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Jeyachandran AV, Irudayam JI, Dubey S, Chakravarty N, Konda B, Shah A, Su B, Wang C, Cui Q, Williams KJ, Srikanth S, Shi Y, Deb A, Damoiseaux R, Stripp BR, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Comparative Analysis of Molecular Pathogenic Mechanisms and Antiviral Development Targeting Old and New World Hantaviruses. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.04.552083. [PMID: 37577539 PMCID: PMC10418258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Hantaviruses - dichotomized into New World (i.e. Andes virus, ANDV; Sin Nombre virus, SNV) and Old-World viruses (i.e. Hantaan virus, HTNV) - are zoonotic viruses transmitted from rodents to humans. Currently, no FDA-approved vaccines against hantaviruses exist. Given the recent breakthrough to human-human transmission by the ANDV, an essential step is to establish an effective pandemic preparedness infrastructure to rapidly identify cell tropism, infective potential, and effective therapeutic agents through systematic investigation. Methods We established human cell model systems in lung (airway and distal lung epithelial cells), heart (pluripotent stem cell-derived (PSC-) cardiomyocytes), and brain (PSC-astrocytes) cell types and subsequently evaluated ANDV, HTNV and SNV tropisms. Transcriptomic, lipidomic and bioinformatic data analyses were performed to identify the molecular pathogenic mechanisms of viruses in different cell types. This cell-based infection system was utilized to establish a drug testing platform and pharmacogenomic comparisons. Results ANDV showed broad tropism for all cell types assessed. HTNV replication was predominantly observed in heart and brain cells. ANDV efficiently replicated in human and mouse 3D distal lung organoids. Transcriptomic analysis showed that ANDV infection resulted in pronounced inflammatory response and downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in lung cells. Lipidomic profiling revealed that ANDV-infected cells showed reduced level of cholesterol esters and triglycerides. Further analysis of pathway-based molecular signatures showed that, compared to SNV and HTNV, ANDV infection caused drastic lung cell injury responses. A selective drug screening identified STING agonists, nucleoside analogues and plant-derived compounds that inhibited ANDV viral infection and rescued cellular metabolism. In line with experimental results, transcriptome data shows that the least number of total and unique differentially expressed genes were identified in urolithin B- and favipiravir-treated cells, confirming the higher efficiency of these two drugs in inhibiting ANDV, resulting in host cell ability to balance gene expression to establish proper cell functioning. Conclusions Overall, our study describes advanced human PSC-derived model systems and systems-level transcriptomics and lipidomic data to better understand Old and New World hantaviral tropism, as well as drug candidates that can be further assessed for potential rapid deployment in the event of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swati Dubey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Chakravarty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bindu Konda
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baolong Su
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Qi Cui
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Dept. of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Lung and Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Fawcett SJ, Chen JS, Fawcett RW. Acute Hantavirus Infection Presenting with Fever and Altered Mentation in the Absence of Pulmonary or Renal Manifestations. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac430. [PMID: 36119963 PMCID: PMC9472660 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Illness caused by hantaviruses is often severe and is typically characterized by diffuse pulmonary disease or renal insufficiency depending on the type of hantavirus. Here we report 2 cases of hantavirus infection that resulted in severe cognitive impairment but did not have any pulmonary or renal manifestations. These 2 cases may be indicative of previously underreported symptoms of hantavirus infection and might represent examples of hantavirus-related encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey S Chen
- Columbia Sands Medical Specialties, LLC , Redmond, OR , U.S
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Kell AM. Innate Immunity to Orthohantaviruses: Could Divergent Immune Interactions Explain Host-specific Disease Outcomes? J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167230. [PMID: 34487792 PMCID: PMC8894506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Orthohantavirus (family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales) consists of numerous genetic and pathologically distinct viral species found within rodent and mammalian insectivore populations world-wide. Although reservoir hosts experience persistent asymptomatic infection, numerous rodent-borne orthohantaviruses cause severe disease when transmitted to humans, with case-fatality rates up to 40%. The first isolation of an orthohantavirus occurred in 1976 and, since then, the field has made significant progress in understanding the immune correlates of disease, viral interactions with the human innate immune response, and the immune kinetics of reservoir hosts. Much still remains elusive regarding the molecular mechanisms of orthohantavirus recognition by the innate immune response and viral antagonism within the reservoir host, however. This review provides a summary of the last 45 years of research into orthohantavirus interaction with the host innate immune response. This summary includes discussion of current knowledge involving human, non-reservoir rodent, and reservoir innate immune responses to viruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome. Review of the literature concludes with a brief proposition for the development of novel tools needed to drive forward investigations into the molecular mechanisms of innate immune activation and consequences for disease outcomes in the various hosts for orthohantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Kell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, 915 Camino de Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Hansen M, Nolan MS, Gorchakov R, Hasbun R, Murray KO, Ronca SE. Unique Cytokine Response in West Nile Virus Patients Who Developed Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020311. [PMID: 33671257 PMCID: PMC7922428 DOI: 10.3390/v13020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread and devastating disease, especially in those who develop neuroinvasive disease. A growing body of evidence describes sequelae years after infection, including neurological complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eighty-nine out of 373 WNV-positive cases were followed for approximately two years and compared to 127 WNV-negative controls with and without CKD. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were calculated via a log binomial regression to determine the impact of WNV exposure and other possible confounders on the likelihood of developing CKD. Cytokine profiles of WNV patients and controls were evaluated to characterize differences and describe potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The associated risk for developing CKD was significantly associated with history of WNV infection (aRR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.13–3.25). Additionally, five distinct cytokines were found to be significantly associated with WNV infection (eotaxin, IL-8, IL-12p70, IP-10, and TNFα) after the p-value was adjusted to <0.0019 due to the Bonferroni correction. These data support that WNV infection is an independent risk factor for CKD, even after accounting for confounding comorbidities. WNV participants who developed CKD had high activity of proinflammatory markers, indicating underlying inflammatory disease. This study provides new insights into CKD resultant of WNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hansen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Rodion Gorchakov
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.); (K.O.M.)
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.); (K.O.M.)
| | - Shannon E. Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.); (K.O.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Lu S, Zhu N, Guo W, Wang X, Li K, Yan J, Jiang C, Han S, Xiang H, Wu X, Liu Y, Xiong H, Chen L, Gong Z, Luo F, Hou W. RNA-Seq Revealed a Circular RNA-microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Hantaan Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:97. [PMID: 32232013 PMCID: PMC7083127 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV), a Hantavirus serotype that is prevalent in Asia, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with high mortality in human race. However, the pathogenesis of HTNV infection remains elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new type of non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in various pathogenic processes. Nevertheless, circRNA expression profiles and their effects on pathogenesis of HTNV infection are still completely unknown. In the present study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the circRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA expression profiles in HTNV-infected and mock-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A total of 70 circRNAs, 66 miRNAs, and 788 mRNAs were differently expressed. Several differentially expressed RNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, we verified that some differentially expressed RNAs, such as circ_0000479, miR-149-5p, miR-330-5p, miR-411-3p, RIG-I, CMPK2, PARP10, and GBP1, promoted or inhibited HTNV replication. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis demonstrated that the host genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were principally involved in the innate immune response, the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. Additionally, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was integrally analyzed. The data showed that there were many circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in HTNV infection. By dual-luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that circ_0000479 indirectly regulated RIG-I expression by sponging miR-149-5p, hampering viral replication. This study for the first time presents a comprehensive overview of circRNAs induced by HTNV and reveals that a network of enriched circRNAs and circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) is involved in the regulation of HTNV infection, thus offering new insight into the mechanisms underlying HTNV-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanmin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Fernando R, Capone D, Elrich S, Mantovani R, Quarles L, D'Amato A, Lowe N, Malhotra A, Khoo T, Zufan S, Morales-Betoulle M, Brown SM, Cannon D, Graziano JC, Klena JD, Whitmer S, Nichol ST, Strachan P, Camins BC, Marcos LA. Infection with New York Orthohantavirus and Associated Respiratory Failure and Multiple Cerebral Complications. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1241-1243. [PMID: 30844358 PMCID: PMC6537728 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.181966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of infection with New York orthohantavirus in a woman who showed renal impairment and hemorrhage, complicated by hydrocephalus, in Long Island, New York, USA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus was genetically similar to a New York orthohantavirus isolated in the same region during 1993.
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Kumar M, Belcaid M, Nerurkar VR. Identification of host genes leading to West Nile virus encephalitis in mice brain using RNA-seq analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26350. [PMID: 27211830 DOI: 10.1038/srep26350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential host responses may be critical determinants of distinct pathologies of West Nile virus (WNV) NY99 (pathogenic) and WNV Eg101 (non-pathogenic) strains. We employed RNA-seq technology to analyze global differential gene expression in WNV-infected mice brain and to identify the host cellular factors leading to lethal encephalitis. We identified 1,400 and 278 transcripts, which were differentially expressed after WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101 infections, respectively, and 147 genes were common to infection with both the viruses. Genes that were up-regulated in infection with both the viruses were mainly associated with interferon signaling. Genes associated with inflammation and cell death/apoptosis were only expressed after WNV NY99 infection. We demonstrate that differences in the activation of key pattern recognition receptors resulted in the induction of unique innate immune profiles, which corresponded with the induction of interferon and inflammatory responses. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that after WNV NY99 infection, TREM-1 mediated activation of toll-like receptors leads to the high inflammatory response. In conclusion, we have identified both common and specific responses to WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101 infections as well as genes linked to potential resistance to infection that may be targets for therapeutics.
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Jackson AR, Shah A, Kumar A. Methamphetamine alters the normal progression by inducing cell cycle arrest in astrocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109603. [PMID: 25290377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent psychostimulant with a high addictive capacity, which induces many deleterious effects on the brain. Chronic MA abuse leads to cognitive dysfunction and motor impairment. MA affects many cells in the brain, but the effects on astrocytes of repeated MA exposure is not well understood. In this report, we used Gene chip array to analyze the changes in the gene expression profile of primary human astrocytes treated with MA for 3 days. Range of genes were found to be differentially regulated, with a large number of genes significantly downregulated, including NEK2, TTK, TOP2A, and CCNE2. Gene ontology and pathway analysis showed a highly significant clustering of genes involved in cell cycle progression and DNA replication. Further pathway analysis showed that the genes downregulated by multiple MA treatment were critical for G2/M phase progression and G1/S transition. Cell cycle analysis of SVG astrocytes showed a significant reduction in the percentage of cell in the G2/M phase with a concomitant increase in G1 percentage. This was consistent with the gene array and validation data, which showed that repeated MA treatment downregulated the genes associated with cell cycle regulation. This is a novel finding, which explains the effect of MA treatment on astrocytes and has clear implication in neuroinflammation among the drug abusers.
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