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Wang GX, Shan C, Chen W, Wu B, Zhang P, Wei J, Xi Z, Ye S. Unusual Electronic Structures of an Electron Transfer Series of [Cr(μ-η 1 : η 1 -N 2 )Cr] 0/1+/2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315386. [PMID: 38299757 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In dinitrogen (N2 ) fixation chemistry, bimetallic end-on bridging N2 complexes M(μ-η1 : η1 -N2 )M can split N2 into terminal nitrides and hence attract great attention. To date, only 4d and 5d transition complexes, but none of 3d counterparts, could realize such a transformation. Likewise, complexes {[Cp*Cr(dmpe)]2 (μ-N2 )}0/1+/2+ (1-3) are incapable to cleave N2 , in contrast to their Mo congeners. Remarkably, cross this series the N-N bond length of the N2 ligand and the N-N stretching frequency exhibit unprecedented nonmonotonic variations, and complexes 1 and 2 in both solid and solution states display rare thermally activated ligand-mediated two-center spin transitions, distinct from discrete dinuclear spin crossovers. In-depth analyses using wave function based ab initio calculations reveal that the Cr-N2 -Cr bonding in complexes 1-3 is distinguished by strong multireference character and cannot be described by solely one electron configuration or Lewis structure, and that all intriguing spectroscopic observations originate in their sophisticate multireference electronic structures. More critical is that such multireference bonding of complexes 1-3 is at least a key factor that contributes to their kinetic inertness toward N2 splitting. The mechanistic understanding is then used to rationalize the disparate reactivity of related 3d M(μ-η1 : η1 -N2 )M complexes compared to their 4d and 5d analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunxiao Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Wandzilak A, Grubel K, Skubi KL, McWilliams SF, Bessas D, Rana A, Hugenbruch S, Dey A, Holland PL, DeBeer S. Mössbauer and Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Iron Species Involved in N-N Bond Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18449-18464. [PMID: 37902987 PMCID: PMC10647920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Diketiminate-supported iron complexes are capable of cleaving the strong triple bond of N2 to give a tetra-iron complex with two nitrides (Rodriguez et al., Science, 2011, 334, 780-783). The mechanism of this reaction has been difficult to determine, but a transient green species was observed during the reaction that corresponds to a potential intermediate. Here, we describe studies aiming to identify the characteristics of this intermediate, using a range of spectroscopic techniques, including Mössbauer spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We successfully elucidated the nature of the starting iron(II) species and the bis(nitride) species in THF solution, and in each case, THF breaks up the multiiron species. Various observations on the green intermediate species indicate that it has one N2 per two Fe atoms, has THF associated with it, and has NRVS features indicative of bridging N2. Computational models with a formally diiron(0)-N2 core are most consistent with the accumulated data, and on this basis, a mechanism for N2 splitting is suggested. This work shows the power of combining NRVS, Mössbauer, NMR, and vibrational spectroscopies with computations for revealing the nature of transient iron species during N2 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wandzilak
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grubel
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kazimer L. Skubi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Sean F. McWilliams
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bessas
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - Atanu Rana
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Stefan Hugenbruch
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of
Chemical Science, Indian Association for
the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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3
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Hasanayn F, Holland PL, Goldman AS, Miller AJM. Lewis Structures and the Bonding Classification of End-on Bridging Dinitrogen Transition Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4326-4342. [PMID: 36796367 PMCID: PMC9983020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The activation of dinitrogen by coordination to transition metal ions is a widely used and promising approach to the utilization of Earth's most abundant nitrogen source for chemical synthesis. End-on bridging N2 complexes (μ-η1:η1-N2) are key species in nitrogen fixation chemistry, but a lack of consensus on the seemingly simple task of assigning a Lewis structure for such complexes has prevented application of valence electron counting and other tools for understanding and predicting reactivity trends. The Lewis structures of bridging N2 complexes have traditionally been determined by comparing the experimentally observed NN distance to the bond lengths of free N2, diazene, and hydrazine. We introduce an alternative approach here and argue that the Lewis structure should be assigned based on the total π-bond order in the MNNM core (number of π-bonds), which derives from the character (bonding or antibonding) and occupancy of the delocalized π-symmetry molecular orbitals (π-MOs) in MNNM. To illustrate this approach, the complexes cis,cis-[(iPr4PONOP)MCl2]2(μ-N2) (M = W, Re, and Os) are examined in detail. Each complex is shown to have a different number of nitrogen-nitrogen and metal-nitrogen π-bonds, indicated as, respectively: W≡N-N≡W, Re═N═N═Re, and Os-N≡N-Os. It follows that each of these Lewis structures represents a distinct class of complexes (diazanyl, diazenyl, and dinitrogen, respectively), in which the μ-N2 ligand has a different electron donor number (total of 8e-, 6e-, or 4e-, respectively). We show how this classification can greatly aid in understanding and predicting the properties and reactivity patterns of μ-N2 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraj Hasanayn
- Department
of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon,E-mail: (F.H.)
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States,E-mail: (A.J.M.M.)
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4
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Torres JF, Oi CH, Moseley IP, El‐Sakkout N, Knight BJ, Shearer J, García‐Serres R, Zadrozny JM, Murray LJ. Dinitrogen Coordination to a High‐Spin Diiron(I/II) Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202329. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Torres
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Collin H. Oi
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ian P. Moseley
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Nabila El‐Sakkout
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS CEA IRIG Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Brian J. Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry Trinity University San Antonio TX 78212 USA
| | - Ricardo García‐Serres
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS CEA IRIG Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Joseph M. Zadrozny
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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5
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Torres JF, Oi CH, Moseley I, El-Sakkout N, Knight BJ, Shearer J, García-Serres R, Zadrozny JM, Murray LJ. Dinitrogen Coordination to a High Spin Diiron(I/II) Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Moseley
- Colorado State University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Nabila El-Sakkout
- Université Grenoble Alpes: Universite Grenoble Alpes Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Leslie Justin Murray
- University of Florida Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 117200 32611-7200 Gainesville UNITED STATES
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6
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Abstract
A new type of dititanium dinitrogen complex supported by a triphenolamine (TPA) ligand is reported. Analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman and NMR spectroscopy reveals different coordination geometries for the two titanium centers. Hence, coordination of TPA and a nitrogen ligand results in trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, while an octahedral titanium center is obtained upon additional coordination of an ethoxide generated upon C-O bond cleavage in a diethyl ether solvent molecule. The titanium complex successfully generates ammonia in the presence of an excess amount of PCy3HI and KC8 in 154% yield (per titanium atom). A titanium complex with a bulkier TPA does not form a dinitrogen complex, and mononuclear titanium dinitrogen complexes were not accessible, presumably because of the high tendency of early transition metals to form binuclear dinitrogen complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yamout LS, Ataya M, Hasanayn F, Holland PL, Miller AJM, Goldman AS. Understanding Terminal versus Bridging End-on N 2 Coordination in Transition Metal Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9744-9757. [PMID: 34180663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Terminal and bridging end-on coordination of N2 to transition metal complexes offer possibilities for distinct pathways in ammonia synthesis and N2 functionalization. Here we elucidate the fundamental factors controlling the two binding modes and determining which is favored for a given metal-ligand system, using both quantitative density functional theory (DFT) and qualitative molecular orbital (MO) analyses. The Gibbs free energy for converting two terminal MN2 complexes into a bridging MNNM complex and a free N2 molecule (2ΔGeq°) is examined through systematic variations of the metal and ligands; values of ΔGeq° range between +9.1 and -24.0 kcal/mol per M-N2 bond. We propose a model that accounts for these broad variations by assigning a fixed π-bond order (BOπ) to the triatomic terminal MNN moiety that is equal to that of the free N2 molecule, and a variable BOπ to the bridging complexes based on the character (bonding or antibonding) and occupancy of the π-MOs in the tetratomic MNNM core. When the conversion from terminal to bridging coordination and free N2 is associated with an increase in the number of π-bonds (ΔBOeqπ > 0), the bridging mode is greatly favored; this condition is satisfied when each metal provides 1, 2, or 3 electrons to the π-MOs of the MNNM core. When each metal in the bridging complex provides 4 electrons to the MNNM π-MOs, ΔBOeqπ = 0; the equilibrium in this case is approximately ergoneutral and the direction can be shifted by dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Yamout
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Ataya
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alan S Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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8
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Abstract
Activation of dinitrogen plays an important role in daily anthropogenic life, and the processes by which this fixation occurs have been a longstanding and significant research focus within the community. One of the major fields of dinitrogen activation research is the use of multimetallic compounds to reduce and/or activate N2 into a more useful nitrogen-atom source, such as ammonia. Here we report a comprehensive review of multimetallic-dinitrogen complexes and their utility toward N2 activation, beginning with the d-block metals from Group 4 to Group 11, then extending to Group 13 (which is exclusively populated by B complexes), and finally the rare-earth and actinide species. The review considers all polynuclear metal aggregates containing two or more metal centers in which dinitrogen is coordinated or activated (i.e., partial or complete cleavage of the N2 triple bond in the observed product). Our survey includes complexes in which mononuclear N2 complexes are used as building blocks to generate homo- or heteromultimetallic dinitrogen species, which allow one to evaluate the potential of heterometallic species for dinitrogen activation. We highlight some of the common trends throughout the periodic table, such as the differences between coordination modes as it relates to N2 activation and potential functionalization and the effect of polarizing the bridging N2 ligand by employing different metal ions of differing Lewis acidities. By providing this comprehensive treatment of polynuclear metal dinitrogen species, this Review aims to outline the past and provide potential future directions for continued research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - William R Buratto
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Juan F Torres
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis, and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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9
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Sorsche D, Miehlich ME, Searles K, Gouget G, Zolnhofer EM, Fortier S, Chen CH, Gau M, Carroll PJ, Murray CB, Caulton KG, Khusniyarov MM, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Unusual Dinitrogen Binding and Electron Storage in Dinuclear Iron Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8147-8159. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Sorsche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Matthias E. Miehlich
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Keith Searles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Guillaume Gouget
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eva M. Zolnhofer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Skye Fortier
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Michael Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth G. Caulton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Marat M. Khusniyarov
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Nagelski AL, Fataftah MS, Bollmeyer MM, McWilliams SF, MacMillan SN, Mercado BQ, Lancaster KM, Holland PL. The influences of carbon donor ligands on biomimetic multi-iron complexes for N 2 reduction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12710-12720. [PMID: 34094466 PMCID: PMC8163302 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The active site clusters of nitrogenase enzymes possess the only examples of carbides in biology. These are the only biological FeS clusters that are capable of reducing N2 to NH4+, implicating the central carbon and its interaction with Fe as important in the mechanism of N2 reduction. This biological question motivates study of the influence of carbon donors on the electronic structure and reactivity of unsaturated, high-spin iron centers. Here, we present functional and structural models that test the impacts of carbon donors and sulfide donors in simpler iron compounds. We report the first example of a diiron complex that is bridged by an alkylidene and a sulfide, which serves as a high-fidelity structural and spectroscopic model of a two-iron portion of the active-site cluster (FeMoco) in the resting state of Mo-nitrogenase. The model complexes have antiferromagnetically coupled pairs of high-spin iron centers, and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows comparable covalency of the sulfide for C and S bridged species. The sulfur-bridged compound does not interact with N2 even upon reduction, but upon removal of the sulfide it becomes capable of reducing N2 to NH4+ with the addition of protons and electrons. This provides synthetic support for sulfide extrusion in the activation of nitrogenase cofactors. High-spin diiron alkylidenes give insight into the electronic structure and functional relevance of carbon in the FeMoco active site of nitrogenase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa M. Bollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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11
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Kokubo Y, Wasada‐Tsutsui Y, Yomura S, Yanagisawa S, Kubo M, Kugimiya S, Kajita Y, Ozawa T, Masuda H. Syntheses, Characterizations, and Crystal Structures of Dinitrogen‐Divanadium Complexes Bearing Triamidoamine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yachigusa 470‐0392 Yakusa‐cho Toyota Japan
| | - Yuko Wasada‐Tsutsui
- Department of Life and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology 466‐8555 Nagoya Gokiso‐cho, Showa‐ku Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yomura
- Department of Life and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology 466‐8555 Nagoya Gokiso‐cho, Showa‐ku Japan
| | - Sachiko Yanagisawa
- Graduate School of Life Science Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo 3‐2‐1 Koto 678‐1297 Kamigori‐cho Ako‐gun Hyogo Japan
| | - Minoru Kubo
- Graduate School of Life Science Graduate School of Engineering University of Hyogo 3‐2‐1 Koto 678‐1297 Kamigori‐cho Ako‐gun Hyogo Japan
| | - Shinichi Kugimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yachigusa 470‐0392 Yakusa‐cho Toyota Japan
| | - Yuji Kajita
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yachigusa 470‐0392 Yakusa‐cho Toyota Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ozawa
- Department of Life and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology 466‐8555 Nagoya Gokiso‐cho, Showa‐ku Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology 1247 Yachigusa 470‐0392 Yakusa‐cho Toyota Japan
- Department of Life and Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology 466‐8555 Nagoya Gokiso‐cho, Showa‐ku Japan
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