
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Azizipour N, Avazpour R, Rosenzweig DH, Sawan M, Ajji A. Evolution of Biochip Technology: A Review from Lab-on-a-Chip to Organ-on-a-Chip. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E599. [PMID: 32570945 PMCID: PMC7345732 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following the advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies, a novel biomedical application for microfluidic based devices has emerged in recent years and microengineered cell culture platforms have been created. These micro-devices, known as organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms mimic the in vivo like microenvironment of living organs and offer more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human organs. Consequently, the concept of OOC has gained great attention from researchers in the field worldwide to offer powerful tools for biomedical researches including disease modeling, drug development, etc. This review highlights the background of biochip development. Herein, we focus on applications of LOC devices as a versatile tool for POC applications. We also review current progress in OOC platforms towards body-on-a-chip, and we provide concluding remarks and future perspectives for OOC platforms for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Azizipour
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Rahi Avazpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Derek H. Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada;
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Polystim Neurotech Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- CenBRAIN Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
- NSERC-Industry Chair, CREPEC, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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43
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Yang JW, Shen YC, Lin KC, Cheng SJ, Chen SL, Chen CY, Kumar PV, Lin SF, Lu HE, Chen GY. Organ-on-a-Chip: Opportunities for Assessing the Toxicity of Particulate Matter. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:519. [PMID: 32548105 PMCID: PMC7272695 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in epidemiology have confirmed that airborne particulates are directly associated with respiratory pathology and mortality. Although clinical studies have yielded evidence of the effects of many types of fine particulates on human health, it still does not have a complete understanding of how physiological reactions are caused nor to the changes and damages associated with cellular and molecular mechanisms. Currently, most health assessment studies of particulate matter (PM) are conducted through cell culture or animal experiments. The results of such experiments often do not correlate with clinical findings or actual human reactions, and they also cause difficulty when investigating the causes of air pollution and associated human health hazards, the analysis of biomarkers, and the development of future pollution control strategies. Microfluidic-based cell culture technology has considerable potential to expand the capabilities of conventional cell culture by providing high-precision measurement, considerably increasing the potential for the parallelization of cellular assays, ensuring inexpensive automation, and improving the response of the overall cell culture in a more physiologically relevant context. This review paper focuses on integrating the important respiratory health problems caused by air pollution today, as well as the development and application of biomimetic organ-on-a-chip technology. This more precise experimental model is expected to accelerate studies elucidating the effect of PM on the human body and to reveal new opportunities for breakthroughs in disease research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chih Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Luen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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44
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Obenaus AM, Mollica MY, Sniadecki NJ. (De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901454. [PMID: 31951099 PMCID: PMC7274881 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability for biological cells to produce mechanical forces is important for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissue. The measurement of cellular forces is not a straightforward task because individual cells are microscopic in size and the forces they produce are at the nanonewton scale. Consequently, studies in cell mechanics rely on advanced biomaterials or flexible structures that permit one to infer these forces by the deformation they impart on the material or structure. Herein, the scientific progression on the use of deformable materials and deformable structures to measure cellular forces are reviewed. The findings and insights made possible with these approaches in the field of cell mechanics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Obenaus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Molly Y Mollica
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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45
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Smith AS, Choi E, Gray K, Macadangdang J, Ahn EH, Clark EC, Laflamme MA, Wu JC, Murry CE, Tung L, Kim DH. NanoMEA: A Tool for High-Throughput, Electrophysiological Phenotyping of Patterned Excitable Cells. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1561-1570. [PMID: 31845810 PMCID: PMC7547911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrix nanotopographical cues are known to regulate the structure and function of somatic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) sources. High-throughput electrophysiological analysis of excitable cells derived from hPSCs is possible via multielectrode arrays (MEAs) but conventional MEA platforms use flat substrates and do not reproduce physiologically relevant tissue-specific architecture. To address this issue, we developed a high-throughput nanotopographically patterned multielectrode array (nanoMEA) by integrating conductive, ion-permeable, nanotopographic patterns with 48-well MEA plates, and investigated the effect of substrate-mediated cytoskeletal organization on hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte and neuronal function at scale. Using our nanoMEA platform, we found patterned hPSC-derived cardiac monolayers exhibit both enhanced structural organization and greater sensitivity to treatment with calcium blocking or conduction inhibiting compounds when subjected to high-throughput dose-response studies. Similarly, hPSC-derived neurons grown on nanoMEA substrates exhibit faster migration and neurite outgrowth speeds, greater colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic markers, and enhanced cell-cell communication only revealed through examination of data sets derived from multiple technical replicates. The presented data highlight the nanoMEA as a new tool to facilitate high-throughput, electrophysiological analysis of ordered cardiac and neuronal monolayers, which can have important implications for preclinical analysis of excitable cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S.T. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Kevin Gray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- NanoSurface Biomedical, Inc. Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Macadangdang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- NanoSurface Biomedical, Inc. Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisa C. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael A. Laflamme
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Deok-Ho Kim, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Building, 715B, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205,
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Sokolowska P, Zukowski K, Lasocka I, Szulc-Dabrowska L, Jastrzebska E. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation towards cardiac cells using a new microbioanalytical method. Analyst 2020; 145:3017-3028. [PMID: 32133460 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are more and more often applied in tissue engineering and cell therapies, e.g. in regenerative medicine. Standard methods of SC differentiation are time consuming and ineffective. Therefore, new bioanalytical methods (i.e. Lab-on-a-Chip systems) are develop to improve such type of studies. Although, microtechnology is a rapidly growing research area, there are so far not too many works which present SC differentiation into cardiomyocytes in the microsystems. Therefore, we present new microbioanalytical method of SC differentiation towards cardiac cells using a newly developed digitally controlled microdispenser integrated with a Heart-on-a-chip system. Seven-day culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their differentiation using biochemical factors such as 5-AZA (2 μM, 24 h) and VEGF (20 ng ml-1, 72 h) were investigated in the microsystem which was automatically operated using smartphone software. hMSC differentiation into the cardiac cells was confirmed using immunostaining of cardiac markers (α-actinin and troponin T). The usage of the microsystem allowed shortening the time of hMSC differentiation in comparison to macroscale method. We showed that the microsystem, in which the in vivo microenvironment is mimicked and dynamic conditions are provided by a microdispenser, favorably affect hMSC differentiation towards cardiac cells. Based on the presented research we can conclude that the developed digitally controlled microsystem could be successfully utilized as a new microbioanalytical method for stem cells differentiation and analysis of their function under dynamic conditions. In the future, this could be a helpful tool for scientists working on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Sokolowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Wu Q, Lai BFL, Lu RX, Savoji H, Radisic M. Towards chamber specific heart-on-a-chip for drug testing applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 165-166:60-76. [PMID: 31917972 PMCID: PMC7338250 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of human organs has long been a task for scientists in order to lower the costs of therapeutic development and understand the pathological onset of human disease. For decades, despite marked differences in genetics and etiology, animal models remained the norm for drug discovery and disease modeling. Innovative biofabrication techniques have facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip technology that has great potential to complement conventional animal models. However, human organ as a whole, more specifically the human heart, is difficult to regenerate in vitro, in terms of its chamber specific orientation and its electrical functional complexity. Recent progress with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols, made recapitulating the complexity of the human heart possible through the generation of cells representative of atrial & ventricular tissue, the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Current heart-on-a-chip approaches incorporate biological, electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to facilitate tissue maturation, therefore improving the predictive power for the chamber-specific therapeutic effects targeting adult human. In this review, we will give a summary of current advances in heart-on-a-chip technology and provide a comprehensive outlook on the challenges involved in the development of human physiologically relevant heart-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rick Xingze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Sayegh MN, Fernandez N, Cho HC. Strength-duration relationship as a tool to prioritize cardiac tissue properties that govern electrical excitability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H13-H25. [PMID: 30925072 PMCID: PMC7199233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissue and cardiomyocyte cell cultures offer wide opportunities for improved therapeutic intervention and laboratory heart models. Electrical field excitation is a common intervention in the production of engineered tissue and the investigation of the electrical properties of in vitro cell cultures. In this work, we use strength-duration relationships to investigate systematically factors influencing electrical excitability of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures. We find that the strength of the voltage pulse is negatively correlated with the threshold duration, as predicted by the Lapicque-Hill equation, and show that higher pacing frequencies require higher thresholds to capture paced cultures. We also study the impact of properties intrinsic to the 2D and 3D cultures on strength-duration relationships. We show that a smaller culture dimension, perpendicular anisotropic culture orientation with respect to electrical field, higher proportion of added fibroblasts, and TBX18-induced pacemaker reprogramming independently result in higher stimulation thresholds. These properties reflect the characteristics of the well-insulated endogenous pacemaking tissue in the heart (sinoatrial node) and should guide the engineering of biological pacemakers for improved outcomes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gaps exist in the availability of in vitro functional assessment tools that can emulate the integration of regenerative cells and tissues to the host myocardium. We use strength-duration relationships of electrically stimulated two- and three-dimensional myocardial constructs to study the effects of pacing frequency, culture dimensions, anisotropic cell alignment, fibroblast content, and pacemaker phenotype on electrical excitability. Our study delivers electrical strength-duration as a quantifiable parameter to evaluate design parameters of engineered cardiac tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Sayegh
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,2Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,2Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Valls-Margarit M, Iglesias-García O, Di Guglielmo C, Sarlabous L, Tadevosyan K, Paoli R, Comelles J, Blanco-Almazán D, Jiménez-Delgado S, Castillo-Fernández O, Samitier J, Jané R, Martínez E, Raya Á. Engineered Macroscale Cardiac Constructs Elicit Human Myocardial Tissue-like Functionality. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:207-220. [PMID: 31231023 PMCID: PMC6626888 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro surrogate models of human cardiac tissue hold great promise in disease modeling, cardiotoxicity testing, and future applications in regenerative medicine. However, the generation of engineered human cardiac constructs with tissue-like functionality is currently thwarted by difficulties in achieving efficient maturation at the cellular and/or tissular level. Here, we report on the design and implementation of a platform for the production of engineered cardiac macrotissues from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which we term "CardioSlice." PSC-derived cardiomyocytes, together with human fibroblasts, are seeded into large 3D porous scaffolds and cultured using a parallelized perfusion bioreactor with custom-made culture chambers. Continuous electrical stimulation for 2 weeks promotes cardiomyocyte alignment and synchronization, and the emergence of cardiac tissue-like properties. These include electrocardiogram-like signals that can be readily measured on the surface of CardioSlice constructs, and a response to proarrhythmic drugs that is predictive of their effect in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valls-Margarit
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Di Guglielmo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Sarlabous
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karine Tadevosyan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Paoli
- Nanobioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Comelles
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Blanco-Almazán
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Senda Jiménez-Delgado
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Samitier
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Nanobioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Jané
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Signal Processing and Interpretation, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhang B, Lai BFL, Xie R, Davenport Huyer L, Montgomery M, Radisic M. Microfabrication of AngioChip, a biodegradable polymer scaffold with microfluidic vasculature. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:1793-813. [PMID: 30072724 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microengineered biomimetic systems for organ-on-a-chip or tissue engineering purposes often fail as a result of an inability to recapitulate the in vivo environment, specifically the presence of a well-defined vascular system. To address this limitation, we developed an alternative method to cultivate three-dimensional (3D) tissues by incorporating a microfabricated scaffold, termed AngioChip, with a built-in perfusable vascular network. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for fabricating the AngioChip scaffold, populating it with endothelial cells and parenchymal tissues, and applying it in organ-on-a-chip drug testing in vitro and surgical vascular anastomosis in vivo. The fabrication of the AngioChip scaffold is achieved by a 3D stamping technique, in which an intricate microchannel network can be embedded within a 3D scaffold. To develop a vascularized tissue, endothelial cells are cultured in the lumen of the AngioChip network, and parenchymal cells are encapsulated in hydrogels that are amenable to remodeling around the vascular network to form functional tissues. Together, these steps yield a functional, vascularized network in vitro over a 14-d period. Finally, we demonstrate the functionality of AngioChip-vascularized hepatic and cardiac tissues, and describe direct surgical anastomosis of the AngioChip vascular network on the hind limb of a Lewis rat model.
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