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Lu M, Zhang L, Pan J, Shi H, Zhang M, Li C. Advances in the study of the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn ( Crataegus anamesa Sarg.) extracts in cardiovascular diseases. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37337667 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorn belongs to the rose family and is a type of functional food. It contains various chemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and organic acid compounds. This study aimed to review the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn and its extracts on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hawthorn has a wide range of biological functions. Evidence suggests that the active components of HE reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, regulate lipid levels to prevent lipid accumulation, and inhibit free cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation. Additionally, hawthorn extract (HE) can protect vascular endothelial function, regulate endothelial dysfunction, and promote vascular endothelial relaxation. It has also been reported that the effective components of hawthorn can prevent age-related endothelial dysfunction, increase cellular calcium levels, cause antiplatelet aggregation, and promote antithrombosis. In clinical trials, HE has been proved to reduce the adverse effects of CVDs on blood lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, and exercise tolerance. Previous studies have pointed to the benefits of hawthorn and its extracts in treating atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Therefore, as both medicine and food, hawthorn can be used as a new drug source for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Huishan Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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Abstract
Exosomes are biological small spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by most cells in the body. Their contents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can transfer material molecules between cells and consequently have a variety of biological functions, participating in disease development while exhibiting potential value as biomarkers and therapeutics. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are vital mediators of vascular remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammatory cells, and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) can communicate through exosomes; such communication is associated with inflammatory responses, cell migration and proliferation, and cell metabolism, leading to changes in vascular function and structure. Essential hypertension (EH), atherosclerosis (AS), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are the most common vascular diseases and are associated with significant vascular remodeling. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the involvement of exosomes in vascular remodeling through intercellular information exchange and provides new ideas for understanding related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Zhang,
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Wei Y. Evaluating Sex Differences in the Effect of Increased Systolic Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Heart 2022; 17:70. [DOI: 10.5334/gh.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cester L, Starshynov I, Jones Y, Pellicori P, Cleland JGF, Faccio D. Remote laser-speckle sensing of heart sounds for health assessment and biometric identification. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:3743-3750. [PMID: 35991923 PMCID: PMC9352283 DOI: 10.1364/boe.451416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of heart sounds is the cornerstone of cardiac examination, but it requires a stethoscope, skills and experience, and a direct contact with the patient. We developed a contactless, machine-learning assisted method for heart-sound identification and quantification based on the remote measurement of the reflected laser speckle from the neck skin surface in healthy individuals. We compare the performance of this method to standard digital stethoscope recordings on an example task of heart-beat sound biometric identification. We show that our method outperforms the stethoscope even allowing identification on the test data taken on different days. This method might allow development of devices for remote monitoring of cardiovascular health in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Cester
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Ilya Starshynov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Yola Jones
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - John G. F. Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
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Xing Y, Zhang L, Hou Z, Li X, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Zhang F, Liang S, Li Z, Yan L. Accurate ECG Classification Based on Spiking Neural Network and Attentional Mechanism for Real-Time Implementation on Personal Portable Devices. Electronics 2022; 11:1889. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat classification plays a vital role in early diagnosis and effective treatment, which provide opportunities for earlier prevention and intervention. In an effort to continuously monitor and detect abnormalities in patients’ ECG signals on portable devices, this paper present a lightweight ECG heartbeat classification method based on a spiking neural network (SNN), a relatively shallow SNN model integrated with a channel-wise attentional module. We further explore the best-optimized architecture, which benefits from leveraging the full advantages of the SNN potential with the attention mechanism to process the classification task at low power and capture prominent features concerning the time, morphology, and multi-channel representations of the ECG signal. Results show that our model achieves overall classification accuracy of 98.26%, sensitivity of 94.75%, and F1 score of 89.09% on the MIT-BIH database, with energy consumption of 346.33 μJ per beat and runtime of 1.37 ms. Moreover, we have conducted multiple experiments to compare against current state-of-the-art methods using their assessment strategies to evaluate our model implementation on FPGA. So far, our work achieves comparable overall performance with all the literature in terms of classification accuracy, energy consumption, and real-time capability.
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Zhang R, Fan Y, Qi W, Wang A, Tang X, Gao T. Current research and future prospects of IVOCT imaging-based detection of the vascular lumen and vulnerable plaque. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202100376. [PMID: 35139263 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) is an imaging method that has developed rapidly in recent years and is useful in coronary atherosclerosis diagnosis. It is widely used in the assessment of vulnerable plaque. This review summarizes the main research methods used in recent years for blood vessel lumen boundary detection and segmentation and vulnerable plaque segmentation and classification. This article aims to comprehensively and systematically introduce the research progress on internal tissues of blood vessels based on IVOCT images. The characteristics and advantages of various methods have been summarized to provide theoretical ideas and methods for the reference of relevant researchers and scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Fan
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenliu Qi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ancong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Hui H, Jing J, Tian F, Jiang J, Yang X, Chen Y, Tian J. Structure attention co-training neural network for neovascularization segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography. Med Phys 2022; 49:1723-1738. [PMID: 35061247 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To development and validate a Neovascularization (NV) segmentation model in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) through deep learning methods. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 1950 2D slices of 70 IVOCT pullbacks were used in our study. We randomly selected 1273 2D slices from 44 patients as the training set, 379 2D slices from 11 patients as the validation set, and 298 2D slices from the last 15 patients as the testing set. Automatic NV segmentation is quite challenging, as it must address issues of speckle noise, shadow artifacts, high distribution variation, etc. To meet these challenges, a new deep learning-based segmentation method is developed based on a co-training architecture with an integrated structural attention mechanism. Co-training is developed to exploit the features of three consecutive slices. The structural attention mechanism comprises spatial and channel attention modules and is integrated into the co-training architecture at each up-sampling step. A cascaded fixed network is further incorporated to achieve segmentation at the image level in a coarse-to-fine manner. RESULTS Extensive experiments were performed involving a comparison with several state-of-the-art deep learning-based segmentation methods. Moreover, the consistency of the results with those of manual segmentation was also investigated. Our proposed NV automatic segmentation method achieved the highest correlation with the manual delineation by interventional cardiologists (the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.825). CONCLUSION In this work, we proposed a co-training architecture with an integrated structural attention mechanism to segment NV in IVOCT images. The good agreement between our segmentation results and manual segmentation indicates that the proposed method has great potential for application in the clinical investigation of NV-related plaque diagnosis and treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hui Hui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jingying Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China.,Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
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Amoah J, Said S, Rampal L, Manaf R, Ibrahim N, Owusu-Agyei S, Poku Asante K. Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors among secondary school students: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259581. [PMID: 34762713 PMCID: PMC8584749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number cause of death worldwide. In Ghana CVD has been the leading cause of death since 2001. The prevalence of CVD risk factors among adolescents in Ghana has been increasing. This study seeks to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of a behavioral modification intervention program to reduce CVD risk factors among secondary school students in Brong Ahafo, Ghana. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with schools as clusters over a period of six-months with pre and post intervention evaluations. Participants were public secondary school students (14-19 years) from four schools in Brong Ahafo, Ghana. Students in the intervention group were trained by the researchers whereas those of the control group received no intervention. The intervention included health education and physical activity modules. Follow-up data using same questionnaire were collected within two weeks after the intervention was completed. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed after replacing missing values using the multiple imputation method. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to assess the effects of the intervention study. RESULTS The GLMM analyses showed the intervention was effective in attaining 0.77(p<0.001), 0.72(p<0.001), 0.47(p<0.001), 0.56(p<0.001), and 0.39(p = 0.045) higher total physical activity, fruits, vegetables, seafood, and water scores respectively for the intervention group over the control group. The intervention was also significant in reducing -0.15(p<0.001),-0.23(p<0.001),-0.50(p<0.001),-0.32(p<0.001),-0.90(p<0.001),-0.87(p<0.001),-0.38(p<0.001), -0.63(p<0.001), -1.63(p<0.001), 0.61(p<0.001), and -1.53(p = 0.005) carbohydrates, fats and oils, fried eggs, fried chicken, carbonated drinks, sugar, sweet snacks, salted fish, weight, BMI, and diastolic BP. The odds of quitting alcohol use in the intervention group were 1.06 times more than the control group. There was no significant effect on reducing smoking and systolic BP. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for the intervention program to be integrated into the existing curriculum structure of secondary school schools. Implementing the intervention will allow for longer and more consistent impact on the reduction of CVD risk factors among secondary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Amoah
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Bono-East, Ghana
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmiah Said
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lekhraj Rampal
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosliza Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seth Owusu-Agyei
- Department of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Ho, Volta, Ghana
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Festa J, Da Boit M, Hussain A, Singh H. Potential Benefits of Berry Anthocyanins on Vascular Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100170. [PMID: 34346156 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of global death. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a strong predictor for most CVD making it a therapeutic target for both drug and nutrition interventions. It has been previously shown that polyphenols from wine and grape extracts possess vasodilator activities, due to the increased expression and phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and consequent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production. This is vital in the prevention of ED, as NO production contributes to the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, polyphenols have the ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress, as well as suppress the upregulation of inflammatory markers within the endothelium. However, while the majority of the research has focused on red wine, this has overshadowed the potential of other nutritional components for targeting ED, such as the use of berries. Berries are high in anthocyanin flavonoids a subtype of polyphenols with studies suggesting improved vascular function as a result of inducing NO production and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review focuses on the protective effects of berries within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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Bahrami LS, Arabi SM, Feizy Z, Rezvani R. The effect of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Nitric Oxide 2021; 115:8-22. [PMID: 34119659 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inorganic nitrate is one of the most effective compounds in beetroot for improving cardiovascular function due to its conversion to nitric oxide in the body. This review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on adults' cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published without time limitation until November 2020 in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and gray literature databases. We included the original randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which the effect of beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure was studied. RESULTS 43 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, out of which 27 were eligible for meta-analysis. Beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation significantly decreased Arterial Stiffness (Pulse Wave Velocity (-0.27 m/s, p = 0.04)) and increased Endothelial function (Flow Mediated Dilation: 0.62%, p = 0.002) but did not change other parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Beetroot inorganic nitrate supplementation might have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Further high-quality investigations will be needed to provide sufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadat Bahrami
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Zahra Feizy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79414, USA.
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Jeong YW. Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:360. [PMID: 33806720 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: It is essential to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases’ symptoms and reduce treatment delays among women with hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases’ warning signs (KCVDs), according to awareness of their blood pressure levels (AoBP), and identify the factors associated with KCVDs and AoBP in women with HTN. (2) Methods: This study used the data from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018. A total of 29,832 women with HTN were included in the final analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, KCVDs, and AoBP were identified. A negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with KCVDs. (3) Results: Of the participants, 42.9% were not aware of their blood pressure level, and 9.1% did not have any knowledge of KCVD symptoms. Factors associated with KCVDs were AoBP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.121, p < 0.001), middle age (OR = 1.012, p = 0.008), employment (OR = 1.034, p < 0.017), and being married and living with a spouse (OR = 1.068, p < 0.001). Lower levels of education (OR = 0.931, p < 0.001) and regular walking (OR = 0.964, p = 0.015) were also associated with KCVDs. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective health status were associated with increased AoBP. (4) Conclusions: AoBP was positively associated with KCVDs. It is necessary to include AoBP in public campaigns and regular policy support to improve KCVDs. In addition, findings in this study can serve as basic data for developing socio-cultural interventions, aimed at mitigating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, by improving levels of KCVDs.
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Gao Q, Qin LQ, Arafa A, Eshak ES, Dong JY. Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:241-6. [PMID: 32238201 DOI: 10.1017/S000711452000121X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effects of strawberry interventions on cardiovascular risk factors. We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to identify eligible studies published before 19 May 2019. The endpoints were blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, fasting blood glucose, endothelial function and inflammatory factors. Pooled analyses were performed using random- or fixed-effects models according to a heterogeneity test. We also conducted sub-group analyses by baseline endpoint levels. We included eleven RCT in this meta-analysis (six for blood pressure, seven for lipid profile, seven for fasting blood glucose and six for C-reactive protein (CRP)). Overall, the strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels by 0·63 (95 % CI -1·04, -0·22) mg/l but did not affect blood pressure, lipid profile or fasting blood glucose in the main analyses. Our analysis stratified by baseline endpoint levels showed the strawberry interventions significantly reduced TC among people with baseline levels >5 mmol/l (-0·52 (95 % CI -0·88, -0·15) mmol/l) and reduced LDL-cholesterol among people with baseline levels >3 mmol/l (-0·31 (95 % CI -0·60, -0·02) mmol/l). There was little evidence of heterogeneity in the analysis and no evidence of publication bias. In summary, strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels and may improve TC and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with high baseline levels.
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Carter HE, Schofield D, Shrestha R. Productivity costs of cardiovascular disease mortality across disease types and socioeconomic groups. Open Heart 2019; 6:e000939. [PMID: 30997129 PMCID: PMC6443138 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest contributor to global mortality. Premature mortality due to CVD results in a loss of productivity, with associated economic and policy implications that are often overlooked. Methods A human capital approach was adopted to project the long-term impacts of Australian CVD deaths in 2003 on labour force participation and the present value of lifetime income (PVLI) forgone. Impacts were modelled to the year 2030 and accounted for individual characteristics at the time of death including age, sex and socioeconomic status. Results Premature deaths due to CVD in 2003 accounted for 51 659 working years and $2.69 billion in PVLI forgone when modelled to 2030 (95% CI $2.63 billion to $2.75 billion). The labour force impacts were highest for individuals aged between 35 and 64 at the time of death, and male deaths accounted for 87% of the total PVLI loss. The most costly disease type was ischaemic heart disease, followed by stroke and inflammatory heart disease. Deaths occurring in individuals residing in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas at the time of death had a disproportionately large impact on the total PVLI loss. Conclusions This study quantifies the relative productivity costs of CVD mortality across a range of disease types and socioeconomic groups. The magnitude of these costs highlights the scope for investments in effective healthcare interventions to provide positive economic returns and may assist decision makers in allocating resources among competing priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elizabeth Carter
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah Schofield
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rupendra Shrestha
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Gautam A, Paudel YN, Abidin S, Bhandari U. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist lowers plasma trimethylamine- N-oxide levels: An evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:356-370. [PMID: 30526076 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118817862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the role of guggulsterone (GS), a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the choline metabolism and its trimethylamine (TMA)/flavin monooxygenases/trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) inhibiting potential in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS techniques. Atherosclerosis (AS) was successfully induced in a group of experimental animals fed with 2% choline diet for 6 weeks. Serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, markers for a hepatic injury, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Interestingly, GS reduced the level of TMA/TMAO in both in vitro and in vivo studies as demonstrated by the peaks obtained from HPLC, MS, and LC-MS. Furthermore, GS exhibited cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic effects as evidenced by the attenuation of levels of several serum lipid profiles and different atherogenic risk predictor indexes. GS also prevented hepatic injury by successfully restoring the levels of hepatic injury biomarkers to normal. Similarly, GS inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, as well as GS, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Histopathological study of aortic sections demonstrated that GS maintained the normal architecture in AS-induced rats. On the basis of results obtained from current investigation, we suggest that GS might have a great therapeutic potential for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gautam
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Y N Paudel
- 3 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saz Abidin
- 3 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - U Bhandari
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Seo Y, Kim JS, Park ES, Ryu E. Assessment of the awareness and knowledge of cancer survivors regarding the components of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199142. [PMID: 29920529 PMCID: PMC6007835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the level of knowledge and awareness of its related conditions in a sample of cancer survivor patients. In this cross-sectional survey, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to outpatients aged >20 years with a diagnosis of cancer. This self-reported questionnaire on patient demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and knowledge and awareness of metabolic syndrome was used as an instrument to assess patient's knowledge of metabolic syndrome. A total of 88 participants were included; of these 34.1% had metabolic syndrome, although only 6.8% of participants were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Over half of the participants had heard about metabolic syndrome; however, 70% of the participants did not know about the blood tests for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome although they were aware of the physical measurements, such as weight, blood pressure, and waist circumference. The highest proportion of correct answers for questions about metabolic syndrome was related to stroke, while the lowest was about cholesterol levels. The proportions of correct answers for selected parameters were as follows: diabetes, 39.1%; adiposity, 47.2%; hypertension, 46.8%; cholesterol levels, 36.7%; arteriosclerosis, 45.5%; myocardial infarction, 37.8%; and stroke, 62.8%. The results suggest that the level of knowledge of metabolic syndrome among the cancer survivors in our sample was poor, although more than one-third of them had metabolic syndrome. Thus, it is essential to educate cancer survivors about metabolic syndrome and its related conditions to improve their overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Seo
- Student of Graduate school, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Faculty of College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Eun-shim Park
- Unit Manager, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Ryu
- Faculty of College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cao Y, Jin Q, Lu Y, Jing J, Chen Y, Yin Q, Qin X, Li J, Zhu R, Zhao W. Automatic analysis of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in intravascular optical coherence tomography images. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2495-2510. [PMID: 30258668 PMCID: PMC6154186 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) is a new generation of bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) for the treatment of coronary artery disease. A potential challenge of BVS is malapposition, which may possibly lead to late stent thrombosis. It is therefore important to conduct malapposition analysis right after stenting. Since an intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) image sequence contains thousands of BVS struts, manual analysis is labor intensive and time consuming. Computer-based automatic analysis is an alternative, but faces some difficulties due to the interference of blood artifacts and the uncertainty of the struts number, position and size. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for a struts malapposition analysis that breaks down the problem into two steps. Firstly, struts are detected by a cascade classifier trained by AdaBoost and a region of interest (ROI) is determined for each strut to completely contain it. Then, strut boundaries are segmented within ROIs through dynamic programming. Based on the segmentation result, malapposition analysis is conducted automatically. Tested on 7 pullbacks labeled by an expert, our method correctly detected 91.5% of 5821 BVS struts with 12.1% false positives. The average segmentation Dice coefficient for correctly detected struts was 0.81. The time consumption for a pullback is 15 sec on average. We conclude that our method is accurate and efficient for BVS strut detection and segmentation, and enables automatic BVS malapposition analysis in IVOCT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi,
China
- School of the Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
China
| | - Qinhua Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Yifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,
China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Qinye Yin
- School of the Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
China
| | - Xianjing Qin
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi,
China
- Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Jianan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi,
China
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McLean CC, Teft WA, Morse BL, Gryn SE, Hegele RA, Kim RB. Food Effect on Rosuvastatin Disposition and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:525-533. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheynne C. McLean
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Wendy A. Teft
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Bridget L. Morse
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Steven E. Gryn
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology; Western University; London ON Canada
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Shabani R, Shabani A, Dalili S, Hassanzadeh Rad A. The effect of concurrent endurance and resistance training on cardio-respiratory capacity and cardiovascular risk markers among sedentary overweight or obese post-menopausal women. J Nurs Midwifery Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jnms.jnms_34_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Huber D, Henriksson R, Jakobsson S, Mooe T. Nurse-led telephone-based follow-up of secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome: One-year results from the randomized controlled NAILED-ACS trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183963. [PMID: 28886083 PMCID: PMC5590865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could reduce morbidity and mortality, but guideline targets are seldom reached. We hypothesized that nurse-led telephone-based intervention would increase adherence. Methods The NAILED ACS trial is a prospective, controlled, randomized trial. Patients admitted for ACS at Östersund hospital, Sweden, were randomized to usual follow-up by a general practitioner or a nurse-led intervention. The intervention comprised telephone follow-up after 1 month and then yearly with lifestyle counselling and titration of medications until reaching target values for LDL-C (<2.5 mmol/L) and blood pressure (BP; <140/90 mmHg) or set targets were deemed unachievable. This is a 12-month exploratory analysis of the intervention. Results A total of 768 patients (396 intervention, 372 control) completed the 12-month follow-up. After titration at the 1-month follow-up, mean LDL-C was 0.38 mmol/L (95% CI 0.28 to 0.48, p<0.05), mean systolic BP 7 mmHg (95% CI 4.5 to 9.2, p<0.05), and mean diastolic BP 4 mmHg (95% CI 2.4 to 4.1, p<0.05) lower in the intervention group. Target values for LDL-C and systolic BP were met by 94.1% and 91.9% of intervention patients and 68.4% and 65.6% of controls (p<0.05). At 12 months, mean LDL was 0.3 mmol/L (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4, p <0.05), systolic BP 1.5 mmHg (95% CI -1.0 to 4.1, p = 0.24), and mean diastolic BP 2.1 mmHg (95% CI 0.6 to 3.6, p <0.05) lower in the intervention group. Target values for LDL-C and systolic BP were met in 77.7% and 68.9% of intervention patients and 63.2% and 63.7% of controls (p<0.05 and p = 0.125). Conclusion Nurse-led telephone-based secondary prevention was significantly more efficient at improving LDL-C and diastolic BP levels than usual care. The effect of the intervention declined between 1 and 12 months. Further evaluation of the persistence to the intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Huber
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development—Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Robin Henriksson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development—Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Jakobsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development—Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mooe
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development—Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Naghshtabrizi B, Moradi A, Amiri J, Aarabi S, Sanaei Z. An Evaluation of the Numbers and Locations of Coronary Artery Disease with Some of the Major Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC21-OC24. [PMID: 28969179 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/29104.10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite definite recognition of major atherosclerotic risk factors, the relationship between the pattern of coronary artery disease and these risk factors is unknown. AIM The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between some of the major atherosclerotic risk factors and the number and pattern of coronary artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease who presented to Farshchian Heart University Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we investigated some of the major atherosclerotic risk factors and their relationships with the type of coronary artery disease in terms of number and location of disease. A total of 1100 patients were enrolled with coronary artery disease confirmed by selective coronary angiography from 2010-2014. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 1100 patients enrolled in this study. The patient population consisted of 743 (67.5%) males and 357 (32.5%) females. A meaningful relationship existed between ageing, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and 3-Vessel Disease (3VD, p<0.001) as well as between hyperlipidemia and Single Vessel Disease (SVD, p<0.001). Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia showed greater potential to develop coronary artery disease at the proximal section of the coronary arteries. CONCLUSION Based on the relationship between some of the major risk factors and the pattern of coronary artery disease in the current study, prospective studies should investigate other risk factors. We recommend that a plan should be developed to reduce adjustable risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in order to decrease coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behshad Naghshtabrizi
- Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Moradi
- Epidemiologist, Department of Community Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalaleddin Amiri
- Assistant Professor, Deputy for Health, Department of Paediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sepide Aarabi
- Consultant, Department of Cardiology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sanaei
- Community Medicine Specialist, Department of Community Medicine, Education Development Office, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Toth PP, Danese M, Villa G, Qian Y, Beaubrun A, Lira A, Jansen JP. Estimated burden of cardiovascular disease and value-based price range for evolocumab in a high-risk, secondary-prevention population in the US payer context. J Med Econ 2017; 20:555-564. [PMID: 28097904 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2017.1284078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate real-world cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and value-based price range of evolocumab for a US-context, high-risk, secondary-prevention population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Burden of CVD was assessed using the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in order to capture complete CV burden including CV mortality. Patients on standard of care (SOC; high-intensity statins) in CPRD were selected based on eligibility criteria of FOURIER, a phase 3 CV outcomes trial of evolocumab, and categorized into four cohorts: high-risk prevalent atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cohort (n = 1448), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 602), ischemic stroke (IS) (n = 151), and heart failure (HF) (n = 291) incident cohorts. The value-based price range for evolocumab was assessed using a previously published economic model. The model incorporated CPRD CV event rates and considered CV event reduction rate ratios per 1 mmol/L reduction in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) from a meta-analysis of statin trials by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration (CTTC), i.e. CTTC relationship. RESULTS Multiple-event rates of composite CV events (ACS, IS, or coronary revascularization) per 100 patient-years were 12.3 for the high-risk prevalent ASCVD cohort, and 25.7, 13.3, and 23.3, respectively, for incident ACS, IS, and HF cohorts. Approximately one-half (42%) of the high-risk ASCVD patients with a new CV event during follow-up had a subsequent CV event. Combining these real-world event rates and the CTTC relationship in the economic model, the value-based price range (credible interval) under a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/quality-adjusted life-year gained for evolocumab was $11,990 ($9,341-$14,833) to $16,856 ($12,903-$20,678) in ASCVD patients with baseline LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL and ≥100 mg/dL, respectively. CONCLUSION Real-world CVD burden is substantial. Using the observed CVD burden in CPRD and the CTTC relationship, the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that, accounting for uncertainties, the expected value-based price for evolocumab is higher than its current annual cost, as long as the payer discount off list price is greater than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Toth
- a CGH Medical Center , Sterling , IL , USA
- b Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Lutherville , MD , USA
| | - Mark Danese
- c Outcomes Insights, Inc , Westlake Village , CA , USA
| | | | - Yi Qian
- e Amgen Inc. , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
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Fernandez M, Boyle E, Hartvigsen J, Ferreira M, Refshauge K, Maher C, Christensen K, Hopper J, Ferreira P. Is this back pain killing me? All‐cause and cardiovascular‐specific mortality in older Danish twins with spinal pain. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:938-948. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernandez
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - E. Boyle
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Hartvigsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
- Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark
| | - M.L. Ferreira
- The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research The Kolling Institute Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - K.M. Refshauge
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - C.G. Maher
- The George Institute for Global Health Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - K. Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - J.L. Hopper
- Australian Twin Registry Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - P.H. Ferreira
- Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
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Cao Y, Cheng K, Qin X, Yin Q, Li J, Zhu R, Zhao W. Automatic Lumen Segmentation in Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Images Using Level Set. Comput Math Methods Med 2017; 2017:4710305. [PMID: 28270857 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4710305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Automatic lumen segmentation from intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images is an important and fundamental work for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. However, it is a very challenging task due to irregular lumen caused by unstable plaque and bifurcation vessel, guide wire shadow, and blood artifacts. To address these problems, this paper presents a novel automatic level set based segmentation algorithm which is very competent for irregular lumen challenge. Before applying the level set model, a narrow image smooth filter is proposed to reduce the effect of artifacts and prevent the leakage of level set meanwhile. Moreover, a divide-and-conquer strategy is proposed to deal with the guide wire shadow. With our proposed method, the influence of irregular lumen, guide wire shadow, and blood artifacts can be appreciably reduced. Finally, the experimental results showed that the proposed method is robust and accurate by evaluating 880 images from 5 different patients and the average DSC value was 98.1% ± 1.1%.
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Zhang X, Khan AA, Haq EU, Rahim A, Hu D, Attia J, Oldmeadow C, Ma X, Ding R, Boyle AJ. Increasing mortality from ischaemic heart disease in China from 2004 to 2010: disproportionate rise in rural areas and elderly subjects. 438 million person-years follow-up. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2016; 3:47-52. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hall M, Cenko E, Bueno H, Gale CP. Contemporary roles of registries in clinical cardiology: Insights from Western and Eastern European countries. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:S13-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Afrin S, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Mezzetti B, Varela-López A, Giampieri F, Battino M. Promising Health Benefits of the Strawberry: A Focus on Clinical Studies. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:4435-49. [PMID: 27172913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential health benefits associated with dietary intake of fruits have attracted increasing interest. Among berries, the strawberry is a rich source of several nutritive and non-nutritive bioactive compounds, which are implicated in various health-promoting and disease preventive effects. A plethora of studies have examined the benefits of strawberry consumption, such as prevention of inflammation disorders and oxidative stress, reduction of obesity related disorders and heart disease risk, and protection against various types of cancer. This review provides an overview of their nutritional and non-nutritional bioactive compounds and which factors affect their content in strawberries. In addition, the bioavailability and metabolism of major strawberry phytochemicals as well as their actions in combating many pathologies, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration, along with microbial pathogenesis have been reviewed, with a particular attention to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Area de Nutrición y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana (UNINI) , Campeche, C.P. 24040, Mexico
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo , E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''José Mataix", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA) , Santander 39011, Spain
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Haugnes HS, Oldenburg J, Bremnes RM. Pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity in long-term testicular cancer survivors. Urol Oncol 2014; 33:399-406. [PMID: 25554583 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common solid organ malignancy among young men at their peak of family life, education, and career. The exceptionally high cure rates are hampered by an increased risk of several treatment-related toxicities that may emerge several years after treatment. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity in long-term survivors of TC. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is associated with the cumulative bleomycin dose, renal function, age and smoking status and can be avoided by a careful patient evaluation before chemotherapy. Lung function assessments are not routinely recommended for detecting bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. Long-term decreased pulmonary function may also be related to other chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin. Cardiovascular disease represents one of the most serious late effects of cytotoxic treatment in TC survivors and typically appears several years to decades after treatment. The increased risk for cardiovascular disease is probably mediated by a direct vascular damage from cytotoxic treatment that may stimulate the endothelium, possibly ultimately inducing the atherosclerotic process, as well as an indirect cytotoxic effect by increasing the levels of cardiovascular risk factors. Follow-up of these cancer survivors should include recommendations for maintaining a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events and to avoid declining pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege S Haugnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Freisinger E, Fuerstenberg T, Malyar NM, Wellmann J, Keil U, Breithardt G, Reinecke H. German nationwide data on current trends and management of acute myocardial infarction: discrepancies between trials and real-life. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:979-88. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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