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Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Coates TD, Kuo KHM, Al-Samkari H, Sheth S, Viprakasit V, Taher AT. Αlpha-thalassemia: A practical overview. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101165. [PMID: 38182489 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
α-Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by decreased synthesis of α-globin chains that results in an imbalance of α and β globin and thus varying degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis, decreased red blood cell (RBC) survival, chronic hemolytic anemia, and subsequent comorbidities. Clinical presentation varies depending on the genotype, ranging from a silent or mild carrier state to severe, transfusion-dependent or lethal disease. Management of patients with α-thalassemia is primarily supportive, addressing either symptoms (eg, RBC transfusions for anemia), complications of the disease, or its transfusion-dependence (eg, chelation therapy for iron overload). Several novel therapies are also in development, including curative gene manipulation techniques and disease modifying agents that target ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic hemolytic anemia. This review of α-thalassemia and its various manifestations provides practical information for clinicians who practice beyond those regions where it is found with high frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Musallam
- Center for Research on Rare Blood Disorders (CR-RBD), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Ca' Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Hematology Section, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Center for Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sujit Sheth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Department of Pediatrics & Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Antonarakis SE, Orkin SH. Haig H. Kazazian, Jr. (1937–2022). Genome Res 2022. [PMCID: PMC8997350 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276712.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The past 45 years have witnessed a triumph in the discovery of genes and genetic variation that cause Mendelian disorders due to high impact variants. Important discoveries and organized projects have provided the necessary tools and infrastructure for the identification of gene defects leading to thousands of monogenic phenotypes. This endeavor can be divided in three phases in which different laboratory strategies were employed for the discovery of disease-related genes: (i) the biochemical phase, (ii) the genetic linkage followed by positional cloning phase, and (iii) the sequence identification phase. However, much more work is needed to identify all the high impact genomic variation that substantially contributes to the phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos E Antonarakis
- University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Adekile A, Akbulut-Jeradi N, Al Khaldi R, Fernandez MJ, Sukumaran J. Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease and HBB Haplotyping in the Era of Personalized Medicine: Role of Next Generation Sequencing. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060454. [PMID: 34071035 PMCID: PMC8224627 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin genotype and HBB haplotype are established genetic factors that modify the clinical phenotype in sickle cell disease (SCD). Current methods of establishing these two factors are cumbersome and/or prone to errors. The throughput capability of next generation sequencing (NGS) makes it ideal for simultaneous interrogation of the many genes of interest in SCD. This study was designed to confirm the diagnosis in patients with HbSS and Sβ-thalassemia, identify any ß-thal mutations and simultaneously determine the ßS HBB haplotype. Illumina Ampliseq custom DNA panel was used to genotype the DNA samples. Haplotyping was based on the alleles on five haplotype-specific SNPs. The patients studied included 159 HbSS patients and 68 Sβ-thal patients, previously diagnosed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There was considerable discordance between HPLC and NGS results, giving a false +ve rate of 20.5% with a sensitivity of 79% for the identification of Sβthal. Arab/India haplotype was found in 81.5% of βS chromosomes, while the two most common, of the 13 β-thal mutations detected, were IVS-1 del25 and IVS-II-1 (G>A). NGS is very versatile and can be deployed to simultaneously screen multiple gene loci for modifying polymorphisms, to afford personalized, evidence-based counselling and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Adekile
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait; jalajasukumaran@hotmail
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-253-194-86
| | | | - Rasha Al Khaldi
- Advanced Technology Company, Hawali 32060, Kuwait; (N.A.-J.); (R.A.); (M.J.F.)
| | | | - Jalaja Sukumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait; jalajasukumaran@hotmail
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Migeon BR, Kazazian HH. Reflections on the history of genetic medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3224-3229. [PMID: 33955173 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two members of the faculty-who witnessed the birth of Genetic Medicine and remained to see it evolve-present their reflections about the history of genetic medicine at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. They tell how the genetic units in Pediatrics and Medicine that were initiated by Barton Childs and Victor McKusick, respectively, became the McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Migeon
- The McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haig H Kazazian
- The McKusick Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
I have been fortunate and privileged to have participated in amazing breakthroughs in human genetics since the 1960s. I was lucky to have trained in medical school at Dartmouth and Johns Hopkins, in pediatrics at the University of Minnesota and Johns Hopkins, and in genetics and molecular biology with Dr. Barton Childs at Johns Hopkins and Dr. Harvey Itano at the National Institutes of Health. Later, the collaborative spirit at Johns Hopkins and the University of Pennsylvania were important to my career. Here, I describe the thrill of scientific discovery in two diverse areas of human genetics: DNA haplotypes and their role in solving the molecular basis of beta thalassemia and the role of retrotransposons (jumping genes) in human biology. I hope that this article may inspire others who love human genetics as much as I do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haig H Kazazian
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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7
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Azar B. Profile of Haig H. Kazazian Jr. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32185-32188. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023398117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Ha J, Martinson R, Iwamoto SK, Nishi A. Hemoglobin E, malaria and natural selection. Evol Med Public Health 2019; 2019:232-241. [PMID: 31890210 PMCID: PMC6925914 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is known that there has been positive natural selection for hemoglobin S and C in humans despite negative health effects, due to its role in malaria resistance. However, it is not well understood, if there has been natural selection for hemoglobin E (HbE), which is a common variant in Southeast Asia. Therefore, we reviewed previous studies and discussed the potential role of natural selection in the prevalence of HbE. Our review shows that in vitro studies, evolutionary genetics studies and epidemiologic studies largely support an involvement of natural selection in the evolution of HbE and a protective role of HbE against malaria infection. However, the evidence is inconsistent, provided from different regions, and insufficient to perform an aggregated analysis such as a meta-analysis. In addition, few candidate gene, genome-wide association or epistasis studies, which have been made possible with the use of big data in the post-genomic era, have investigated HbE. The biological pathways linking HbE and malaria infection have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, further research is necessary before it can be concluded that there was positive natural selection for HbE due to protection against malaria. Lay summary: Our review shows that evidence largely supports an involvement of natural selection in the evolution of HbE and a protective role of HbE against malaria. However, the evidence is not consistent. Further research is necessary before it is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ryan Martinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Sage K Iwamoto
- College of Letters & Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-2930, USA
| | - Akihiro Nishi
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Tel: +1-310-206-7164; Fax: +1-310-206-6039; E-mail:
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Sharifi Z, Rahiminejad F, Joudaki A, Bandehi AS, Farahzadi H, Keshvar Y, Golnabi F, Naderi S, Yazdani R, Shafaat M, Ghadami S, Abiri M, Zeinali S. Development and validation of a novel panel of 16 STR markers for simultaneous diagnosis of β-thalassemia, aneuploidy screening, maternal cell contamination detection and fetal sample authenticity in PND and PGD/PGS cases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7452. [PMID: 31092881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis (PND) may be complicated with sample mix-up; maternal cell contamination, non-paternity and allele drop out at different stages of diagnosis. Aneuploidy screening if combined with PND for a given single gene disorder, can help to detect any common aneuploidy as well as aiding sample authenticity and other probable complications which may arise during such procedures. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel panel of STR markers combined as a multiplex PCR kit (HapScreen™ kit) for the detection of β-thalassemia, aneuploidy screening, ruling in/out maternal cell contamination (MCC), and sample authenticity. The kit uses 7 STR markers linked to β-globin gene (HBB) as well as using 9 markers for quantitative analysis of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y. Selection of the markers was to do linkage analysis with β-globin gene, segregation analysis and to perform a preliminary aneuploidy screening of fetal samples respectively. These markers (linked to the β-globin gene) were tested on more than 2185 samples and showed high heterozygosity values (68.4-91.4%). From 2185 fetal cases we found 3 cases of non-paternity, 5 cases of MCC, one case of sample mix-up and one case of trisomy 21 which otherwise may have end up to misdiagnosis. This kit was also successfully used on 231 blastomeres for 29 cases of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and screening (PGS). The markers used for simultaneous analysis of haplotype segregation and aneuploidy screening proved to be very valuable to confirm results obtained from direct mutation detection methods (i.e. ARMS, MLPA and sequencing) and aneuploidy screening.
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Sajadpour Z, Amini-Farsani Z, Motovali-Bashi M, Yadollahi M, Yadollahi F. Investigation of RFLP Haplotypes β-Globin Gene Cluster in Beta-Thalassemia Patients in Central Iran. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:61-67. [PMID: 31372199 PMCID: PMC6660478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Beta-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent inherited blood diseases among Iranians. The aim of this study was to elucidate the chromosomal background of beta-thalassemia mutations in Esfahan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated three frequent mutations (c.315+1G>A, c.93-21G>A and c.92+5G>C in β-globin gene, the frequency of RFLP haplotypes, and LD between markers at β-globin gene cluster) in 150 beta-thalassemia patients and 50 healthy individuals. The molecular and population genetic investigations were performed on RFLP markers HindIII in the c.315+1G>A of Gγ (HindIIIG) and Aγ (HindIIIA) genes, AvaII in the c.315+1G>A of β-globin gene and BamHI 3' to the β-globin gene. All statistical analyses were performed using Power Marker software and SISA server. Results: Fifty percent of beta-thalasemia patients were associated with these mutations. Haplotype I was the most prevalent haplotype among beta-thalassemia patients (39.33%) and normal individuals (46%). The commonest c.315+1G>A mutation in our population was tightly linked with haplotype III (43.75%) and haplotype I (31.25%). The second prevalent mutation, c.92+5G>C, was 90%, 6.66%, and 3.33% in linkage disequilibrium with haplotypes I, VII, and III, respectively. The c.93-21G>A mutation indicated a strong association with haplotype I (80%). Conclusion: Our study participants like beta-thalassemia patients from Kermanshah province was found to possess a similar haplotype background for common mutations. The emergence of most prevalent mutations on chromosomes with different haplotypes can be explained by gene conversion and recombination. High linkage of a mutation with specific haplotype is consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomes carrying beta-thalassemia mutations experienced positive selection pressure, probably because of the protection against malaria experienced by beta-thalassemia carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sajadpour
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amini-Farsani
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Yadollahi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farrokh Yadollahi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Haig H Kazazian
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shaikho EM, Farrell JJ, Alsultan A, Qutub H, Al-Ali AK, Figueiredo MS, Chui DHK, Farrer LA, Murphy GJ, Mostoslavsky G, Sebastiani P, Steinberg MH. A phased SNP-based classification of sickle cell anemia HBB haplotypes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:608. [PMID: 28800727 PMCID: PMC5553663 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell anemia causes severe complications and premature death. Five common β-globin gene cluster haplotypes are each associated with characteristic fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels. As HbF is the major modulator of disease severity, classifying patients according to haplotype is useful. The first method of haplotype classification used restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-globin gene cluster. This is labor intensive, and error prone. Methods We used genome-wide SNP data imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel to obtain phased data distinguishing parental alleles. Results We successfully haplotyped 813 sickle cell anemia patients previously classified by RFLPs with a concordance >98%. Four SNPs (rs3834466, rs28440105, rs10128556, and rs968857) marking four different restriction enzyme sites unequivocally defined most haplotypes. We were able to assign a haplotype to 86% of samples that were either partially or misclassified using RFLPs. Conclusion Phased data using only four SNPs allowed unequivocal assignment of a haplotype that was not always possible using a larger number of RFLPs. Given the availability of genome-wide SNP data, our method is rapid and does not require high computational resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmutaz M Shaikho
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John J Farrell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Sickle Cell Disease Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Qutub
- Al-Omran Scientific Chair, King Faisal University, Al-Ahssa and Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- Al-Omran Scientific Chair, King Faisal University, Al-Ahssa and Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - David H K Chui
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Haddad F, Trabelsi N, Chaouch L, Darragi I, Oueslati M, Boudriga I, Chaouachi D, El-Borgi W, Hafsia R, Abbes S, Ouragini H. Homozygous Mutation on the β-Globin Polyadenylation Signal in a Tunisian Patient with β-Thalassemia Intermedia and Coinheritance of Gilbert's Syndrome. Hemoglobin 2017; 41:147-150. [PMID: 28592168 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2017.1322610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report here the clinical, hematological and molecular data in a 50-year-old patient with β-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) caused by a homozygous β+ mutation on the β-globin gene polyadenylation (polyA) signal (AATAAA>AAAAAA). β Haplotype analysis was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Haplotype and framework analysis showed that this mutation is associated with the [- - - - + + +] β haplotype and framework 1 (CCGCT) (FW1). This mutation was previously reported in the heterozygous state in association with the codon 9 (+TA) mutation in a β-TI patient originating from Tunisia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing this mutation in the homozygous state. The case reported here, coinherited Gilbert's syndrome, which is characterized by hyperbilirubinemia. This conclusion was reached by the investigation of the promoter region [A(TA)nTAA] motif of the UGT1A1 gene, showing the (TA)6/(TA)7 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Haddad
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Nawel Trabelsi
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Leila Chaouch
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Imen Darragi
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Meriem Oueslati
- b Laboratory of Biological Hematology , Aziza Othmana Hospital-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Imen Boudriga
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Dorra Chaouachi
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Wijdene El-Borgi
- b Laboratory of Biological Hematology , Aziza Othmana Hospital-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hafsia
- b Laboratory of Biological Hematology , Aziza Othmana Hospital-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Salem Abbes
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Houyem Ouragini
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology , Pasteur Institute of Tunis-Tunis El Manar University , Tunis , Tunisia
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Liu H, Huang K, Liu S, Sun H, Lin K, Huang X, Chu J, Yang Z. Gene frequency and haplotype distribution of hemoglobin E among seven minority groups of Yunnan, China. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:927-931. [PMID: 27273162 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and origin of hemoglobin E (HbE) in seven minority groups from various geographical regions of the malaria-endemic Yunnan province, southwestern China, which have similar ethnic origins and geographic relationships with HbE-prevalent populations of Southeast Asian countries. METHODS By using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods, the prevalence of HbE was examined in 1488 individuals from seven native minority groups of Yunnan, and β-globin gene cluster haplotypes were determined on 1420 chromosomes. RESULTS The prevalence of HbE in the study populations ranged from 1.5 to 39.1%. Higher HbE prevalence was correlated with the minority groups of Tibeto-Burman origin and groups from the Dehong district. The βE -globin genes in Yunnan were mostly associated with three haplotypes [-+++++-], [+----+-], and [-+-+++-] on chromosomes with gene framework 2. Interestingly, the predominant βE associated haplotype in Yunnan minorities was remarkably different from that in other previously reported populations. This study, for the first time, reports population-based data on the heterogeneity of HbE gene frequencies and haplotype distribution in native minorities from southwestern China. CONCLUSIONS Natural selection based on the presence of malaria, ethnic origin, and epistatic interactions may be factors of varying importance for the remarkable variation in HbE frequency among these minority groups. In addition, there appears to be a common origin of the βE -globin gene in populations from Yunnan and Southeast Asia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:927-931, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Liu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Huang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Lin
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayou Chu
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- The Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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Orkin SH. 2014 William Allan Award: A hematologist's pursuit of hemoglobin genetics. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:354-60. [PMID: 25748351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Souza Goncalves M. Comment on "Molecular analysis and association with clinical and laboratory manifestations in children with sickle cell anemia". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2014; 36:315-8. [PMID: 25305161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Jouini L, Sahli CA, Laaouini N, Ouali F, Youssef IB, Dakhlaoui B, Othmeni R, Ouennich F, Fredj SH, Siala H, Becher M, Toumi NE, Fattoum S, Hafsia R, Bibi A, Messaoud T. Association between clinical expression and molecular heterogeneity in β-thalassemia Tunisian patients. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Weatherall DJ. The Role of the Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin, the First “Molecular Diseases,” in the Future of Human Genetics. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2013; 14:1-24. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Weatherall
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
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Aggarwal A, Khurana P, Mitra S, Raicha B, Saraswathy K, Italia YM, Kshatriya GK. Distribution of beta-globin haplotypes among the tribes of southern Gujarat, India. Gene 2013; 521:287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Akhavan-Niaki H, Banihashemi A, Azizi M. Beta globin frameworks in thalassemia major patients from north iran. Iran J Pediatr 2012; 22:297-302. [PMID: 23399541 PMCID: PMC3564082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Four combinations of five neutral sequence changes at rs713040, rs10768683, rs7480526, rs7946748, and rs1609812 occurring in the human beta globin gene defined as frameworks have been reported in beta globin gene. Here we report for the frequency of these frameworks in thalassemia major patients of North Iran. METHODS Beta globin gene frameworks of 46 thalassemia major patients of North Iran were determined using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. FINDINGS All these frameworks called framework 1, 2, 3, 3a were present at the frequency of 23.9%, 45.7%, 6.5% and 23.9% respectively. CONCLUSION These frameworks may be used for tracking mutant alleles in prenatal diagnosis programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Genetic Laboratory, Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Corresponding Author:Address: Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Ali Banihashemi
- Genetic Laboratory, Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mandana Azizi
- Genetic Laboratory, Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Phylipsen M, Yamsri S, Treffers EE, Jansen DTSL, Kanhai WA, Boon EMJ, Giordano PC, Fucharoen S, Bakker E, Harteveld CL. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia and sickle-cell disease using pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization and melting curve analysis. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:578-87. [PMID: 22517437 DOI: 10.1002/pd.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization (PAP) assay for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of β-thalassemia major and sickle-cell disease (SCD). PAP is able to detect mutations in free fetal DNA in a highly contaminating environment of maternal plasma DNA. METHODS Pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization primers were designed for 12 informative SNPs, genotyped by melting curve analysis (MCA) in both parents. The PAP assay was tested in a series of 13 plasma DNA samples collected from pregnant women. A retrospective NIPD was performed in a couple at risk for SCD. RESULTS All PAP reactions were optimized and able to detect <3% target gDNA in a background of >97% wildtype gDNA. In all 13 cases, the paternal allele was detected by PAP in maternal plasma at 10 to 18 weeks of gestation. For the couple at risk, PAP showed presence of the normal paternal SNP allele in maternal plasma, which was confirmed by results of the chorionic villus sampling analysis. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other methods used for NIPD, the combined PAP and MCA analysis detecting the normal paternal allele is also applicable for couples at risk carrying the same mutation, provided that a previously born child is available for testing to determine the linkage to the paternal SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Phylipsen
- Hemoglobinopathies Laboratory, Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Moatter T, Kausar T, Aban M, Ghani S, Pal JA. Prenatal screening for β-thalassemia major reveals new and rare mutations in the Pakistani population. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:394-8. [PMID: 22392582 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in Pakistan, where more than 6000 affected children are born annually, and the carrier population is around 10 million. The objective was to study β-globin gene mutations in chorionic villous biopsy samples. Prenatal screening of 383 pregnant women between 2003 and 2010 was carried out using a panel of 13 mutation primers and amplification refractory mutations system (ARMS)-PCR. In addition, DNA sequencing was used to confirm uncharacterized mutations and in some cases fetal disease status was confirmed by linkage analysis. Families enrolled in this study represented major ethnic groups in Pakistan. Of the 13 mutations tested, three mutations accounted 71% of the total, including IVS1-5(G-C)[HBB:c.92+5G>C], codon 8/9(+G) [HBB:c.27_28insG] and del 619[NG_000007.3:g71609-72227del619]. Mutations in four uncharacterized samples were later confirmed by DNA sequencing as -88(C-T)[HBB:c.-138C>G], -90(C-T)[HBB:c.-140C>T] and codon 59(+T)[HBB:c.178_179insT]. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these mutations in Pakistan. Moreover, 19.2% fetal samples were normal and 52.3% heterozygous, whereas 26.4% were affected with thalassemia major. IVS1-5:IVS1-5 was the most common genotype in fetal samples. Prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia using ARMS PCR is an efficient approach for reducing the burden of this disease in Pakistan. In addition, rare mutations reported in this study should be incorporated in the diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Moatter
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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24
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Imen M, Ikbel BMM, Leila C, Fethi M, Amine Z, Mohamed B, Salem A. Restriction mapping of βS locus among Tunisian sickle-cell patients. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:815-9. [PMID: 21965081 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The polymorphism of the β-globin gene haplotypes and frameworks is useful in the determination of the unicentric and multicentric origin of a mutational event. In our study, the haplotypes linked to the Tunisian β(S) mutation are determined to improve our knowledge of the chromosomal background of the β-globin gene in sickle-cell anemia in Tunisia. METHODS The authors have investigated 242 unrelated individuals. Haplotype analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based methods. Seven polymorphic sites in the β-globin gene cluster were examined. The correlation of these various haplotypes with Hb F expression was studied. RESULTS The Benin haplotype (Ben) was largely predominant (60.54%) followed by the Atypical haplotype A (8.43%) and Bantu (Ban) (2.71%) haplotypes. A total of 94 chromosomes had atypical haplotypes, 78 (23.49%) had A1 [-----++], 11 (3.31%) had A2 [-------], and five (1.5%) had B1 [--+--++]. The Benin haplotype is associated with a fairly low HbF levels. CONCLUSION The very high frequency of the Benin haplotype in our study suggests that the β(S) mutation present in Tunisia may have originated from the Benin region and was brought to Tunisia along the slave trade routes. However, another atypical haplotype observed a new emergence in our population and could be considered as specific to Tunisian chromosome β(S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumni Imen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis Elmanar, Tunisia
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Joly P, Lacan P, Garcia C, Delasaux A, Francina A. Rapid and reliable β-globin gene cluster haplotyping of sickle cell disease patients by FRET Light Cycler and HRM assays. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1257-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The thalassemias are attributable to the defective production of the α- and β-globin polypeptides of hemoglobin. Significant discoveries have illuminated the pathophysiology and enhanced the prevention and treatment of the thalassemias, and this article reviews many of the advances that have occurred in the past 50 years. However, the application of new approaches to the treatment of these disorders has been slow, particularly in the developing world where the diseases are common, but there is definite progress. This article emphasizes how the increasing knowledge of cellular and molecular biology are facilitating the development of more effective therapies for these patients.
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Bilgen T, Arikan Y, Canatan D, Yeşilipek A, Keser I. The association between intragenic SNP haplotypes and mutations of the beta globin gene in a Turkish population. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 46:226-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rusanova I, Escames G, Cossio G, de Borace RG, Moreno B, Chahboune M, López LC, Díez T, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Oxidative stress status, clinical outcome, and β-globin gene cluster haplotypes in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:529-37. [PMID: 20846340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate the clinical and hematological features of β-globin gene haplotypes with the oxidative stress status in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS A total of 95 patients with SCD and 40 healthy children were studied. The β-globin cluster, plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO) and plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and erythrocyte content of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reductase (GRd), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. RESULTS Plasma LPO (P < 0.001) and NOx (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In erythrocytes of patients with SCD, the activities of GRd (P < 0.001) and SOD (P < 0.05) were lower, and the GSSG/GSH ratio (P < 0.001) and GPx activity (P < 0.001) were higher than in controls. High LPO levels and low SOD plus GRd activities were associated with increased severity of clinical manifestations, which correspond mainly to patients with Bantu and Benin haplotypes. LPO levels were reduced in patients with high fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, whereas the NOx levels and GRd activity tended to increase in this group. CONCLUSION Our results detected an important oxidative stress in patients with SCD and suggest that at least three redox markers, i.e., LPO, GRd, and SOD, were related with their clinical outcomes. Moreover, a relationship between high HbF and low LPO, and high HbF and high GRd activity and NOx levels were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Rusanova
- Departamento de Biomédica, Universidad Especializada de las Américas, Panamá, República de Panamá
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Magaña MT, Ibarra B, Luévano KE. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium between the 5′ and 3′ haplotypes of the β-globin gene cluster in Mexican afromestizos. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The polymorphism of the beta-globin gene haplotypes and frameworks are useful in the determination of the unicentric and multicentric origin of a mutational event. In order to improve our knowledge of the chromosomal background of the beta-globin gene in three beta-thalassemia (thal) mutations originally reported in Tunisia, namely codons 25/26 (+T), codon 30 (G-->C) and IVS-I-2 (T-->G), we have investigated 13 unrelated individuals. There were five non transfusion-dependent patients homozygous for the IVS-I-2 (T-->G) mutation, five others were homozygous for the codon 30 (G-->C) mutation, one was a homozygote for the codons 25/26 (+T) insertion mutation and one patient was a compound heterozygote for the codon 39 (C-->T) and codon 25/26 (+T) mutations; the last patient had a betaS/codon 25/26 (+T) compound heterozygous genotype. Haplotype analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based methods. The framework polymorphism was established by direct sequencing. beta-Globin gene analyses demonstrated that all IVS-I-2 (T-->G) cases were associated with haplotype IX; the codon 30 (G-->C) mutation was supported by haplotype I, while the codons 25/26 (+T) mutation was linked to haplotypes I and IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bibi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital d'Enfants, Tunisie
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Martins JTN, Bordin S, de Albuquerque DM, Saad STO, Costa FF. DNAase I Hypersensitive Site 3′ to the β-Globin Gene Cluster Containing Two TAA Insertions and a G→A Polymorphism is Predominantly Associated with the β+-Thalassemia IVS-I-6 (T→C) Mutation. Hemoglobin 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/hem-47059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Haig H Kazazian
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Genetic mapping provides a powerful approach to identify genes and biological processes underlying any trait influenced by inheritance, including human diseases. We discuss the intellectual foundations of genetic mapping of Mendelian and complex traits in humans, examine lessons emerging from linkage analysis of Mendelian diseases and genome-wide association studies of common diseases, and discuss questions and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Carestia C, Pagano L, Ioretti GF, Mastrobuoni A. β-Thalassaemia in Campania: DNA polymorphism analysis in βA and βthat chromosomes and its usefulness in prenatal diagnosis. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1987.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tamagnini GP, Lopes MC, Castanheira ME, Wainscoat JS, Wood WG. β + Thalassaemia-Portuguese type: clinical, haematological and molecular studies of a newly defined form of β thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1983.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Old JM, Wainscoat JS. A NEW DNA POLYMORPHISM IN THE β-GLOBIN GENE CLUSTER CAN BE USED FOR ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF β-THALASSAEMIA. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1983.00317.x-i1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Athanassiadou A, Zarkadis I, Papahadjopoulou A, Maniatis GM. DNA haplotype heterogeneity of β-thalassaemia in Greece: feasibility of prenatal diagnosis. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1987.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Our understanding of the details of mammalian meiotic recombination has recently advanced significantly. Sperm typing technologies, linkage studies, and computational inferences from population genetic data have together provided information in unprecedented detail about the location and activity of the sites of crossing-over in mice and humans. The results show that the vast majority of meiotic recombination events are localized to narrow DNA regions (hot spots) that constitute only a small fraction of the genome. The data also suggest that the molecular basis of hot spot activity is unlikely to be strictly determined by specific DNA sequence motifs in cis. Further molecular studies are needed to understand how hot spots originate, function and evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Arnheim
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA.
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41
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Abstract
This study describes the largest series reported to date, of individuals belonging to unrelated families carrying a beta-thalassaemia-like phenotype in whom the beta-globin gene was found to be structurally intact by sequence analysis. This genetic determinant appears haematologically heterogeneous, displaying either a silent beta-thalassaemia-like phenotype or a typical beta-thalassaemia carrier-like phenotype in different families. Compound heterozygosity for both beta-thalassaemia-like determinant and typical beta-thalassaemia allele resulted either in thalassaemia intermedia or thalassaemia major. By linkage analysis both the silent and the typical beta-like determinants were found not to be linked to the beta-globin cluster. Sequence analysis of the hypersensitive site cores of locus control region and of the genes coding for the transcription factors erythroid Kruppel-like factor and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) were normal. beta-globin mRNA levels determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction were reduced in both types of beta-like carriers. These results indicate the existence of causative genetic determinants not yet molecularly defined, but most likely, resulting from either the reduction or loss of function of a gene coding for unknown transcriptional regulator(s) of the beta-globin gene. The knowledge of these rare beta-thalassaemia-like determinants have implications for clinical and, especially, prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Faà
- Istituto di Neurogenetica e Neurofarmacologia, CNR, Cagliari, Italy
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Papachatzopoulou A, Menounos PG, Kolonelou C, Patrinos GP. Mutation screening in the human epsilon-globin gene using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:136-8. [PMID: 16432873 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human epsilon-globin gene is necessary for primitive human erythropoiesis in the yolk sac. Herein we report a non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) approach to screen the human epsilon-globin gene and its regulatory regions for possible mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in normal adult subjects, in order to determine those genomic regions, which are not necessary for its proper regulation and function. We identified no sequence variations apart from the expected 5'epsilon /HincII polymorphism in the fragments analyzed, suggesting that genomic alterations in the epsilon-globin gene are most likely incompatible with normal erythropoiesis and proper embryonic development.
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Fattori A, Kimura EM, Albuquerque DMD, Ogo SH, Stoppa GR, Martins JT, Lima CSP, Saad STO, Costa FF, Sonati MDF. Polycythemia and Hb Coimbra [beta 99 (G1) Asp -> Glu] in Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572006000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rooks H, Bergounioux J, Game L, Close JP, Osborne C, Best S, Senior T, Height S, Thompson R, Hadzic N, Fraser P, Bolton-Maggs P, Thein SL. Heterogeneity of the egammadeltabeta-thalassaemias: characterization of three novel English deletions. Br J Haematol 2005; 128:722-9. [PMID: 15725095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized three novel epsilon gamma delta beta-thalassaemia deletions in three English families. Two of the deletions, 114 and 439 kb, removed the entire beta-globin gene complex, including a variable number of flanking olfactory receptor (HOR) genes. The 98-kb deletion extended 90-kb upstream of the epsilon gene to 8 kb upstream of the G gamma-gene, leaving the gamma,delta and beta-genes intact. The 439 kb deletion is the largest deletion reported so far to cause epsilon gamma delta beta-thalassaemia; heterozygotes for this deletion were variably affected by neonatal haemolytic anaemia. Two of the deletions were de novo. Breakpoints of all three deletions occurred within regions of L1 or Alu repeats and contained short regions of direct homology between the flanking sequences, a feature that is likely to have contributed to the illegitimate recombinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rooks
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy's Kings' & St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK
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Falchi A, Giovannoni L, Vacca L, Latini V, Vona G, Varesi L. beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes associated with beta-thalassemia on Corsica island. Am J Hematol 2005; 78:27-32. [PMID: 15609277 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the Corsican population, the incidence of beta-thalassemia traits is reported to be 3.1%. We have investigated the 2 more important beta-thalassemia mutations present in the Corsican population: beta0-39 and beta+IVS1-110. Seven polymorphic sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were analyzed from a sample of 43 non-related beta-thalassemia heterozygotes and of 47 nonrelated healthy individuals, from Central Corsica (Corte). Among the 43 Corsican patients analyzed, the nonsense codon is predominant (88.40%), whereas the beta+IVS1-110 mutation, the most common of beta-thalassemia in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, is underrepresented (2.33%). The other individuals did not show positive for the two tested mutations (9.27%). The beta0-39 mutation in the studied population shows a strong association with haplotype II (18.7%) and a weaker association with haplotypes I (2.3%) and VII (2.1%). The strong association of the beta0-39 mutation with haplotype II was also found in Sardinia, suggesting that the mutation on the two islands have the same origin. In the present study all the data concerning frequencies of the mutations and of sequence haplotypes, support the hypothesis of a western Mediterranean origin of the beta0-39 mutation. For the first time, this paper analyzes the association of beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes with the 2 more frequent beta-thalassemia mutations in an isolated population in the centre of Corsica (Corte), which presents certain genetic peculiarities. However, the analysis of beta-haplotypes will be very useful for the genetic epidemiological study in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Falchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Corsica, Corte Corsica, France
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Weatherall
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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47
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Abstract
We describe a novel deletion causing (epsilongammadeltabeta) degrees thalassaemia segregating in three generations of a Chilean family of Spanish descent. Heterozygotes for the deletion were all affected by neonatal haemolytic anaemia. The deletion of 152,569 bp extends from 77 kb upstream of the epsilon gene to 31 kb downstream of the beta gene, and includes the entire beta-globin gene cluster and two upstream olfactory receptor genes. Comparison of the sequences of the deletion junction with those of the flanking normal DNA suggests that the deletion results from a non-homologous recombination event. The insertion of 16 'orphan' nucleotides in the deletion junction creates a perfect inverted repeat of 12 nucleotides, forming a 12-bp stem with a four-nucleotide loop that could have contributed to the illegitimate recombination. The 3' breakpoint is located within an L1 family repeat that contains a perfect 160-bp palindrome, and is in close proximity to the 3' breakpoints of five other deletions in the beta cluster - Indian (HPFH-3), Italian (HPFH-4) and Vietnamese GgammaAgamma (deltabeta) degrees HPFH, German and Belgian Ggamma (Alphagammadeltabeta) degrees thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Game
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, Guy's, Kings' & St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Arnheim N, Calabrese P, Nordborg M. Hot and cold spots of recombination in the human genome: the reason we should find them and how this can be achieved. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:5-16. [PMID: 12772086 PMCID: PMC1180590 DOI: 10.1086/376419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2003] [Accepted: 04/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Arnheim
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, 835 West 37th Street, SHS 172, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1340, USA.
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Inati A, Taher A, Bou Alawi W, Koussa S, Kaspar H, Shbaklo H, Zalloua PA. Beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes and HbF levels are not the only modulators of sickle cell disease in Lebanon. Eur J Haematol 2003; 70:79-83. [PMID: 12581188 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of the beta-globin chain. Despite the fact that all subjects with SCD have the same single base pair mutation, the severity of the clinical and hematological manifestations is extremely variable. This study examined for the first time in Lebanon the correlation between the clinical manifestation of SCD and the beta-globin gene haplotypes. The haplotypes of 50 patients diagnosed with SCD were determined using polymerase chain reaction amplification of fragments containing nine polymorphic restriction sites around and within the epsilon-Ggamma-Agamma-psibeta-delta-beta-globin gene complex. Most reported haplotypes were found in our population with the Benin haplotype as the most prevalent one. When the patients were divided according to their HbF levels into three groups (Group A: HbF < 5%, Group B: HbF between 5 and 15%, and Group C: HbF > 15%), surprisingly, the highest levels of HbF were associated with the most severe clinical cases. Our findings suggest that fetal hemoglobin levels are important but not the only parameters that affect the severity of the disease. In addition, the high levels of HbF in patients with CAR haplotypes did not seem to ameliorate the severity of symptoms, suggesting that genetic factors other than haplotypes are the major determinants of increased HbF levels in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Inati
- Hematology Unit, Chronic Care Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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50
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Crawford DC, Caggana M, Harris KB, Lorey F, Nash C, Pass KA, Tempelis C, Olney RS. Characterization of beta-globin haplotypes using blood spots from a population-based cohort of newborns with homozygous HbS. Genet Med 2002; 4:328-35. [PMID: 12394345 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200209000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A population-based cohort from three state newborn screening programs was used to describe beta-globin gene cluster variation. METHODS Blood spots from newborns homozygous for HbS were genotyped for five restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to construct beta-globin haplotypes. Haplotype distributions were compared by race/ethnicity and sex. Expected heterozygosities were calculated and compared with observed heterozygosities. RESULTS Haplotype distributions did not differ between sexes for either blacks or Hispanics. Neither racial/ethnic group deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; however, Hispanics had higher heterozygosity at two RFLPs compared with blacks. CONCLUSION The differences between populations probably reflect recent migration and admixture rather than selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Crawford
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Division of Applied Public Health Training, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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