1
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Linney JA, Routledge SJ, Connell SD, Larson TR, Pitt AR, Jenkinson ER, Goddard AD. Identification of membrane engineering targets for increased butanol tolerance in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2023; 1865:184217. [PMID: 37648011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of microbial cell factories to produce butanol, an industrial solvent and platform chemical. Biobutanol can also be used as a biofuel and represents a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to the use of conventional fossil fuels. Solventogenic Clostridia are the most popular microorganisms used due to the native expression of butanol synthesis pathways. A major drawback to the wide scale implementation and development of these technologies is the toxicity of butanol. Various membrane properties and related functions are perturbed by the interaction of butanol with the cell membrane, causing lower yields and higher purification costs. This is ultimately why the technology remains underemployed. This study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of butanol toxicity at the membrane to determine future targets for membrane engineering. Changes to the lipidome in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (HMT) throughout butanol fermentation were investigated with thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. By the end of fermentation, levels of phosphatidylglycerol lipids had increased significantly, suggesting an important role of these lipid species in tolerance to butanol. Using membrane models and in vitro assays to investigate characteristics such as permeability, fluidity, and swelling, it was found that altering the composition of membrane models can convey tolerance to butanol, and that modulating membrane fluidity appears to be a key factor. Data presented here will ultimately help to inform rational strain engineering efforts to produce more robust strains capable of producing higher butanol titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Linney
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sarah J Routledge
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Simon D Connell
- School of Physics and Astronomy and The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tony R Larson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Yeo WS, Dyzenhaus S, Torres VJ, Brinsmade SR, Bae T. Regulation of Bacterial Two-Component Systems by Cardiolipin. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0004623. [PMID: 36975788 PMCID: PMC10112254 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00046-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of membrane protein activity for cellular functions is critically dependent on the composition of phospholipid membranes. Cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid found in bacterial membranes and mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in stabilizing membrane proteins and maintaining their function. In the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the SaeRS two-component system (TCS) controls the expression of key virulence factors essential for the bacterium's virulence. The SaeS sensor kinase activates the SaeR response regulator via phosphoryl transfer to bind its gene target promoters. In this study, we report that cardiolipin is critical for sustaining the full activity of SaeRS and other TCSs in S. aureus. The sensor kinase protein SaeS binds directly to cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol, enabling SaeS activity. Elimination of cardiolipin from the membrane reduces SaeS kinase activity, indicating that bacterial cardiolipin is necessary for modulating the kinase activities of SaeS and other sensor kinases during infection. Moreover, the deletion of cardiolipin synthase genes cls1 and cls2 leads to reduced cytotoxicity to human neutrophils and lower virulence in a mouse model of infection. These findings suggest a model where cardiolipin modulates the kinase activity of SaeS and other sensor kinases after infection to adapt to the hostile environment of the host and expand our knowledge of how phospholipids contribute to membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA
| | - Sophie Dyzenhaus
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Taeok Bae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA
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3
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Rojas-Solis D, Vences-Guzmán MÁ, Sohlenkamp C, Santoyo G. Cardiolipin synthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 plays a relevant role in stimulating plant growth under salt stress. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127295. [PMID: 36587534 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane cardiolipin (CL) phospholipids play a fundamental role in the adaptation of bacteria to various environmental conditions, including saline stress. Here, we constructed deletion mutants of two CL synthetase genes, clsA (UM270 ∆clsA) and clsB (UM270 ∆clsB), in the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270, and evaluated their role in plant growth promotion under salt stress. UM270 ∆clsA and UM270 ∆clsB mutants showed a significant reduction in CL synthesis compared to the P. fluorescens UM270 wild-type (UM270 wt) strain (58% ∆clsA and 53% ∆clsB), and their growth rate was not affected, except when grown at 100 and 200 mM NaCl. Additionally, the root colonization capacity of both mutant strains was impaired compared with that of the wild type. Concomitant with the deletion of clsA and clsB genes, some physiological changes were observed in the UM270 ∆clsA and UM270 ∆clsB mutants, such as a reduction in indole acetic acid and biofilm production. By contrast, an increase in siderophore biosynthesis was observed. Further, inoculation of the UM270 wt strain in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown under salt stress conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl) resulted in an increase in root and shoot length, chlorophyll content, and dry weight. On the contrary, when each of the mutants were inoculated in tomato plants, a reduction in root length was observed when grown at 200 mM NaCl, but the shoot length, chlorophyll content, and total plant dry weight parameters were significantly reduced under normal or saline conditions (100 and 200 mM NaCl), compared to UM270 wt-inoculated plants. In conclusion, these results suggest that CL synthesis in P. fluorescens UM270 plays an important role in the promotion of tomato plant growth under normal conditions, but to a greater extent, under salt-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Solis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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4
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Yeo WS, Dyzenhaus S, Torres VJ, Brinsmade SR, Bae T. Regulation of Bacterial Two-Component Systems by Cardiolipin. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.01.526740. [PMID: 36778227 PMCID: PMC9915654 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The composition of phospholipid membranes is critical to regulating the activity of membrane proteins for cellular functions. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid present within the bacterial membrane and mitochondria of eukaryotes and plays a role in maintaining the function and stabilization of membrane proteins. Here, we report that, in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, cardiolipin is required for full activity of the SaeRS two-component system (TCS). Deletion of the cardiolipin synthase genes, cls1 , and cls2 , reduces the basal activity of SaeRS and other TCSs. Cardiolipin is an indispensable requisite for Sae activation mediated by human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) in the stationary growth phase but not mandatory for Sae induction in the exponential growth phase. Ectopic expression with cls2 , but not with cls1 , in the cls1 cls2 double mutant fully restores Sae activity. Elimination of cardiolipin from the membranes results in decreased kinase activity of the sensor protein SaeS. Purified SaeS protein directly binds to cardiolipin as well as phosphatidylglycerol. A strain lacking cls2 or cls1cls2 renders S. aureus less cytotoxic to human neutrophils and less virulent in a mouse model of infection. Our findings suggest that cardiolipin enables a pathogen to confer virulence by modulating the kinase activity of SaeS and other sensor kinases upon infection.
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5
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Nguyen PP, Kado T, Prithviraj M, Siegrist MS, Morita YS. Inositol acylation of phosphatidylinositol mannosides: a rapid mass response to membrane fluidization in mycobacteria. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100262. [PMID: 35952902 PMCID: PMC9490103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria share an unusually complex, multilayered cell envelope, which contributes to adaptation to changing environments. The plasma membrane is the deepest layer of the cell envelope and acts as the final permeability barrier against outside molecules. There is an obvious need to maintain the plasma membrane integrity, but the adaptive responses of the plasma membrane to stress exposure remain poorly understood. Using chemical treatment and heat stress to fluidize the membrane, we show here that phosphatidylinositol (PI)-anchored plasma membrane glycolipids known as PI mannosides (PIMs) are rapidly remodeled upon membrane fluidization in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Without membrane stress, PIMs are predominantly in a triacylated form: two acyl chains of the PI moiety plus one acyl chain modified at one of the mannose residues. Upon membrane fluidization, we determined the fourth fatty acid is added to the inositol moiety of PIMs, making them tetra-acylated variants. Additionally, we show that PIM inositol acylation is a rapid response independent of de novo protein synthesis, representing one of the fastest mass conversions of lipid molecules found in nature. Strikingly, we found that M. smegmatis is more resistant to the bactericidal effect of a cationic detergent after benzyl alcohol pre-exposure. We further demonstrate that fluidization-induced PIM inositol acylation is conserved in pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Our results demonstrate that mycobacteria possess a mechanism to sense plasma membrane fluidity change. We suggest that inositol acylation of PIMs is a novel membrane stress response that enables mycobacterial cells to resist membrane fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Takehiro Kado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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6
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Liu L, Ma X, Bilal M, Wei L, Tang S, Luo H, Zhao Y, Duan X. Mechanistic Insight into Phenolic Compounds Toxicity and State-of-the-art Strategies for Enhancing the Tolerance of Escherichia coli to Phenolic Compounds. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Yeh V, Goode A, Johnson D, Cowieson N, Bonev BB. The Role of Lipid Chains as Determinants of Membrane Stability in the Presence of Styrene. Langmuir 2022; 38:1348-1359. [PMID: 35045250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofermentative production of styrene from renewable carbon sources is crucially dependent on strain tolerance and viability at elevated styrene concentrations. Solvent-driven collapse of bacterial plasma membranes limits yields and is technologically restrictive. Styrene is a hydrophobic solvent that readily partitions into the membrane interior and alters membrane-chain order and packing. We investigate styrene incorporation into model membranes and the role lipid chains play as determinants of membrane stability in the presence of styrene. MD simulations reveal styrene phase separation followed by irreversible segregation into the membrane interior. Solid state NMR shows committed partitioning of styrene into the membrane interior with persistence of the bilayer phase up to 67 mol % styrene. Saturated-chain lipid membranes were able to retain integrity even at 80 mol % styrene, whereas in unsaturated lipid membranes, we observe the onset of a non-bilayer phase of small lipid aggregates in coexistence with styrene-saturated membranes. Shorter-chain saturated lipid membranes were seen to tolerate styrene better, which is consistent with observed chain length reduction in bacteria grown in the presence of small molecule solvents. Unsaturation at mid-chain position appears to reduce the membrane tolerance to styrene and conversion from cis- to trans-chain unsaturation does not alter membrane phase stability but the lipid order in trans-chains is less affected than cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Yeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Alice Goode
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - David Johnson
- Lucite International, Wilton Centre, Wilton, Redcar TS10 4RF, U.K
| | | | - Boyan B Bonev
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
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8
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Pal A, Bhattacharjee S, Saha J, Sarkar M, Mandal P. Bacterial survival strategies and responses under heavy metal stress: a comprehensive overview. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:327-355. [PMID: 34473592 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1970512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals bring long-term hazardous consequences and pose a serious threat to all life forms. Being non-biodegradable, they can remain in the food webs for a long period of time. Metal ions are essential for life and indispensable for almost all aspects of metabolism but can be toxic beyond threshold level to all living beings including microbes. Heavy metals are generally present in the environment, but many geogenic and anthropogenic activities has led to excess metal ion accumulation in the environment. To survive in harsh metal contaminated environments, bacteria have certain resistance mechanisms to metabolize and transform heavy metals into less hazardous forms. This also gives rise to different species of heavy metal resistant bacteria. Herein, we have tried to incorporate the different aspects of heavy metal toxicity in bacteria and provide an up-to-date and across-the-board review. The various aspects of heavy metal biology of bacteria encompassed in this review includes the biological notion of heavy metals, toxic effect of heavy metals on bacteria, the factors regulating bacterial heavy metal resistance, the diverse mechanisms governing bacterial heavy metal resistance, bacterial responses to heavy metal stress, and a brief overview of gene regulation under heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Pal
- Microbiology and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Sukanya Bhattacharjee
- Microbiology and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Jayanti Saha
- Microbiology and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Monalisha Sarkar
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Parimal Mandal
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
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9
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Abstract
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials used to overcome their infections. However, it is increasingly realized that many, probably most, such pumps have physiological roles that are distinct from protection of bacteria against antimicrobials administered by humans. Here we undertake a broad survey of the proteins involved, allied to detailed examples of their evolution, energetics, structures, chemical recognition, and molecular mechanisms, together with the experimental strategies that enable rapid and economical progress in understanding their true physiological roles. Once these roles are established, the knowledge can be harnessed to design more effective drugs, improve existing microbial production of drugs for clinical practice and of feedstocks for commercial exploitation, and even develop more sustainable biological processes that avoid, for example, utilization of petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J F Henderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Maher
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liam D H Elbourne
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney 2019, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bart A Eijkelkamp
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney 2019, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karl A Hassan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney 2019, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Schalck T, den Bergh BV, Michiels J. Increasing Solvent Tolerance to Improve Microbial Production of Alcohols, Terpenoids and Aromatics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:249. [PMID: 33530454 PMCID: PMC7912173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuels and polymer precursors are widely used in daily life and in many industrial processes. Although these compounds are mainly derived from petrol, bacteria and yeast can produce them in an environment-friendly way. However, these molecules exhibit toxic solvent properties and reduce cell viability of the microbial producer which inevitably impedes high product titers. Hence, studying how product accumulation affects microbes and understanding how microbial adaptive responses counteract these harmful defects helps to maximize yields. Here, we specifically focus on the mode of toxicity of industry-relevant alcohols, terpenoids and aromatics and the associated stress-response mechanisms, encountered in several relevant bacterial and yeast producers. In practice, integrating heterologous defense mechanisms, overexpressing native stress responses or triggering multiple protection pathways by modifying the transcription machinery or small RNAs (sRNAs) are suitable strategies to improve solvent tolerance. Therefore, tolerance engineering, in combination with metabolic pathway optimization, shows high potential in developing superior microbial producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schalck
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Van den Bergh
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (T.S.); (B.V.d.B.)
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Abstract
Bioproduction of poly(methyl methacrylate) is a fast growing global industry that is limited by cellular toxicity of monomeric methacrylate intermediates to the producer strains. Maintaining high methacrylate concentrations during biofermentation, required by economically viable technologies, challenges bacterial membrane stability and cellular viability. Studying the stability of model lipid membranes in the presence of methacrylates offers unique molecular insights into the mechanisms of methacrylate toxicity, as well as into the fundamental structural bases of membrane assembly. We investigate the structure and stability of model membranes in the presence of high levels of methacrylate esters using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Wide-line 31P NMR spectroscopy shows that butyl methacrylate (BMA) can be incorporated into the lipid bilayer at concentrations as high as 75 mol % without significantly disrupting membrane integrity and that lipid acyl chain composition can influence membrane tolerance and ability to accommodate BMA. Using high resolution 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, we show that the presence of 75 mol % BMA lowers the lipid main transition temperature by over 12 degrees, which suggests that BMA intercalates between the lipid chains, causing uncoupling of collective lipid motions that are typically dominated by chain trans-gauche isomerization. Potential uncoupling of the bilayer leaflets to accommodate a separate BMA subphase was not supported by the SAXS experiments, which showed that membrane thickness remained unchanged even at 80% BMA. Reduced X-ray scattering contrast at the polar/apolar interface suggests BMA localization in that region between the lipid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Yeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Goode
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Eastham
- Lucite International, Wilton Centre, Wilton, Redcar TS10 4RF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Rambo
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuaki Inoue
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - James Doutch
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Boyan B Bonev
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Smułek W, Zdarta A, Grzywaczyk A, Guzik U, Siwińska-Ciesielczyk K, Ciesielczyk F, Strzemiecka B, Jesionowski T, Voelkel A, Kaczorek E. Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of hydrocarbons-exposed bacterial biomass. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111310. [PMID: 32911293 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the efforts for the removal of hazardous materials from the environment biological processes are a valuable tool. Although much attention has been paid to the changes in bacteria at the omics level, another, physical-chemical perspective on the issue is essential, as little is known of microbial response to continuous exposition on harmful substances. This study provides in-depth characterization of the physical-chemical parameters of bacterial biomass after hydrocarbons exposure. To provide comparability of the harmful effects of chlorotoluenes and xylenes non-exposed and 12-months hydrocarbons exposed cells were analyzed, using the advanced spectrometric methods, inverse gas chromatography and low-temperature N2 sorption to evaluate acid-base as well as dispersive properties of the studied biomass. Presented results indicate P. fluorescens B01 cells strategy aimed at protecting the cell, thus lowering its' biodegradation efficiency as a result of metabolic stress. The outcome of the study was that prolonged exposure to pollutants might reduce the bioavailability of hydrocarbons to bacteria cells, and consequently decrease the effectiveness of decontamination of polluted sites by indigenous microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Adam Grzywaczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biochemistry, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Ciesielczyk
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Strzemiecka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Voelkel
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kaczorek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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13
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Nies SC, Dinger R, Chen Y, Wordofa GG, Kristensen M, Schneider K, Büchs J, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD, Blank LM, Ebert BE. Systems Analysis of NADH Dehydrogenase Mutants Reveals Flexibility and Limits of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120's Metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e03038-19. [PMID: 32245760 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03038-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate aerobic organisms rely on a functional electron transport chain for energy conservation and NADH oxidation. Because of this essential requirement, the genes of this pathway are likely constitutively and highly expressed to avoid a cofactor imbalance and energy shortage under fluctuating environmental conditions. We here investigated the essentiality of the three NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain of the obligate aerobe Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 and the impact of the knockouts of corresponding genes on its physiology and metabolism. While a mutant lacking all three NADH dehydrogenases seemed to be nonviable, the single or double knockout mutant strains displayed no, or only a weak, phenotype. Only the mutant deficient in both type 2 dehydrogenases showed a clear phenotype with biphasic growth behavior and a strongly reduced growth rate in the second phase. In-depth analyses of the metabolism of the generated mutants, including quantitative physiological experiments, transcript analysis, proteomics, and enzyme activity assays revealed distinct responses to type 2 and type 1 dehydrogenase deletions. An overall high metabolic flexibility enables P. taiwanensis to cope with the introduced genetic perturbations and maintain stable phenotypes, likely by rerouting of metabolic fluxes. This metabolic adaptability has implications for biotechnological applications. While the phenotypic robustness is favorable in large-scale applications with inhomogeneous conditions, the possible versatile redirecting of carbon fluxes upon genetic interventions can thwart metabolic engineering efforts.IMPORTANCE While Pseudomonas has the capability for high metabolic activity and the provision of reduced redox cofactors important for biocatalytic applications, exploitation of this characteristic might be hindered by high, constitutive activity of and, consequently, competition with the NADH dehydrogenases of the respiratory chain. The in-depth analysis of NADH dehydrogenase mutants of Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 presented here provides insight into the phenotypic and metabolic response of this strain to these redox metabolism perturbations. This high degree of metabolic flexibility needs to be taken into account for rational engineering of this promising biotechnological workhorse toward a host with a controlled and efficient supply of redox cofactors for product synthesis.
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Schempp FM, Hofmann KE, Mi J, Kirchner F, Meffert A, Schewe H, Schrader J, Buchhaupt M. Investigation of monoterpenoid resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas putida and their consequences for biotransformations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5519-5533. [PMID: 32296906 PMCID: PMC7275096 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are widely used in industrial applications, e.g. as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, in flavor and fragrance compositions, and in agriculture. Severe toxic effects are known for some monoterpenoids making them challenging compounds for biotechnological production processes. Some strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida show an inherent extraordinarily high tolerance towards solvents including monoterpenoids. An understanding of the underlying factors can help to create suitable strains for monoterpenoids de novo production or conversion. In addition, knowledge about tolerance mechanisms could allow a deeper insight into how bacteria can oppose monoterpenoid containing drugs, like tea tree oil. Within this work, the resistance mechanisms of P. putida GS1 were investigated using selected monoterpenoid-hypertolerant mutants. Most of the mutations were found in efflux pump promoter regions or associated transcription factors. Surprisingly, while for the tested monoterpenoid alcohols, ketone, and ether high efflux pump expression increased monoterpenoid tolerance, it reduced the tolerance against geranic acid. However, an increase of geranic acid tolerance could be gained by a mutation in an efflux pump component. It was also found that increased monoterpenoid tolerance can counteract efficient biotransformation ability, indicating the need for a fine-tuned and knowledge-based tolerance improvement for production strain development.Key points• Altered monoterpenoid tolerance mainly related to altered activity of efflux pumps.• Increased tolerance to geranic acid surprisingly caused by decreased export activity. • Reduction of export activity can be beneficial for biotechnological conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Miramella Schempp
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Elisabeth Hofmann
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jia Mi
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kirchner
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annika Meffert
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schewe
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jens Schrader
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Industrial Biotechnology, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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15
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Thorwall S, Schwartz C, Chartron JW, Wheeldon I. Stress-tolerant non-conventional microbes enable next-generation chemical biosynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:113-21. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Dyrda G, Boniewska-Bernacka E, Man D, Barchiewicz K, Słota R. The effect of organic solvents on selected microorganisms and model liposome membrane. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3225-32. [PMID: 30937654 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of methanol, ethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide and Nujol on the growth of Escherichia coli DH5α, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273 was investigated. All of the tested cultures appeared susceptible to the organic media they were treated with, which evinced in apparent hindering of cell development. The observed diverse solvent tolerance, except from their different biochemical activity, may also be related to the changes in cell membrane fluidity induced by the solvent species. Parallel electron paramagnetic resonance investigations using egg yolk lecithin model liposomes revealed that the fluidity of the phospholipid system in cell membranes may either be considerably decreased (Nujol, DMF, ethanol) or increased (acetone), thus rendering difficult the intracellular nutrient supply. Hence, even the chemically neutral Nujol produced a distinct cell-growth inhibitory effect. These results are fairly consistent with the outcome of the survival tests, particularly for the bacteria strains.
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17
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Heredia RM, Lucchesi GI. Pseudomonas putida Δ9-fatty acid desaturase: Gene cloning, expression, and function in the cationic surfactants stress. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:525-534. [PMID: 30779369 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida counteract the fluidizing effect of cationic surfactants decreasing the content of membrane unsaturated fatty acid (UFA). A Δ9-fatty acid desaturase gene (desA) from P. putida was isolated, cloned, and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, a Δ9 desaturase deficient organism. desA consists of 1185 bp and codes for 394 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals three histidine clusters and a hydropathy profile, typical of membrane-bound desaturases. Validating desA expression in E. coli cells, the amount of palmitoleic acid increased from 2.05 to 7.36%, with the concomitant increase in membrane fluidity (fluorescence polarization value decrease from 0.13 ± 0.03 to 0.09 ± 0.02). Also, when DesA activity was assayed in vivo, the percentage of UFA obtained from exogenous palmitic acid [1-14 C] increased 10-fold. In contrast, when cells expressing desA were exposed 15 min at sublethal concentration of cationic surfactants, the amount of UFA was 82% lower than that detected in cells non-exposed. Thus, the decrease in UFA content to counteract the fluidizing effect of cationic surfactants can be correlated with reduction of DesA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina M Heredia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria I Lucchesi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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18
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Kato S, Tobe H, Matsubara H, Sawada M, Sasaki Y, Fukiya S, Morita N, Yokota A. The membrane phospholipid cardiolipin plays a pivotal role in bile acid adaptation by Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131 T. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:403-412. [PMID: 29883797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids exhibit strong antimicrobial activity as natural detergents, and are involved in lipid digestion and absorption. We investigated the mechanism of bile acid adaptation in Lactobacillus gasseri JCM1131T. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of cholic acid (CA), a major bile acid in humans, resulted in development of resistance to otherwise-lethal concentrations of CA by this intestinal lactic acid bacterium. As this adaptation was accompanied by decreased cell-membrane damage, we analyzed the membrane lipid composition of L. gasseri. Although there was no difference in the proportions of glycolipids (~70%) and phospholipids (~20%), adaptation resulted in an increased abundance of long-sugar-chain glycolipids and a 100% increase in cardiolipin (CL) content (to ~50% of phospholipids) at the expense of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In model vesicles, the resistance of PG vesicles to solubilization by CA increased with increasing CL/PG ratio. Deletion of the two putative CL synthase genes, the products of which are responsible for CL synthesis from PG, decreased the CL content of the mutants, but did not affect their ability to adapt to CA. Exposure to CA restored the CL content of the two single-deletion mutants, likely due to the activities of the remaining CL synthase. In contrast, the CL content of the double-deletion mutant was not restored, and the lipid composition was modified such that PG predominated (~45% of total lipids) at the expense of glycolipids. Therefore, CL plays important roles in bile acid resistance and maintenance of the membrane lipid composition in L. gasseri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kato
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Haruhi Tobe
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Matsubara
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Mariko Sawada
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Sasaki
- Laboratory of Fermented Foods, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Satoru Fukiya
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yokota
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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19
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Reverón I, Plaza-Vinuesa L, Franch M, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R, López de Felipe F. Transcriptome-Based Analysis in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Reveals New Insights into Resveratrol Effects at System Level. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700992. [PMID: 29573169 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study was undertaken to expand our insights into the mechanisms involved in the tolerance to resveratrol (RSV) that operate at system-level in gut microorganisms and advance knowledge on new RSV-responsive gene circuits. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole genome transcriptional profiling was used to characterize the molecular response of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to RSV. DNA repair mechanisms were induced by RSV and responses were triggered to decrease the load of copper, a metal required for RSV-mediated DNA cleavage, and H2 S, a genotoxic gas. To counter the effects of RSV, L. plantarum strongly up- or downregulated efflux systems and ABC transporters pointing to transport control of RSV across the membrane as a key mechanism for RSV tolerance. L. plantarum also downregulated tRNAs, induced chaperones, and reprogrammed its transcriptome to tightly control ammonia levels. RSV induced a probiotic effector gene and a likely deoxycholate transporter, two functions that improve the host health status. CONCLUSION Our data identify novel protective mechanisms involved in RSV tolerance operating at system level in a gut microbe. These insights could influence the way RSV is used for a better management of gut microbial ecosystems to obtain associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Reverón
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Franch
- National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix López de Felipe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Microorganisms can produce hydrocarbons that can serve as replacements or additions to conventional liquid fuels for use in the transportation sector. However, a common problem in the microbial synthesis of biofuels is that these compounds often have toxic effects on the cell. In this study, we focused on mitigating the toxicity of the biojet fuel precursor pinene on Escherichia coli. We used genomic DNA from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which has innate solvent-tolerance properties, to create transgenic libraries in an E. coli host. We exposed cells containing the library to pinene, selecting for genes that improved tolerance. Importantly, we found that expressing the sigma factor RpoD from P. putida greatly expanded the diversity of tolerance genes recovered. With low expression of rpoDP.putida, we isolated a single pinene tolerance gene; with increased expression of the sigma factor our selection experiments returned multiple distinct tolerance mechanisms, including some that have been previously documented and also new mechanisms. Interestingly, high levels of rpoDP.putida induction resulted in decreased diversity. We found that the tolerance levels provided by some genes are highly sensitive to the level of induction of rpoDP.putida, while others provide tolerance across a wide range of rpoDP.putida levels. This method for unlocking diversity in tolerance screening using heterologous sigma factor expression was applicable to both plasmid and fosmid-based transgenic libraries. These results suggest that by controlling the expression of appropriate heterologous sigma factors, we can greatly increase the searchable genomic space within transgenic libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Tomko
- College
of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Mary J. Dunlop
- College
of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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21
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Hosseini R, Kuepper J, Koebbing S, Blank LM, Wierckx N, de Winde JH. Regulation of solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida S12 mediated by mobile elements. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1558-1568. [PMID: 28401676 PMCID: PMC5658596 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solvent‐tolerant bacteria are outstanding and versatile hosts for the bio‐based production of a broad range of generally toxic aromatic compounds. The energetically costly solvent tolerance mechanisms are subject to multiple levels of regulation, involving among other mobile genetic elements. The genome of the solvent‐tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12 contains many such mobile elements that play a major role in the regulation and adaptation to various stress conditions, including the regulation of expression of the solvent efflux pump SrpABC. We recently sequenced the genome of P. putida S12. Detailed annotation identified a threefold higher copy number of the mobile element ISS12 in contrast to earlier observations. In this study, we describe the mobile genetic elements and elaborate on the role of ISS12 in the establishment and maintenance of solvent tolerance in P. putida. We identified three different variants of ISS12 of which a single variant exhibits a high translocation rate. One copy of this variant caused a loss of solvent tolerance in the sequenced strain by disruption of srpA. Solvent tolerance could be restored by applying selective pressure, leading to a clean excision of the mobile element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohola Hosseini
- Microbial Biotechnology and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jannis Kuepper
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Koebbing
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes H de Winde
- Microbial Biotechnology and Health, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Banerjee A, Ghoshal AK. Bioremediation of petroleum wastewater by hyper-phenol tolerant Bacillus cereus: Preliminary studies with laboratory-scale batch process. Bioengineered 2017; 8:446-450. [PMID: 28095107 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1261224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum wastewater samples from oil refinery and oil exploration site were treated by hyper phenol-tolerant Bacillus cereus (AKG1 and AKG2) in laboratory-scale batch process to assess their bioremediation efficacy. Quality of the treated wastewater samples were analyzed in terms of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonium nitrogen content, and improvement of biological oxygen demand (BOD). Adaptation of these bacteria to the toxic environment through structural changes in their cell membranes was also highlighted. Among different combinations, the co-culture of AKG1 and AKG2 showed the best performance in degrading the wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Banerjee
- a Centre for the Environment , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Aloke K Ghoshal
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
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23
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Cuenca MDS, Roca A, Molina-Santiago C, Duque E, Armengaud J, Gómez-Garcia MR, Ramos JL. Understanding butanol tolerance and assimilation in Pseudomonas putida BIRD-1: an integrated omics approach. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:100-15. [PMID: 26986205 PMCID: PMC4720416 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida
BIRD‐1 has the potential to be used for the industrial production of butanol due to its solvent tolerance and ability to metabolize low‐cost compounds. However, the strain has two major limitations: it assimilates butanol as sole carbon source and butanol concentrations above 1% (v/v) are toxic. With the aim of facilitating BIRD‐1 strain design for industrial use, a genome‐wide mini‐Tn5 transposon mutant library was screened for clones exhibiting increased butanol sensitivity or deficiency in butanol assimilation. Twenty‐one mutants were selected that were affected in one or both of the processes. These mutants exhibited insertions in various genes, including those involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, transcription, cofactor synthesis and membrane integrity. An omics‐based analysis revealed key genes involved in the butanol response. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies were carried out to compare short and long‐term tolerance and assimilation traits. Pseudomonas putida initiates various butanol assimilation pathways via alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases that channel the compound to central metabolism through the glyoxylate shunt pathway. Accordingly, isocitrate lyase – a key enzyme of the pathway – was the most abundant protein when butanol was used as the sole carbon source. Upregulation of two genes encoding proteins PPUBIRD1_2240 and PPUBIRD1_2241 (acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and acyl‐CoA synthetase respectively) linked butanol assimilation with acyl‐CoA metabolism. Butanol tolerance was found to be primarily linked to classic solvent defense mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, membrane modifications and control of redox state. Our results also highlight the intensive energy requirements for butanol production and tolerance; thus, enhancing TCA cycle operation may represent a promising strategy for enhanced butanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Sol Cuenca
- Abengoa Research, Abengoa, C/ Energía Solar 1, Palmas Altas, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Amalia Roca
- Bio-Iliberis R&D. Polígono Juncaril, C/ Capileira 7, Peligros, Granada, 18210, Spain
| | | | - Estrella Duque
- Abengoa Research, Abengoa, C/ Energía Solar 1, Palmas Altas, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Jean Armengaud
- DSV, IBiTec-S, SPI, Li2D, Laboratory 'Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics', CEA, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30200, France
| | - María R Gómez-Garcia
- Abengoa Research, Abengoa, C/ Energía Solar 1, Palmas Altas, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Juan L Ramos
- Abengoa Research, Abengoa, C/ Energía Solar 1, Palmas Altas, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
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Noguchi K, Tsukagoshi N, Aono R. Deterioration of Tolerance to Hydrophobic Organic Solvents in a Toluene-Tolerant Strain of Pseudomonas putida under the Conditions Lowering Aerobic Respiration. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:1400-6. [PMID: 27389504 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The growth curve (increase in the number of viable cells) of a toluene-tolerant strain Pseudomonas putida Px51T was not reproducible in the presence of harmful organic solvents, such as p-xylene and toluene. The survival often fluctuated the during late exponential phase of growth. The repetitive growth was obtained by maintaining pO2 20-40% (v/v) in the culture flask. However, even under these aerobic conditions, the cells starved for a carbon source were killed by exposure to harmful solvents. The tolerance to organic solvents was lowered greatly by treatment with a proton conductor, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), or an electron transport chain inhibitor, sodium azide. Px51T treated with CCCP lost tolerance to a wide variety of organic solvents with log P ow of 2.6-4.2, which the organism usually tolerates. These results indicate that the solvent tolerance of Px51T depends upon on energy produced by aerobic respiration.
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25
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Sayqal A, Xu Y, Trivedi DK, AlMasoud N, Ellis DI, Rattray NJW, Goodacre R. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Participation of Efflux Pumps and Ornithine in the Response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E Cells to Challenge with Propranolol. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156509. [PMID: 27331395 PMCID: PMC4917112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps are critically important membrane components that play a crucial role in strain tolerance in Pseudomonas putida to antibiotics and aromatic hydrocarbons that result in these toxicants being expelled from the bacteria. Here, the effect of propranolol on P. putida was examined by sudden addition of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg mL-1 of this β-blocker to several strains of P. putida, including the wild type DOT-T1E and the efflux pump knockout mutants DOT-T1E-PS28 and DOT-T1E-18. Bacterial viability measurements reveal that the efflux pump TtgABC plays a more important role than the TtgGHI pump in strain tolerance to propranolol. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy was then used as a rapid, high-throughput screening tool to investigate any phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to varying levels of propranolol. Multivariate statistical analysis of these MIR data revealed gradient trends in resultant ordination scores plots, which were related to the concentration of propranolol. MIR illustrated phenotypic changes associated with the presence of this drug within the cell that could be assigned to significant changes that occurred within the bacterial protein components. To complement this phenotypic fingerprinting approach metabolic profiling was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify metabolites of interest during the growth of bacteria following toxic perturbation with the same concentration levels of propranolol. Metabolic profiling revealed that ornithine, which was only produced by P. putida cells in the presence of propranolol, presents itself as a major metabolic feature that has important functions in propranolol stress tolerance mechanisms within this highly significant and environmentally relevant species of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sayqal
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Xu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Drupad K. Trivedi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Ellis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Sayqal A, Xu Y, Trivedi DK, AlMasoud N, Ellis DI, Goodacre R. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E Strains: Understanding the Influence of Divalent Cations in Adaptation Mechanisms Following Exposure to Toluene. Metabolites 2016; 6:E14. [PMID: 27128955 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida strains can adapt and overcome the activity of toxic organic solvents by the employment of several resistant mechanisms including efflux pumps and modification to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in their membranes. Divalent cations such as magnesium and calcium play a crucial role in the development of solvent tolerance in bacterial cells. Here, we have used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy directly on cells (metabolic fingerprinting) to monitor bacterial response to the absence and presence of toluene, along with the influence of divalent cations present in the growth media. Multivariate analysis of the data using principal component-discriminant function analysis (PC-DFA) showed trends in scores plots, illustrating phenotypic alterations related to the effect of Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and toluene on cultures. Inspection of PC-DFA loadings plots revealed that several IR spectral regions including lipids, proteins and polysaccharides contribute to the separation in PC-DFA space, thereby indicating large phenotypic response to toluene and these cations. Finally, the saturated fatty acid ratio from the FT-IR spectra showed that upon toluene exposure, the saturated fatty acid ratio was reduced, while it increased in the presence of divalent cations. This study clearly demonstrates that the combination of metabolic fingerprinting with appropriate chemometric analysis can result in practicable knowledge on the responses of important environmental bacteria to external stress from pollutants such as highly toxic organic solvents, and indicates that these changes are manifest in the bacterial cell membrane. Finally, we demonstrate that divalent cations improve solvent tolerance in P. putida DOT‑T1E strains.
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Zhang C, Chen X, Stephanopoulos G, Too HP. Efflux transporter engineering markedly improves amorphadiene production inEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1755-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congqiang Zhang
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Singapore-MIT Alliance; 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore Singapore
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans); Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Xixian Chen
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Singapore-MIT Alliance; 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore Singapore
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans); Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Singapore-MIT Alliance; 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Heng-Phon Too
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Singapore-MIT Alliance; 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore Singapore
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans); Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive; Blk MD7, Level 4 Singapore 117597 Singapore
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Abstract
Lipases are industrial biocatalysts, which are involved in several novel reactions, occurring in aqueous medium as well as non-aqueous medium. Furthermore, they are well-known for their remarkable ability to carry out a wide variety of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selective transformations. Lipases have been gained attention worldwide by organic chemists due to their general ease of handling, broad substrate tolerance, high stability towards temperatures and solvents and convenient commercial availability. Most of the synthetic reactions on industrial scale are carried out in organic solvents because of the easy solubility of non-polar compounds. The effect of organic system on their stability and activity may determine the biocatalysis pace. Because of worldwide use of lipases, there is a need to understand the mechanisms behind the lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents. The unique interfacial activation of lipases has always fascinated enzymologists and recently, biophysicists and crystallographers have made progress in understanding the structure-function relationships of these enzymes. The present review describes the advantages of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents and various effects of organic solvents on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005 India
| | - Kartik Dhar
- Departmentof Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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Sayqal A, Xu Y, Trivedi DK, AlMasoud N, Ellis DI, Muhamadali H, Rattray NJW, Webb C, Goodacre R. Metabolic analysis of the response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E strains to toluene using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2016; 12:112. [PMID: 27398079 PMCID: PMC4916193 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An exceptionally interesting stress response of Pseudomonas putida strains to toxic substances is the induction of efflux pumps that remove toxic chemical substances from the bacterial cell out to the external environment. To exploit these microorganisms to their full potential a deeper understanding of the interactions between the bacteria and organic solvents is required. Thus, this study focuses on investigation of metabolic changes in P. putida upon exposure to toluene. OBJECTIVE Investigate observable metabolic alterations during interactions of three strains of P. putida (DOT-T1E, and its mutants DOT-T1E-PS28 and DOT-T1E-18) with the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene. METHODS The growth profiles were measured by taking optical density (OD) measurement at 660 nm (OD660) at various time points during incubation. For fingerprinting analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate any phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to toluene. Metabolic profiling analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component-discriminant function analysis (PC-DFA) was applied to the FT-IR data while multiblock principal component analysis (MB-PCA) and N-way analysis of variance (N-way ANOVA) were applied to the GC-MS data. RESULTS The growth profiles demonstrated the effect of toluene on bacterial cultures and the results suggest that the mutant P. putida DOT-T1E-18 was more sensitive (significantly affected) to toluene compared to the other two strains. PC-DFA on FT-IR data demonstrated the differentiation between different conditions of toluene on bacterial cells, which indicated phenotypic changes associated with the presence of the solvent within the cell. Fifteen metabolites associated with this phenotypic change, in P. putida due to exposure to solvent, were from central metabolic pathways. Investigation of MB-PCA loading plots and N-way ANOVA for condition | strain × time blocking (dosage of toluene) suggested ornithine as the most significant compound that increased upon solvent exposure. CONCLUSION The combination of metabolic fingerprinting and profiling with suitable multivariate analysis revealed some interesting leads for understanding the mechanism of Pseudomonas strains response to organic solvent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sayqal
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Drupad K. Trivedi
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - David I. Ellis
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Howbeer Muhamadali
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Carole Webb
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
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Si HM, Zhang F, Wu AN, Han RZ, Xu GC, Ni Y. DNA microarray of global transcription factor mutant reveals membrane-related proteins involved in n-butanol tolerance in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:114. [PMID: 27252779 PMCID: PMC4888631 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli has been explored as a platform host strain for biofuels production such as butanol. However, the severe toxicity of butanol is considered to be one major limitation for butanol production from E. coli. The goal of this study is therefore to construct butanol-tolerant E. coli strains and clarify the tolerance mechanisms. RESULTS A recombinant E. coli strain harboring σ(70) mutation capable of tolerating 2 % (v/v) butanol was isolated by the global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) approach. DNA microarrays were employed to assess the transcriptome profile of butanol-tolerant strain B8. Compared with the wild-type strain, 329 differentially expressed genes (197 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated) (p < 0.05; FC ≥ 2) were identified. These genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, two-component signal transduction system, oxidative stress response, lipid and cell envelope biogenesis and efflux pump. CONCLUSIONS Several membrane-related proteins were proved to be involved in butanol tolerance of E. coli. Two down-regulated genes, yibT and yghW, were identified to be capable of affecting butanol tolerance by regulating membrane fatty acid composition. Another down-regulated gene ybjC encodes a predicted inner membrane protein. In addition, a number of up-regulated genes, such as gcl and glcF, contribute to supplement metabolic intermediates for glyoxylate and TCA cycles to enhance energy supply. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for the construction of platform E. coli strains as biofuel producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Si
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Fa Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - An-Ning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Rui-Zhi Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Guo-Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
| | - Ye Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu China
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Kondakova T, D'Heygère F, Feuilloley MJ, Orange N, Heipieper HJ, Duclairoir Poc C. Glycerophospholipid synthesis and functions in Pseudomonas. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 190:27-42. [PMID: 26148574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas is one of the most heterogeneous groups of eubacteria, presents in all major natural environments and in wide range of associations with plants and animals. The wide distribution of these bacteria is due to the use of specific mechanisms to adapt to environmental modifications. Generally, bacterial adaptation is only considered under the aspect of genes and protein expression, but lipids also play a pivotal role in bacterial functioning and homeostasis. This review resumes the mechanisms and regulations of pseudomonal glycerophospholipid synthesis, and the roles of glycerophospholipids in bacterial metabolism and homeostasis. Recently discovered specific pathways of P. aeruginosa lipid synthesis indicate the lineage dependent mechanisms of fatty acids homeostasis. Pseudomonas glycerophospholipids ensure structure functions and play important roles in bacterial adaptation to environmental modifications. The lipidome of Pseudomonas contains a typical eukaryotic glycerophospholipid--phosphatidylcholine -, which is involved in bacteria-host interactions. The ability of Pseudomonas to exploit eukaryotic lipids shows specific and original strategies developed by these microorganisms to succeed in their infectious process. All compiled data provide the demonstration of the importance of studying the Pseudomonas lipidome to inhibit the infectious potential of these highly versatile germs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kondakova
- Normandie University of Rouen, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), EA 4312, 55 rue St. Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - François D'Heygère
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR4301, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Marc J Feuilloley
- Normandie University of Rouen, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), EA 4312, 55 rue St. Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Nicole Orange
- Normandie University of Rouen, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), EA 4312, 55 rue St. Germain, 27000 Evreux, France
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cécile Duclairoir Poc
- Normandie University of Rouen, Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM), EA 4312, 55 rue St. Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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Taguett F, Boisset C, Heyraud A, Buon L, Kaci Y. Characterization and structure of the polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain TF7 isolated from an arid region of Algeria. C R Biol 2015; 338:335-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ramos JL, Sol Cuenca M, Molina-Santiago C, Segura A, Duque E, Gómez-García MR, Udaondo Z, Roca A. Mechanisms of solvent resistance mediated by interplay of cellular factors inPseudomonas putida. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:555-66. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Paulucci NS, Gallarato LA, Reguera YB, Vicario JC, Cesari AB, García de Lema MB, Dardanelli MS. Arachis hypogaea PGPR isolated from Argentine soil modifies its lipids components in response to temperature and salinity. Microbiol Res 2015; 173:1-9. [PMID: 25801965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify the mechanism related to plant growth promoting of a bacterial strain (L115) isolated from Arachis hypogaea rhizospheres and the effects of high growth temperature and salinity on phospholipids and fatty acids composition. L115 was isolated from peanut rhizospheres and identified according to the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Phenotypic, metabolic and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) characteristics of L115 were tested. Inoculation test in plant growth chamber was performed. In addition, L115 was exposed to a 37 °C and 300 mM NaCl and phospholipids and fatty acid composition were evaluated. L115 strain was identified as Ochrobactrum intermedium and was able to increase the peanut shoot and root length as well as dry weight, indicating a PGPR role by being able to produce indole acetic acid and siderophores and present ACC deaminase activity. In addition, L115 showed tolerance to both high growth temperature and 300 mM NaCl. The most striking change was a decreased percentage of 18:1 fatty acid and an increase in 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids, under high growth temperature or a combination of increased temperature and salinity. The most important change in phospholipid levels was an increase in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in all growth conditions. L115 can promote the growth of peanut and can tolerate high growth temperature and salinity modifying the fatty acid unsaturation degree and increasing phosphatidylcholine levels. This work is the first to report the importance of the genus Ochrobactrum as PGPR on peanut growth as well as on the metabolic behaviour against abiotic stresses that occur in soil. This knowledge will be useful for developing strategies to improve the growth of this bacterium under stress and to enhance its bioprocess for the production of inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Paulucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Lucas A Gallarato
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina B Reguera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio C Vicario
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana B Cesari
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mirta B García de Lema
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Dardanelli
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Schewe H, Mirata MA, Schrader J. Bioprocess engineering for microbial synthesis and conversion of isoprenoids. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2015; 148:251-86. [PMID: 25893480 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids represent a natural product class essential to living organisms. Moreover, industrially relevant isoprenoid molecules cover a wide range of products such as pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances, or even biofuels. Their often complex structure makes chemical synthesis a difficult and expensive task and extraction from natural sources is typically low yielding. This has led to intense research for biotechnological production of isoprenoids by microbial de novo synthesis or biotransformation. Here, metabolic engineering, including synthetic biology approaches, is the key technology to develop efficient production strains in the first place. Bioprocess engineering, particularly in situ product removal (ISPR), is the second essential technology for the development of industrial-scale bioprocesses. A number of elaborate bioreactor and ISPR designs have been published to target the problems of isoprenoid synthesis and conversion, such as toxicity and product inhibition. However, despite the many exciting applications of isoprenoids, research on isoprenoid-specific bioprocesses has mostly been, and still is, limited to small-scale proof-of-concept approaches. This review presents and categorizes different ISPR solutions for biotechnological isoprenoid production and also addresses the main challenges en route towards industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schewe
- DECHEMA Research Institute, Biochemical Engineering, Frankfurt, Germany
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Pei G, Chen L, Wang J, Qiao J, Zhang W. Protein Network Signatures Associated with Exogenous Biofuels Treatments in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:48. [PMID: 25405149 PMCID: PMC4217553 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recognized as a promising microbial cell factory for producing biofuels, current productivity in cyanobacterial systems is low. To make the processes economically feasible, one of the hurdles, which need to be overcome is the low tolerance of hosts to toxic biofuels. Meanwhile, little information is available regarding the cellular responses to biofuels stress in cyanobacteria, which makes it challenging for tolerance engineering. Using large proteomic datasets of Synechocystis under various biofuels stress and environmental perturbation, a protein co-expression network was first constructed and then combined with the experimentally determined protein–protein interaction network. Proteins with statistically higher topological overlap in the integrated network were identified as common responsive proteins to both biofuels stress and environmental perturbations. In addition, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to distinguish unique responses to biofuels from those to environmental perturbations and to uncover metabolic modules and proteins uniquely associated with biofuels stress. The results showed that biofuel-specific proteins and modules were enriched in several functional categories, including photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and amino acid metabolism, which may represent potential key signatures for biofuels stress responses in Synechocystis. Network-based analysis allowed determination of the responses specifically related to biofuels stress, and the results constituted an important knowledge foundation for tolerance engineering against biofuels in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Pei
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , China ; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , China ; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , China ; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , China ; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China ; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , China ; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , China
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Heredia RM, Boeris PS, Biasutti MA, López GA, Paulucci NS, Lucchesi GI. Coordinated response of phospholipids and acyl components of membrane lipids in Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) under stress caused by cationic surfactants. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2618-2626. [PMID: 25280753 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.081943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the role of membrane components of Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633) under chemical stress conditions originated by treatment with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), a cationic surfactant. We examined changes in fatty acid composition and in the fluidity of the membranes of cells exposed to TTAB at a specific point of growth as well as of cells growing with TTAB. The addition of 10-50 mg TTAB l(-1) promoted an increase in the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio. By using fluorescence polarization techniques, we found that TTAB exerted a fluidizing effect on P. putida A (ATCC 12633) membranes. However, a complete reversal of induced membrane fluidification was detected after 15 min of incubation with TTAB. Consistently, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was lower in TTAB-treated cells as compared with non-treated cells. In the presence of TTAB, the content of phosphatidylglycerol increased (120 %), whilst that of cardiolipin decreased (60 %). Analysis of the fatty acid composition of P. putida A (ATCC 12633) showed that phosphatidylglycerol carried the major proportion of saturated fatty acids (89 %), whilst cardiolipin carried an elevated proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (18 %). The increase in phosphatidylglycerol and consequently in saturated fatty acids, together with a decrease in cardiolipin content, enabled greater membrane resistance, reversing the fluidizing effect of TTAB. Therefore, results obtained in the present study point to changes in the fatty acid profile as an adaptive response of P. putida A (ATCC 12633) cells to stress caused by a cationic surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Marisa Heredia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paola Sabrina Boeris
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Alicia Biasutti
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Alberto López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Soledad Paulucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria Inés Lucchesi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, CPX5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Murínová S, Dercová K. Response mechanisms of bacterial degraders to environmental contaminants on the level of cell walls and cytoplasmic membrane. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:873081. [PMID: 25057269 PMCID: PMC4099092 DOI: 10.1155/2014/873081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strains living in the environment must cope with the toxic compounds originating from humans production. Surface bacterial structures, cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, surround each bacterial cell and create selective barriers between the cell interior and the outside world. They are a first site of contact between the cell and toxic compounds. Organic pollutants are able to penetrate into cytoplasmic membrane and affect membrane physiological functions. Bacteria had to evolve adaptation mechanisms to counteract the damage originated from toxic contaminants and to prevent their accumulation in cell. This review deals with various adaptation mechanisms of bacterial cell concerning primarily the changes in cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall. Cell adaptation maintains the membrane fluidity status and ratio between bilayer/nonbilayer phospholipids as well as the efflux of toxic compounds, protein repair mechanisms, and degradation of contaminants. Low energy consumption of cell adaptation is required to provide other physiological functions. Bacteria able to survive in toxic environment could help us to clean contaminated areas when they are used in bioremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomíra Murínová
- Department of Biochemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Water Research Institute, Nábrežie arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 812 49 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Dercová
- Department of Biochemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Schmerk CL, Welander PV, Hamad MA, Bain KL, Bernards MA, Summons RE, Valvano MA. Elucidation of theBurkholderia cenocepaciahopanoid biosynthesis pathway uncovers functions for conserved proteins in hopanoid-producing bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:735-50. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L. Schmerk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Paula V. Welander
- Department of Environmental Earth System Science; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Mohamad A. Hamad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Katie L. Bain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Roger E. Summons
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
- Centre for Infection and Immunity; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast BT9 5AE UK
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41
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Fujii T, Fujii Y, Machida K, Ochiai A, Ito M. Efficient Biotransformations Using Escherichia coli with tolCacrAB Mutations Expressing Cytochrome P450 Genes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:805-10. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Schrewe M, Julsing MK, Bühler B, Schmid A. Whole-cell biocatalysis for selective and productive C-O functional group introduction and modification. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:6346-77. [PMID: 23475180 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60011d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, biocatalysis became of increasing importance for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Regarding regio- and stereospecificity, enzymes have shown to be superior compared to traditional chemical synthesis approaches, especially in C-O functional group chemistry. Catalysts established on a process level are diverse and can be classified along a functional continuum starting with single-step biotransformations using isolated enzymes or microbial strains towards fermentative processes with recombinant microorganisms containing artificial synthetic pathways. The complex organization of respective enzymes combined with aspects such as cofactor dependency and low stability in isolated form often favors the use of whole cells over that of isolated enzymes. Based on an inventory of the large spectrum of biocatalytic C-O functional group chemistry, this review focuses on highlighting the potentials, limitations, and solutions offered by the application of self-regenerating microbial cells as biocatalysts. Different cellular functionalities are discussed in the light of their (possible) contribution to catalyst efficiency. The combined achievements in the areas of protein, genetic, metabolic, and reaction engineering enable the development of whole-cell biocatalysts as powerful tools in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schrewe
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Seydlová G, Fišer R, Cabala R, Kozlík P, Svobodová J, Pátek M. Surfactin production enhances the level of cardiolipin in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacillus subtilis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1828:2370-8. [PMID: 23845875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that disturbs the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. In this study, the role of membrane lipids in the adaptation and possible surfactin tolerance of the surfactin producer Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 was investigated. During a 1-day cultivation, the phospholipids of the cell membrane were analyzed at the selected time points, which covered both the early and late stationary phases of growth, when surfactin concentration in the medium gradually rose from 2 to 84μmol·l(-1). During this time period, the phospholipid composition of the surfactin producer's membrane (Sf(+)) was compared to that of its non-producing mutant (Sf(-)). Substantial modifications of the polar head group region in response to the presence of surfactin were found, while the fatty acid content remained unaffected. Simultaneously with surfactin production, a progressive accumulation up to 22% of the stress phospholipid cardiolipin was determined in the Sf(+) membrane, whereas the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine remained constant. At 24h, cardiolipin was found to be the second major phospholipid of the membrane. In parallel, the Laurdan generalized polarization reported an increasing rigidity of the lipid bilayer. We concluded that an enhanced level of cardiolipin is responsible for the membrane rigidification that hinders the fluidizing effect of surfactin. At the same time cardiolipin, due to its negative charge, may also prevent the surfactin-membrane interaction or surfactin pore formation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Seydlová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Kim DH, Kanaly RA, Hur HG. Biological accumulation of tellurium nanorod structures via reduction of tellurite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Bioresour Technol 2012; 125:127-131. [PMID: 23026324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, reduced tellurite (Te(IV), TeO(3)(2-)) to elemental tellurium under anaerobic conditions resulting in the intracellular accumulation of needle shaped crystalline Te(0) nanorods. Fatty acid analyses showed that toxic Te(IV) increased the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the lipid components of the cell membrane, implying a deconstruction of the integrity of the cellular membrane structure. The current results suggest that dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria such as S. oneidensis MR-1 may play an important role in recycling toxic tellurium elements, and may be applied as a novel selective biological filter via the accumulation of industry-applicable rare materials, Te(0) nanorods, in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Oh HY, Lee JO, Kim OB. Increase of organic solvent tolerance of Escherichia coli by the deletion of two regulator genes, fadR and marR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1619-27. [PMID: 23053109 PMCID: PMC3497938 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of bacterial tolerance to organic solvents is a main prerequisite for the microbial production of biofuels which are toxic to cells. For targeted genetic engineering of Escherichia coli to increase organic solvent tolerances (OSTs), we selected and investigated a total of 12 genes that participate in relevant mechanisms to tolerance. In a spot assay of 12 knockout mutants with n-hexane and cyclohexane, the genes fadR and marR were finally selected as the two key genes for engineering. Fatty acid degradation regulon (FadR) regulates the biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids coordinately, and the multiple antibiotic resistance repressor (MarR) is the repressor of the global regulator MarA for multidrug resistance. In the competitive growth assay, the ΔmarR mutant became dominant when the pooled culture of 11 knockout mutants was cultivated successively in the presence of organic solvent. The increased OSTs in the ΔmarR and ΔfadR mutants were confirmed by a growth experiment and a viability test. The even more highly enhanced OSTs in the ΔfadR ΔmarR double mutant were shown compared with the two single mutants. Cellular fatty acid analysis showed that the high ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids plays a crucial role in OSTs. Furthermore, the intracellular accumulation of OST strains was significantly decreased compared with the wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Oh
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 120-750, Seoul, South Korea
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Udaondo Z, Duque E, Fernández M, Molina L, de la Torre J, Bernal P, Niqui J, Pini C, Roca A, Matilla MA, Antonia Molina-henares M, Silva-jiménez H, Navarro-avilés G, Busch A, Lacal J, Krell T, Segura A, Ramos J. Analysis of solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E based on its genome sequence and a collection of mutants. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2932-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Krell T, Lacal J, Guazzaroni ME, Busch A, Silva-Jiménez H, Fillet S, Reyes-Darías JA, Muñoz-Martínez F, Rico-Jiménez M, García-Fontana C, Duque E, Segura A, Ramos JL. Responses of Pseudomonas putida to toxic aromatic carbon sources. J Biotechnol 2012; 160:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Boeris PS, Lucchesi GI. The phosphatidylcholine synthase of Pseudomonas putida A ATCC 12633 is responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which acts as a temporary reservoir for Al3+. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:1249-1257. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.054072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paola S. Boeris
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria I. Lucchesi
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Fillet S, Daniels C, Pini C, Krell T, Duque E, Bernal P, Segura A, Lu D, Zhang X, Ramos JL. Transcriptional control of the main aromatic hydrocarbon efflux pump in Pseudomonas. Environ Microbiol Rep 2012; 4:158-167. [PMID: 23757269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria of the species Pseudomonas putida are ubiquitous soil inhabitants, and a few strains are able to thrive in the presence of extremely high concentrations of toxic solvents such as toluene and related aromatic hydrocarbons. Toluene tolerance is multifactorial in the sense that bacteria use a wide range of physiological and genetic changes to overcome solvent damage. This includes enhanced membrane impermeabilization through cis to trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids, activation of a stress response programme, and induction of efflux pumps that expulse toxic hydrocarbons to the outer medium. The most relevant element in this toluene tolerance arsenal is the TtgGHI efflux pump controlled by the TtgV regulator. We discuss here how TtgV controls expression of this efflux pump in response to solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Fillet
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, EEZ, Department of Environmental Protection, Granada, Spain. University of Toronto, Department of Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Toronto, Canada. Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK
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Taylor M, Ramond JB, Tuffin M, Burton S, Eley K, Cowan D. Mechanisms and Applications of Microbial Solvent Tolerance. Microbiology Monographs 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21467-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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