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Johnson AW, Redelfs AH, Christensen W, Spruance LA. State Legislation Related to School Nutrition: Predictors of Bill Passage From 2010-2019. J Nutr Educ Behav 2024:S1499-4046(24)00048-4. [PMID: 38639692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover the prevalence of school nutrition state legislation and to identify the correlates of enactment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An online legislative database, Legiscan, was used to collect bills related to school nutrition from the US from 2010 to 2019. Bills were coded and compiled into a study database with state-level dietary variables (obesity prevalence, fruit, and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption), community variables (percent White, poverty), and bill-characteristic variables (party affiliation in legislature, strength of language, party of governor, school gardens, vegetable intake, and other salient variables). Multivariable models were built to examine predictors of bill enactment. RESULTS Of the 462 bills introduced, 38.7% (n = 156) were enacted. In a multivariable model, the strength of bill language, political party affiliation, implementation of school gardens, and vegetable intake were the variables associated with bill passage. Bills with strong language were less likely to be enacted (P <0.001). Bills introduced by Democrats were more likely to be enacted (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION This study showed a better understanding of legislative support for child nutrition via policy surveillance of bills and their correlates of enactment. This information can be used to prioritize advocacy efforts and identify ways research can better inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisha H Redelfs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Ojha U, Marshall DC, Salciccioli JD, Al-Khayatt BM, Hammond-Haley M, Goodall R, Borsky KL, Crowley CP, Shalhoub J, Hartley A. Temporal trend analysis of rheumatic heart disease burden in high-income countries between 1990 and 2019. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2024; 10:108-120. [PMID: 36477873 PMCID: PMC10904725 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assesses trends in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) burden in high-income, European Union 15+ (EU15+) countries between 1990 and 2019. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis of the incidence and mortality of RHD was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study database. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were extracted for EU15+ countries per sex for each of the years from 1990 to 2019, inclusive, and mortality-to-incidence indices (MII) were computed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the description of trends. Over 29 years, an overall declining trend in RHD incidence and mortality across EU 15+ nations were observed. There was significant variability in RHD incidence and mortality rates across high-income countries. However, both RHD incidence and mortality were higher among females compared with males across EU15+ countries over the observed period. The most recent incidence trend, starting predominantly after 2014, demonstrated a rise in RHD incidence in most countries for both sexes. The timing of this RHD resurgence corresponds temporally with an influx of migrants and refugees into Europe. The recent increasing RHD incidence rates ranged from +0.4% to +24.7% for males, and +0.6% to +11.4% for females. CONCLUSION More than half of EU15+ nations display a recent increase in RHD incidence rate across both sexes. Possible factors associated with this rise are discussed and include increase in global migration from nations with higher RHD prevalence, host nation factors such as migrants' housing conditions, healthcare access, and migrant health status on arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Ojha
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Heart and Lung Division, Hill End Rd, Harefield, Uxbridge, UB9 6JH, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Medicine, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Dominic C Marshall
- Department of Respiratory, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Justin D Salciccioli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becker M Al-Khayatt
- Department of Cardiology, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex NHS Trusts, UK
| | - Matthew Hammond-Haley
- Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Richard Goodall
- St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, UK
| | - Kim L Borsky
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Mandeville Rd, Aylesbury, HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Conor P Crowley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial Vascular Unit, Mary Stanford Wing, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Adam Hartley
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, UK
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Alamr F, Alzahrani HMA, Alghamdi AMA, Alzhrani ASA, Alzahrani FAA, Alkhediwi LMA, Alghamdi MAA, Alhomrani MAM, Aburaida OM. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Home Accidents Among Children Under Five Years of Age in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e46846. [PMID: 37954756 PMCID: PMC10637285 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, home accidents are the main cause of preventable debilities and death among children and young persons. Many times, children survive accidents with physical or mental damage that curtails their activities in the long term. The most commonly reported accidental injuries include head injuries, open wounds, and poisoning. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with home accidents among children under five years old in the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the community population in the Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, targeting all accessible parents who have children under five years old. A convenience sampling technique was used for sample collection during the period of three months (May 2023 to July 2023), where all accessible parents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were invited to fill out the received online study questionnaire. Section 1 covered the participants' demographic data. The second section covered the children's data and the third section included questions about home accident types, frequency, severity, and causes. Results: The findings showed that 205 (58.2%) study parents reported a history of home accidents among their children. As for accident data, about 122 (59.5%) of the injured children were males. The most reported home accidents among children were fall/impact with hard objects (58.2%), burn (30.7%), asphyxia (27.6%), and poisoning (24.4%). Families with more than seven members and those with four or more siblings significantly experienced higher home accidents than others (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current study showed that home accidents among children under five years of age were mainly falls and burns; they were mainly found among male children and children in families with highly educated mothers and many kids. A majority of the reported cases of home accidents were less severe and the hospitalization rates with complications were very few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alamr
- College of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omer M Aburaida
- Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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Wade CM, Matthews J, Forbes F, Vertkas L, Burn M, Cann WG. Focus on Fathers: Exploring the parenting experiences of fathers using a large population-level sample. Child Youth Care Forum. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim M, Jung N, Wulandari L. Parenting in a 24/7 Economy: Mothers’ Non-standard Work Schedules and Involvement in Children’s Education. Front Psychol 2022; 13:905226. [PMID: 35874401 PMCID: PMC9301286 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that parental involvement in children’s education has a positive impact on children’s educational achievements and wellbeing outcomes. The trend toward 24/7 economies has obliged many mothers to work non-standard schedules (i.e., schedules outside traditional daytime, Monday–Friday work schedules). This has raised concerns over how non-standard work schedules affect parenting behaviors, including paternal involvement in children’s education. Using data from mothers of young children (age 5–6) in Hong Kong (N = 433), this study examined the association between maternal work schedules and involvement in children’s home and school activities. The results of structural equation modeling found that weekend work was associated with lower levels of home-based involvement. By contrast, working non-standard hours was linked with higher levels of school-based involvement. This pattern suggested that non-standard work schedules could make it either easier or harder for mothers to balance work and family responsibilities, depending on the circumstances (i.e., whether they work non-standard hours or weekends). These findings, indicating that the effects of non-standard work schedules are not uniformly negative or positive, warrant sophisticated policy efforts to address the potential adverse effects of non-standard work schedules and avoid undermining their potential to be used as a family-friendly option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseop Kim
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Minseop Kim,
| | - Nahri Jung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Using data on full-time wage and salary workers from the 2017-2018 American Time Use Survey Leave and Job Flexibilities Module, we estimate hourly wage differentials for teleworkers and compare how workers allocate their time over the day when they work from home rather than the office. We find that some teleworkers earn a wage premium, but it varies by gender, parental status, and teleworking intensity. Fathers who telework earn more than fathers in office-based jobs, regardless of teleworking intensity. Women without children who telework occasionally earn more than their office counterparts. In industries and occupations where telework is more prevalent, mothers who work from home most days of the week pay a wage penalty compared to mothers in office-based jobs. Using time diaries, we find differences in work patterns and hours across worker groups that could drive these teleworker wage differentials. Most teleworkers work less on home days; however, those who earn wage premiums are working longer hours on weekdays, regardless of their work location. When teleworking, mothers experience more interruptions in their workdays than other workers, which could have negative effects on their productivity. We also find that teleworkers spend less time on commuting and grooming activities but more time on leisure activities and with family on work-at-home days than on office days, and female teleworkers spend more time sleeping and on household production activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Ave. NE, Rm. 2180, Washington, DC 20212 USA
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Qian Y, Sayer LC. Gender and Educational Variation in How Temporal Dimensions of Paid Work Affect Parental Child Care Time. Socius 2022; 8:10.1177/23780231221132383. [PMID: 36969919 PMCID: PMC10035291 DOI: 10.1177/23780231221132383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using the 2017-2018 American Time Use Survey, the authors investigate how a comprehensive set of temporal conditions of paid work affects parental child care time, with attention to gender and education. Temporal work conditions include access to leave, inflexible start and end times, short advance notice of work schedules, types of work shifts, and usual days worked. Among mothers, the only significant relationship is between usual days worked and routine care time. Among fathers, lacking access to paid leave and having inflexible start and end times are associated with reduced routine care time, and working on variable days of the week is related to less developmental care time. Temporal work conditions also shape the educational gap in parental child care time. Importantly, nonstandard shifts and working on weekends widen the educational gradient in mothers' developmental care time. The findings imply that temporal work conditions amplify gender inequality in work-family lives and families as agents of class reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qian
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Fan Y, Potočnik K. The impact of the depletion, accumulation, and investment of personal resources on work–life balance satisfaction and job retention: A longitudinal study on working mothers. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2021; 131:103656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Waters L, Cameron K, Nelson-Coffey SK, Crone DL, Kern ML, Lomas T, Oades L, Owens RL, Pawelski JO, Rashid T, Warren MA, White MA, Williams P. Collective wellbeing and posttraumatic growth during COVID-19: how positive psychology can help families, schools, workplaces and marginalized communities. The Journal of Positive Psychology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1940251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waters
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Cameron
- Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Damien L. Crone
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret L. Kern
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Lomas
- University of East London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay Oades
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhea L. Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - James O. Pawelski
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Health & Wellness Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough (UTSC), Canada
| | - Meg A. Warren
- College of Business and Economics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Paige Williams
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Australia
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