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Yang N, Wang H, Zhang L, Lv J, Niu Z, Liu J, Zhang Z. Long non-coding RNA SNHG14 aggravates LPS-induced acute kidney injury through regulating miR-495-3p/HIPK1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:719-728. [PMID: 33856026 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome with an abrupt decrease of kidney function, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is the common cause of AKI. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the development and progression of sepsis-induced AKI. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the function and mechanism of lncRNA SNHG14 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. We found that SNHG14 was highly expressed in the plasma of sepsis patients with AKI. SNHG14 inhibited cell proliferation and autophagy and promoted cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. Functionally, SNHG14 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to negatively regulate miR-495-3p expression in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, we identified that HIPK1 is a direct target of miR-495-3p in HK-2 cells. We also revealed that the SNHG14/miR-495-3p/HIPK1 interaction network regulated HK-2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory cytokine production upon LPS stimulation. In addition, we demonstrated that the SNHG14/miR-495-3p/HIPK1 interaction network regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) via modulating NF-κB/p65 signaling in LPS-challenged HK-2 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggested a novel therapeutic axis of SNHG14/miR-495-3p/HIPK1 to treat sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Junhua Lv
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Zequn Niu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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Miyabe Y, Sekiya S, Sugiura N, Oka M, Karasawa K, Moriyama T, Nitta K, Shimizu T. Renal subcapsular transplantation of hepatocyte growth factor-producing mesothelial cell sheets improves ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F229-F239. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00601.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinically important cause of acute kidney injury leading to chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, IRI in renal transplantation still remains a risk factor for delayed graft function. Previous studies on IRI have had some limitations, and few of the studied therapies have been clinically applicable. Therefore, a new method for treating renal IRI is needed. We examined the effects of human mesothelial cell (MC) sheets and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-transgenic MC (tg MC) sheets transplanted under the renal capsule in an IRI rat model and compared these two treatments with the intravenous administration of HGF protein and no treatment through serum, histological, and mRNA analyses over 28 days. MC sheets and HGF-tg MC sheets produced HGF protein and significantly improved acute renal dysfunction, acute tubular necrosis, and survival rate. The improvement in necrosis was likely due to the cell sheets promoting the migration and proliferation of renal tubular cells, as observed in vitro. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin at day 14 and renal fibrosis at day 28 after IRI were significantly suppressed in MC sheet and HGF-tg MC sheet treatment groups compared with the other groups, and these effects tended to be reinforced by the HGF-tg MC sheets. These results suggest that the cell sheets locally and continuously affect renal paracrine factors, such as HGF, and support recovery from acute tubular necrosis and improvement of renal fibrosis in chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoei Miyabe
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sekiya
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugiura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Oka
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Karasawa
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahito Moriyama
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pastori S, Virzì GM, Brocca A, de Cal M, Cantaluppi V, Castellani C, Fedrigo M, Thiene G, Valente ML, Angelini A, Vescovo G, Ronco C. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1: Activation of Dual Apoptotic Pathways. Cardiorenal Med 2015; 5:306-15. [PMID: 26648947 DOI: 10.1159/000438831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) pathophysiology is complex, and immune-mediated damage, including alterations in the immune response with monocyte apoptosis and cytokine release, has been reported as a potential mechanism. In this study, we examined the putative role of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTC) apoptosis as a pathogenic mechanism in CRS1. In particular, we investigated the caspase pathways involved in induced apoptosis. We enrolled 29 patients with acute heart failure (AHF), 11 patients with CRS1, and 15 controls (CTR) without AHF or acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients who had AKI prior to the episode of AHF or who had any other potential causes of AKI were excluded. Plasma from different groups was incubated with RTCs for 24 h. Subsequently, cell apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities were investigated in RTCs incubated with AHF, CRS1, and CTR plasma. A p value <0.5 was considered statistically significant. A quantitative analysis of apoptosis showed significantly higher apoptosis rates in CRS1 patients compared to AHF patients and CTR (p < 0.01). This increase in apoptosis was strongly confirmed by caspase-3 levels (ρ = 0.73). Caspase-8 and -9 were significantly higher in CRS1 patients compared to AHF patients and CTR (p < 0.01). Furthermore, caspase-3 levels showed a significantly positive correlation with caspase-8 (ρ = 0.57) and -9 (ρ = 0.47; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated the significantly heightened presence of dual apoptotic disequilibrium in CRS1. Our findings indicated that apoptosis may have a central role in the mechanism of CRS1, and it could be a potential therapeutic target in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastori
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brocca
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Presidio Molinette', Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Valente
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy ; Internal Medicine Unit, Sant'Antonio Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Vicenza, Italy ; Department of IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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Rampanelli E, Rouschop KM, Claessen N, Teske GJ, Pals ST, Leemans JC, Florquin S. Opposite role of CD44-standard and CD44-variant-3 in tubular injury and development of renal fibrosis during chronic obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2014; 86:558-69. [PMID: 24717295 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are characterized by tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. We previously showed that in obstructive nephropathy de novo CD44 renal expression contributes to renal fibrosis but attenuates tubular damage/apoptosis. As CD44-standard (CD44s) has been linked to TGF-β1-mediated actions and CD44-variant-3 (CD44v3) favors HGF-c-Met binding, we compared the functional properties of these CD44 isoforms in the progression of obstructive nephropathy, using specific CD44-variant knockout/knockin mice. The presence of CD44v3 diminished tubular damage during obstructive nephropathy, decreased apoptosis, and increased proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, and prevented renal fibrosis development. In contrast, expression of CD44s led to increased tubular damage and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, and more renal fibrosis. A relative increase in renal β-catenin expression, HGF production, and HGF/c-Met signaling, together with a relative inhibition of TGF-β1 downstream signaling and TGF-β type I receptor expression, was found in CD44v3 mice compared with CD44s littermates. In line with this, Wnt3a/HGF treatment of tubular cells resulted in higher β-catenin/p-AKT levels in CD44v3(+) tubular epithelial cells, whereas TGF-β1 induced a mild collagen I upregulation in CD44v3(+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts as compared with CD44s(+) cells. Thus, CD44s and CD44v3 exert opposite roles in the progression of obstructive nephropathy, with CD44v3-v10 being the protective isoform that delays evolution of the renal pathology.
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Symons JM. Moving beyond supportive care--current status of specific therapies in pediatric acute kidney injury. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:173-81. [PMID: 23407998 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant challenge, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. Therapy for AKI to this point has largely been supportive; specific interventions to treat established AKI have had minimal effect. Review of the pathogenesis of AKI reveals complex, interacting mechanisms, including changes in microcirculation, the immune system, and inflammation, and cell death from both necrosis and apoptosis. Past definitions of AKI have been imprecise; newer methods for AKI identification and classification, including novel biomarkers and improved criteria for defining AKI, may permit earlier intervention with greater potential for success. With improved understanding of pathophysiology and the opportunity for intervention before AKI is fully established, clinicians may be able to move beyond supportive care and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Symons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA,
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Abstract
Organ failure in the heart or kidney can initiate various complex metabolic, cell-mediated and humoral pathways affecting distant organs, contributing to the high therapeutic costs and significantly higher morbidity and mortality. The universal outreach of cells in an injured state has myriad consequences to distant organ cells and their milieu. Heart performance and kidney function are closely interconnected and communication between these organs occurs through a variety of bidirectional pathways. The term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is often used to describe this condition and represents an important model for exploring the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Clinical evidence suggests that tissue injury in both acute kidney injury and heart failure has immune-mediated inflammatory consequences that can initiate remote organ dysfunction. Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS type 1) and acute renocardiac syndrome (CRS type 3) are particularly relevant in high-acuity medical units. This review briefly summarizes relevant research and focuses on the role of signaling in heart-kidney crosstalk in the critical care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sonya Day
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Internal Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Via Giustiniani, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
- IRRIV – International Renal Resarch Institute Vicenza, Via Rodolfi 37, Vicenza 36100, Italy
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Fujikura T, Togawa A, Sun Y, Iwakura T, Yasuda H, Fujigaki Y. Dephosphorylated Ser985 of c-Met is associated with acquired resistance to rechallenge injury in rats that had recovered from uranyl acetate-induced subclinical renal damage. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 17:504-14. [PMID: 23250664 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-012-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that rats that had recovered from mild proximal tubule (PT) injury induced by a sub-toxic dose of uranyl acetate (UA) showed partial resistance to a subsequent nephrotoxic dose of UA in association with reduced renal dysfunction and accelerated PT proliferation. We demonstrated that this resistance may involve hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling. Here, we examined whether primary cultured tubular cells derived from this model had acquired sensitivity to HGF. METHODS Tubular cells were isolated by collagenase digestion from rat kidneys after recovery from UA-induced mild PT injury and were cultured for 48 h. Their survival and proliferation were examined using the MTS assay/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling or MTS assay, respectively, and their migration was assayed using wound-healing and cell scattering assays, with/without HGF. HGF/c-Met signaling was assayed using phospho-specific antibodies. RESULTS HGF-stimulated cultured tubular cells from UA-treated rats showed better survival after UA exposure and higher proliferation and migration than cells from vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, HGF induced higher phosphorylation of c-Met (Tyr1234/1235) and of its major downstream signals (AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) with maintained dephosphorylation of Ser985 as a negative regulator of HGF/c-Met signaling in the tubular cells of UA-treated rats compared to those of vehicle-treated rats. Immunohistochemically, dephosphorylated Ser985 was confirmed in PT cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that elevated sensitivity to HGF, via dephosphorylated Ser985 of c-Met of tubular cells that had recovered from mild tubular injury, may be associated with cytoprotection, accelerated proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujikura
- Internal Medicine 1, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Srisawat N, Wen X, Lee M, Kong L, Elder M, Carter M, Unruh M, Finkel K, Vijayan A, Ramkumar M, Paganini E, Singbartl K, Palevsky PM, Kellum JA. Urinary biomarkers and renal recovery in critically ill patients with renal support. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:1815-23. [PMID: 21757640 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.11261210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite significant advances in the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), prognostication remains a major clinical challenge. Unfortunately, no reliable method to predict renal recovery exists. The discovery of biomarkers to aid in clinical risk prediction for recovery after AKI would represent a significant advance over current practice. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted the Biological Markers of Recovery for the Kidney study as an ancillary to the Acute Renal Failure Trial Network study. Urine samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 14 from 76 patients who developed AKI and received renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit. We explored whether levels of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary hepatocyte growth factor (uHGF), urinary cystatin C (uCystatin C), IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9, and urine creatinine could predict subsequent renal recovery. RESULTS We defined renal recovery as alive and free of dialysis at 60 days from the start of RRT. Patients who recovered had higher uCystatin C on day 1 (7.27 versus 6.60 ng/mg·creatinine) and lower uHGF on days 7 and 14 (2.97 versus 3.48 ng/mg·creatinine; 2.24 versus 3.40 ng/mg·creatinine). For predicting recovery, decreasing uNGAL and uHGF in the first 14 days was associated with greater odds of renal recovery. The most predictive model combined relative changes in biomarkers with clinical variables and resulted in an area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve of 0.94. CONCLUSIONS We showed that a panel of urine biomarkers can augment clinical risk prediction for recovery after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattachai Srisawat
- 604 Scaife Hall, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Abstract
Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury often complicates sepsis, leading to greater complexity, cost of care, and worsening prognosis. In recent years, a consensus definition of acute kidney injury has been developed, facilitating research into the pathophysiology and epidemiology of this disorder. New and emerging biomarkers to recognize kidney injury before functional abnormalities are manifest may allow early recognition and facilitate prevention or treatment. Furthermore, advances in the clinical management of sepsis may have secondary benefits with respect to renal outcomes. Existing and hybrid extracorporeal therapies are being investigated not only as means to replace lost kidney function but also to modulate the immune response to sepsis. For those who have more advanced forms of kidney injury, strategies to promote renal recovery are being sought to minimize the long-term consequences of impaired kidney function. This review provides an update on the current state of the science and a glimpse toward the future of intervention in sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, St. Bortolo Hospital, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
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Ohnishi H, Mizuno S, Nakamura T. Inhibition of tubular cell proliferation by neutralizing endogenous HGF leads to renal hypoxia and bone marrow-derived cell engraftment in acute renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 294:F326-35. [PMID: 18032545 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00480.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the progression of acute renal failure (ARF), the renal tubular S3 segment is sensitive to ischemic stresses. For reversing tubular damage, resident tubular cells proliferate, and bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) can be engrafted into injured tubules. However, how resident epithelium or BMDC are involved in tubular repair remains unknown. Using a mouse model of ARF, we examined whether hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) regulates a balance of resident cell proliferation and BMDC recruitment. Within 48 h post-renal ischemia, tubular destruction became evident, followed by two-waved regenerative events: 1) tubular cell proliferation between 2 and 4 days, along with an increase in blood HGF; and 2) appearance of BMDC in the tubules from 6 days postischemia. When anti-HGF IgG was injected in the earlier stage, tubular cell proliferation was inhibited, leading to an increase in BMDC in renal tubules. Under the HGF-neutralized state, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) levels increased in renal tubules, associated with the enhanced hypoxia. Administrations of anti-SDF1 receptor IgG into ARF mice reduced the number of BMDC in interstitium and tubules. Thus possible cascades include 1) inhibition of tubular cell proliferation by neutralizing HGF leads to renal hypoxia and SDF1 upregulation; and 2) BMDC are eventually engrafted in tubules through SDF1-mediated chemotaxis. Inversely, administration of recombinant HGF suppressed the renal hypoxia, SDF1 upregulation, and BMDC engraftment in ARF mice by enhancing resident tubular cell proliferation. Thus we conclude that HGF is a positive regulator for eliciting resident tubular cell proliferation, and SDF1 for BMDC engraftment during the repair process of ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohnishi
- Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Homsi E, Janino P, Biswas SK, Mizuno S, Nakamura T, Lopes de Faria JB. Attenuation of glycerol-induced acute kidney injury by previous partial hepatectomy: role of hepatocyte growth factor/c-met axis in tubular protection. Nephron Clin Pract 2007; 107:e95-106. [PMID: 17940345 DOI: 10.1159/000109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Previous partial hepatectomy (HPTX) can attenuate glycerol-induced acute kidney injury (Gly-AKI). The aim of this study was to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in kidney protection. METHODS Rats were subjected to HPTX 24 h before glycerol administration. Renal function, acute tubular necrosis, apoptosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the expression of HGF, c-met, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-1beta, and heme oxygenase-1 were evaluated 24 h after glycerol injection. The regenerative response was analyzed from 6 to 72 h after glycerol injection (BrdU incorporation). In a separate series of experiments, Gly-AKI+HPTX rats were treated with anti-HGF antibody. RESULTS Gly-AKI+HPTX rats showed an increased expression of renal HGF and c-met as well as an improved creatinine clearance and reduced acute tubular necrosis and apoptosis, cytokine expression, and leukocyte infiltration. The regenerative response was less intense 24 and 72 h after glycerol administration in this group. The anti-HGF treatment disclosed an important role of HGF in the reduction of tubular injury, particularly apoptosis. Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 was observed in Gly-AKI+HPTX rats, but was not associated with HPTX-induced renal protection. CONCLUSION We conclude that Gly-AKI+HPTX rats have a reduced susceptibility to renal injury instead of an increased regenerative response and that endogenous HGF overexpression is responsible for suppression of tubular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Homsi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Doi S, Masaki T, Arakawa T, Takahashi S, Kawai T, Nakashima A, Naito T, Kohno N, Yorioka N. Protective effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand on apoptosis and hepatocyte growth factor induction in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation 2007; 84:207-13. [PMID: 17667812 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000269614.21367.3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury affects the long-term outcome of renal graft survival. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma ligands, have been shown to exert therapeutic effects upon renal ischemia-reperfusion injury far beyond their use as insulin sensitizers. It has also been reported that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has a beneficial effect on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and that TZDs induce increased HGF mRNA expression and protein secretion. We investigated the effect of troglitazone, one of the TZDs, in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS A 45-minute period of warm renal ischemia was induced by bilateral clamping at 37 degrees C with rats being sacrificed before the onset of ischemia and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hr after reperfusion. The expression of PPAR-gamma was measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting while the production of HGF was investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The effect of troglitazone treatment on the level of apoptosis was determined by staining for cleaved caspase-3 and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). RESULTS The numbers of cleaved caspase-3 and ssDNA positive cells were decreased in rats treated with troglitazone. The production of HGF mRNA and protein was most intense at 4 hr. The expression of PPAR-gamma and HGF was increased in the group treated with troglitazone compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS.: Pretreatment of rats with the PPAR-gamma ligand troglitazone decreased apoptotic cell death in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury as a result of the induction of HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Abstract
AIM: To transfer human HGF gene into the liver of rats by direct electroporation as a means to prevent radiation-induced liver damage.
METHODS: Rat whole liver irradiation model was accomplished by intra-operative approach. HGF plasmid was injected into liver and transferred by electroporation using a pulse generator. Control rats (n = 8) received electrogene therapy (EGT) vehicle plasmid and another 8 rats received HGF-EGT 100 μg 48 h before WLIR. Expression of HGF in liver was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA methods. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. Histopathology was evaluated 10 wk after whole liver irradiation.
RESULTS: Marked decrease of apoptotic cells and down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) mRNA were observed in the HGF-EGT group 2 d after liver irradiation compared to control animals. Less evidence of radiation-induced liver damage was observed morphologically in liver specimen 10 wk after liver irradiation and longer median survival time was observed from HGF-EGT group (14 wk) compared to control rats (5 wk). (P = 0.031).
CONCLUSION: For the first time it has been demonstrated that HGF-EGT would prevent liver from radiation-induced liver damage by preventing apoptosis and down-regulation of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Hua Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, 95 Wen-Chang Road, Shih-Lin, Taipei, Taiwan, China.
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Biswas P, Roy A, Gong R, Yango A, Tolbert E, Centracchio J, Dworkin LD. Hepatocyte growth factor induces an endothelin-mediated decline in glomerular filtration rate. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288:F8-15. [PMID: 15583218 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00435.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in renal development, injury, and repair. HGF also serves a protective role in chronic renal disease by preventing tissue fibrosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), produced primarily by endothelial cells, is a potent vasoconstrictor that also acts as a proinflammatory peptide, promoting vascular injury and renal damage. In addition to mediating a variety of epithelial cell responses, HGF also induces hemodynamic changes that are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to study the acute and chronic effects of HGF on ET-1 production in the kidney. We hypothesized that hemodynamic changes upon HGF treatment are likely mediated by immediate ET-1 release, whereas protection from renal fibrosis in rats chronically treated with HGF is likely due to suppression of ET-1 production. Acute HGF infusion into rats caused a decline in blood pressure that was enhanced by pretreatment with bosentan (an endothelin A and B receptor antagonist). HGF infusion also resulted in a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that could be entirely prevented by bosentan, suggesting that HGF acutely increases production and/or release of ET-1, which then mediates the observed decline in GFR. In cultured glomerular endothelial cells, HGF induced ET-1 production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, although there was an initial increase in ET-1 production upon HGF treatment, longer administration suppressed ET-1 production. This finding was consistent with the observation in vivo of a decrease in ET-1 production in renal parenchyma of rats chronically treated with HGF. Our data suggest both a hemodynamic and biological role for HGF-mediated ET-1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purba Biswas
- Diivsion of Renal Diseases, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St., Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Florquin S, Rouschop KMA. Reciprocal functions of hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 in the progression of renal diseases: a role for CD44? Kidney Int Suppl 2003:S15-20. [PMID: 12969122 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.64.s86.4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive renal fibrosis occurs via common pathophysiologic mechanisms, regardless of the primary underlying disease. This cascade includes release of cytokines/chemokines and toxic molecules, interstitial inflammation, tubular cell damage, accumulation of myofibroblasts, and finally, fibrosis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) are key molecules in this cascade that, in general, exert opposite actions. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes, to some extent, inflammation, protects tubular epithelial cells, blocks myofibroblast transition, and contributes to tissue remodeling. In contrast, TGF-beta1 has powerful anti-inflammatory actions, promotes apoptosis, induces myofibroblast transition, and is a strong pro-fibrotic agent. The mechanisms which orchestrate the reciprocal actions of HGF and TGF-beta1 are still largely unknown and are probably multiple. One of these mechanisms involves the selective up-regulation of CD44 in damaged kidney. The glomerular and tubular expression of CD44 closely correlates with the degree of renal damage, and CD44 has been shown to facilitate the action of both HGF and TGF-beta1. Moreover, during chronic obstructive nephropathy CD44 knock-out mice display much more tubular damage but develop less fibrosis in the course of the renal disease. These histologic findings are associated with impairment of signaling pathways of both HGF and TGF-beta1. The development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing progression of renal diseases that are based on HGF and/or TGF-beta1 may take in account the pivotal role of CD44 expression in the functions of both molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
In humans and experimental models of renal ischemia, tubular cells in various nephron segments undergo necrotic and/or apoptotic cell death. Various factors, including nucleotide depletion, electrolyte imbalance, reactive oxygen species, endonucleases, disruption of mitochondrial integrity, and activation of various components of the apoptotic machinery, have been implicated in renal cell vulnerability. Several approaches to limit the injury and augment the regeneration process, including nucleotide repletion, administration of growth factors, reactive oxygen species scavengers, and inhibition of inducers and executioners of cell death, proved to be effective in animal models. Nevertheless, an effective approach to limit or prevent ischemic renal injury in humans remains elusive, primarily because of an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of cellular injury. Elucidation of cell death pathways in animal models in the setting of renal injury and extrapolation of the findings to humans will aid in the design of potential therapeutic strategies. This review evaluates our understanding of the molecular signaling events in apoptotic and necrotic cell death and the contribution of various molecular components of these pathways to renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-4575, USA.
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Abstract
Renal tubular cells die by apoptosis as well as necrosis in experimental models of ischemic and toxic acute renal failure as well as in humans with acute tubular necrosis. It is not yet possible, however, to determine the relative contribution of these two forms of cell death to loss of renal tubular cells in acute tubular necrosis. The beneficial effect of administering growth factors to animals with acute tubular necrosis is probably related to the potent antiapoptotic (survival) effects of growth factors as well as to their proliferative effects. Rapamycin inhibits both of these effects of growth factors and delays the recovery of renal function after acute tubular necrosis by inhibiting renal tubular cell regeneration and by increasing renal tubular cell loss by apoptosis. The administration of caspase inhibitors ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in multiple organs including the kidney. However, the extent to which this protective effect of caspase inhibition is caused by reduced intrarenal inflammation, or by amelioration of renal tubular cell loss due to apoptosis, remains uncertain. In addition to caspase inhibition, the apoptotic pathway offers many potential targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent renal tubular cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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