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Chen H, Cao T, Zhang B, Cai H. The regulatory effects of second-generation antipsychotics on lipid metabolism: Potential mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota and therapeutic implications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097284. [PMID: 36762113 PMCID: PMC9905135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases but cause a high risk of disruption to lipid metabolism, which is an intractable therapeutic challenge worldwide. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this lipid disturbance are complex, an increasing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of the gut microbiota in SGA-induced lipid dysregulation since SGA treatment may alter the abundance and composition of the intestinal microflora. The subsequent effects involve the generation of different categories of signaling molecules by gut microbes such as endogenous cannabinoids, cholesterol, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and gut hormones that regulate lipid metabolism. On the one hand, these signaling molecules can directly activate the vagus nerve or be transported into the brain to influence appetite via the gut-brain axis. On the other hand, these molecules can also regulate related lipid metabolism via peripheral signaling pathways. Interestingly, therapeutic strategies directly targeting the gut microbiota and related metabolites seem to have promising efficacy in the treatment of SGA-induced lipid disturbances. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how SGAs can induce disturbances in lipid metabolism by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
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Ghirardini E, Calugi F, Sagona G, Di Vetta F, Palma M, Battini R, Cioni G, Pizzorusso T, Baroncelli L. The Role of Preclinical Models in Creatine Transporter Deficiency: Neurobiological Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081123. [PMID: 34440297 PMCID: PMC8392480 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine (Cr) Transporter Deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked metabolic disorder, mostly caused by missense mutations in the SLC6A8 gene and presenting with intellectual disability, autistic behavior, and epilepsy. There is no effective treatment for CTD and patients need lifelong assistance. Thus, the research of novel intervention strategies is a major scientific challenge. Animal models are an excellent tool to dissect the disease pathogenetic mechanisms and drive the preclinical development of therapeutics. This review illustrates the current knowledge about Cr metabolism and CTD clinical aspects, with a focus on mainstay diagnostic and therapeutic options. Then, we discuss the rodent models of CTD characterized in the last decade, comparing the phenotypes expressed within clinically relevant domains and the timeline of symptom development. This analysis highlights that animals with the ubiquitous deletion/mutation of SLC6A8 genes well recapitulate the early onset and the complex pathological phenotype of the human condition. Thus, they should represent the preferred model for preclinical efficacy studies. On the other hand, brain- and cell-specific conditional mutants are ideal for understanding the basis of CTD at a cellular and molecular level. Finally, we explain how CTD models might provide novel insight about the pathogenesis of other disorders, including cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/metabolism
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/pathology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/therapy
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Creatine/deficiency
- Creatine/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/metabolism
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/pathology
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/therapy
- Mice
- Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/deficiency
- Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ghirardini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Francesco Calugi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Di Vetta
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Palma
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (G.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128 Pisa, Italy; (E.G.); (G.S.); (R.B.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.V.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Su M, Sun L, Li W, Liu H, Liu Y, Wei Y, Yuan Y, Zheng L, Yin S, Dai C, Zhao C, Pan Z, Li Y. Metformin alleviates hyperuricaemia-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and reversing suppressed white adipose tissue beiging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1537-53. [PMID: 32556103 DOI: 10.1042/CS20200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (HUA) significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and is strongly associated with the increased prevalence of high serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established, especially the effect of uric acid (UA) on adipose tissue, a vital organ in regulating whole-body energy and FFA homeostasis. In the present study, we noticed that adipocytes from the white adipose tissue of patients with HUA were hypertrophied and had decreased UCP1 expression. To test the effects of UA on adipose tissue, we built both in vitro and in vivo HUA models and elucidated that a high level of UA could induce hypertrophy of adipocytes, inhibit their hyperplasia and reduce their beige-like characteristics. According to mRNA-sequencing analysis, UA significantly decreased the expression of leptin in adipocytes, which was closely related to fatty acid metabolism and the AMPK signalling pathway, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, lowering UA using benzbromarone (a uricosuric agent) or metformin-induced activation of AMPK expression significantly attenuated UA-induced FFA metabolism impairment and adipose beiging suppression, which subsequently alleviated serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance in HUA mice. Taken together, these observations confirm that UA is involved in the aetiology of metabolic abnormalities in adipose tissue by regulating leptin-AMPK pathway, and metformin could lessen HUA-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue function via AMPK activation. Therefore, metformin could represent a novel treatment strategy for HUA-related metabolic disorders.
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Schwedhelm E, Song RJ, Vasan RS, van den Heuvel ER, Hannemann J, Xanthakis V, Böger R. Association of Lower Plasma Homoarginine Concentrations with Greater Risk of All-Cause Mortality in the Community: The Framingham Offspring Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2016. [PMID: 32604958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower circulating homoarginine concentrations have been associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assayed plasma homoarginine concentrations in 3331 Framingham Offspring Study participants attending examination cycle six (mean age 58.6 years, 53% women). We evaluated correlates of plasma homoarginine and related homoarginine to incident CVD and death. We also classified participants as having higher (upper quartile) versus lower (lower three quartiles) homoarginine and previously assayed asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations, and created cross-classification groups. We observed 630 incident CVD events and 940 deaths during a median follow-up of 18 years. In multivariable regression analysis, homoarginine was associated positively with male sex, body mass index, anti-hypertensive medication use and systolic blood pressure, but inversely with age and smoking. Higher homoarginine levels were associated with a lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increment, 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) adjusting for standard CVD risk factors, and ADMA. Among the cross-classification groups, participants with higher homoarginine and lower ADMA had a lower mortality risk (HR, 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.98) compared to those with low levels of both. Further studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms of the association of homoarginine and mortality over decades in the community.
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Jensen M, Müller C, Schwedhelm E, Arunachalam P, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Gerloff C, Zeller T, Choe CU. Homoarginine- and Creatine-Dependent Gene Regulation in Murine Brains with l-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051865. [PMID: 32182846 PMCID: PMC7084559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to stroke pathology in both human and mouse studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. To investigate transcriptional changes in cerebral AGAT metabolism, we applied a transcriptome analysis in brains of wild-type (WT) mice compared to untreated AGAT-deficient (AGAT−/−) mice and AGAT−/− mice with creatine or hArg supplementation. We identified significantly regulated genes between AGAT−/− and WT mice in two independent cohorts of mice which can be linked to amino acid metabolism (Ivd, Lcmt2), creatine metabolism (Slc6a8), cerebral myelination (Bcas1) and neuronal excitability (Kcnip3). While Ivd and Kcnip3 showed regulation by hArg supplementation, Bcas1 and Slc6a8 were creatine dependent. Additional regulated genes such as Pla2g4e and Exd1 need further evaluation of their influence on cerebral function. Experimental stroke models showed a significant regulation of Bcas1 and Slc6a8. Together, these results reveal that AGAT deficiency, hArg and creatine regulate gene expression in the brain, which may be critical in stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Märit Jensen
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53770
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Sasani A, Hornig S, Grzybowski R, Cordts K, Hanff E, Tsikas D, Böger R, Gerloff C, Isbrandt D, Neu A, Schwedhelm E, Choe CU. Muscle phenotype of AGAT- and GAMT-deficient mice after simvastatin exposure. Amino Acids 2019; 52:73-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Molinaro A, Alessandrì MG, Putignano E, Leuzzi V, Cioni G, Baroncelli L, Pizzorusso T. A Nervous System-Specific Model of Creatine Transporter Deficiency Recapitulates the Cognitive Endophenotype of the Disease: a Longitudinal Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:62. [PMID: 30635645 PMCID: PMC6329805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in creatine (Cr) transporter (CrT) gene lead to cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome-1 (CTD), an orphan neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with brain Cr deficiency, intellectual disability, seizures, movement and autistic-like behavioral disturbances, language and speech impairment. We have recently generated a murine model of CTD obtained by ubiquitous deletion of 5-7 exons in the CrT gene. These mice showed a marked Cr depletion, associated to early and progressive cognitive impairment, and autistic-like defects, thus resembling the key features of human CTD. Given the importance of extraneural dysfunctions in neurodevelopmental disorders, here we analyzed the specific role of neural Cr in the CTD phenotype. We induced the conditional deletion of Slc6a8 gene in neuronal and glial cells by crossing CrT floxed mice with the Nestin::Cre recombinase Tg (Nes-cre) 1Kln mouse. We report that nervous system-specific Cr depletion leads to a progressive cognitive regression starting in the adult age. No autistic-like features, including repetitive and stereotyped movements, routines and rituals, are present in this model. These results indicate that Cr depletion in the nervous system is a pivotal cause of the CTD pathological phenotype, in particular with regard to the cognitive domain, but extraneural actors also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Molinaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Alessandrì
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124, Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, I-56128, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, I-50135, Florence, Italy
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Borck PC, Vettorazzi JF, Branco RCS, Batista TM, Santos-Silva JC, Nakanishi VY, Boschero AC, Ribeiro RA, Carneiro EM. Taurine supplementation induces long-term beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. Amino Acids 2018; 50:765-774. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Turer E, McAlpine W, Wang KW, Lu T, Li X, Tang M, Zhan X, Wang T, Zhan X, Bu CH, Murray AR, Beutler B. Creatine maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects against colitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:E1273-E1281. [PMID: 28137860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytoplasmic ATP at the expense of mitochondrial ATP via the phosphocreatine shuttle. Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: the transfer of an amidino group from arginine to glycine to form ornithine and guanidinoacetate. We screened 36,530 third-generation germline mutant mice derived from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized grandsires for intestinal homeostasis abnormalities after oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Among 27 colitis susceptibility phenotypes identified and mapped, one was strongly correlated with a missense mutation in Gatm in a recessive model of inheritance, and causation was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting. Supplementation of homozygous Gatm mutants with exogenous creatine ameliorated the colitis phenotype. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted (Gatmc/c ) mice displayed a normal peripheral immune response and immune cell homeostasis. However, the intestinal epithelium of the Gatmc/c mice displayed increased cell death and decreased proliferation during DSS treatment. In addition, Gatmc/c colonocytes showed increased metabolic stress in response to DSS with higher levels of phospho-AMPK and lower levels of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR). These findings establish an in vivo requirement for rapid replenishment of cytoplasmic ATP within colonic epithelial cells in the maintenance of the mucosal barrier after injury.
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Atzler D, Cracowski J, Cordts K, Böger RH, Humbert M, Schwedhelm E. Homoarginine predicts mortality in treatment-naive patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stockebrand M, Nejad AS, Neu A, Kharbanda KK, Sauter K, Schillemeit S, Isbrandt D, Choe C. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal salvage pathways in creatine-deficient AGAT−/− mice. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2025-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Deminice R, de Castro GS, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. Creatine supplementation as a possible new therapeutic approach for fatty liver disease: early findings. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1983-91. [PMID: 26832170 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, consistent data have demonstrated that creatine (Cr) supplementation prevents the accumulation of fat in rat liver as well as the progression of fatty liver disease in different situations. Studies have demonstrated that Cr is effective and prevents fatty liver in high-fat and choline-deficient diets and in hepatoma cells in vitro. Because Cr synthesis is responsible for a considerable consumption of hepatic methyl groups, studies have tested the idea that Cr supplementation could modulate phospholipid formation and VLDL secretion. Studies have also demonstrated Cr is able to modulate the expression of key genes related to fatty acid oxidation in hepatocyte cell culture and in rat liver. However, to date, the mechanism by which Cr exerts protective effects against fatty liver is poorly understood. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize the studies involving the therapeutic use of Cr supplementation on fatty liver disease and to explore the mechanisms involved in one-carbon and fatty acid metabolism for the preventive effects of Cr supplementation on fat liver accumulation. Although a small number of studies have been conducted to date, we consider Cr as a new and promising therapeutic strategy to control fat accumulation in the liver as well as the progression of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S de Castro
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Margaret E Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - John T Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Joncquel-Chevalier Curt M, Voicu PM, Fontaine M, Dessein AF, Porchet N, Mention-Mulliez K, Dobbelaere D, Soto-Ares G, Cheillan D, Vamecq J. Creatine biosynthesis and transport in health and disease. Biochimie 2015; 119:146-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lei MM, Wu SQ, Shao XB, Li XW, Chen Z, Ying SJ, Shi ZD. Creating leptin-like biofunctions by active immunization against chicken leptin receptor in growing chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 50:55-64. [PMID: 25447880 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, immunization against chicken leptin receptor (cLEPR) extracellular domain (ECD) was applied to investigate leptin regulation and LEPR biofunction in growing chicken pullets. A recombinant protein (cLEPR ECD) based on the cLEPR complemenary DNA sequence corresponding to the 582nd to 796th amino acid residues of cLEPR mature peptide was prepared and used as antigen. Immunization against cLEPR ECD in growing chickens increased anti-cLEPR ECD antibody titers in blood, enhanced proportions of phosphorylated janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and served as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein in liver tissue. Chicken live weight gain and abdominal fat mass were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but feed intake was stimulated by cLEPR ECD immunization (P < 0.05). The treatment also upregulated the gene expression levels of lepR, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC2), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in liver, abdominal fat, and breast muscle (P < 0.05) but decreased fasn expression levels (P < 0.01). Apart from that of lepR, the expression of appetite-regulating genes, such as orexigenic genes, agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), were upregulated (P < 0.01), whereas the anorexigenic gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) was downregulated in the hypothalamic tissue of cLEPR-immunized pullets (P < 0.01). Blood concentrations of metabolic molecules, such as glucose, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein, were significantly decreased in cLEPR-immunized pullets but those of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein increased. These results demonstrate that antibodies to membrane proximal cLEPR ECD enhance cLEPR signal transduction, which stimulates metabolism and reduces fat deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lei
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - S Q Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X B Shao
- Institute of Guagndong Province Poultry Technology, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - X W Li
- College of Animal Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Z Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - S J Ying
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Z D Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Breed Improvement and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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15
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Xu Q, Liu X, Zheng X, Yao Y, Wang M, Liu Q. The transcriptional activity of Gli1 is negatively regulated by AMPK through Hedgehog partial agonism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:733-41. [PMID: 25017332 PMCID: PMC4121351 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mammalian 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis. However, the interaction between the Hh and AMPK signaling pathways has not been investigated to date. In the present study, to the best of our knowlege, we report for the first time the negative regulation of glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1), an important downstream effector of Hh, by the AMPK signal transduction pathway. Immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assay showed a direct interaction between AMPK and Gli1. The overexpression of AMPK induced the downregulation of Gli1 expression, while the knockdown of AMPK upregulated Gli1 expression in a relatively short period of time (24 h or less). Our data suggest that AMPK may function as an upstream molecule that regulates Gli1 expression. Therefore, AMPK may play a role in the Hh signaling pathway, through which it regulates tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yingmin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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16
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Xu Q, Yang C, Du Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Deng M, Zhang H, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu Q, Wang L, Lou Z, Pei H. AMPK regulates histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5594-604. [PMID: 24692660 PMCID: PMC4027166 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of chromatin during gene transcription. However, how this epigenetic modification is regulated remains unclear. Here we found that the energy-sensing adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could suppress histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation. AMPK directly phosphorylates O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT). Although this phosphorylation does not regulate the enzymatic activity of OGT, it inhibits OGT-chromatin association, histone O-GlcNAcylation and gene transcription. Conversely, OGT also O-GlcNAcylates AMPK and positively regulates AMPK activity, creating a feedback loop. Taken together, these results reveal a crosstalk between the LKB1-AMPK and the hexosamine biosynthesis (HBP)-OGT pathways, which coordinate together for the sensing of nutrient state and regulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Min Deng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haoxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Liewei Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Michel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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