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Yu W, Wang Z, Dai P, Sun J, Li J, Han W, Li K. The activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol reduces breast cancer metastasis to lung through inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps. J Drug Target 2023; 31:962-975. [PMID: 37772906 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2265585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in breast cancer metastasis. However, the therapeutic target of NETs in breast cancer metastasis is still unknown. Using a natural metabolite library and single-cell sequencing data analysis, we identified resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic natural phytoalexin, and agonist of silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) that suppressed NETs formation after cathepsin C (CTSC) treatment. In vivo, RES significantly hindered breast cancer metastasis in a murine orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer model. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA and neutrophil elastase-DNA in mouse breast cancer model were significantly lower after RES treatment. Correspondingly, the tumour infiltrated CD8+T cells in the lungs increased after the treatment. Mechanistically, RES targets SIRT1 in neutrophils and significantly inhibits the citrullination of histones H3, which is essential for chromatin decondensation and NETs formation. Furthermore, we identified that the NETs were suppressed by RES in bone marrow neutrophils after CTSC treatment, while specific deficiency of SIRT1 in neutrophils promoted NETs formation and breast cancer to lung metastasis. Thus, our results revealed that RES could be potentially identified as a viable therapeutic drug to prevent neutrophil cell death and breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuning Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Lécuyer D, Nardacci R, Tannous D, Gutierrez-Mateyron E, Deva Nathan A, Subra F, Di Primio C, Quaranta P, Petit V, Richetta C, Mostefa-Kara A, Del Nonno F, Falasca L, Marlin R, Maisonnasse P, Delahousse J, Pascaud J, Deprez E, Naigeon M, Chaput N, Paci A, Saada V, Ghez D, Mariette X, Costa M, Pistello M, Allouch A, Delelis O, Piacentini M, Le Grand R, Perfettini JL. The purinergic receptor P2X7 and the NLRP3 inflammasome are druggable host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270081. [PMID: 37920468 PMCID: PMC10619763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulate inflammation and viral infection, but their effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the purinergic receptor P2X7 and NLRP3 inflammasome are cellular host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lung autopsies from patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveal that NLRP3 expression is increased in host cellular targets of SARS-CoV-2 including alveolar macrophages, type II pneumocytes and syncytia arising from the fusion of infected macrophages, thus suggesting a potential role of NLRP3 and associated signaling pathways to both inflammation and viral replication. In vitro studies demonstrate that NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation is detected upon macrophage abortive infection. More importantly, a weak activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also detected during the early steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells and promotes the viral replication in these cells. Interestingly, the purinergic receptor P2X7, which is known to control NLRP3 inflammasome activation, also favors the replication of D614G and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected relationship between the purinergic receptor P2X7, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection that offers novel opportunities for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Lécuyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Désirée Tannous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Emie Gutierrez-Mateyron
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélia Deva Nathan
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Subra
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristina Di Primio
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Quaranta
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1274, CEA, Genetic Stability, Stem Cells and Radiation, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Clémence Richetta
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ali Mostefa-Kara
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julia Delahousse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, Analyse Moléculaire, Modélisation et Imagerie de la Maladie Cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, CNRS, Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Villejuif, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Saada
- Department of Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - David Ghez
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Biology BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Pisano Ricerca e Implementazione Clinical Flash Radiotherapy "CPFR@CISUP", "S. Chiara" Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research, Universita of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Virology Operative Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- NH TherAguix SAS, Meylan, France
| | - Olivier Delelis
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Laboratory of Biology and Applied Pharmacology (LBPA), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA- HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm UMR1030, Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
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3
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Albalkhi I, Alabdul Razzak G, Abdulkader H, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254310. [PMID: 37828990 PMCID: PMC10565006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, commonly known as long COVID, encompasses a range of systemic symptoms experienced by a significant number of COVID-19 survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of long COVID has become a topic of intense research discussion. While chronic inflammation in long COVID has received considerable attention, the role of neutrophils, which are the most abundant of all immune cells and primary responders to inflammation, has been unfortunately overlooked, perhaps due to their short lifespan. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients. We present early evidence linking the persistence of NETs to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurological dysfunction in long COVID. Several uncertainties require investigation in future studies. These include the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 brings about sustained neutrophil activation phenotypes after infection resolution; whether the heterogeneity of neutrophils seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection persists into the chronic phase; whether the presence of autoantibodies in long COVID can induce NETs and protect them from degradation; whether NETs exert differential, organ-specific effects; specifically which NET components contribute to organ-specific pathologies, such as pulmonary fibrosis; and whether senescent cells can drive NET formation through their pro-inflammatory secretome in long COVID. Answering these questions may pave the way for the development of clinically applicable strategies targeting NETs, providing relief for this emerging health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dounce-Cuevas CA, Flores-Flores A, Bazán MS, Portales-Rivera V, Morelos-Ulíbarri AA, Bazán-Perkins B. Asthma and COVID-19: a controversial relationship. Virol J 2023; 20:207. [PMID: 37679779 PMCID: PMC10485988 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces a spectrum of clinical manifestations that depend on the immune response of the patient, i.e., from an asymptomatic form to an inflammatory response with multiorgan deterioration. In some cases, severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 are characterized by an excessive, persistent release of inflammatory mediators known as a cytokine storm. This phenomenon arises from an ineffective T helper (Th)-1 response, which is unable to control the infection and leads to a reinforcement of innate immunity, causing tissue damage. The evolution of the disease produced by SARS-CoV2, known as COVID-19, has been of interest in several research fields. Asthma patients have been reported to present highly variable outcomes due to the heterogeneity of the disease. For example, the Th2 response in patients with allergic asthma is capable of decreasing Th1 activation in COVID-19, preventing the onset of a cytokine storm; additionally, IL-33 released by damaged epithelium in the context of COVID-19 potentiates either Th1 or T2-high responses, a process that contributes to poor outcomes. IL-13, a T2-high inflammatory cytokine, decreases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, hindering SARS-CoV-2 entry; finally, poor outcomes have been observed in COVID-19 patients with severe neutrophilic asthma. In other contexts, the COVID-19 lockdown has had interesting effects on asthma epidemiology. The incidence of asthma in the most populated states in Mexico, including Tamaulipas, which has the highest asthma incidence in the country, showed similar tendencies independent of how strict the lockdown measures were in each state. As described worldwide for various diseases, a decrease in asthma cases was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. This decrease was associated with a drop in acute respiratory infection cases. The drop in cases of various diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension or depression, observed in 2020 was restored in 2022, but not for asthma and acute respiratory infections. There were slight increases in asthma cases when in-person classes resumed. In conclusion, although many factors were involved in asthma outcomes during the pandemic, it seems that acute respiratory infection is intimately linked to asthma cases. Social distancing during remote learning, particularly school lockdown, appears to be an important cause of the decrease in cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Dounce-Cuevas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 14380, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Flores-Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 14380, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana S Bazán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 14380, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Portales-Rivera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 14380, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Blanca Bazán-Perkins
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 14380, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Melbouci D, Haidar Ahmad A, Decker P. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET): not only antimicrobial but also modulators of innate and adaptive immunities in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003104. [PMID: 37562857 PMCID: PMC10423839 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) represent one of the first lines of defence against invading pathogens and are the most abundant leucocytes in the circulation. Generally described as pro-inflammatory cells, recent data suggest that PMN also have immunomodulatory capacities. In response to certain stimuli, activated PMN expel neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), structures made of DNA and associated proteins. Although originally described as an innate immune mechanism fighting bacterial infection, NET formation (or probably rather an excess of NET together with impaired clearance of NET) may be deleterious. Indeed, NET have been implicated in the development of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as fibrosis or cancer. They have been suggested as a source of (neo)autoantigens or regulatory proteins like proteases or to act as a physical barrier. Different mechanisms of NET formation have been described, leading to PMN death or not, depending on the stimulus. Interestingly, NET may be both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory and this probably partly depends on the mechanism, and thus the stimuli, triggering NET formation. Within this review, we will describe the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities of NET and especially how NET may modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyhia Melbouci
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
| | - Ahmad Haidar Ahmad
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
| | - Patrice Decker
- Inserm UMR 1125, Li2P, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Campus de Bobigny, Bobigny, Île-de-France, France
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6
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Calvert BA, Quiroz EJ, Lorenzana Z, Doan N, Kim S, Senger CN, Anders JJ, Wallace WD, Salomon MP, Henley J, Ryan AL. Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112870. [PMID: 37006263 PMCID: PMC10061003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre- existing co-morbidities correlating to incidence to severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. This model was infected with live SARS-CoV-2 virus the epithelial response to infection was evaluated. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented proinflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory responses are polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the \epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. Conclusions This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Erik J. Quiroz
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngan Doan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Seongjae Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christiana N. Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Anders
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Wiliam D. Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Salomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill Henley
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Paclet MH, Laurans S, Dupré-Crochet S. Regulation of Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase, NOX2: A Crucial Effector in Neutrophil Phenotype and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945749. [PMID: 35912108 PMCID: PMC9329797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, NOX2, are involved in many leukocyte functions. An excessive or inappropriate ROS production can lead to oxidative stress and tissue damage. On the other hand, an absence of ROS production due to a lack of a functional NADPH oxidase is associated with recurrent infections as well as inflammation disorders. Thus, it is clear that the enzyme NADPH oxidase must be tightly regulated. The NOX2 complex bears both membrane and cytosolic subunits. The membrane subunits constitute the flavocytochrome b558, consisting of gp91phox (Nox2) and p22phox subunits. The cytosolic subunits form a complex in resting cells and are made of three subunits (p47phox, p40phox, p67phox). Upon leukocyte stimulation, the cytosolic subunits and the small GTPase Rac assemble with the flavocytochrome b558 in order to make a functional complex. Depending on the stimulus, the NADPH oxidase can assemble either at the phagosomal membrane or at the plasma membrane. Many studies have explored NOX2 activation; however, how this activation is sustained and regulated is still not completely clear. Here we review the multiple roles of NOX2 in neutrophil functions, with a focus on description of its components and their assembly mechanisms. We then explain the role of energy metabolism and phosphoinositides in regulating NADPH oxidase activity. In particular, we discuss: 1) the link between metabolic pathways and NOX2 activity regulation through neutrophil activation and the level of released ROS, and 2) the role of membrane phosphoinositides in controlling the duration of NOX2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Paclet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, T-RAIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Salomé Laurans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Dupré-Crochet,
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8
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Calvert BA, Quiroz EJ, Lorenzana Z, Doan N, Kim S, Senger CN, Wallace WD, Salomon MP, Henley J, Ryan AL. Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. bioRxiv 2022:2021.08.09.455472. [PMID: 34401877 PMCID: PMC8366793 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.09.455472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre-existing co- morbidities correlating to incidence of severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS- CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented pro-inflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory response is polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- BA Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - EJ Quiroz
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Z Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Doan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, 10010 North Torey Pines Road, La Jolla, Ca, USA
| | - CN Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - WD Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MP Salomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Henley
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - AL Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Niu C, Du Y, Kaltashov IA. Towards better understanding of the heparin role in NETosis: feasibility of using native mass spectrometry to monitor interactions of neutrophil elastase with heparin oligomers. Int J Mass Spectrom 2021; 463:116550. [PMID: 33692650 PMCID: PMC7939139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase is a serine protease released by neutrophils, and its dysregulation has been associated with a variety of debilitating pathologies, most notably cystic fibrosis. This protein is also a prominent component of the so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), whose formation is a part of the innate immunity response to invading pathogens, but also contributes to a variety of pathologies ranging from autoimmune disorders and inflammation to cancer to thrombotic complications in COVID-19. Retention of neutrophil elastase within NETs is provided by ejected DNA chains, although this protein is also capable of interacting with a range of other endogenous polyanions, such as heparin and heparan sulfate. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of using native mass spectrometry (MS) as a means of studying interactions of neutrophil elastase with heparin oligomers ranging from structurally homogeneous synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux to relatively long (up to twenty saccharide units) and structurally heterogeneous chains produced by partial depolymerization of heparin. The presence of heterogeneous glycan chains on neutrophil elastase and the structural heterogeneity of heparin oligomers render the use of standard MS to study their complexes impractical. However, supplementing MS with limited charge reduction in the gas phase allows meaningful data to be extracted from MS measurements. In contrast to earlier molecular modeling studies where a single heparin-binding site was identified, our work reveals the existence of multiple binding sites, with a single protein molecule being able to accommodate up to three decasaccharides. The measurements also reveal the ability of even relatively short heparin oligomers to bridge two protein molecules, suggesting that characterization of these complexes using native MS can shed light on the structural properties of NETs. Lastly, the use of MS allows the binding preferences of heparin oligomers to neutrophil elastase to be studied with respect to specific structural properties of heparin, such as the level of sulfation (i.e., charge density). All experimental measurements are carried out in parallel with molecular dynamics simulations of the protein/heparin oligomer systems, which are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data and highlight the role of electrostatic interactions as dominant forces governing the formation of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor A. Kaltashov
- Corresponding author: Igor A. Kaltashov; address: 240 Thatcher Way, Life Sciences Laboratories N369, Amherst, MA 01003; ; phone: 413-545-1460; fax: 413-545-4490
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10
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Delaveris C, Wilk AJ, Riley NM, Stark JC, Yang SS, Rogers AJ, Ranganath T, Nadeau KC, Blish CA, Bertozzi CR. Synthetic Siglec-9 Agonists Inhibit Neutrophil Activation Associated with COVID-19. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:650-657. [PMID: 34056095 PMCID: PMC8009098 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, are characterized by a hyperinflammatory immune response that leads to numerous complications. Production of proinflammatory neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been suggested to be a key factor in inducing a hyperinflammatory signaling cascade, allegedly causing both pulmonary tissue damage and peripheral inflammation. Accordingly, therapeutic blockage of neutrophil activation and NETosis, the cell death pathway accompanying NET formation, could limit respiratory damage and death from severe COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic glycopolymers that activate signaling of the neutrophil checkpoint receptor Siglec-9 suppress NETosis induced by agonists of viral toll-like receptors (TLRs) and plasma from patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, Siglec-9 agonism is a promising therapeutic strategy to curb neutrophilic hyperinflammation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone
S. Delaveris
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aaron J. Wilk
- Stanford
Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Riley
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica C. Stark
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samuel S. Yang
- Department
of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Angela J. Rogers
- Department
of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department
of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Department
of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Sean
N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Catherine A. Blish
- Department
of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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11
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Lopes-Pacheco M, Silva PL, Cruz FF, Battaglini D, Robba C, Pelosi P, Morales MM, Caruso Neves C, Rocco PRM. Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Injury in COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593223. [PMID: 33584343 PMCID: PMC7876335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly 2019-nCoV) is a novel coronavirus that has rapidly disseminated worldwide, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of January 6th, 2021, there were over 86 million global confirmed cases, and the disease has claimed over 1.87 million lives (a ∼2.2% case fatality rate). SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect human cells by binding its spike (S) protein to angiotensin-conversing enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed abundantly in several cell types and tissues. ACE2 has extensive biological activities as a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and plays a pivotal role as counter-regulator of angiotensin II (Ang II) activity by converting the latter to Ang (1-7). Virion binding to ACE2 for host cell entry leads to internalization of both via endocytosis, as well as activation of ADAM17/TACE, resulting in downregulation of ACE2 and loss of its protective actions in the lungs and other organs. Although COVID-19 was initially described as a purely respiratory disease, it is now known that infected individuals can rapidly progress to a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In fact, all human structures that express ACE2 are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or to the downstream effects of reduced ACE2 levels, namely systemic inflammation and injury. In this review, we aim to summarize the major features of SARS-CoV-2 biology and the current understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as its clinical repercussions in the lung, heart, kidney, bowel, liver, and brain. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and current global efforts to identify safe and effective therapies against this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Marcos Morales
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso Neves
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brasília, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Yang J, Wu Z, Long Q, Huang J, Hong T, Liu W, Lin J. Insights Into Immunothrombosis: The Interplay Among Neutrophil Extracellular Trap, von Willebrand Factor, and ADAMTS13. Front Immunol 2020; 11:610696. [PMID: 33343584 PMCID: PMC7738460 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are essential for thrombosis and inflammation. During these processes, a complex series of events, including endothelial activation, NET formation, VWF secretion, and blood cell adhesion, aggregation and activation, occurs in an ordered manner in the vasculature. The adhesive activity of VWF multimers is regulated by a specific metalloprotease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13). Increasing evidence indicates that the interaction between NETs and VWF contributes to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as inflammation. Furthermore, contents released from activated neutrophils or NETs induce the reduction of ADAMTS13 activity, which may occur in both thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recently, NET is considered as a driver of endothelial damage and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. In addition, the levels of VWF and ADAMTS13 can predict the mortality of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and interactions of NETs, VWF, and ADAMTS13, and discuss their roles in TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19. Targeting the NET-VWF axis may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated TMAs, AIS, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Yang
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Long
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Hong
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biomechanics/School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Francescangeli F, De Angelis ML, Baiocchi M, Rossi R, Biffoni M, Zeuner A. COVID-19-Induced Modifications in the Tumor Microenvironment: Do They Affect Cancer Reawakening and Metastatic Relapse? Front Oncol 2020; 10:592891. [PMID: 33194755 PMCID: PMC7649335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes an uncontrolled activation of the innate immune response, resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation. The effects of COVID-19–induced inflammation on cancer cells and their microenvironment are yet to be elucidated. Here, we formulate the hypothesis that COVID-19–associated inflammation may generate a microenvironment favorable to tumor cell proliferation and particularly to the reawakening of dormant cancer cells (DCCs). DCCs often survive treatment of primary tumors and populate premetastatic niches in the lungs and other organs, retaining the potential for metastatic outgrowth. DCCs reawakening may be promoted by several events associated to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including activation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, lymphopenia and an uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among pro-inflammatory factors produced during COVID-19, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by activated neutrophils have been specifically shown to activate premetastatic cancer cells disseminated in the lungs, suggesting they may be involved in DCCs reawakening in COVID-19 patients. If confirmed by further studies, the links between COVID-19, DCCs reactivation and tumor relapse may support the use of specific anti-inflammatory and anti-metastatic therapies in patients with COVID-19 and an active or previous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Baiocchi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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14
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Abstract
The pace of the COVID-19 pandemic makes it timely to take stock of evidence for the involvement of neutrophils and NETs, to weigh the implications, and to increase efficiency in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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15
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Pontelli MC, Castro IA, Martins RB, Veras FP, Serra LL, Nascimento DC, Cardoso RS, Rosales R, Lima TM, Souza JP, Caetité DB, de Lima MHF, Kawahisa JT, Giannini MC, Bonjorno LP, Lopes MIF, Batah SS, Siyuan L, Assad RL, Almeida SCL, Oliveira FR, Benatti MN, Pontes LLF, Santana RC, Vilar FC, Martins MA, Cunha TM, Calado RT, Alves-Filho JC, Zamboni DS, Fabro A, Louzada-Junior P, Oliveira RDR, Cunha FQ, Arruda E. Infection of human lymphomononuclear cells by SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 34013264 PMCID: PMC8132220 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.225912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 severe infection is associated with a hyperinflammatory state, lymphopenia is an immunological hallmark, and correlates with poor prognosis in COVID-19. However, it remains unknown if circulating human lymphocytes and monocytes are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated both in vitro and in vivo . We found that in vitro infection of whole PBMCs from healthy donors was productive of virus progeny. Results revealed that monocytes, as well as B and T lymphocytes, are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 active infection and viral replication was indicated by detection of double-stranded RNA. Moreover, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was frequently detected in monocytes and B lymphocytes from COVID-19 patients, and less frequently in CD4 + T lymphocytes. The rates of SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes in PBMCs from COVID-19 patients increased over time from symptom onset. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-positive monocytes and B and CD4+T lymphocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry in post mortem lung tissue. SARS-CoV-2 infection of blood circulating leukocytes in COVID-19 patients may have important implications for disease pathogenesis, immune dysfunction, and virus spread within the host.
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16
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Abstract
O sistema imune apresenta papel importante na pandemia da COVID-19, pois está envolvido na patogênese e agravamento da doença. O objetivo desta revisão é abordar os aspectos da imunidade inata na COVID-19, especialmente o papel dos neutrófilos. O sistema imune inato corresponde à primeira defesa do organismo, porém é necessário um equilíbrio para obter efetividade contra o invasor sem lesar excessivamente o hospedeiro. O desequilíbrio imune está relacionado com quadros mais graves e à ativação aberrante de neutrófilos, sendo a linfopenia e a neutrofilia preditores de pior prognóstico em pacientes com COVID-19. Especula-se que a neutrofilia seja uma importante fonte para formação excessiva de NET (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps), levando ao aumento da resposta inflamatória e evolução desfavorável da doença. As NET também estão associadas à tempestade de citocinas, outro mecanismo relacionado a gravidade da COVID-19. Portanto, estratégias que envolvam a imunomodulação podem ter um papel importante no controle da doença.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Oubihi
- OxImmuno Literature Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lihui Wang
- OxImmuno Literature Initiative, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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