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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Johnson DM, Tretyakova I. Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:428. [PMID: 38543793 PMCID: PMC10974764 DOI: 10.3390/v16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient. In the latter case, an immune response to the live virus vaccine is elicited, which protects against the pathogenic virus. Unlike other nucleic acid vaccines, such as mRNA and standard DNA vaccines, iDNA vaccines elicit protection with a single dose, thus providing major improvement to epidemic preparedness. Still, iDNA vaccines retain the advantages of other nucleic acid vaccines. In summary, the iDNA platform combines the advantages of reverse genetics and DNA immunization with the high immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in enhanced safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine platform has expanded the field of genetic DNA and RNA vaccines with a novel type of immunogenic DNA vaccines that encode entire live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Dylan M. Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 945501, USA;
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
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2
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Li Q, Dai J, Shi Y, Deng Q, Liao C, Huang J, Lu J. IgM-specific linear epitopes on the E2 protein for serodiagnosis of Chikungunya. Virus Res 2024; 339:199292. [PMID: 38042373 PMCID: PMC10714233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are vector-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that pose a significant threat to global public health. Cases of acute Chikungunya fever often present similar clinical symptoms to other vector-borne diseases, such as Dengue fever. In regions where multiple vector-borne diseases coexist, CHIKV is often overlooked or misdiagnosed as Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus or other viral infections, which delays its prevention and control. However, IgM antibodies directed against the E2 protein of CHIKV have not yet been generalized to clinical settings due to the low sensitivity and high cost in commercial kits. Indirect ELISA with peptides provides an effective supplementary tool for detecting CHIKV IgM antibodies. Our study aims at examining the potential of linear epitopes on the E2 glycoprotein that specifically bind to IgM antibodies as serodiagnostic tool for CHIKV. The sensitivity of the established peptide indirect ELISA method for detecting clinical samples is significantly better than that of commercial kits, realizing a beneficial supplement to the existing IgM antibody assay. It also established the groundwork for comprehending the biological mechanisms of the CHIKV E2 protein and the advancement of innovative epitope peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Li
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yongxia Shi
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jicheng Huang
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Jiahai Lu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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3
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Romero-Leiton JP, Acharya KR, Parmley JE, Arino J, Nasri B. Modelling the transmission of dengue, zika and chikungunya: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074385. [PMID: 37730394 PMCID: PMC10510863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aedes mosquitoes are the primary vectors for the spread of viruses like dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), all of which affect humans. Those diseases contribute to global public health issues because of their great dispersion in rural and urban areas. Mathematical and statistical models have become helpful in understanding these diseases' epidemiological dynamics. However, modelling the complexity of a real phenomenon, such as a viral disease, should consider several factors. This scoping review aims to document, identify and classify the most important factors as well as the modelling strategies for the spread of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct searches in electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, MathSciNet and the Web of Science for full-text peer-reviewed articles written in English, French and Spanish. These articles should use mathematical and statistical modelling frameworks to study dengue, zika and chikungunya, and their cocirculation/coinfection with other diseases, with a publication date between 1 January 2011 and 31 July 2023. Eligible studies should employ deterministic, stochastic or statistical modelling approaches, consider control measures and incorporate parameters' estimation or considering calibration/validation approaches. We will exclude articles focusing on clinical/laboratory experiments or theoretical articles that do not include any case study. Two reviewers specialised in zoonotic diseases and mathematical/statistical modelling will independently screen and retain relevant studies. Data extraction will be performed using a structured form, and the findings of the study will be summarised through classification and descriptive analysis. Three scoping reviews will be published, each focusing on one disease and its cocirculation/co-infection with other diseases. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is exempt from ethics approval because it is carried out on published manuscripts and without the participation of humans and/or animals. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations in conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Raj Acharya
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Julien Arino
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bouchra Nasri
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mulderij-Jansen V, Gerstenbluth I, Duits A, Tami A, Bailey A. Contexts motivating protective behaviours related to Aedes-borne infectious diseases in Curaçao. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1730. [PMID: 37670248 PMCID: PMC10481474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti, the vector of arboviral diseases such as dengue and Zika virus infections, is difficult to control. Effective interventions must be practicable, comprehensive, and sustained. There is evidence that community participation can enhance mosquito control. Therefore, countries are encouraged to develop and integrate community-based approaches to mosquito control to mitigate Aedes-borne infectious diseases (ABIDs). Health professionals must understand the contexts motivating individuals' behaviour to improve community participation and promote behavioural change. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how contexts shaped individuals' protective behaviours related to ABIDs in Curaçao. METHODS From April 2019 to September 2020, a multi-method qualitative study applying seven (n = 54) focus group discussions and twenty-five in-depth interviews with locals was performed in Curaҫao. The study was designed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Two cycles of inductive and deductive coding were employed, and Nvivo software was used to manage and analyse the data. RESULTS In this study, low media coverage (external cue to action) and limited experience with the symptoms of ABIDs (internal cue to action) were linked with a low perceived susceptibility and severity of ABIDs (low perceived threat). The low perceived threat was linked with reduced health-seeking behaviour (HSB) to prevent and control ABIDs. We also found that the perceived barriers outweigh the perceived benefits of ABID prevention and control interventions, obstructing HSB. On the one hand, insufficient knowledge reduced self-efficacy but contrary to expected, having good knowledge did not promote HSB. Lastly, we found that our participants believe that they are responsible for preventing ABIDs (internal locus of control) but at the same time indicated that their success depends on the efforts of the community and the health system (external locus of control). CONCLUSIONS This study used the HBM to explain individual changes in HSB concerning ABIDs prevention and control in Curaçao. We can conclude that the perceived threat (perceived susceptibility and severity) and perceived barriers played an essential role in changing HSB. Health professionals must consider these two concepts' implications when designing a bottom-up approach for ABIDs control; otherwise, community participation will remain minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitiare Mulderij-Jansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Izzy Gerstenbluth
- Department of Epidemiology, Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Ashley Duits
- Institute for Medical Education, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Red Cross Blood Bank Foundation, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Bailey
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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5
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Panzer B, Kopp CW, Neumayer C, Koppensteiner R, Jozkowicz A, Poledniczek M, Gremmel T, Jilma B, Wadowski PP. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37508529 PMCID: PMC10377790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Panzer
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelminenspital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Barr KL. Development and Application of Treatment for Chikungunya Fever. Res Rep Trop Med 2022; 13:55-66. [PMID: 36561535 PMCID: PMC9767026 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s370046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Millsapps
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma C Underwood
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelli L Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Correspondence: Kelli L Barr, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd. Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, Tel +1 813 974 4480, Fax +1 813 974 4962, Email
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7
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Shukla M, Chandley P, Tapryal S, Kumar N, Mukherjee SP, Rohatgi S. Expression, Purification, and Refolding of Chikungunya Virus Full-Length Envelope E2 Protein along with B-Cell and T-Cell Epitope Analyses Using Immuno-Informatics Approaches. ACS Omega 2022; 7:3491-3513. [PMID: 35128258 PMCID: PMC8811930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, which causes severe illness in humans and is responsible for epidemic outbreaks in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Europe. Despite its increased global prevalence, no licensed vaccines are available to date for treating or preventing CHIKV infection. The envelope E2 protein is one of the promising subunit vaccine candidates against CHIKV. In this study, we describe successful cloning, expression, and purification of CHIKV E2 full-length (E2-FL) and truncated (E2-ΔC and E2-ΔNC) proteins in the Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant E2 proteins were purified from inclusion bodies using Ni-NTA chromatography. Further, we describe a detailed refolding procedure for obtaining the CHIKV E2-FL protein in native conformation, which was confirmed using circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BALB/c mice immunized with the three different E2 proteins exhibited increased E2-specific antibody titers compared to sham-immunized controls, suggesting induction of strong humoral immune response. On analyzing the E2-specific antibody response generated in immunized mice, the CHIKV E2-FL protein was observed to be the most immunogenic among the three different CHIKV E2 antigens used in the study. Our B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping results indicate that the presence of specific immunogenic peptides located in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the CHIKV E2-FL protein may contribute to its increased immunogenicity, compared to truncated CHIKV E2 proteins. In summary, our study provides a detailed protocol for expressing, purifying, and refolding of the CHIKV E2-FL protein and provides an understanding of its immunogenic epitopes, which can be exploited for the development of novel multiepitope-based anti-CHIKV vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Shukla
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Central University of
Rajasthan, Bandersindri,
Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Jaypee
University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, India
| | - Sulakshana P. Mukherjee
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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Nyamwaya DK, Thumbi SM, Bejon P, Warimwe GM, Mokaya J. The global burden of Chikungunya fever among children: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000914. [PMID: 36962807 PMCID: PMC10022366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arboviral illness that was first described in Tanzania (1952). In adults, the disease is characterised by debilitating arthralgia and arthritis that can persist for months, with severe illness including neurological complications observed in the elderly. However, the burden, distribution and clinical features of CHIKF in children are poorly described. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine the epidemiology of CHIKF in children globally by describing its prevalence, geographical distribution, and clinical manifestations. We searched electronic databases for studies describing the epidemiology of CHIKF in children. We included peer-reviewed primary studies that reported laboratory confirmed CHIKF. We extracted information on study details, sampling approach, study participants, CHIKF positivity, clinical presentation and outcomes of CHIKF in children. The quality of included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for case reports and National Institute of Health quality assessment tool for quantitative studies and case series. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of CHIKF among children by geographical location. We summarised clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, administered treatment and disease outcomes associated with CHIKF in children. We identified 2104 studies, of which 142 and 53 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic literature review and meta-analysis, respectively. Most of the selected studies were from Asia (54/142 studies) and the fewest from Europe (5/142 studies). Included studies were commonly conducted during an epidemic season (41.5%) than non-epidemic season (5.1%). Thrombocytopenia was common among infected children and CHIKF severity was more prevalent in children <1 year. Children with undifferentiated fever before CHIKF was diagnosed were treated with antibiotics and/or drugs that managed specific symptoms or provided supportive care. CHIKF is a significant under-recognised and underreported health problem among children globally and development of drugs/vaccines should target young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris K Nyamwaya
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Thumbi
- Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George M Warimwe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jolynne Mokaya
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Adam A, Luo H, Osman SR, Wang B, Roundy CM, Auguste AJ, Plante KS, Peng BH, Thangamani S, Frolova EI, Frolov I, Weaver SC, Wang T. Optimized production and immunogenicity of an insect virus-based chikungunya virus candidate vaccine in cell culture and animal models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:305-316. [PMID: 33539255 PMCID: PMC7919884 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1886598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric Eilat/ Chikungunya virus (EILV/CHIKV) was previously reported to replicate only in mosquito cells but capable of inducing robust adaptive immunity in animals. Here, we initially selected C7/10 cells to optimize the production of the chimeric virus. A two-step procedure produced highly purified virus stocks, which was shown to not cause hypersensitive reactions in a mouse sensitization study. We further optimized the dose and characterized the kinetics of EILV/CHIKV-induced immunity. A single dose of 108 PFU was sufficient for induction of high levels of CHIKV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies, memory B cell and CD8+ T cell responses. Compared to the live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine 181/25, EILV/CHIKV induced similar levels of CHIKV-specific memory B cells, but higher CD8+ T cell responses at day 28. It also induced stronger CD8+, but lower CD4+ T cell responses than another live-attenuated CHIKV strain (CHIKV/IRES) at day 55 post-vaccination. Lastly, the purified EILV/CHIKV triggered antiviral cytokine responses and activation of antigen presenting cell (APC)s in vivo, but did not induce APCs alone upon in vitro exposure. Overall, our results demonstrate that the EILV/CHIKV vaccine candidate is safe, inexpensive to produce and a potent inducer of both innate and adaptive immunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha R Osman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Roundy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bi-Hung Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Saravanan Thangamani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elena I Frolova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ilya Frolov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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11
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Rayner JO, Kim JH, Roberts RW, Wood RR, Fouty B, Solodushko V. Evaluation of DNA-Launched Virus-Like Particle Vaccines in an Immune Competent Mouse Model of Chikungunya Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:345. [PMID: 33918409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can result in chronic and debilitating arthralgia affecting humans in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, yet there are no licensed vaccines to prevent infection. DNA launched virus like particle (VLP) vaccines represent a potentially safer alternative to traditional live-attenuated vaccines; however, fully characterized immunocompetent mouse models which appropriately include both male and female animals for preclinical evaluation of these, and other, vaccine platforms are lacking. Utilizing virus stocks engineered to express mutations reported to enhance CHIKV virulence in mice, infection of male and female immunocompetent mice was evaluated, and the resulting model utilized to assess the efficacy of candidate DNA launched CHIKV VLP vaccines. Results demonstrate the potential utility of DNA launched VLP vaccines in comparison to a live attenuated CHIKV vaccine and identify gender differences in viral RNA loads that impact interpretation of vaccine efficacy and may have important implications for future CHIKV vaccine development.
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12
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Wadowski PP, Jilma B, Kopp CW, Ertl S, Gremmel T, Koppensteiner R. Glycocalyx as Possible Limiting Factor in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607306. [PMID: 33692785 PMCID: PMC7937603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Ertl
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Hazlewood JE, Dumenil T, Le TT, Slonchak A, Kazakoff SH, Patch AM, Gray LA, Howley PM, Liu L, Hayball JD, Yan K, Rawle DJ, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009215. [PMID: 33439897 PMCID: PMC7837487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, as well as expression of vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with a new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya and Zika virus immunogen mRNA and protein expression was associated with necrosing skeletal muscle cells surrounded by mixed cellular infiltrates. The multiple adjuvant signatures at 12 hours post-vaccination were dominated by TLR3, 4 and 9, STING, MAVS, PKR and the inflammasome. Th1 cytokine signatures were dominated by IFNγ, TNF and IL1β, and chemokine signatures by CCL5 and CXCL12. Multiple signatures associated with dendritic cell stimulation were evident. By day seven, vaccine transcripts were absent, and cell death, neutrophil, macrophage and inflammation annotations had abated. No compelling arthritis signatures were identified. Such injection site vaccinology approaches should inform refinements in poxvirus-based vector design. Poxvirus vector systems have been widely developed for vaccine applications. Despite considerable progress, so far only one recombinant poxvirus vectored vaccine has to date been licensed for human use, with ongoing efforts seeking to enhance immunogenicity whilst minimizing reactogenicity. The latter two characteristics are often determined by early post-vaccination events at the injection site. We therefore undertook an injection site vaccinology approach to analyzing gene expression at the vaccination site after intramuscular inoculation with a recombinant, multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vaccine. This provided detailed insights into inter alia expression of vector-encoded immunoregulatory genes, as well as host innate and adaptive immune responses. We propose that such injection site vaccinology can inform rational vaccine vector design, and we discuss how the information and approach elucidated herein might be used to improve immunogenicity and limit reactogenicity of poxvirus-based vaccine vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamine E. Hazlewood
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stephen H. Kazakoff
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lesley-Ann Gray
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John D. Hayball
- Sementis Ltd., Hackney, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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14
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August A, Attarwala HZ, Himansu S, Kalidindi S, Lu S, Pajon R, Han S, Lecerf JM, Tomassini JE, Hard M, Ptaszek LM, Crowe JE, Zaks T. A phase 1 trial of lipid-encapsulated mRNA encoding a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity against Chikungunya virus. Nat Med 2021; 27:2224-2233. [PMID: 34887572 PMCID: PMC8674127 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute disease characterized by fever, rash and arthralgia, which progresses to severe and chronic arthritis in up to 50% of patients. Moreover, CHIKV infection can be fatal in infants or immunocompromised individuals and has no approved therapy or prevention. This phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 evaluated the safety and pharmacology of mRNA-1944, a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated messenger RNA encoding the heavy and light chains of a CHIKV-specific monoclonal neutralizing antibody, CHKV-24 ( NCT03829384 ). The primary outcome was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of mRNA-1944 administered via intravenous infusion in healthy participants aged 18-50 years. The secondary objectives included determination of the pharmacokinetics of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and ionizable amino lipid component and the pharmacodynamics of mRNA-1944 as assessed by serum concentrations of mRNA encoding for CHKV-24 immunoglobulin G (IgG), plasma concentrations of ionizable amino lipid and serum concentrations of CHKV-24 IgG. Here we report the results of a prespecified interim analysis of 38 healthy participants who received intravenous single doses of mRNA-1944 or placebo at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg-1, or two weekly doses at 0.3 mg kg-1. At 12, 24 and 48 h after single infusions, dose-dependent levels of CHKV-24 IgG with neutralizing activity were observed at titers predicted to be therapeutically relevant concentrations (≥1 µg ml-1) across doses that persisted for ≥16 weeks at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg-1 (mean t1/2 approximately 69 d). A second 0.3 mg kg-1 dose 1 week after the first increased CHKV-24 IgG levels 1.8-fold. Adverse effects were mild to moderate in severity, did not worsen with a second mRNA-1944 dose and none were serious. To our knowledge, mRNA-1944 is the first mRNA-encoded monoclonal antibody showing in vivo expression and detectable ex vivo neutralizing activity in a clinical trial and may offer a treatment option for CHIKV infection. Further evaluation of the potential therapeutic use of mRNA-1944 in clinical trials for the treatment of CHIKV infection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunny Himansu
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shiva Kalidindi
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sophia Lu
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rolando Pajon
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shu Han
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | | | - Marjie Hard
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Leon M. Ptaszek
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Tal Zaks
- grid.479574.c0000 0004 1791 3172Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA USA
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15
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Kumar S, Singh VK, Vasam M, Patil PS, Dhaked RK, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Parashar D, Tapryal S. An in vitro refolding method to produce oligomers of anti-CHIKV, E2-IgM Fc fusion subunit vaccine candidates expressed in E. coli. J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112869. [PMID: 32971119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant envelope protein-1 (E1) and E2 of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice however with limited protection. Recently reported CHIK virus-like particles showed augmented immunity and protection in adult mice in comparison to E1 and E2, however exacerbated the disease in aged subjects. In order to improve the overall efficacy of protein based vaccines, novel strategies need to be adopted. The discovery of IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) and its role in humoral immune response led us to hypothesise that fusion of an antigen with Fc of IgM may enhance its immunogenicity by polymerizing it and FcμR mediated activation of B and other immune cells. We report in the current study, expression of E2 subunit of CHIKV in fusion with various IgM Fc domains/peptides in E. coli, their in-vitro refolding, characterization and immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Candidates fused with CH3-CH4 Fc fragment produced stable oligomers, whereas the one fused with peptides remained monomeric. The latter elicited a strong humoral and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice, whereas the polymeric candidate despite eliciting a strong humoral response, stimulated a biased Th1 response and exhibited higher virus neutralization in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Manohar Vasam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Poonam Shewale Patil
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Rajeev K Dhaked
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Nirmal K Lohiya
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction & Fertility, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Collantes F, Méndez MJ, Soto-Castejón C, Muelas EM. Consolidation of Aedes albopictus Surveillance Program in the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17114173. [PMID: 32545364 PMCID: PMC7312822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the Spanish legal framework, the national program for vector-borne diseases results from the agreement between national and regional governments, and it is the basis for the development of the regional programs, which should include the regional entomological surveillance program. Aedes albopictus was recorded for the first time in the Region of Murcia, in 2011. It gave rise to a new epidemiological scenario due to the presence of a competent vector of several arboviruses, which resulted in autochthonous cases of dengue in 2018. METHODS 40 out of 45 municipalities participated in the regional entomological surveillance program, and 266 sampling points were established, with two ovitraps at each site as pseudo-replications. The study period was from April 16th to November 26th, with bi-weekly sample collections: 16 regional samplings were carried out. RESULTS Regional participation was high, and data loss was low (1.26%). Ae. albopictus was detected in 4.9% of samples and 89.4% of points, located in 39 of the 40 municipalities. The intensity of the presence of Ae. albopictus was estimated by a positivity index, that is, the percentage of positive samples over time. The vector phenology was obtained at a regional level, using the number of eggs as estimation of population density and the positivity values of points and municipalities. Every two weeks, real-time results were provided to the municipalities, which could use them as a vector management tool. CONCLUSION The regional entomological surveillance program for Ae. albopictus in the Region of Murcia was consolidated in 2019, with standardized and comparable methods. Almost all the municipalities of the region have observed the presence of Ae. albopictus, although intensity and spatial and temporal cover vary among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Collantes
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-883-939
| | - Manuel José Méndez
- Servicio de Sanidad Ambiental, Consejería de Salud de la Región de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.M.); (C.S.-C.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Caridad Soto-Castejón
- Servicio de Sanidad Ambiental, Consejería de Salud de la Región de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.M.); (C.S.-C.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Eva María Muelas
- Servicio de Sanidad Ambiental, Consejería de Salud de la Región de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.M.); (C.S.-C.); (E.M.M.)
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Mulderij-Jansen V, Elsinga J, Gerstenbluth I, Duits A, Tami A, Bailey A. Understanding risk communication for prevention and control of vector-borne diseases: A mixed-method study in Curaçao. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008136. [PMID: 32282848 PMCID: PMC7153856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk communication (RC) is an essential tool for the prevention and control of diseases as it impacts risk perception, increases awareness and might change behaviour. It is the interactive exchange of information about risks among experts and people. Effective RC can minimize the impact that diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika have on populations. This study aimed to understand RC regarding vector-borne diseases in its social context and from the viewpoint of the audience to strengthen RC strategies in Curaçao. Methods In 2015, a cross-sectional mixed-method study applying focus group discussions (n = 7), in-depth interviews (n = 20) and a structured survey questionnaire (n = 339) was done in Curaçao. The study was designed based on the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In addition, the Social Amplification of Risk Framework and the theory of cultural schemas were applied to understand RC in the social context. Results Television, radio and newspapers were the most important channels of information regarding dengue and chikungunya. Moreover, individuals also reported receiving information via social media, the internet and family/friends. Interestingly, the use of internet to obtain information diminished with age, while females were more likely to use internet compared to men. These key findings were statistically significant. An important outcome was that the risk perception towards chikungunya at the beginning of the outbreak was attenuated. This might be due to the (perceived) lack of RC before the epidemic. This same risk perception was amplified later during the outbreak by the increased exposure to information. Lastly, we show how cultural schemas influence people’s perception regarding preventive measures and treatment of chikungunya and dengue. Conclusions Data obtained emphasise the importance of understanding the user of media platforms and sharing information in a timely fashion through a transparent process with the content that convinces people of the seriousness of the matter. Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika are an increasing public health concern worldwide. The mentioned VBDs are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito from the Aedes species. Preventing or reducing VBDs continues to depend mainly on vector control and interrupting human-vector contact. Risk communication (RC) is the interactive exchange of information about hazards among experts and individuals. As it influences individuals’ behaviour, a better understanding of how it works is vital to improving RC strategies in the context of VBD prevention and control strategies. Our study highlighted the complexity of this matter as we found that there are multiple factors, including the volume of information, trust, experience with a similar disease and cultural schemas that determine how people cope with risk and information. We recommend broadening the use and scope of media platforms to share information and to customise the messages taking the cultural schemas of the community into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaitiare Mulderij-Jansen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Willemstad, Curaçao
- * E-mail:
| | - Jelte Elsinga
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Izzy Gerstenbluth
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Epidemiology and Research Unit, Ministry of Health Environment and Nature of Curaçao, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Ashley Duits
- Red Cross Blood Bank Foundation, Willemstad, Curaҫao
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Adriana Tami
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Bailey
- International Development Studies, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Reisinger EC, Tschismarov R, Beubler E, Wiedermann U, Firbas C, Loebermann M, Pfeiffer A, Muellner M, Tauber E, Ramsauer K. Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet 2019; 392:2718-2727. [PMID: 30409443 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya fever is an emerging viral disease and substantial threat to public health. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated, measles-vectored chikungunya vaccine (MV-CHIK). METHODS In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial, we enrolled healthy volunteers aged 18-55 years at four study sites in Austria and Germany. Participants were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular injections with MV-CHIK (5 × 104 or 5 × 105 50% tissue culture infectious dose), control vaccine, or measles prime and MV-CHIK, in two different administration regimens. Randomisation was done by use of three-digit randomisation codes in envelopes provided by a data management service. The participants and investigators were masked to treatment assignment, which was maintained by use of sterile saline as a placebo injection. The primary endpoint was immunogenicity, defined as the presence of neutralising antibodies against chikungunya virus, at day 56, which is 28 days after one or two immunisations. The primary endpoint was assessed in all participants who completed the study without major protocol deviations (per-protocol population) and in all randomised participants who received at least one study treatment (modified intention-to-treat population). The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02861586) and EudraCT (2015-004037-26) and is completed. FINDINGS Between Aug 17, 2016, and May 31, 2017, we randomly assigned 263 participants to receive control vaccine (n=34), MV-CHIK (n=195), or measles prime and MV-CHIK (n=34). 247 participants were included in the per-protocol population. Neutralising antibodies against chikungunya virus were detected in all MV-CHIK treatment groups after one or two immunisations, with geometric mean titres ranging from 12·87 (95% CI 8·75-18·93) to 174·80 (119·10-256·50) and seroconversion rates ranging from 50·0% to 95·9% depending on the dose and administration schedule. Adverse events were similar between groups, with solicited adverse events reported in 168 (73%) of 229 participants assigned to MV-CHIK and 24 (71%) of 34 assigned to control vaccine (p=0·84) and unsolicited adverse events in 116 (51%) participants assigned to MV-CHIK and 17 (50%) assigned to control vaccine (p=1·00). No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were reported. INTERPRETATION MV-CHIK showed excellent safety and tolerability and good immunogenicity, independent of pre-existing immunity against the vector. MV-CHIK is a promising candidate vaccine for the prevention of chikungunya fever, an emerging disease of global concern. FUNDING Themis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eckhard Beubler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Firbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim KS. Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2974-2986. [PMID: 30394204 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181105121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Honek JF. Commentary on "Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases" by Professor Kwang-sun Kim, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3201-3204. [PMID: 31526346 DOI: 10.2174/092986732617190820145226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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22
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Sanyaolu A, Ayodele O, Likaj L, Marinkovic A, Locke J, Ahmed M, Akanbi O, Orish V, Okorie C, Badaru O. Changing Epidemiology, Treatment, and Vaccine Update on Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses. Curr Trop Med Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-019-00181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Raghavendhar S, Tripati PK, Ray P, Patel AK. Evaluation of medicinal herbs for Anti-CHIKV activity. Virology 2019; 533:45-49. [PMID: 31082733 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease is now a global public health problem. In tropical countries such as India, periodic chikungunya outbreaks can occur due the high prevalence of the mosquito vector, circulation of virus and the high population density. To curtail the virus in outbreak situation, a ready to use drug for chikungunya is necessary. Using the literature mentioned plant extracts, we used four assays to screen and identify indigenous plants with CHIKV inhibitory activity. Our results showed that the aqueous extract of five plant extracts exhibited anti-CHIKV activity by inhibiting viral attachment, four plant extracts exhibited replication inhibition through inhibition of helicase activity, two plants showed inhibition of protease activity. Two plant extracts showed both viral attachment inhibition and replication inhibition and also exhibited dose dependent response in virus replication inhibition assay. These findings warrant further investigation to standardize these plant extracts as antiviral formulation for chikungunya infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pratima Ray
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Theillet G, Martinez J, Steinbrugger C, Lavillette D, Coutard B, Papageorgiou N, Dalbon P, Leparc-Goffart I, Bedin F. Comparative study of chikungunya Virus-Like Particles and Pseudotyped-Particles used for serological detection of specific immunoglobulin M. Virology 2019; 529:195-204. [PMID: 30721816 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has increased dramatically in recent decades. Effective diagnostic methods must be available to optimize patient management. IgM-capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA) is routinely used for the detection of specific CHIKV IgM. This method requires inactivated CHIKV viral lysate (VL). The use of viral bioparticles such as Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and Pseudotyped-Particles (PPs) could represent an alternative to VL. Bioparticles performances were established by MAC-ELISA; physico-chemical characterizations were performed by field-flow fractionation (HF5) and confirmed by electron microscopy. Non-purified PPs give a detection signal higher than for VL. Results suggested that the signal difference observed in MAC-ELISA was probably due to the intrinsic antigenic properties of particles. The use of CHIKV bioparticles such as VLPs and PPs represents an attractive alternative to VL. Compared to VL and VLPs, non-purified PPs have proven to be more powerful antigens for specific IgM capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Theillet
- bioMérieux, Innovation New Immuno-Concepts, Chemin de l'Orme, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France; Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.
| | - Jérôme Martinez
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays dpt., Biomolecule Engineering - bioMAP, Chemin de l'Orme, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Christophe Steinbrugger
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays dpt., Biomolecule Engineering - bioMAP, Chemin de l'Orme, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Dimitri Lavillette
- Unit of Interspecies Transmission of Arboviruses and Antivirals, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pascal Dalbon
- bioMérieux, Innovation New Immuno-Concepts, Chemin de l'Orme, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France; IRBA, Unité de virologie - CNR des Arbovirus, HIA Laveran - CS50004, 13384 Marseille cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Bedin
- bioMérieux, Innovation New Immuno-Concepts, Chemin de l'Orme, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
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Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases have become more common as previously geographically isolated diseases have spread globally. Chikungunya, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika are a few of the common and emerging viral diseases spread by mosquitoes. A thorough patient history, physical, and knowledge of diagnostic testing based on symptom duration is important to make a quick and accurate diagnosis. Because the treatment for many of these diseases is supportive, the emphasis is on reducing risk and spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobart Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1200 California Street, Suite 240, Redlands, CA 92374, USA.
| | - Sara Halverson
- Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1200 California Street, Suite 240, Redlands, CA 92374, USA
| | - Ngozi Ezinwa
- Department of Family Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 1200 California Street, Suite 240, Redlands, CA 92374, USA
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Goyal M, Chauhan A, Goyal V, Jaiswal N, Singh S, Singh M. Recent development in the strategies projected for chikungunya vaccine in humans. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:4195-4206. [PMID: 30573950 PMCID: PMC6292406 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s181574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented epidemic spread of chikungunya worldwide illustrates the critical need for potent vaccines and therapeutic interventions. The morbidity and mortality associated with this arboviral infection has become a major public health problem in many countries across different continents. Increasing public–private partnerships have opened new avenues in research and development of vaccines. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances in patented approaches for chikungunya vaccine development and the forthcoming challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Anil Chauhan
- Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | | | - Nishant Jaiswal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, .,Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, .,Indian Council of Medical Research Advanced Centre for Evidence Based Child Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,
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Narula A, Pandey RK, Khatoon N, Mishra A, Prajapati VK. Excavating chikungunya genome to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine using comprehensive immunoinformatics approach to control chikungunya infection. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 61:4-15. [PMID: 29535024 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya infection has been a cause of countless deaths worldwide. Due to lack of permanent treatment and prevention of this disease, the mortality rate remains very high. Therefore, we followed an immunoinformatics approach for the development of multi-epitope subunit vaccine which is able to elucidate humoral, cell-mediated and innate immune responses inside the host body. Both structural and non-structural proteins of chikungunya virus were utilized for prediction of B-cell and T-cell binding epitopes along with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inducing epitopes. The vaccine construct is composed of β-defensin as an adjuvant at the N-terminal followed by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTL) and Helper T-Lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes. The same vaccine construct was also utilized for the prediction of B-cell binding epitopes and IFN-γ inducing epitopes. This was followed by the 3D model generation, refinement and validation of the vaccine construct. Later on, the interaction of modeled vaccine with the innate immune receptor (TLR-3) was explored by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Also to check the efficiency of expression of this vaccine construct in an expression vector, in silico cloning was performed at the final stage of vaccine development. Further, designed multi-epitope subunit vaccine necessitates experimental and clinical investigation to develop as an immunogenic vaccine candidate.
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitos in tropical and subtropical regions across the
world. After decades of sporadic outbreaks, it re-emerged in Africa, Asia, India
Ocean and America suddenly, causing major regional epidemics recently and becoming a
notable global health problem. Infection by CHIKV results in a spectrum of clinical
diseases including an acute self-limiting febrile illness in most individuals, a
chronic phase of recurrent join pain in a proportion of patients, and long-term
arthralgia for months to years for the unfortunate few. No specific anti-viral drugs
or licensed vaccines for CHIKV are available so far. A better understanding of
virus-host interactions is essential for the development of therapeutics and
vaccines. To this end, we reviewed the existing knowledge on CHIKV’s epidemiology,
clinical presentation, molecular virology, diagnostic approaches, host immune
response, vaccine development, and available animal models. Such a comprehensive
overview, we believe, will shed lights on the promises and challenges in CHIKV
vaccine development.
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Abstract
Safe and efficacious vaccines are arguably the most successful medical interventions of all time. Yet the ongoing discovery of new pathogens, along with emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and a burgeoning population at risk of such infections, imposes unprecedented public health challenges. To meet these challenges, innovative strategies to discover and develop new or improved anti-infective vaccines are necessary. These approaches must intersect the most meaningful insights into protective immunity and advanced technologies with capabilities to deliver immunogens for optimal immune protection. This goal is considered through several recent advances in host-pathogen relationships, conceptual strides in vaccinology, and emerging technologies. Given a clear and growing risk of pandemic disease should the threat of infection go unmet, developing vaccines that optimize protective immunity against high-priority and antibiotic-resistant pathogens represents an urgent and unifying imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509; .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502
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Abdelnabi R, Jochmans D, Verbeken E, Neyts J, Delang L. Antiviral treatment efficiently inhibits chikungunya virus infection in the joints of mice during the acute but not during the chronic phase of the infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:113-117. [PMID: 28958920 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir (T-705) is a broad spectrum antiviral which has been approved in Japan for the treatment of severe influenza virus infections. We reported earlier that favipiravir inhibits the in vitro replication of CHIKV and protects against disease progression in CHIKV-infected immunodeficient mice. We here explored whether favipiravir is also able to inhibit CHIKV replication in the joints of mice either when treatment is initiated during the acute or during the chronic phase of the infection. To this end, C57BL/6J mice were infected with CHIKV in the left hind footpad and treatment with favipiravir (300 mg/kg/day, orally) was either given from day 0 to day 3 post-infection (p.i.) or from day 49 to day 55 p.i. In the untreated mice, viral RNA was still detectable in the joints up to 98 days p.i., yet no infectious viral particles were observed in these tissues. The 4 days treatment during the acute phase of the infection resulted in complete inhibition of systemic viral spread. As a consequence, no viral RNA was detected in the non-inoculated feet in contrast to the situation in the untreated control mice. When treatment was initiated at day 49 p.i., no significant reduction in viral RNA levels in joints were noted as compared to the untreated control. Interestingly, when attempting to amplify by RT-PCR material corresponding to virus genome from the chronic phase samples, some parts of the genome, such as the viral polymerase gene could not be amplified. Collectively, these results suggest that the viral RNA detected in the joints during the chronic phase is likely defective, which also explains the lack of effect of a viral replication inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- University of Leuven and Leuven University Hospitals, Department of Pathology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Delang
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Lu JW, Hsieh PS, Lin CC, Hu MK, Huang SM, Wang YM, Liang CY, Gong Z, Ho YJ. Synergistic effects of combination treatment using EGCG and suramin against the chikungunya virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:595-602. [PMID: 28760340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya is a severe disease that results from infection with the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus. Thus, we (1) explored a new approach to combining previously researched drugs that have shown the potential to inhibit CHIKV infection; and (2) demonstrated the antiviral effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we used U2OS cells infected with CHIVK to assess the synergistic antiviral activities of EGCG and suramin. EGCG presented the ability to inhibit the viral RNA, progeny yield, and cytopathic effect (CPE) of CHIKV and also demonstrated the ability to protect against virus entry, replication, and release. Moreover, the results confirmed that EGCG and suramin can have synergistic effects against CHIKV strain S27 infection and two other clinical isolates of CHIKV. Our findings suggest that treatment with a combination of EGCG and suramin could provide a basis for the development of novel stretages against CHIKV infection.
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32
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Cirimotich CM, Vela EM, Garver J, Barnewall RE, Miller BD, Meister GT, Rogers JV. Chikungunya virus infection in Cynomolgus macaques following Intradermal and aerosol exposure. Virol J 2017; 14:135. [PMID: 28728590 PMCID: PMC5520379 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted via mosquito bite and potentially by aerosol, causing chikungunya fever and arthritic disease in humans. There are currently no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapeutics to protect against CHIKV infection in humans. Animal models recapitulating human disease, especially for transmission by aerosol, are needed for licensure of such medical countermeasures. METHODS Cynomolgus macaques (CMs) were challenged by intradermal (ID) inoculation or exposure to an aerosol containing CHIKV Ross strain at different target infectious doses (103-107 plaque forming units (PFU)). The clinical and virologic courses of disease were monitored up to 14 days post-exposure. RESULTS ID infection of CMs led to overt clinical disease, detectable viremia, and increased blood markers of liver damage. Animals challenged by aerosol exhibited viremia and increased liver damage biomarkers with minimal observed clinical disease. All animals survived CHIKV challenge. CONCLUSIONS We have described CHIKV infection in CMs following ID inoculation and, for the first time, infection by aerosol. Based on limited reported cases in the published literature, the aerosol model recapitulates the virologic findings of human infection via this route. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the potential use of CMs as a model for evaluating medical countermeasures against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M Vela
- Battelle, West Jefferson, OH, 43162, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Abstract
The author reviews the foundation of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovations and the choices it has made for funding of vaccine development against epidemic diseases. He comments on those decisions as well as proposing how CEPI could remain relevant for the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- a Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania ; Vaxconsult, Doylestown , PA , USA
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Silva LA, Dermody TS. Chikungunya virus: epidemiology, replication, disease mechanisms, and prospective intervention strategies. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:737-749. [PMID: 28248203 PMCID: PMC5330729 DOI: 10.1172/jci84417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a reemerging arbovirus, causes a crippling musculoskeletal inflammatory disease in humans characterized by fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, rash, and headache. CHIKV is transmitted by Aedes species of mosquitoes and is capable of an epidemic, urban transmission cycle with high rates of infection. Since 2004, CHIKV has spread to new areas, causing disease on a global scale, and the potential for CHIKV epidemics remains high. Although CHIKV has caused millions of cases of disease and significant economic burden in affected areas, no licensed vaccines or antiviral therapies are available. In this Review, we describe CHIKV epidemiology, replication cycle, pathogenesis and host immune responses, and prospects for effective vaccines and highlight important questions for future research.
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Gómez-Calderón C, Mesa-Castro C, Robledo S, Gómez S, Bolivar-Avila S, Diaz-Castillo F, Martínez-Gutierrez M. Antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of Mammea americana and Tabernaemontana cymosa on Dengue and Chikungunya virus infections. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:57. [PMID: 28100218 PMCID: PMC5241984 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The transmission of Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has increased worldwide, due in part to the lack of a specific antiviral treatment. For this reason, the search for compounds with antiviral potential, either as licensed drugs or in natural products, is a research priority. The objective of this study was to identify some of the compounds that are present in Mammea americana (M. americana) and Tabernaemontana cymosa (T. cymosa) plants and, subsequently, to evaluate their cytotoxicity in VERO cells and their potential antiviral effects on DENV and CHIKV infections in those same cells. Methods Dry ethanolic extracts of M. americana and T. cymosa seeds were subjected to open column chromatographic fractionation, leading to the identification of four compounds: two coumarins, derived from M. americana; and lupeol acetate and voacangine derived from T. cymosa.. The cytotoxicity of each compound was subsequently assessed by the MTT method (at concentrations from 400 to 6.25 μg/mL). Pre- and post-treatment antiviral assays were performed at non-toxic concentrations; the resulting DENV inhibition was evaluated by Real-Time PCR, and the CHIKV inhibition was tested by the plating method. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis. Results The compounds showed low toxicity at concentrations ≤ 200 μg/mL. The compounds coumarin A and coumarin B, which are derived from the M. americana plant, significantly inhibited infection with both viruses during the implementation of the two experimental strategies employed here (post-treatment with inhibition percentages greater than 50%, p < 0.01; and pre-treatment with percentages of inhibition greater than 40%, p < 0.01). However, the lupeol acetate and voacangine compounds, which were derived from the T. cymosa plant, only significantly inhibited the DENV infection during the post-treatment strategy (at inhibition percentages greater than 70%, p < 0.01). Conclusion In vitro, the coumarins are capable of inhibiting infection by DENV and CHIKV (with inhibition percentages above 50% in different experimental strategies), which could indicate that these two compounds are potential antivirals for treating Dengue and Chikungunya fever. Additionally, lupeol acetate and voacangine efficiently inhibit infection with DENV, also turning them into promising antivirals for Dengue fever.
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Abstract
A novel vaccine platform uses DNA immunization to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vivo. This technology has been applied for vaccine development against positive-strand RNA viruses with global public health impact including alphaviruses and flaviviruses. The DNA-launched vaccine represents the recombinant plasmid that encodes the full-length genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus downstream from a eukaryotic promoter. When administered in vivo, the genomic RNA of live-attenuated virus is transcribed. The RNA initiates limited replication of a genetically defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in the tissues of the vaccine recipient, thereby inducing a protective immune response. This platform combines the strengths of reverse genetics, DNA immunization and the advantages of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in a reduced chance of genetic reversions, increased safety, and improved immunization. With this vaccine technology, the field of DNA vaccines is expanded from those that express subunit antigens to include a novel type of DNA vaccines that launch live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, GNL, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc. 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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Torres-Sangiao E, Holban AM, Gestal MC. Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070867. [PMID: 27376260 PMCID: PMC6273484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles has contributed to many advances due to their important properties such as, size, shape or biocompatibility. The use of nanotechnology in medicine has great potential, especially in medical microbiology. Promising data show the possibility of shaping immune responses and fighting severe infections using synthetic materials. Different studies have suggested that the addition of synthetic nanoparticles in vaccines and immunotherapy will have a great impact on public health. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns worldwide; a recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO) states that antibiotic resistance could cause 300 million deaths by 2050. Nanomedicine offers an innovative tool for combating the high rates of resistance that we are fighting nowadays, by the development of both alternative therapeutic and prophylaxis approaches and also novel diagnosis methods. Early detection of infectious diseases is the key to a successful treatment and the new developed applications based on nanotechnology offer an increased sensibility and efficiency of the diagnosis. The aim of this review is to reveal and discuss the main advances made on the science of nanomaterials for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Highlighting innovative approaches utilized to: (i) increasing the efficiency of vaccines; (ii) obtaining shuttle systems that require lower antibiotic concentrations; (iii) developing coating devices that inhibit microbial colonization and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torres-Sangiao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Santiago de Compostela, Galicia 15782, Spain.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
| | - Monica Cartelle Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens (UGA), GA 30602, USA.
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