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Jia Y, Wang M, Li J, An S, Li T, Liu S. Selective Acoustic Trapping, Translating, Rotating, and Orienting of Organism From Heterogeneous Mixture. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1542-1551. [PMID: 38117632 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3342093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective contactless manipulation of organisms with intrinsic mobility from heterogeneous mixture is essential for biomedical engineering and microbiology. Acoustic manipulation, compared to its optical, magnetic, and electrostatic counterparts, provides superior bio-compatibility and additive-free properties. In this study, we present an acoustic manipulation system capable of selectively trapping, translating, rotating, and orienting individual organisms from in-Petri dish organism mixture using a phased transducer array and microscope, by dynamically steering the acoustic field. Specifically, using brine shrimp and zebrafish populations as example, the to-be-manipulated organisms with different sizes or morphologies can be manually designated by the user in microscopic image and interactively localized. Thereafter, the selected organisms can be automatically trapped from the heterogeneous mixture using a multiple focal point-based acoustic field steering method. Finally, the trapped organisms can be translated, rotated, and oriented in regard to the user's distinct manipulation objectives in instant response. In different tasks, closed-loop positioning and real-time motion planning control are performed, highlighting the innovation in terms of automation and accuracy of our manipulation technique. The results demonstrate that our acoustic manipulation system and acoustic field steering method enable selective, stable, precision, real-time, and in-Petri dish manipulation of organisms from heterogeneous mixture.
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2
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Wu Y, Gai J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Actuation of Living Cells. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:466. [PMID: 38675277 PMCID: PMC11052308 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Acoutofluidics is an increasingly developing and maturing technical discipline. With the advantages of being label-free, non-contact, bio-friendly, high-resolution, and remote-controllable, it is very suitable for the operation of living cells. After decades of fundamental laboratory research, its technical principles have become increasingly clear, and its manufacturing technology has gradually become popularized. Presently, various imaginative applications continue to emerge and are constantly being improved. Here, we introduce the development of acoustofluidic actuation technology from the perspective of related manipulation applications on living cells. Among them, we focus on the main development directions such as acoustofluidic sorting, acoustofluidic tissue engineering, acoustofluidic microscopy, and acoustofluidic biophysical therapy. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the current state of research and bridge past developments with future directions, offering researchers a comprehensive overview and sparking innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Junyang Gai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
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3
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Sethia N, Rao JS, Khashim Z, Schornack AMR, Etheridge ML, Peterson QP, Finger EB, Bischof JC, Dutcher CS. On Chip Sorting of Stem Cell-Derived β Cell Clusters Using Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves. Langmuir 2024. [PMID: 38318799 PMCID: PMC10883307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
There is a critical need for sorting complex materials, such as pancreatic islets of Langerhans, exocrine acinar tissues, and embryoid bodies. These materials are cell clusters, which have highly heterogeneous physical properties (such as size, shape, morphology, and deformability). Selecting such materials on the basis of specific properties can improve clinical outcomes and help advance biomedical research. In this work, we focused on sorting one such complex material, human stem cell-derived β cell clusters (SC-β cell clusters), by size. For this purpose, we developed a microfluidic device in which an image detection system was coupled to an actuation mechanism based on traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs). SC-β cell clusters of varying size (∼100-500 μm in diameter) were passed through the sorting device. Inside the device, the size of each cluster was estimated from their bright-field images. After size identification, larger clusters, relative to the cutoff size for separation, were selectively actuated using TSAW pulses. As a result of this selective actuation, smaller and larger clusters exited the device from different outlets. At the current sample dilutions, the experimental sorting efficiency ranged between 78% and 90% for a separation cutoff size of 250 μm, yielding sorting throughputs of up to 0.2 SC-β cell clusters/s using our proof-of-concept design. The biocompatibility of this sorting technique was also established, as no difference in SC-β cell cluster viability due to TSAW pulse usage was found. We conclude the proof-of-concept sorting work by discussing a few ways to optimize sorting of SC-β cell clusters for potentially higher sorting efficiency and throughput. This sorting technique can potentially help in achieving a better distribution of islets for clinical islet transplantation (a potential cure for type 1 diabetes). Additionally, the use of this technique for sorting islets can help in characterizing islet biophysical properties by size and selecting suitable islets for improved islet cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sethia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph Sushil Rao
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zenith Khashim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Anna Marie R Schornack
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Michael L Etheridge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Erik B Finger
- Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John C Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Cari S Dutcher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. Nano Res 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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5
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Wang G, Li C, Miao C, Li S, Qiu B, Ding W. On-Chip Label-Free Sorting of Living and Dead Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5430-5440. [PMID: 37603885 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of various cutting-edge micromachining technologies, lab on a chip is growing rapidly, but it is always a challenge to realize the on-chip separation of living cells from cell samples without affecting cell activity and function. Herein, we report a novel on-chip label-free method for sorting living and dead cells by integrating the hypertonic stimulus and tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave (T-SSAW) technologies. On a self-designed microfluidic chip, the hypertonic stimulus is used to distinguish cells by producing volume differences between living and dead cells, while T-SSAW is used to separate living and dead cells according to the cell volume difference. Under the optimized operation conditions, for the sample containing 50% of living human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and 50% of dead HUVECs treated with paraformaldehyde, the purity of living cells after the first separation can reach approximately 80%, while after the second separation, it can be as high as 93%; furthermore, the purity of living cells after separation increases with the initial proportion of living cells. In addition, the chip we designed is safe for cells and can robustly handle cell samples with different cell types or different causes of cell death. This work provides a new design of a microfluidic chip for label-free sorting of living and dead cells, greatly promoting the multi-functionality of lab on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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6
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Akh L, Jung D, Frantz W, Bowman C, Neu AC, Ding X. Microfluidic pumps for cell sorting. Biomicrofluidics 2023; 17:051502. [PMID: 37736018 PMCID: PMC10511263 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cell sorting has shown promising advantages over traditional bulky cell sorting equipment and has demonstrated wide-reaching applications in biological research and medical diagnostics. The most important characteristics of a microfluidic cell sorter are its throughput, ease of use, and integration of peripheral equipment onto the chip itself. In this review, we discuss the six most common methods for pumping fluid samples in microfluidic cell sorting devices, present their advantages and drawbacks, and discuss notable examples of their use. Syringe pumps are the most commonly used method for fluid actuation in microfluidic devices because they are easily accessible but they are typically too bulky for portable applications, and they may produce unfavorable flow characteristics. Peristaltic pumps, both on- and off-chip, can produce reversible flow but they suffer from pulsatile flow characteristics, which may not be preferable in many scenarios. Gravity-driven pumping, and similarly hydrostatic pumping, require no energy input but generally produce low throughputs. Centrifugal flow is used to sort cells on the basis of size or density but requires a large external rotor to produce centrifugal force. Electroosmotic pumping is appealing because of its compact size but the high voltages required for fluid flow may be incompatible with live cells. Emerging methods with potential for applications in cell sorting are also discussed. In the future, microfluidic cell sorting methods will trend toward highly integrated systems with high throughputs and low sample volume requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Akh
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Diane Jung
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - William Frantz
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Corrin Bowman
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Anika C. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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7
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Wang H, Boardman J, Zhang X, Sun C, Cai M, Wei J, Dong Z, Feng M, Liang D, Hu S, Qian Y, Dong S, Fu Y, Torun H, Clayton A, Wu Z, Xie Z, Yang X. An enhanced tilted-angle acoustic tweezer for mechanical phenotyping of cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341120. [PMID: 37032048 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic devices becomes one of the emerging and versatile tools for many biomedical applications. Most of the previous acoustofluidic devices are used for cells manipulation, and the few devices for cell phenotyping with a limitation in throughput. In this study, an enhanced tilted-angle (ETA) acoustofluidic device is developed and applied for mechanophenotyping of live cells. The ETA Device consists of an interdigital transducer which is positioned along a microfluidic channel. An inclination angle of 5° is introduced between the interdigital transducer and the liquid flow direction. The pressure nodes formed inside the acoustofluidic field in the channel deflect the biological cells from their original course in accordance with their mechanical properties, including volume, compressibility, and density. The threshold power for fully converging the cells to the pressure node is used to calculate the acoustic contrast factor. To demonstrate the ETA device in cell mechanophenotyping, and distinguishing between different cell types, further experimentation is carried out by using A549 (lung cancer cells), MDB-MA-231 (breast cancer cells), and leukocytes. The resulting acoustic contrast factors for the lung and breast cancer cells are different from that of the leukocytes by 27.9% and 21.5%, respectively. These results suggest this methodology can successfully distinguish and phenotype different cell types based on the acoustic contrast factor.
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8
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Xuan W, Liang Y, Huang X, Cao Z, Sun L, Dong S, Luo J. Numerical Study of Particle Separation through Integrated Multi-Stage Surface Acoustic Waves and Modulated Driving Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2771. [PMID: 36904975 PMCID: PMC10006892 DOI: 10.3390/s23052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of biomedical particles, such as separating circulating tumor cells from blood, based on standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) has been widely used due to its advantages of label-free approaches and good biocompatibility. However, most of the existing SSAW-based separation technologies are dedicated to isolate bioparticles in only two different sizes. It is still challenging to fractionate various particles in more than two different sizes with high efficiency and accuracy. In this work, to tackle the problems of low efficiency for multiple cell particle separation, integrated multi-stage SSAW devices with different wavelengths driven by modulated signals were designed and studied. A three-dimensional microfluidic device model was proposed and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). In addition, the effect of the slanted angle, acoustic pressure, and the resonant frequency of the SAW device on the particle separation were systemically studied. From the theoretical results, the separation efficiency of three different size particles based on the multi-stage SSAW devices reached 99%, which was significantly improved compared with conventional single-stage SSAW devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, College of Electronic & Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Design, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Jikui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronics Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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9
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Wu Z, Ao Z, Cai H, Li X, Chen B, Tu H, Wang Y, Lu RO, Gu M, Cheng L, Lu X, Guo F. Acoustofluidic assembly of primary tumor-derived organotypic cell clusters for rapid evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:40. [PMID: 36739414 PMCID: PMC9899402 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy shows promising potential for treating breast cancer. While patients may have heterogeneous treatment responses for adjuvant therapy, it is challenging to predict an individual patient's response to cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report primary tumor-derived organotypic cell clusters (POCCs) for rapid and reliable evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. By using a label-free, contactless, and highly biocompatible acoustofluidic method, hundreds of cell clusters could be assembled from patient primary breast tumor dissociation within 2 min. Through the incorporation of time-lapse living cell imaging, the POCCs could faithfully recapitulate the cancer-immune interaction dynamics as well as their response to checkpoint inhibitors. Superior to current tumor organoids that usually take more than two weeks to develop, the POCCs can be established and used for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy within 12 h. The POCCs can preserve the cell components from the primary tumor due to the short culture time. Moreover, the POCCs can be assembled with uniform fabricate size and cell composition and served as an open platform for manipulating cell composition and ratio under controlled treatment conditions with a short turnaround time. Thus, we provide a new method to identify potentially immunogenic breast tumors and test immunotherapy, promoting personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Honglei Tu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Computer Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Rongze Olivia Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, California, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Pulmonary Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, and the Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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10
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Huang J, Ren X, Zhou Q, Zhou J, Xu Z. Flexible acoustic lens-based surface acoustic wave device for manipulation and directional transport of micro-particles. Ultrasonics 2023; 128:106865. [PMID: 36260963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging technology that is playing increasingly important roles in biomedical and pharmaceutical research and development. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been combined with microfluidics technology to establish a SAW-based microfluidics technology that uses the unique interaction between the two techniques to manipulate substances effectively in fluids on the surface of a substrate. This paper reports a method to generate SAWs using conventional planar ultrasonic transducers and acoustic lenses. Additionally, this method is introduced to manipulate particles effectively on a substrate surface. It is demonstrated that the particle positions can be manipulated precisely in any direction on the substrate surface, thus enabling high-precision particle manipulation. We also proposed the generation of nonplanar SAWs via appropriate design of the acoustic lens and realized directional particle transport. In addition, structures to enhance forward-propagating acoustic beams are proposed. The proposed method has potential for use in microfluidics and biomedical applications, allowing tasks such as flexible cell manipulation on a chip to be performed without complex design or micromachining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junhe Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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11
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Han J, Hu H, Lei Y, Huang Q, Fu C, Gai C, Ning J. Optimization Analysis of Particle Separation Parameters for a Standing Surface Acoustic Wave Acoustofluidic Chip. ACS Omega 2023; 8:311-323. [PMID: 36643460 PMCID: PMC9835635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microparticle separation technology is an important technology in many biomedical and chemical engineering applications from sample detection to disease diagnosis. Although a variety of microparticle separation techniques have been developed thus far, surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based microfluidic separation technology shows great potential because of its high throughput, high precision, and integration with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. In this work, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic separation chip that includes a piezoelectric device that generates tilted-angle standing SAWs and a permanently bonded PDMS microchannel. We established a mathematical model of particle motion in the microchannel, simulated the particle trajectory through finite element simulation and numerical simulation, and then verified the validity of the model through acoustophoresis experiments. To improve the performance of the separation chip, the influences of particle size, flow rate, and input power on the particle deflection distance were studied. These parameters are closely related to the separation purity and separation efficiency. By optimizing the control parameters, the separation of micron and submicron particles under different throughput conditions was achieved. Moreover, the separation samples were quantitatively analyzed by digital light scattering technology and flow cytometry, and the results showed that the maximum purity of the separated particles was ∼95%, while the maximum efficiency was ∼97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Han
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Hong Hu
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Yulin Lei
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | | | - Chen Fu
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Chenhui Gai
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jia Ning
- School
of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
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12
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Sutlive J, Wu K, Mao L, Nie J, Zhao XZ, Guo F, Chen Z, Huang Q. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis targeting fetal nucleated red blood cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:546. [PMID: 36585678 PMCID: PMC9805221 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) aims to detect fetal-related genetic disorders before birth by detecting markers in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, holding the potential in reducing the risk of fetal birth defects. Fetal-nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) can be used as biomarkers for NIPD, given their remarkable nature of carrying the entire genetic information of the fetus. Here, we review recent advances in NIPD technologies based on the isolation and analysis of fNRBCs. Conventional cell separation methods rely primarily on physical properties and surface antigens of fNRBCs, such as density gradient centrifugation, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Due to the limitations of sensitivity and purity in Conventional methods, separation techniques based on micro-/nanomaterials have been developed as novel methods for isolating and enriching fNRBCs. We also discuss emerging methods based on microfluidic chips and nanostructured substrates for static and dynamic isolation of fNRBCs. Additionally, we introduce the identification techniques of fNRBCs and address the potential clinical diagnostic values of fNRBCs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and the future directions of fNRBCs as treatment guidelines in NIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Joseph Sutlive
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ke Wu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Department of Biological Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qinqin Huang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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13
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Wubshet NH, Liu AP. Methods to mechanically perturb and characterize GUV-based minimal cell models. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:550-562. [PMID: 36659916 PMCID: PMC9816913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells shield organelles and the cytosol via an active boundary predominantly made of phospholipids and membrane proteins, yet allowing communication between the intracellular and extracellular environment. Micron-sized liposome compartments commonly known as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are used to model the cell membrane and encapsulate biological materials and processes in a cell-like confinement. In the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, many have utilized GUVs as substrates to study various biological processes such as protein-lipid interactions, cytoskeletal assembly, and dynamics of protein synthesis. Like cells, it is ideal that GUVs are also mechanically durable and able to stay intact when the inner and outer environment changes. As a result, studies have demonstrated approaches to tune the mechanical properties of GUVs by modulating membrane composition and lumenal material property. In this context, there have been many different methods developed to test the mechanical properties of GUVs. In this review, we will survey various perturbation techniques employed to mechanically characterize GUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadab H. Wubshet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Yang N, Li T, Dong S, Zhang S, Jia Y, Mao H, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Pan X, Zhang X, Dong Z. Detection of airborne pathogens with single photon counting and a real-time spectrometer on microfluidics. Lab Chip 2022; 22:4995-5007. [PMID: 36440701 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The common practice for monitoring pathogenic bioaerosols is to collect bioaerosols from air and then detect them, which lacks timeliness and accuracy. In order to improve the detection speed, here we demonstrate an innovative airflow-based optical detection method for directly identifying aerosol pathogens, and built a microfluidic-based counter composite spectrometer detection platform, which simplifies sample preparation and collection detection from two steps to one step. The method is based on principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis for particle species identification and dynamic transmission spectroscopy analysis, and single-photon measurement is used for particle counting. Compared with traditional microscopic counting and identification methods, the particle counting accuracy is high, the standard deviation is small, and the counting accuracy exceeds 92.2%. The setup of dynamic transmission spectroscopy analysis provides high-precision real-time particle identification with an accuracy rate of 93.75%. As the system is further refined, we also foresee potential applications of this method in agricultural disease control, environmental control, and infectious disease control in aerosol pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Sizhe Dong
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Suliang Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology - ECE, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Fu Zhang
- College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Zining Dong
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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15
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Philpott DN, Chen K, Atwal RS, Li D, Christie J, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Ultrathroughput immunomagnetic cell sorting platform. Lab Chip 2022; 22:4822-4830. [PMID: 36382608 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput phenotypic cell sorting is critical to the development of cell-based therapies and cell screening discovery platforms. However, current cytometry platforms are limited by throughput, number of fractionated populations that can be isolated, cell viability, and cost. We present an ultrathroughput microfluidic cell sorter capable of processing hundreds of millions of live cells per hour per device based on protein expression. This device, a next-generation microfluidic cell sorter (NG-MICS), combines multiple technologies, including 3D printing, reversible clamp sealing, and superhydrophobic treatments to create a reusable and user-friendly platform ready for deployment. The utility of such a platform is demonstrated through the rapid isolation of mature natural killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for use in CAR-NK therapies at clinically-relevant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Philpott
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randy S Atwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Derek Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Christie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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16
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Ma S, Yang L, Zuo Q, Huang Q. GPI-anchored glutathione S-transferase as marker allows affinity sorting of transfection-positive cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1016090. [PMID: 36250010 PMCID: PMC9558730 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transfection efficiency is still a limiting factor in gene function research. A method that allows isolation and enrichment of the transfection-positive cells is an effective solution. Here, we report a transfection-positive cell sorting system that utilizes GPI-anchored GST (Glutathione S-transferase) as a plasmid marker. The Glutathione S-transferase fusion protein will be expressed and displayed on the cell surface through GPI anchor, and hence permits the positive cells to be isolated using Glutathione (GSH) Magnetic Beads. We prove that the system works efficiently in both the adherent Lenti-X 293T cells and the suspension K-562 cells. The affinity cell sorting procedure efficiently enriched positive cells from 20% to 98% in K-562 cells. The applications in gene knockdown and overexpression experiments in K-562 cells dramatically enhanced the extent of gene alteration, with the gene knockdown efficiency increasing from 7% to 60% and the gene overexpression level rising from 47 to 253 times. This Glutathione S-transferase affinity transfection-positive cell sorting method is simple and fast to operate, large-instrument free, low cost, and hence possesses great potential in gene function study in vitro.
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17
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Song S, Wang Q, Zhou J, Riaud A. Design of interdigitated transducers for acoustofluidic applications. Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0013405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Interdigitated transducers (IDTs) were originally designed as delay lines for radars. Half a century later, they have found new life as actuators for microfluidic systems. By generating strong acoustic fields, they trigger nonlinear effects that enable pumping and mixing of fluids, and moving particles without contact. However, the transition from signal processing to actuators comes with a range of challenges concerning power density and spatial resolution that have spurred exciting developments in solid-state acoustics and especially in IDT design. Assuming some familiarity with acoustofluidics, this paper aims to provide a tutorial for IDT design and characterization for the purpose of acoustofluidic actuation. It is targeted at a diverse audience of researchers in various fields, including fluid mechanics, acoustics, and microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Song
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antoine Riaud
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has also served to go beyond single-cell studies, namely by considering the interactions between different cells or between cells and their physical or chemical environment. These studies pose specific challenges linked to the need for long-term culture of adherent cells or the diverse types of measurements associated with complex biological phenomena. Here we review the emergence of droplet microfluidic methods for culturing cells and studying their interactions. We begin by characterizing the quantitative aspects that determine the ability to encapsulate cells, transport molecules, and provide sufficient nutrients within the droplets. This is followed by an evaluation of the biological constraints such as the control of the biochemical environment and promoting the anchorage of adherent cells. This first part ends with a description of measurement methods that have been developed. The second part of the manuscript focuses on applications of these technologies for cancer studies, immunology, and stem cells while paying special attention to the biological relevance of the cellular assays and providing guidelines on improving this relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gustave Ronteix
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shreyansh Jain
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France.,Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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19
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Yang Y, Pang W, Zhang H, Cui W, Jin K, Sun C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ren X, Duan X. Manipulation of single cells via a Stereo Acoustic Streaming Tunnel (SteAST). Microsyst Nanoeng 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 35935274 PMCID: PMC9352906 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the single-cell level, cellular parameters, gene expression and cellular function are assayed on an individual but not population-average basis. Essential to observing and analyzing the heterogeneity and behavior of these cells/clusters is the ability to prepare and manipulate individuals. Here, we demonstrate a versatile microsystem, a stereo acoustic streaming tunnel, which is triggered by ultrahigh-frequency bulk acoustic waves and highly confined by a microchannel. We thoroughly analyze the generation and features of stereo acoustic streaming to develop a virtual tunnel for observation, pretreatment and analysis of cells for different single-cell applications. 3D reconstruction, dissociation of clusters, selective trapping/release, in situ analysis and pairing of single cells with barcode gel beads were demonstrated. To further verify the reliability and robustness of this technology in complex biosamples, the separation of circulating tumor cells from undiluted blood based on properties of both physics and immunity was achieved. With the rich selection of handling modes, the platform has the potential to be a full-process microsystem, from pretreatment to analysis, and used in numerous fields, such as in vitro diagnosis, high-throughput single-cell sequencing and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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20
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Zhong R, Yang S, Ugolini GS, Naquin T, Zhang J, Yang K, Xia J, Konry T, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Droplet Sorter Based on Single Phase Focused Transducers. Small 2021; 17:e2103848. [PMID: 34658129 PMCID: PMC8686687 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics has revolutionized the biomedical and drug development fields by allowing for independent microenvironments to conduct drug screening at the single cell level. However, current microfluidic sorting devices suffer from drawbacks such as high voltage requirements (e.g., >200 Vpp), low biocompatibility, and/or low throughput. In this article, a single-phase focused transducer (SPFT)-based acoustofluidic chip is introduced, which outperforms many microfluidic droplet sorting devices through high energy transmission efficiency, high accuracy, and high biocompatibility. The SPFT-based sorter can be driven with an input power lower than 20 Vpp and maintain a postsorting cell viability of 93.5%. The SPFT sorter can achieve a throughput over 1000 events per second and a sorting purity up to 99.2%. The SPFT sorter is utilized here for the screening of doxorubicin cytotoxicity on cancer and noncancer cells, proving its drug screening capability. Overall, the SPFT droplet sorting device shows great potential for fast, precise, and biocompatible drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Giovanni Stefano Ugolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Ty Naquin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tania Konry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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21
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Vargas-Ordaz EJ, Gorelick S, York HM, Liu B, Halls ML, Arumugam S, Neild A, de Marco A, Cadarso VJ. Three-dimensional imaging on a chip using optofluidics light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Lab Chip 2021; 21:2945-2954. [PMID: 34124739 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric, sub-micron to micron level resolution imaging is necessary to assay phenotypes or characteristics at the sub-cellular/organelle scale. However, three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of cells is typically low throughput or compromises on the achievable resolution in space and time. Here, we capitalise on the flow control capabilities of microfluidics and combine it with microoptics to integrate light-sheet based imaging directly into a microfluidic chip. Our optofluidic system flows suspended cells through a sub-micrometer thick light-sheet formed using micro-optical components that are cast directly in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This design ensures accurate alignment, drift-free operation, and easy integration with conventional microfluidics, while providing sufficient spatial resolution, optical sectioning and volumetric data acquisition. We demonstrate imaging rates of 120 ms per cell at sub-μm resolution, that allow extraction of complex cellular phenotypes, exemplified by imaging of cell clusters, receptor distribution, and the analysis of endosomal size changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick J Vargas-Ordaz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. and Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance - Sustainable Solutions, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sergey Gorelick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harrison M York
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Alex de Marco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. and Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance - Sustainable Solutions, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia and The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node - Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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22
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Zhukov AA, Pritchard RH, Withers MJ, Hailes T, Gold RD, Hayes C, la Cour MF, Hussein F, Rogers SS. Extremely High-Throughput Parallel Microfluidic Vortex-Actuated Cell Sorting. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:389. [PMID: 33918161 PMCID: PMC8066247 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate extremely high-throughput microfluidic cell sorting by making a parallel version of the vortex-actuated cell sorter (VACS). The set-up includes a parallel microfluidic sorter chip and parallel cytometry instrumentation: optics, electronics and control software. The result is capable of sorting lymphocyte-sized particles at 16 times the rate of our single-stream VACS devices, and approximately 10 times the rate of commercial cell sorters for an equivalent procedure. We believe this opens the potential to scale cell sorting for applications requiring the processing of much greater cell numbers than currently possible with conventional cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Zhukov
- Cellular Highways Ltd., Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK;
| | - Robyn H. Pritchard
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Mick J. Withers
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Tony Hailes
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Richard D. Gold
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Calum Hayes
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Mette F. la Cour
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Fred Hussein
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Salman Samson Rogers
- Cellular Highways Ltd., Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK;
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23
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Abstract
Biophysical markers of cells such as cellular electrical and mechanical properties have been proven as promising label-free biomarkers for studying, characterizing, and classifying different cell types and even their subpopulations. Further analysis or manipulation of specific cell types or subtypes requires accurate isolation of them from the original heterogeneous samples. However, there is currently a lack of cell sorting ability that could actively separate a large number of individual cells at the single-cell level based on their multivariate biophysical makers or phenotypes. In this work, we, for the first time, demonstrate label-free and high-throughput acoustic single-cell sorting activated by the characterization of multivariate biophysical phenotypes. Electrical phenotyping is implemented by single-cell electrical impedance characterization with two pairs of differential sensing electrodes, while mechanical phenotyping is performed by extracting the transit time for the single cell to pass through microconstriction from the recorded impedance signals. A real-time impedance signal processing and triggering algorithm has been developed to identify the target sample population and activate a pulsed highly focused surface acoustic wave for single-cell level sorting. We have demonstrated acoustic single-particle sorting solely based on electrical or mechanical phenotyping. Furthermore, we have applied the developed microfluidic system to sort live MCF-7 cells from a mixture of fixed and live MCF-7 population activated by a combined electrical and mechanical phenotyping at a high throughput >100 cells/s and purity ∼91.8%. This demonstrated ability to analyze and sort cells based on multivariate biophysical phenotyping provides a solution to the current challenges of cell purification that lack specific molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Li
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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24
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Pei Z, Ma Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Song F, Wu X. Optimal design of a driver of interdigital transducers used to generate standing surface acoustic waves for cell sorting. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:034705. [PMID: 33820111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A compact driver based on current feedback amplifiers is designed to drive interdigital transducers (IDTs) that generate standing surface acoustic waves for cell sorting. Compared with commercial RF amplifiers, this driver can be used to drive a wider range of loads without impedance matching. Furthermore, the driver works in a switch mode triggered by target cells, which significantly reduces power consumption in the system. A Butterworth-Van Dyke equivalent circuit was fabricated to study the electrical characteristics of the IDTs, and the driver was designed and optimized by circuit simulations. A cell sorter was constructed and tested experimentally to demonstrate that the driver meets sorting requirements. The driver allows the cell sorter to extract rare cells while otherwise consuming low power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Pei
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Ce Wang
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunliang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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25
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Dalili A, Sattati A, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Sheath-assisted focusing of microparticles on lab-on-a-chip platforms. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2188-2196. [PMID: 33043482 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies can take advantage of sheath flows for particle/cell focusing before sensing or sorting. The integration of focusing with other microscale manipulation techniques (e.g., sorting) creates a trade-off between the throughput of the device and its performance. Therefore, exploring the effective parameters for cells/particles focusing enables us to improve the desired output of LOC devices. A common configuration for sheath-assisted focusing is Y junctions, which are parametrically studied in this paper. First, a computational model was developed and validated by comparing it with our experimental results. Using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling, the effects of multiple parameters were studied. These parameters include the sheath flow ratio (sheath flow over total flow), width ratio (width of the sheath inlet over the total width), junction angles, and particle size on the focusing width and the distribution of the particles within the focusing region. Then, the numerical data were used to develop two generalized linear models to predict the focusing width of the particles and the standard deviation of the position of the particles. The results showed that the focusing width is greatly impacted by the sheath flow rate ratio. Further, the standard deviation of the position of the particles, which represents the concentration of the particles, is mostly dependent on the flow rate ratio, width ratio, and particle size. Our results provide a better understanding of how the device geometrical and operational factors affect the position of the particles in the development of high-performance on-chip sensing and sorting of both cells and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amirmohammad Sattati
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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26
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Gao Y, Wu M, Lin Y, Xu J. Acoustic Microfluidic Separation Techniques and Bioapplications: A Review. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E921. [PMID: 33023173 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic separation technology has garnered significant attention over the past decade where particles are being separated at a micro/nanoscale in a rapid, low-cost, and simple manner. Amongst a myriad of separation technologies that have emerged thus far, acoustic microfluidic separation techniques are extremely apt to applications involving biological samples attributed to various advantages, including high controllability, biocompatibility, and non-invasive, label-free features. With that being said, downsides such as low throughput and dependence on external equipment still impede successful commercialization from laboratory-based prototypes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in acoustic microfluidic separation techniques, along with exemplary applications. Specifically, an inclusive overview of fundamental theory and background is presented, then two sets of mechanisms underlying acoustic separation, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave, are introduced and discussed. Upon these summaries, we present a variety of applications based on acoustic separation. The primary focus is given to those associated with biological samples such as blood cells, cancer cells, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA/RNA. Finally, we highlight the benefits and challenges behind burgeoning developments in the field and discuss the future perspectives and an outlook towards robust, integrated, and commercialized devices based on acoustic microfluidic separation.
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27
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Lee K, Lee J, Ha D, Kim M, Kim T. Low-electric-potential-assisted diffusiophoresis for continuous separation of nanoparticles on a chip. Lab Chip 2020; 20:2735-2747. [PMID: 32596703 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle separation techniques are of significant importance in nanoscience and nanotechnological applications and different concentration gradients, electric/dielectric forces, flow/pressure fields, and acoustic waves have been intensively investigated. However, precise separation of nanoparticles has many technical challenges in terms of sizes, shapes, and material properties, limiting the separation resolution, capability, applicability, throughput and so on. In this study, we present a microfluidic device for continuous separation of nanoparticles by combining diffusiophoresis (DP) and electrophoresis (EP) to achieve high separation performance. Concentration gradients formed from sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium acetate (K-acetate) passively drive the diffusiophoretic migration of nanoparticles. Simultaneously, a low electric potential is additionally applied to impose a synergistic effect on nanoparticle migration by size and surface charge, which is called low-electric-potential-assisted DP (LEPDP). Using a LEPDP-based separation device, we demonstrate the separation of nanoparticles having different sizes (diameters of 500, 200, and 50 nm) and under different surface-charge conditions (carboxylated polystyrene, silica, and polylactide). The resulting separation performance exceeded 95%, in terms of size uniformity, which is about two times better than that obtained using DP alone. We also emphasize that the enhancement of separation performance only needs a small voltage (<1 V), thereby demonstrating that our multiphysical approach could be utilized for high-resolution and portable nanoparticle separation on a chip without the side effects associated with high electric fields. Lastly, we ensure that rapid and precise bio/chemical sensing and analysis of various nanosized particles would be envisioned by strategically combining two nonlinear but synergistic migration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Qin X, Nair S, Huang X, Liu Y. Label-free detection of rare circulating tumor cells by image analysis and machine learning. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12226. [PMID: 32699281 PMCID: PMC7376046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and characterization of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients' blood is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. The traditional way of counting CTCs via fluorescent images requires a series of tedious experimental procedures and often impacts the viability of cells. Here we present a method for label-free detection of CTCs from patient blood samples, by taking advantage of data analysis of bright field microscopy images. The approach uses the convolutional neural network, a powerful image classification and machine learning algorithm to perform label-free classification of cells detected in microscopic images of patient blood samples containing white blood cells and CTCs. It requires minimal data pre-processing and has an easy experimental setup. Through our experiments, we show that our method can achieve high accuracy on the identification of rare CTCs without the need for advanced devices or expert users, thus providing a faster and simpler way for counting and identifying CTCs. With more data becoming available in the future, the machine learning model can be further improved and can serve as an accurate and easy-to-use tool for CTC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Suresh Nair
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Lehigh Valley Cancer Institute, Allentown, PA, 18103, USA
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- College of Information Sciences and Technology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
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29
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Wong KS, Lim WTH, Ooi CW, Yeo LY, Tan MK. In situ generation of plasma-activated aerosols via surface acoustic wave nebulization for portable spray-based surface bacterial inactivation. Lab Chip 2020; 20:1856-1868. [PMID: 32342089 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of reactive species in plasma-activated water is known to induce oxidative stresses in bacterial species, which can result in their inactivation. By integrating a microfludic chipscale nebulizer driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with a low-temperature atmospheric plasma source, we demonstrate an efficient technique for in situ production and application of plasma-activated aerosols for surface disinfection. Unlike bulk conventional systems wherein the water is separately batch-treated within a container, we show in this work the first demonstration of continuous plasma-treatment of water as it is transported through a paper strip from a reservoir onto the chipscale SAW device. The significantly larger surface area to volume ratio of the water within the paper strip leads to a significant reduction in the duration of the plasma-treatment, while maintaining the concentration of the reactive species. The subsequent nebulization of the plasma-activated water by the SAW then allows the generation of plasma-activated aerosols, which can be directly sprayed onto the contaminated surface, therefore eliminating the storage of the plasma-activated water and hence circumventing the typical limitation in conventional systems wherein the concentration of the reactive species diminishes over time during storage, resulting in a reduction in the efficacy of bacterial inactivation. In particular, we show up to 96% reduction in Escherichia coli colonies through direct spraying with the plasma-activated aerosols. This novel, low-cost, portable and energy-efficient hybrid system necessitates only minimal maintenance as it only requires the supply of tap water and battery power for operation, and is thus suitable for decontamination in home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiing S Wong
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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30
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Li LQ, Jia K, Wu EY, Zhu YJ, Yang KJ. Design of acoustofluidic device for localized trapping. Biomicrofluidics 2020; 14:034107. [PMID: 32477446 PMCID: PMC7244329 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
State of the art acoustofluidics typically treat micro-particles in a multi-wavelength range due to the scale limitations of the established ultrasound field. Here, we report a spatial selective acoustofluidic device that allows trapping micro-particles and cells in a wavelength scale. A pair of interdigital transducers with a concentric-arc shape is used to compress the beam width, while pulsed actuation is adopted to localize the acoustic radiation force in the wave propagating direction. Unlike the traditional usage of geometrical focus, the proposed device is designed by properly superposing the convergent section of two focused surface acoustic waves. We successfully demonstrate a single-column alignment of 15-μm polystyrene particles and double-column alignment of 8-μm T cells in a wavelength scale. Through proof-of-concept experiments, the proposed acoustofluidic device shows potential applications in on-chip biological and chemical analyses, where localized handing is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 West Xianning Road, 710049 Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Er-yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-jian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke-ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Cohen S, Sazan H, Kenigsberg A, Schori H, Piperno S, Shpaisman H, Shefi O. Large-scale acoustic-driven neuronal patterning and directed outgrowth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4932. [PMID: 32188875 PMCID: PMC7080736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic manipulation is an emerging non-invasive method enabling precise spatial control of cells in their native environment. Applying this method for organizing neurons is invaluable for neural tissue engineering applications. Here, we used surface and bulk standing acoustic waves for large-scale patterning of Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons and PC12 cells forming neuronal cluster networks, organized biomimetically. We showed that by changing parameters such as voltage intensity or cell concentration we were able to affect cluster properties. We examined the effects of acoustic arrangement on cells atop 3D hydrogels for up to 6 days and showed that assembled cells spontaneously grew branches in a directed manner towards adjacent clusters, infiltrating the matrix. These findings have great relevance for tissue engineering applications as well as for mimicking architectures and properties of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cohen
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Haim Sazan
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Avraham Kenigsberg
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadas Schori
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Silvia Piperno
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hagay Shpaisman
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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32
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Li P, Liang M, Lu X, Chow JJM, Ramachandra CJA, Ai Y. Sheathless Acoustic Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (aFACS) with High Cell Viability. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15425-15435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Li
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Minhui Liang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joycelyn Jia Ming Chow
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Chrishan J. A. Ramachandra
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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33
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Zheng T, Liu Y, Xu C, Lu H, Wang C. Focusing surface acoustic waves assisted electrochemical detector in microfluidics. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:860-866. [PMID: 31650576 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article demonstrates a novel electrochemical detection device. The device is composed by two focusing interdigital transducers for exciting focused surface acoustic waves by applying an AC signal, a three-electrode system for electrochemical measurement, and a liquid pool for holding liquid on a LiNbO3 wafer. The amperometry current of ferrocenecarboxylic acid and potassium phosphate buffer solution is used to characterize the detection sensitivity. Two experiments are carried out to optimize the device design. The result shows that the two focusing interdigital transducers with arc degree 30° and distance 5 mm can remarkably enhance the liquid mixing rate. Under this condition, the oxidation current is about 27 times larger than that without surface acoustic wave stirring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chaoping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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34
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Iino T, Okano K, Lee SW, Yamakawa T, Hagihara H, Hong ZY, Maeno T, Kasai Y, Sakuma S, Hayakawa T, Arai F, Ozeki Y, Goda K, Hosokawa Y. High-speed microparticle isolation unlimited by Poisson statistics. Lab Chip 2019; 19:2669-2677. [PMID: 31332412 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-speed isolation of microparticles (e.g., microplastics, heavy metal particles, microbes, cells) from heterogeneous populations is the key element of high-throughput sorting instruments for chemical, biological, industrial and medical applications. Unfortunately, the performance of continuous microparticle isolation or so-called sorting is fundamentally limited by the trade-off between throughput, purity, and yield. For example, at a given throughput, high-purity sorting needs to sacrifice yield, or vice versa. This is due to Poisson statistics of events (i.e., microparticles, microparticle clusters, microparticle debris) in which the interval between successive events is stochastic and can be very short. Here we demonstrate an on-chip microparticle sorter with an ultrashort switching window in both time (10 μs) and space (10 μm) at a high flow speed of 1 m s-1, thereby overcoming the Poisson trade-off. This is made possible by using femtosecond laser pulses that can produce highly localized transient cavitation bubbles in a microchannel to kick target microparticles from an acoustically focused, densely aligned, bumper-to-bumper stream of microparticles. Our method is important for rare-microparticle sorting applications where both high purity and high yield are required to avoid missing rare microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamakawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hagihara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Zhen-Yi Hong
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Takanori Maeno
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kasai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakuma
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayakawa
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan and Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan and Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
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35
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Pritchard RH, Zhukov AA, Fullerton JN, Want AJ, Hussain F, la Cour MF, Bashtanov ME, Gold RD, Hailes A, Banham-Hall E, Rogers SS. Cell sorting actuated by a microfluidic inertial vortex. Lab Chip 2019; 19:2456-2465. [PMID: 31210196 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sorting of specific cell populations is an established tool in biological research, with new applications demanding greater cell throughput, sterility and elimination of cross-contamination. Here we report 'vortex-actuated cell sorting' (VACS), a new technique that deflects cells individually, via the generation of a transient microfluidic vortex by a thermal vapour bubble: a novel mechanism, which is able to sort cells based on fluorescently-labelled molecular markers. Using in silico simulation and experiments on beads, an immortal cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we demonstrate high-purity and high-recovery sorting with input rates up to 104 cells per s and switching speeds comparable to existing techniques (>40 kHz). A tiny footprint (1 × 0.25 mm) affords miniaturization and the potential to achieve multiplexing: a crucial step in increasing processing rate. Simple construction using biocompatible materials potentially minimizes cost of fabrication and permits single-use sterile cartridges. We believe VACS potentially enables parallel sorting at throughputs relevant to cell therapy, liquid biopsy and phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn H Pritchard
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK.
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36
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Li P, Ma Z, Zhou Y, Collins DJ, Wang Z, Ai Y. Detachable Acoustophoretic System for Fluorescence-Activated Sorting at the Single-Droplet Level. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9970-9977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Li
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - David J. Collins
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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Wu M, Ozcelik A, Rufo J, Wang Z, Fang R, Jun Huang T. Acoustofluidic separation of cells and particles. Microsyst Nanoeng 2019; 5:32. [PMID: 31231539 PMCID: PMC6545324 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, the integration of acoustics and microfluidics, is a rapidly growing research field that is addressing challenges in biology, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and physics. In particular, acoustofluidic separation of biological targets from complex fluids has proven to be a powerful tool due to the label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature of the technology. By carefully designing and tuning the applied acoustic field, cells and other bioparticles can be isolated with high yield, purity, and biocompatibility. Recent advances in acoustofluidics, such as the development of automated, point-of-care devices for isolating sub-micron bioparticles, address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. More importantly, advances in the research lab are quickly being adopted to solve clinical problems. In this review article, we discuss working principles of acoustofluidic separation, compare different approaches of acoustofluidic separation, and provide a synopsis of how it is being applied in both traditional applications, such as blood component separation, cell washing, and fluorescence activated cell sorting, as well as emerging applications, including circulating tumor cell and exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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Wu Z, Cai H, Ao Z, Nunez A, Liu H, Bondesson M, Guo S, Guo F. A Digital Acoustofluidic Pump Powered by Localized Fluid-Substrate Interactions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7097-7103. [PMID: 31083981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The precise transportation of small-volume liquids in microfluidic and nanofluidic systems remains a challenge for many applications, such as clinical fluidical analysis. Here, we present a reliable digital pump that utilizes acoustic streaming induced by localized fluid-substrate interactions. By locally generating streaming via a C-shaped interdigital transducer (IDT) within a triangle-edged microchannel, our acoustofluidic pump can generate a stable unidirectional flow (∼nanoliter per second flow rate) with a precise digital regulation (∼second response time), and it is capable of handling aqueous solutions (e.g., PBS buffer) as well as high viscosity liquids (e.g., human blood) with a nanoliter-scale volume. Along with our acoustofluidic pump's low cost, programmability, and capacity to control small-volumes at high precision, it could be widely used for point-of-care diagnostics, precise drug delivery, and fundamental biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China.,Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Asael Nunez
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Maria Bondesson
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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Ozawa R, Iwadate H, Toyoda H, Yamada M, Seki M. A numbering-up strategy of hydrodynamic microfluidic filters for continuous-flow high-throughput cell sorting. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1828-1837. [PMID: 30998230 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Even though a number of microfluidic systems for particle/cell sorting have been proposed, facile and versatile platforms that provide sufficient sorting throughput and good operability are still under development. Here we present a simple but effective numbering-up strategy to dramatically increase the throughput of a continuous-flow particle/cell sorting scheme based on hydrodynamic filtration (HDF). A microfluidic channel equipped with multiple branches has been employed as a unit structure for size-based filtration, which realizes precise sorting without necessitating sheath flows. According to the concept of resistive circuit models, we designed and fabricated microdevices incorporating 64 or 128 closely assembled, multiplied units with a separation size of 5.0/7.0 μm. In proof-of-concept experiments, we successfully separated single micrometer-sized model particles and directly separated blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) from blood samples. Additionally, we further increased the unit numbers by laminating multiple layers at a processing speed of up to 15 mL min-1. The presented numbering-up strategy would provide a valuable insight that is universally applicable to general microfluidic particle/cell sorters and may facilitate the actual use of microfluidic systems in biological studies and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoken Ozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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Abstract
Acoustic cytometry uses radiation pressure forces instead of or in addition to hydrodynamic focusing to position cells or particles in a flowing stream for analysis. Commercial implementations to date combine both hydrodynamic and acoustic focusing together to enable high precision analysis of a broad dynamic range of volumetric sample input rates up to an order of magnitude higher than is practical with hydrodynamic focus alone. This capability allows great flexibility in reducing assay time or modifying or eliminating concentration requirements or concentration steps in sample preparation protocols. It also provides a practical method for processing sub-microliter volumes using sample dilution. In order to take full advantage of this dynamic range, it is necessary to understand the fundamental benefits and limitations of acoustic focusing as applied to flow cytometry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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42
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Zhao L, Zhao M, Yang Y, Gu Y, Zheng F, Wang X, Zheng Z, Sun X. Label-free microfluidic chip for the identification of mesothelial cell clusters in pleural effusion. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4532-4544. [PMID: 30944642 PMCID: PMC6444474 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of tumor cells and clusters in pleural effusion assists in the diagnosis of lung cancer. The proportion of tumor cells and clusters to the total number of cells in each patient varies substantially due to individual differences and the severity of the disease. The identification of one tumor cell or cluster from a large number of pleural effusions is the main challenge for hydrothorax tumor cell detection techniques. In the present study, by using A549 lung cancer and Met-5A mesothelial cell lines, a label-free microfluidic chip based on cell cluster size was designed. By setting the parameters of the chip, individual cells and clusters were able to enter different microfluidic channels. Subsequent to non-specific staining, the recovered components were stained using acridine orange (AO). A charge-coupled device camera was used to captured images of the cell, and the features of these cells were analyzed in their R and G channels using Matlab software to establish the characteristics and finally differentiate between the tumor and non-tumor cell or clusters. According to the results, when inlet A and B were under a velocity of 10 and 8.5 ml/h, respectively, the tumor cell clusters were successfully collected through microfluidic channels III–V, with a recovery rate of ~80%. Subsequent to staining with AO, the feature values in the R and G channels were identified, and initial differentiation was achieved. The present study combined the microfluidic chip, which is based on cluster size, with a computer identification method for pleural effusion. The successful differentiation of tumor cell clusters from non-tumor clusters provides the basis for the identification of tumor clusters in hydrothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Gu
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Bone Science, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xuguo Sun
- Department of Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine O. Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shwathy R. Ramesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Huy D. Dang
- Invetech Pty. Ltd., Mount Waverley, Victoria 3149, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Chen K, Sui C, Wu Y, Ao Z, Guo SS, Guo F. A digital acoustofluidic device for on-demand and oil-free droplet generation. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:084001. [PMID: 30523921 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf3fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a digital acoustofluidic device for on-demand and oil-free droplet generation. By applying a programmed radio frequency signal to a circular interdigital transducer, the dynamic focused acoustic pressure profiles generated rise up and dispense sample liquids from a reservoir to dynamically eject the droplets into the air. Our device allows droplets to be dispensed on demand with precisely controlled generation time and sequence, and accurate droplet volume. Moreover, we also demonstrate the generation of a droplet with a volume of 24 pL within 10 ms, as well as the encapsulation of a single cell into droplets. This acoustofluidic droplet generation technique is simple, biocompatible, and enables the on-demand droplet generation and encapsulation of many different biological materials with precise control, which is promising for single cell sampling and analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Ota N, Yalikun Y, Suzuki T, Lee SW, Hosokawa Y, Goda K, Tanaka Y. Enhancement in acoustic focusing of micro and nanoparticles by thinning a microfluidic device. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:181776. [PMID: 30891287 PMCID: PMC6408367 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of micro/nanoparticles has become increasingly important in biological and industrial fields. As a non-contact method for particle manipulation, acoustic focusing has been applied in sorting, enrichment and analysis of particles with microfluidic devices. Although the frequency and amplitude of acoustic waves and the dimensions of microchannels have been recognized as important parameters for acoustic focusing, the thickness of microfluidic devices has not been considered so far. Here, we report that thin glass microfluidic devices enhance acoustic focusing of micro/nanoparticles. It was found that the thickness of a microfluidic device strongly influences its ability to focus particles via acoustic radiation, because the energy propagation of acoustic waves is affected by the total mass of the device. Acoustic focusing of submicrometre polystyrene beads and Escherichia coli as well as enrichment of polystyrene beads were achieved in glass microfluidic devices as thin as 0.4 mm. Modifying the thickness of a microfluidic device can thus serve as a critical parameter for acoustic focusing when conventional parameters to achieve this effect are kept unchanged. Thus, our findings enable new approaches to the design of novel microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Author for correspondence: Yo Tanaka e-mail:
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Sazan H, Piperno S, Layani M, Magdassi S, Shpaisman H. Directed assembly of nanoparticles into continuous microstructures by standing surface acoustic waves. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:701-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hsu JC, Hsu CH, Huang YW. Acoustophoretic Control of Microparticle Transport Using Dual-Wavelength Surface Acoustic Wave Devices. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E52. [PMID: 30642118 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical and experimental study of acoustophoretic manipulation in a microfluidic channel using dual-wavelength standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) to transport microparticles into different outlets. The SSAW fields were excited by interdigital transducers (IDTs) composed of two different pitches connected in parallel and series on a lithium niobate substrate such that it yielded spatially superimposed and separated dual-wavelength SSAWs, respectively. SSAWs of a singltablee target wavelength can be efficiently excited by giving an RF voltage of frequency determined by the ratio of the velocity of the SAW to the target IDT pitch (i.e., f = cSAW/p). However, the two-pitch IDTs with similar pitches excite, less efficiently, non-target SSAWs with the wavelength associated with the non-target pitch in addition to target SSAWs by giving the target single-frequency RF voltage. As a result, dual-wavelength SSAWs can be formed. Simulated results revealed variations of acoustic pressure fields induced by the dual-wavelength SSAWs and corresponding influences on the particle motion. The acoustic radiation force in the acoustic pressure field was calculated to pinpoint zero-force positions and simulate particle motion trajectories. Then, dual-wavelength SSAW acoustofluidic devices were fabricated in accordance with the simulation results to experimentally demonstrate switching of SSAW fields as a means of transporting particles. The effects of non-target SSAWs on pre-actuating particles were predicted and observed. The study provides the design considerations needed for the fabrication of acoustofluidic devices with IDT-excited multi-wavelength SSAWs for acoustophoresis of microparticles.
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Abstract
Acoustics has a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from noise cancelation to ultrasonic imaging. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing acoustic-based methods for biological and biomedical applications. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in applying acoustofluidic methods (i.e., the fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) to bioanalytical chemistry. We describe the concepts of acoustofluidics and how it can be tailored to different types of bioanalytical applications, including sample concentration, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, label-free cell/particle separation, and fluid manipulation. Examples of each application are given, and the benefits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Finally, our perspectives on the directions that developing solutions should take to address the bottlenecks in the acoustofluidic applications in bioanalytical chemistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Carey TR, Cotner KL, Li B, Sohn LL. Developments in label-free microfluidic methods for single-cell analysis and sorting. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2019; 11:e1529. [PMID: 29687965 PMCID: PMC6200655 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in microfluidic technologies have led to the development of many new tools for both the characterization and sorting of single cells without the need for exogenous labels. Label-free microfluidics reduce the preparation time, reagents needed, and cost of conventional methods based on fluorescent or magnetic labels. Furthermore, these devices enable analysis of cell properties such as mechanical phenotype and dielectric parameters that cannot be characterized with traditional labels. Some of the most promising technologies for current and future development toward label-free, single-cell analysis and sorting include electronic sensors such as Coulter counters and electrical impedance cytometry; deformation analysis using optical traps and deformation cytometry; hydrodynamic sorting such as deterministic lateral displacement, inertial focusing, and microvortex trapping; and acoustic sorting using traveling or standing surface acoustic waves. These label-free microfluidic methods have been used to screen, sort, and analyze cells for a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications, including cell cycle monitoring, rapid complete blood counts, cancer diagnosis, metastatic progression monitoring, HIV and parasite detection, circulating tumor cell isolation, and point-of-care diagnostics. Because of the versatility of label-free methods for characterization and sorting, the low-cost nature of microfluidics, and the rapid prototyping capabilities of modern microfabrication, we expect this class of technology to continue to be an area of high research interest going forward. New developments in this field will contribute to the ongoing paradigm shift in cell analysis and sorting technologies toward label-free microfluidic devices, enabling new capabilities in biomedical research tools as well as clinical diagnostics. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Carey
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley Graduate Division, Berkeley, California
| | - Kristen L Cotner
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley Graduate Division, Berkeley, California
| | - Brian Li
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley Graduate Division, Berkeley, California
| | - Lydia L Sohn
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley Graduate Division, Berkeley, California
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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50
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Chen C, Zhang SP, Mao Z, Nama N, Gu Y, Huang PH, Jing Y, Guo X, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Three-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental investigation of boundary-driven streaming in surface acoustic wave microfluidics. Lab Chip 2018; 18:3645-3654. [PMID: 30361727 PMCID: PMC6291338 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00589c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic streaming has been widely used in microfluidics to manipulate various micro-/nano-objects. In this work, acoustic streaming activated by interdigital transducers (IDT) immersed in highly viscous oil is studied numerically and experimentally. In particular, we developed a modeling strategy termed the "slip velocity method" that enables a 3D simulation of surface acoustic wave microfluidics in a large domain (4 × 4 × 2 mm3) and at a high frequency (23.9 MHz). The experimental and numerical results both show that on top of the oil, all the acoustic streamlines converge at two horizontal stagnation points above the two symmetric sides of the IDT. At these two stagnation points, water droplets floating on the oil can be trapped. Based on these characteristics of the acoustic streaming field, we designed a surface acoustic wave microfluidic device with an integrated IDT array fabricated on a 128°YX LiNbO3 substrate to perform programmable, contactless droplet manipulation. By activating IDTs accordingly, the water droplets on the oil can be moved to the corresponding traps. With its excellent capability for manipulating droplets in a highly programmable, controllable manner, our surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices are valuable for on-chip contactless sample handling and chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Steven Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27707, USA.
| | - Yun Jing
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, NC 27707, USA.
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