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Zainal SFFS, Aziz HA, Ramli SF, Omar FM. Preliminary study on the toxicological response of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on landfill leachate treated with Tin(IV) chloride and Jatropha curcas. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e1667. [PMID: 34842319 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the toxicity levels of the coagulation and flocculation process on raw and treated leachate using acute toxicity tests. Tin tetrachloride (SnCl4 ) and the Jatropha curcas (JC) seed were used as coagulant and coagulant aid to remove concentrated suspended solids, SS (534 mg/L), color (19,297 Pt-Co), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4188 mg/L) in a stabilized landfill leachate. The toxicity effects on local red tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated, which involved three main steps, namely, acclimatization, range-finding test, and short-term definitive test. The presence of JC seed (0.9 g/L) as a flocculant reduced the dosage of SnCl4 from 11.1 to 8.5 g/L and exhibited good removals of 99.78%, 98.53%, and 74.29%, respectively, for SS, color, and COD. The toxicity test indicated that only five fish died in the first 12 h for the treated sample compared with seven deaths for untreated leachate. In 96 h, a total of 42 and 31 mortality rates were noted for the raw and treated leachate samples, respectively. The treated sample could reduce the toxicity effects to the tested tilapia fish and is safe to be discharged at appropriate dilution concentrations. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Coagulation-flocculation by Tin (IV) chloride and Jatropha Curcas (JC) was investigated. Almost complete reduction of SS was obtained at 8.5 g/L of SnCl4 and 0.9 g/L of JC as flocculant. The toxicity effect was evaluated using red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish as the indicator. Treated leachate was considered acceptable as the number of dead fish was lower than the untreated leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidi Abdul Aziz
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
- Solid Waste Management Cluster Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatihah Ramli
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Fatehah Mohd Omar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
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Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Hoshikawa Y, Furukawa S, Irie K, Kimura M, Takeuchi K, Sugiyama A. Sequential histological changes in the liver of medaka exposed to methylazoxymethaol acetate. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:219-226. [PMID: 33239840 PMCID: PMC7677625 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a medaka bioassay for the carcinogenicity of methylazoxymethaol acetate
(MAM-Ac) to examine the sequential histological changes in the liver from 3 days after
exposure until tumor development. The medaka were exposed to MAM-Ac at a concentration of
2 ppm for 24 hours, and were necropsied at 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 60, and 91
days after exposure. MAM-Ac induced four cases of hepatocellular adenoma and one case of
hepatocellular carcinoma in 8 fish after 60 or 91 days of exposure. Histological changes
in the liver until tumor development were divided into three phases. In the cytotoxic
phase (1–10 days), MAM-Ac-exposed hepatocytes showed vacuolar degeneration and underwent
necrosis and apoptosis, resulting in multiple foci of hepatocyte loss. In the repopulation
phase (14–35 days), the areas of hepatocyte loss were filled with hepatic cysts and the
remaining hepatocytes were surrounded by hepatic stellate-like cells (or spindle cells)
and gradually disappeared. In the proliferation phase (42–91 days), the original hepatic
parenchyma was regenerated and progressively replaced by regenerative hyperplastic nodules
and/or liver neoplasms. The medaka retained a strong hepatocyte regenerative ability in
response to liver injury. It is considered that this ability promotes the proliferation of
initiated hepatocytes in multistep carcinogenesis and influences the development of liver
tumor over a short period in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Hoshikawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Kota Irie
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takeuchi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, 1470 Shiraoka, Shiraoka-shi, Saitama 349-0294, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Abstract
Activin E, a member of the TGF-β super family, is a protein dimer of mature inhibin βE subunits. Recently, it is reported that hepatic activin E may act as a hepatokine that alter whole body energy/glucose metabolism in human. However, orthologues of the activin E gene have yet to be identified in lower vertebrates, including fish. Here, we cloned the medaka (Oryzias latipes) activin E cDNA from liver. Among all the mammalian inhibin β subunits, the mature medaka activin E amino acid sequence shares the highest homology with mammalian activin E. Recombinant expression studies suggest that medaka activin E, the disulfide-bound mature form of mature inhibin βE subunits, may exert its effects in a way similar to that in mammals. Although activin E mRNA is predominantly expressed in liver in mammals, it is ubiquitously expressed in medaka tissues. Since expression in the liver was enhanced after a high fat diet, medaka activin E may be associated with energy/glucose metabolism, as shown in mice and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morita
- Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, 35-1 Higashi 23, Towada-shi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, 35-1 Higashi 23, Towada-shi, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
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Ishigaki M, Yasui Y, Puangchit P, Kawasaki S, Ozaki Y. In Vivo Monitoring of the Growth of Fertilized Eggs of Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes) by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Imaging-A Marked Change in the Relative Content of Weakly Hydrogen-Bonded Water in Egg Yolk Just before Hatching. Molecules 2016; 21:E1003. [PMID: 27490524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study develops further our previous study of in vivo monitoring at the molecular level of the embryonic development in Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR imaging. NIR spectra were measured nondestructively for three major parts of fertilized medaka eggs (the embryonic body, oil droplets, and egg yolk) from the first day after fertilization to the day just before hatching (JBH). Changes in the contents of chemical components such as proteins, water, and lipids were monitored in situ during embryonic development. A marked change in the relative content of weakly hydrogen-bonded water was observed in the egg yolk JBH. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out using the NIR spectra data of the egg yolk and embryo on the fifth day after fertilization. The PCA clearly separates the egg yolk data from the embryo body parts. Principal component PC1 and PC2 loading plots suggest that the hydrogen bonding structure of water in the egg yolk is considerably different to those of the other parts and the fraction of weakly hydrogen-bonded water in the egg yolk is smaller than that in the embryonic body. NIR images developed from the intensities of peaks of second derivative spectra owing to water and proteins show their different distribution patterns. Images of the ratio of strongly and weakly hydrogen-bonded water confirmed that oil droplets and embryonic body parts have higher and lower ratios, respectively, of strongly hydrogen-bonded water than do the other parts. The images developed from the intensity of the peaks at 4864 and 4616 cm−1 related to the proteins indicated that the egg yolk contains a higher concentration of protein than do the other parts. The peaks at 5756 and 4530 cm−1 caused by the protein secondary structures of α-helix and β-sheet showed the configuration of the egg cell membrane. The present study might lead to new understanding at the molecular level regarding the growth of fertilized eggs and provides a new tool to visualize egg development in a nondestructive manner.
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Ishigaki M, Kawasaki S, Ishikawa D, Ozaki Y. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Studies of Fertilized Fish Eggs: In Vivo Monitoring of Egg Growth at the Molecular Level. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20066. [PMID: 26818027 DOI: 10.1038/srep20066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the growth of fertilized Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs was monitored in vivo at the molecular level using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR imaging. NIR spectra were recorded noninvasively for three major parts of a fertilized medaka egg, the embryonic body, the oil droplets, and the yolk, from the first day after fertilization to the day before hatching. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that water, protein, and lipid contents in the egg yolk and oil droplets changed significantly just before hatching. The ratio of the characteristic peaks due to proteins and lipids in the second derivative spectra suggested that the relative concentration of proteins to lipids was constant in the egg yolk, while it dramatically increased just before hatching in the oil droplets. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) predicted the hatching possibility on the next day with 100% and 99.3% accuracy for yolk and oil droplets data, respectively. Two types of NIR images were developed in situ using the band intensities of the lipids and proteins in the second derivative spectra. The egg’s protein and lipid content was successfully visualized noninvasively. This technique should enable noninvasive quality testing of fertilized eggs in the future.
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Spitsbergen JM, Buhler DR, Peterson TS. Neoplasia and neoplasm-associated lesions in laboratory colonies of zebrafish emphasizing key influences of diet and aquaculture system design. ILAR J 2013; 53:114-25. [PMID: 23382343 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the zebrafish has emerged as a leading model for mechanistic cancer research because of its sophisticated genetic and genomic resources, its tractability for tissue targeting of transgene expression, its efficiency for forward genetic approaches to cancer model development, and its cost effectiveness for enhancer and suppressor screens once a cancer model is established. However, in contrast with other laboratory animal species widely used as cancer models, much basic cancer biology information is lacking in zebrafish. As yet, data are not published regarding dietary influences on neoplasm incidences in zebrafish. Little information is available regarding spontaneous tumor incidences or histologic types in wild-type lines of zebrafish. So far, a comprehensive database documenting the full spectrum of neoplasia in various organ systems and tissues is not available for zebrafish as it is for other intensely studied laboratory animal species. This article confirms that, as in other species, diet and husbandry can profoundly influence tumor incidences and histologic spectra in zebrafish. We show that in many laboratory colonies wild-type lines of zebrafish exhibit elevated neoplasm incidences and neoplasm-associated lesions such as heptocyte megalocytosis. We present experimental evidence showing that certain diet and water management regimens can result in high incidences of neoplasia and neoplasm-associated lesions. We document the wide array of benign and malignant neoplasms affecting nearly every organ, tissue, and cell type in zebrafish, in some cases as a spontaneous aging change, and in other cases due to carcinogen treatment or genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Ding L, Kuhne WW, Hinton DE, Song J, Dynan WS. Quantifiable biomarkers of normal aging in the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2010; 5:e13287. [PMID: 20949019 PMCID: PMC2952620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small laboratory fish share many anatomical and histological characteristics with other vertebrates, yet can be maintained in large numbers at low cost for lifetime studies. Here we characterize biomarkers associated with normal aging in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a species that has been widely used in toxicology studies and has potential utility as a model organism for experimental aging research. Principal Findings The median lifespan of medaka was approximately 22 months under laboratory conditions. We performed quantitative histological analysis of tissues from age-grouped individuals representing young adults (6 months old), mature adults (16 months old), and adults that had survived beyond the median lifespan (24 months). Livers of 24-month old individuals showed extensive morphologic changes, including spongiosis hepatis, steatosis, ballooning degeneration, inflammation, and nuclear pyknosis. There were also phagolysosomes, vacuoles, and residual bodies in parenchymal cells and congestion of sinusoidal vessels. Livers of aged individuals were characterized by increases in lipofuscin deposits and in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells. Some of these degenerative characteristics were seen, to a lesser extent, in the livers of 16-month old individuals, but not in 6-month old individuals. The basal layer of the dermis showed an age-dependent decline in the number of dividing cells and an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase. The hearts of aged individuals were characterized by fibrosis and lipofuscin deposition. There was also a loss of pigmented cells from the retinal epithelium. By contrast, age-associated changes were not apparent in skeletal muscle, the ocular lens, or the brain. Significance The results provide a set of markers that can be used to trace the process of normal tissue aging in medaka and to evaluate the effect of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Wendy W. Kuhne
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David E. Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - William S. Dynan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Howarth DL, Law SHW, Law JM, Mondon JA, Kullman SW, Hinton DE. Exposure to the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 causes alterations in gene expression and sublethal hepatotoxicity in eleutheroembryo medaka (Oryzias latipes). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 243:111-21. [PMID: 19963001 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small freshwater teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes), has a history of usage in studies of chronic toxicity of liver and biliary system. Recent progress with this model has focused on defining the medaka hepatobiliary system. Here we investigate critical liver function and toxicity by examining the in vivo role and function of the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha, NR1H4), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that plays an essential role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis. Quantitative mRNA analysis of medaka FXRalpha demonstrates differential expression of two FXRalpha isoforms designated Fxralpha1 and Fxralpha2, in both free swimming medaka embryos with remaining yolk (eleutheroembryos, EEs) and adults. Activation of medaka Fxralpha in vivo with GW4064 (a strong FXRalpha agonist) resulted in modification of gene expression for defined FXRalpha gene targets including the bile salt export protein, small heterodimer partner, and cytochrome P450 7A1. Histological examination of medaka liver subsequent to GW4064 exposure demonstrated significant lipid accumulation, cellular and organelle alterations in both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells of the liver. This report of hepatobiliary injury following GW4064 exposure extends previous investigations of the intrahepatic biliary system in medaka, reveals sensitivity to toxicant exposure, and illustrates the need for added resolution in detection and interpretation of toxic responses in this vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Howarth
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Wise JP, Wise SS, Goodale BC, Shaffiey F, Kraus S, Walter RB. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a sentinel species for aquatic animals: Medaka cells exhibit a similar genotoxic response as North Atlantic right whale cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:210-4. [PMID: 18930840 PMCID: PMC4524507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is emerging as a major concern for aquatic environments, particularly marine environments. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) has been used as a model species for human and aquatic health, including the marine environment, though few studies have directly compared toxicological responses in medaka to humans or other aquatic species. We used a medaka fin cell line to compare the genotoxic response of medaka to Cr(VI) to the response observed in North Atlantic right whale cells to see if responses in medaka were similar to those of other aquatic species, particularly aquatic mammals. We used the production of chromosomal aberrations as a measure of genotoxicity. We found that in medaka cells, concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 microM sodium chromate damaged 17, 32 and 43% of metaphases, respectively and these same concentrations 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 microM sodium chromate damaged 14, 24 and 49% of metaphases, respectively, in North Atlantic right whale lung cells and 11, 32 and 41% of metaphases, respectively, in North Atlantic right whale testes cells. These data show that genotoxic responses in medaka are comparable to those seen in North Atlantic right whale cells, consistent with the hypothesis that medaka are a useful model for other aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA.
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Kent ML, Feist SW, Harper C, Hoogstraten-Miller S, Law JM, Sánchez-Morgado JM, Tanguay RL, Sanders GE, Spitsbergen JM, Whipps CM. Recommendations for control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:240-8. [PMID: 18755294 PMCID: PMC3270489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality, underlying chronic conditions that cause low-grade or subclinical infections may confound research results. Here we present recommendations and strategies to avoid or minimize the impacts of infectious agents in fishes maintained in the research setting. There are distinct differences in strategies for control of pathogens in fish used for research compared to fishes reared as pets or in aquaculture. Also, much can be learned from strategies and protocols for control of diseases in rodents used in research, but there are differences. This is due, in part, the unique aquatic environment that is modified by the source and quality of the water provided and the design of facilities. The process of control of pathogens and infectious diseases in fish research facilities is relatively new, and will be an evolving process over time. Nevertheless, the goal of documenting, detecting, and excluding pathogens in fish is just as important as in mammalian research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Broussard GW, Norris MB, Schwindt AR, Fournie JW, Winn RN, Kent ML, Ennis DG. Chronic Mycobacterium marinum infection acts as a tumor promoter in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:152-60. [PMID: 18929684 PMCID: PMC2700008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An accumulating body of research indicates there is an increased cancer risk associated with chronic infections. The genus Mycobacterium contains a number of species, including M. tuberculosis, which mount chronic infections and have been implicated in higher cancer risk. Several non-tuberculosis mycobacterial species, including M. marinum, are known to cause chronic infections in fish and like human tuberculosis, often go undetected. The elevated carcinogenic potential for fish colonies infected with Mycobacterium spp. could have far reaching implications because fish models are widely used to study human diseases. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an established laboratory fish model for toxicology, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis; and produces a chronic tuberculosis-like disease when infected by M. marinum. We examined the role that chronic mycobacterial infections play in cancer risk for medaka. Experimental M. marinum infections of medaka alone did not increase the mutational loads or proliferative lesion incidence in all tissues examined. However, we showed that chronic M. marinum infections increased hepatocellular proliferative lesions in fish also exposed to low doses of the mutagen benzo[a]pyrene. These results indicate that chronic mycobacterial infections of medaka are acting as tumor promoters and thereby suggest increased human risks for cancer promotion in human populations burdened with chronic tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Broussard
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
| | - Michelle B. Norris
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aquatic Biotechnology and Environmental Lab, 2580 Devil’s Ford Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Adam R. Schwindt
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA
| | - John W. Fournie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| | - Richard N. Winn
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Aquatic Biotechnology and Environmental Lab, 2580 Devil’s Ford Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA
| | - Don G. Ennis
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA
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Taniguchi Y, Takeda S, Furutani-Seiki M, Kamei Y, Todo T, Sasado T, Deguchi T, Kondoh H, Mudde J, Yamazoe M, Hidaka M, Mitani H, Toyoda A, Sakaki Y, Plasterk RHA, Cuppen E. Generation of medaka gene knockout models by target-selected mutagenesis. Genome Biol 2007; 7:R116. [PMID: 17156454 PMCID: PMC1794429 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-12-r116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A reverse genetics approach for the routine generation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) gene knockouts is described and applied to create a cryopreserved resource containing knockouts for most medaka genes. We have established a reverse genetics approach for the routine generation of medaka (Oryzias latipes) gene knockouts. A cryopreserved library of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenized fish was screened by high-throughput resequencing for induced point mutations. Nonsense and splice site mutations were retrieved for the Blm, Sirt1, Parkin and p53 genes and functional characterization of p53 mutants indicated a complete knockout of p53 function. The current cryopreserved resource is expected to contain knockouts for most medaka genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Sasado
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Tomonori Deguchi
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Kondoh Differentiation Signaling Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8305, Japan
| | - Josine Mudde
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamazoe
- Department of Radiation Genetics, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hidaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakaki
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Chao MR, Wang CJ, Yen CC, Yang HH, Lu YC, Chang L, Hu CW. Simultaneous determination of N7-alkylguanines in DNA by isotope-dilution LC-tandem MS coupled with automated solid-phase extraction and its application to a small fish model. Biochem J 2007; 402:483-90. [PMID: 17134374 PMCID: PMC1863567 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the development of a sensitive and selective assay based on LC (liquid chromatography)-MS/MS (tandem MS) to simultaneously measure N7-MeG (N7-methylguanine) and N7-EtG (N7-ethylguanine) in DNA hydrolysates. With the use of isotope internal standards (15N5-N7-MeG and 15N5-N7-EtG) and on-line SPE (solid-phase extraction), the detection limit of this method was estimated as 0.42 fmol and 0.17 fmol for N7-MeG and N7-EtG respectively. The high sensitivity achieved here makes this method applicable to small experimental animals. This method was applied to measure N7-alkylguanines in liver DNA from mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) that were exposed to NDMA (N-nitrosodimethylamine) and NDEA (N-nitrosodiethylamine) alone or their combination over a wide range of concentrations (1-100 mg/l). Results showed that the background level of N7-MeG in liver of control fish was 7.89+/-1.38 mmol/mol of guanine, while N7-EtG was detectable in most of the control fish with a range of 0.05-0.19 mmol/mol of guanine. N7-MeG and N7-EtG were significantly induced by NDMA and NDEA respectively, at a concentration as low as 1 mg/l and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this LC-MS/MS assay provides the sensitivity and high throughput required to evaluate the extent of alkylated DNA lesions in small animal models of cancer induced by alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Chao
- *Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
| | - Chien-Jen Wang
- †Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yen
- *Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Yang
- ‡Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Cheng Lu
- *Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Louis W. Chang
- †Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- §Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence may be addressed to either of these authors (email or )
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