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González K, Salinas A, Pinto F, Navia R, Liu S, Cea M. Flow cytometry: a tool for understanding the behaviour of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulators. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:581-90. [PMID: 36525042 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) is seen as an attractive strategy for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. In order to optimize the MMC-PHA production process, tools are required to improve our understanding of the physiological state of the PHA-storing microorganisms within the MMC. In the present study, we explored the use of flow cytometry to analyse the metabolic state and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) content of the microorganisms from an MMC-PHA production process. A sequencing batch reactor under a feast and famine regime was used to enrich an MMC with PHB-storing microorganisms. Interestingly, once the PHB-storing microorganisms are selected, the level of PHB accumulation depends largely on the metabolic state of these microorganisms and not exclusively on the consortium composition. These results demonstrate that flow cytometry is a powerful tool to help to understand the PHA storage response of an MMC-PHA production process. KEY POINTS: • Flow cytometry allows to measure PHB content and metabolic activity over time. • Microorganisms showing high PHB content also have high metabolic activity. • PHB producers with low metabolic activity show low PHB content.
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Zand E, Froehling A, Schoenher C, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Schlueter O, Jaeger H. Potential of Flow Cytometric Approaches for Rapid Microbial Detection and Characterization in the Food Industry-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:3112. [PMID: 34945663 PMCID: PMC8701031 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As microbial contamination is persistent within the food and bioindustries and foodborne infections are still a significant cause of death, the detection, monitoring, and characterization of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms are of great importance. However, the current methods do not meet all relevant criteria. They either show (i) inadequate sensitivity, rapidity, and effectiveness; (ii) a high workload and time requirement; or (iii) difficulties in differentiating between viable and non-viable cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) represents an approach to overcome such limitations. Thus, this comprehensive literature review focuses on the potential of FCM and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for food and bioindustry applications. First, the principles of FCM and FISH and basic staining methods are discussed, and critical areas for microbial contamination, including abiotic and biotic surfaces, water, and air, are characterized. State-of-the-art non-specific FCM and specific FISH approaches are described, and their limitations are highlighted. One such limitation is the use of toxic and mutagenic fluorochromes and probes. Alternative staining and hybridization approaches are presented, along with other strategies to overcome the current challenges. Further research needs are outlined in order to make FCM and FISH even more suitable monitoring and detection tools for food quality and safety and environmental and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antje Froehling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (A.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Christoph Schoenher
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (M.Z.-P.)
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (M.Z.-P.)
| | - Oliver Schlueter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (A.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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Konieczny M, Rhein P, Czaczyk K, Białas W, Juzwa W. Imaging Flow Cytometry to Study Biofilm-Associated Microbial Aggregates. Molecules 2021; 26:7096. [PMID: 34885675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to design an advanced analytical tool for the precise characterization of microbial aggregates from biofilms formed on food-processing surfaces. The approach combined imaging flow cytometry with a machine learning-based interpretation protocol. Biofilm samples were collected from three diagnostic points of the food-processing lines at two independent time points. The samples were investigated for the complexity of microbial aggregates and cellular metabolic activity. Thus, aggregates and singlets of biofilm-associated microbes were simultaneously examined for the percentages of active, mid-active, and nonactive (dead) cells to evaluate the physiology of the microbial cells forming the biofilm structures. The tested diagnostic points demonstrated significant differences in the complexity of microbial aggregates. The significant percentages of the bacterial aggregates were associated with the dominance of active microbial cells, e.g., 75.3% revealed for a mushroom crate. This confirmed the protective role of cellular aggregates for the survival of active microbial cells. Moreover, the approach enabled discriminating small and large aggregates of microbial cells. The developed tool provided more detailed characteristics of bacterial aggregates within a biofilm structure combined with high-throughput screening potential. The designed methodology showed the prospect of facilitating the detection of invasive biofilm forms in the food industry environment.
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Wojtasik B, Zbawicka M, Grabarczyk L, Juzwa W. Flow cytometric approach to evaluate the impact of hydro-technical concrete compounds' release to the freshwater microbiome. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:698. [PMID: 34618240 PMCID: PMC8497448 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to test the potential of applying a flow cytometric procedure to evaluate the impact of concrete compounds' release to the freshwater microbiome. Cells from the collected samples were stained with a fluorogenic redox indicator dye that measures the redox potential of microbial cells. This novel approach was combined with the assessment of microorganisms' penetration into the internal structures of concrete using the Rose Bengal sodium salt staining. Rose Bengal staining revealed an intense fouling of the upper and side walls of the concrete cubes and also indicated the penetration of microorganisms inside the concrete as observed for the cubes' cross-sections. Flow cytometric cellular redox potential measurement revealed high percentages of active cells within the concrete's porous structures and in non-exposed water (32.7% and 30.2% of active cells) versus samples from exposed water and concrete's outer surfaces (6.8%, 6.1%, and 3.3% of active cells). The results demonstrated a detrimental impact of hydro-technical concrete on the vitality of microbial cells within the freshwater environment. Tested protocol by analyzing the physiology of microbial cells improved the functional description of complex communities to evaluate the fate of contaminants present in the concrete-based hydro-technical infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wojtasik
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zbawicka
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lucyna Grabarczyk
- Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
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Niedźwiedź I, Juzwa W, Skrzypiec K, Skrzypek T, Waśko A, Kwiatkowski M, Pawłat J, Polak-Berecka M. Morphological and physiological changes in Lentilactobacillus hilgardii cells after cold plasma treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18882. [PMID: 33144617 PMCID: PMC7609761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) inactivation of Lentilactobacillus hilgardii was investigated. Bacteria were exposed to ACP dielectric barrier discharge with helium and oxygen as working gases for 5, 10, and 15 min. The innovative approach in our work for evaluation of bacterial survival was the use in addition to the classical plate culture method also flow cytometry which allowed the cells to be sorted and revealed different physiological states after the plasma treatment. Results showed total inhibition of bacterial growth after 10-min of ACP exposure. However, the analysis of flow cytometry demonstrated the presence of 14.4% of active cells 77.5% of cells in the mid-active state and 8.1% of dead cells after 10 min. In addition, some of the cells in the mid-active state showed the ability to grow again on culture medium, thus confirming the hypothesis of induction of VBNC state in L .hilgardii cells by cold plasma. In turn, atomic force microscopy (AFM) which was used to study morphological changes in L. hilgardii after plasma treatment at particular physiological states (active, mid-active, dead), showed that the surface roughness of the mid-active cell (2.70 ± 0.75 nm) was similar to that of the control sample (2.04 ± 0.55 nm). The lack of considerable changes on the cell surface additionally explains the effective cell resuscitation. To the best of our knowledge, AFM was used for the first time in this work to analyze cells which have been sorted into subpopulations after cold plasma treatment and this is the first work indicating the induction of VBNC state in L. hilgardii cells after exposure to cold plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niedźwiedź
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skrzypiec
- Analytical Laboratory, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Square 3/22, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Confocal and Electron Microscopy, Interdisciplinary Research Center, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Pawłat
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Polak-Berecka
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland.
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Iino T, Okano K, Lee SW, Yamakawa T, Hagihara H, Hong ZY, Maeno T, Kasai Y, Sakuma S, Hayakawa T, Arai F, Ozeki Y, Goda K, Hosokawa Y. High-speed microparticle isolation unlimited by Poisson statistics. Lab Chip 2019; 19:2669-2677. [PMID: 31332412 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00324j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-speed isolation of microparticles (e.g., microplastics, heavy metal particles, microbes, cells) from heterogeneous populations is the key element of high-throughput sorting instruments for chemical, biological, industrial and medical applications. Unfortunately, the performance of continuous microparticle isolation or so-called sorting is fundamentally limited by the trade-off between throughput, purity, and yield. For example, at a given throughput, high-purity sorting needs to sacrifice yield, or vice versa. This is due to Poisson statistics of events (i.e., microparticles, microparticle clusters, microparticle debris) in which the interval between successive events is stochastic and can be very short. Here we demonstrate an on-chip microparticle sorter with an ultrashort switching window in both time (10 μs) and space (10 μm) at a high flow speed of 1 m s-1, thereby overcoming the Poisson trade-off. This is made possible by using femtosecond laser pulses that can produce highly localized transient cavitation bubbles in a microchannel to kick target microparticles from an acoustically focused, densely aligned, bumper-to-bumper stream of microparticles. Our method is important for rare-microparticle sorting applications where both high purity and high yield are required to avoid missing rare microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Okano
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamakawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hagihara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Zhen-Yi Hong
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Takanori Maeno
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kasai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakuma
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayakawa
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan and Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan and Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan.
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Wojciech J, Kamila M, Wojciech B. Investigation of the population dynamics within a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm using a flow based biofilm model system and flow cytometric evaluation of cellular physiology. Biofouling 2018; 34:835-850. [PMID: 30332894 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1508569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study a flow based biofilm model system was used to simulate the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on a stainless steel surface. To investigate the complexity of biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa populations a combination of microscopic observations and flow cytometric analysis (FCM) was adopted. Biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa cells were evaluated (1) under optimal vs reduced nutrient-availability at the initial adhesion stage, and (2) irrespective of nutrient-availability within a mature biofilm. Microscopic estimation of the extent of attachment revealed more effective colonization upon optimal vs starvation conditions. FCM allowed an in situ evaluation of P. aeruginosa vitality, using cellular redox potential measurements to discriminate active, mid-active and non-active sub-populations. Samples from recently attached cells and mature biofilms showed significant differences in the percentages of bacterial cells from the defined sub-populations. The approach demonstrated that distribution of individual P. aeruginosa sub-populations was influenced by the stage of the biofilm life-cycle and nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzwa Wojciech
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Myszka Kamila
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Białas Wojciech
- a Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Hsueh YH, Tsai PH, Lin KS. pH-Dependent Antimicrobial Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040793. [PMID: 28397766 PMCID: PMC5412377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles have been investigated, but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity remain the subject of debate. Here, we show that CuO nanoparticles exhibit significant toxicity at pH 5 against four different Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains, including Newman, SA113, USA300, and ATCC6538. At this pH, but not at pH 6 and 7, 5 mM CuO nanoparticles effectively caused reduction of SA113 and Newman cells and caused at least 2 log reduction, whereas 20 mM killed most strains but not USA300. At 5 mM, the nanoparticles were also found to dramatically decrease reductase activity in SA113, Newman, and ATCC6538 cells, but not USA300 cells. In addition, analysis of X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure confirmed that S. aureus cells exposed to CuO nanoparticles contain CuO, indicating that Cu2+ ions released from nanoparticles penetrate bacterial cells and are subsequently oxidized intracellularly to CuO at mildly acidic pH. The CuO nanoparticles were more soluble at pH 5 than at pH 6 and 7. Taken together, the data conclusively show that the toxicity of CuO nanoparticles in mildly acidic pH is caused by Cu2+ release, and that USA300 is more resistant to CuO nanoparticles (NPs) than the other three strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huang Hsueh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Han Tsai
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Kuen-Song Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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