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Darabi S, Xiu J, Samec T, Kesari S, Carrillo J, Aulakh S, Walsh KM, Sengupta S, Sumrall A, Spetzler D, Glantz M, Demeure MJ. Capicua (CIC) mutations in gliomas in association with MAPK activation for exposing a potential therapeutic target. Med Oncol 2023; 40:197. [PMID: 37291277 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent neurological cancer in the USA and care modalities are not able to effectively combat these aggressive malignancies. Identifying new, more effective treatments require a deep understanding of the complex genetic variations and relevant pathway associations behind these cancers. Drawing connections between gene mutations with a responsive genetic target can help drive therapy selections to enhance patient survival. We have performed extensive molecular profiling of the Capicua gene (CIC), a tumor and transcriptional suppressor gene, and its mutation prevalence in reference to MAPK activation within clinical glioma tissue. CIC mutations occur far more frequently in oligodendroglioma (52.1%) than in low-grade astrocytoma or glioblastoma. CIC-associated mutations were observed across all glioma subtypes, and MAPK-associated mutations were most prevalent in CIC wild-type tissue regardless of the glioma subtype. MAPK activation, however, was enhanced in CIC-mutated oligodendroglioma. The totality of our observations reported supports the use of CIC as a relevant genetic marker for MAPK activation. Identification of CIC mutations, or lack thereof, can assist in selecting, implementing, and developing MEK/MAPK-inhibitory trials to improve patient outcomes potentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourat Darabi
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jose Carrillo
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle M Walsh
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Demeure
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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2
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Takemon Y, LeBlanc VG, Song J, Chan SY, Lee SD, Trinh DL, Ahmad ST, Brothers WR, Corbett RD, Gagliardi A, Moradian A, Cairncross JG, Yip S, Aparicio SAJR, Chan JA, Hughes CS, Morin GB, Gorski SM, Chittaranjan S, Marra MA. Multi-Omic Analysis of CIC's Functional Networks Reveals Novel Interaction Partners and a Potential Role in Mitotic Fidelity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2805. [PMID: 37345142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CIC encodes a transcriptional repressor and MAPK signalling effector that is inactivated by loss-of-function mutations in several cancer types, consistent with a role as a tumour suppressor. Here, we used bioinformatic, genomic, and proteomic approaches to investigate CIC's interaction networks. We observed both previously identified and novel candidate interactions between CIC and SWI/SNF complex members, as well as novel interactions between CIC and cell cycle regulators and RNA processing factors. We found that CIC loss is associated with an increased frequency of mitotic defects in human cell lines and an in vivo mouse model and with dysregulated expression of mitotic regulators. We also observed aberrant splicing in CIC-deficient cell lines, predominantly at 3' and 5' untranslated regions of genes, including genes involved in MAPK signalling, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. Our study thus characterises the complexity of CIC's functional network and describes the effect of its loss on cell cycle regulation, mitotic integrity, and transcriptional splicing, thereby expanding our understanding of CIC's potential roles in cancer. In addition, our work exemplifies how multi-omic, network-based analyses can be used to uncover novel insights into the interconnected functions of pleiotropic genes/proteins across cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takemon
- Genome Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Véronique G LeBlanc
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jungeun Song
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Susanna Y Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Stephen Dongsoo Lee
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Diane L Trinh
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - William R Brothers
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Richard D Corbett
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alessia Gagliardi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Annie Moradian
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Samuel A J R Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christopher S Hughes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Sharon M Gorski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Suganthi Chittaranjan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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3
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Franke K, Bal G, Li Z, Zuberbier T, Babina M. Clorfl86/RHEX Is a Negative Regulator of SCF/KIT Signaling in Human Skin Mast Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091306. [PMID: 37174705 PMCID: PMC10177086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are key effector cells in allergic and inflammatory diseases, and the SCF/KIT axis regulates most aspects of the cells' biology. Using terminally differentiated skin MCs, we recently reported on proteome-wide phosphorylation changes initiated by KIT dimerization. C1orf186/RHEX was revealed as one of the proteins to become heavily phosphorylated. Its function in MCs is undefined and only some information is available for erythroblasts. Using public databases and our own data, we now report that RHEX exhibits highly restricted expression with a clear dominance in MCs. While expression is most pronounced in mature MCs, RHEX is also abundant in immature/transformed MC cell lines (HMC-1, LAD2), suggesting early expression with further increase during differentiation. Using RHEX-selective RNA interference, we reveal that RHEX unexpectedly acts as a negative regulator of SCF-supported skin MC survival. This finding is substantiated by RHEX's interference with KIT signal transduction, whereby ERK1/2 and p38 both were more strongly activated when RHEX was attenuated. Comparing RHEX and capicua (a recently identified repressor) revealed that each protein preferentially suppresses other signaling modules elicited by KIT. Induction of immediate-early genes strictly requires ERK1/2 in SCF-triggered MCs; we now demonstrate that RHEX diminution translates to this downstream event, and thereby enhances NR4A2, JUNB, and EGR1 induction. Collectively, our study reveals RHEX as a repressor of KIT signaling and function in MCs. As an abundant and selective lineage marker, RHEX may have various roles in the lineage, and the provided framework will enable future work on its involvement in other crucial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürkan Bal
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Park J, Park GY, Lee J, Park J, Kim S, Kim E, Park SY, Yoon JH, Lee Y. ERK phosphorylation disrupts the intramolecular interaction of capicua to promote cytoplasmic translocation of capicua and tumor growth. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1030725. [PMID: 36619173 PMCID: PMC9814488 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling inactivates capicua (CIC), a transcriptional repressor that functions as a tumor suppressor, via degradation and/or cytoplasmic translocation. Although CIC is known to be inactivated by phosphorylation, the mechanisms underlying the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p90RSK, and c-SRC in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation-induced cytoplasmic translocation of CIC and further investigated the molecular basis for this process. We found that nuclear ERK induced the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S. We identified 12 serine and threonine (S/T) residues within CIC, including S173 and S301 residues that are phosphorylated by p90RSK, which contribute to the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S when phosphorylated. The amino-terminal (CIC-S-N) and carboxyl-terminal (CIC-S-C) regions of CIC-S were found to interact with each other to promote their nuclear localization. EGF treatment disrupted the interaction between CIC-S-N and CIC-S-C and induced their cytoplasmic translocation. Alanine substitution for the 12 S/T residues blocked the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC-S and consequently enhanced the tumor suppressor activity of CIC-S. Our study demonstrates that ERK-mediated disruption of intramolecular interaction of CIC is critical for the cytoplasmic translocation of CIC, and suggests that the nuclear retention of CIC may represent a strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jongeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Joonyoung Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Yoontae Lee,
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5
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Gupta N, Song H, Wu W, Ponce RK, Lin YK, Kim JW, Small EJ, Feng FY, Huang FW, Okimoto RA. The CIC-ERF co-deletion underlies fusion-independent activation of ETS family member, ETV1, to drive prostate cancer progression. eLife 2022; 11:77072. [PMID: 36383412 PMCID: PMC9668335 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostate cancer can result from chromosomal rearrangements that lead to aberrant ETS gene expression. The mechanisms that lead to fusion-independent ETS factor upregulation and prostate oncogenesis remain relatively unknown. Here, we show that two neighboring transcription factors, Capicua (CIC) and ETS2 repressor factor (ERF), which are co-deleted in human prostate tumors can drive prostate oncogenesis. Concurrent CIC and ERF loss commonly occur through focal genomic deletions at chromosome 19q13.2. Mechanistically, CIC and ERF co-bind the proximal regulatory element and mutually repress the ETS transcription factor, ETV1. Targeting ETV1 in CIC and ERF-deficient prostate cancer limits tumor growth. Thus, we have uncovered a fusion-independent mode of ETS transcriptional activation defined by concurrent loss of CIC and ERF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hanbing Song
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Rovingaile K Ponce
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Yone K Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Eric J Small
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ross A Okimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States
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6
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Franke K, Kirchner M, Mertins P, Zuberbier T, Babina M. The SCF/KIT axis in human mast cells: Capicua acts as potent KIT repressor and ERK predominates PI3K. Allergy 2022; 77:3337-3349. [PMID: 35652819 DOI: 10.1111/all.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SCF/KIT axis regulates nearly all aspects of mast cell (MC) biology. A comprehensive view of SCF-triggered phosphorylation dynamics is lacking. The relationship between signaling modules and SCF-supported functions likewise remains ill-defined. METHODS Mast cells were isolated from human skin; upon stimulation by SCF, global phosphoproteomic changes were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and selectively validated by immunoblotting. MC survival was inspected by YoPro; BrdU incorporation served to monitor proliferation. Gene expression was quantified by RT-qPCR and cytokines by ELISA. Pharmacological inhibitors were supplemented by ERK1 and/or ERK2 knockdown. CIC translocation and degradation were studied in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. CIC's impact on KIT signaling and function was assessed following RNA interference. RESULTS ≈5400 out of ≈10,500 phosphosites experienced regulation by SCF. The MEK/ERK cascade was strongly induced surpassing STAT5 > PI3K/Akt > p38 > JNK. Comparison between MEK/ERK's and PI3K's support of basic programs (apoptosis, proliferation) revealed equipotency between modules. In functional outputs (gene expression, cytokines), ERK was the most influential kinase. OSM and LIF production was identified in skin MCs. Strikingly, SCF triggered massive phosphorylation of a protein not associated with KIT previously: CIC. Phosphorylation was followed by CIC's cytoplasmic appearance and degradation, the latter sensitive to protease but not preoteasome inhibition. Both shuttling and degradation were ERK-dependent. Conversely, CIC-siRNA facilitated KIT signaling, functional outputs, and survival. CONCLUSION The SCF/KIT axis shows notable strength in MCs, and MEK/ERK as most prominent module. An inhibitory circuit exists between KIT and CIC. CIC stabilization in MCs may turn out as a therapeutic option to interfere with allergic and MC-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franke
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Rodríguez-Muñoz L, Lagares C, González-Crespo S, Castel P, Veraksa A, Jiménez G. Noncanonical function of Capicua as a growth termination signal in Drosophila oogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123467119. [PMID: 35881788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123467119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (Cic) proteins are conserved HMG-box transcriptional repressors that control receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling responses and are implicated in human neurological syndromes and cancer. While Cic is known to exist as short (Cic-S) and long (Cic-L) isoforms with identical HMG-box and associated core regions but distinct N termini, most previous studies have focused on Cic-S, leaving the function of Cic-L unexplored. Here we show that Cic-L acts in two capacities during Drosophila oogenesis: 1) as a canonical sensor of RTK signaling in somatic follicle cells, and 2) as a regulator of postmitotic growth in germline nurse cells. In these latter cells, Cic-L behaves as a temporal signal that terminates endoreplicative growth before they dump their contents into the oocyte. We show that Cic-L is necessary and sufficient for nurse cell endoreplication arrest and induces both stabilization of CycE and down-regulation of Myc. Surprisingly, this function depends mainly on the Cic-L-specific N-terminal module, which is capable of acting independently of the Cic HMG-box-containing core. Mirroring these observations, basal metazoans possess truncated Cic-like proteins composed only of Cic-L N-terminal sequences, suggesting that this module plays unique, ancient roles unrelated to the canonical function of Cic.
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8
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Sharma S, Hourigan B, Patel Z, Rosenfeld JA, Chan KM, Wangler MF, Yi JS, Lehman A, Horvath G, Cloos PA, Tan Q. Novel CIC variants identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:889-899. [PMID: 35165976 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous pathogenic variants in CIC, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. To date, 11 CIC variants have been associated with the CIC-related neurodevelopmental syndrome. Here, we describe three novel and one previously reported CIC variants in four individuals with neurodevelopmental delay. Notably, we report for the first time a de novo frameshift variant specific to the long isoform of CIC (CIC-L, NM_001304815.1:c.1100dup, p.Pro368AlafsTer16) in an individual with speech delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Our investigation into the function of CIC-L reveals that partial loss of CIC-L leads to transcriptional derepression of CIC target genes. We also describe a missense variant (NM_015125.3:c.683G>A, p.Arg228Gln) in an individual with a history of speech delay and relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Functional studies of this variant suggest a partial loss of CIC transcriptional repressor activity. Our study expands the list of CIC pathogenic variants and contributes to the accumulating evidence that CIC haploinsufficiency or partial loss of function is a pathogenic mechanism causing neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brenna Hourigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zain Patel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katie M Chan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joanna S Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gabriella Horvath
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul A Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Lee SD, Song J, LeBlanc VG, Marra MA. Integrative multi-omic analysis reveals neurodevelopmental gene dysregulation in CIC-knockout and IDH1 mutant cells. J Pathol 2021; 256:297-309. [PMID: 34767259 PMCID: PMC9305137 DOI: 10.1002/path.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Capicua (CIC)'s transcriptional repressor function is implicated in neurodevelopment and in oligodendroglioma (ODG) aetiology. However, CIC's role in these contexts remains obscure, primarily from our currently limited knowledge regarding its biological functions. Moreover, CIC mutations in ODG invariably co‐occur with a neomorphic IDH1/2 mutation, yet the functional relationship between these two genetic events is unknown. Here, we analysed models derived from an E6/E7/hTERT‐immortalized (i.e. p53‐ and RB‐deficient) normal human astrocyte cell line. To examine the consequences of CIC loss, we compared transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles between CIC wild‐type and knockout cell lines, with and without mutant IDH1 expression. Our analyses revealed dysregulation of neurodevelopmental genes in association with CIC loss. CIC ChIP‐seq was also performed to expand upon the currently limited ensemble of known CIC target genes. Among the newly identified direct CIC target genes were EPHA2 and ID1, whose functions are linked to neurodevelopment and the tumourigenicity of in vivo glioma tumour models. NFIA, a known mediator of gliogenesis, was discovered to be uniquely overexpressed in CIC‐knockout cells expressing mutant IDH1‐R132H protein. These results identify neurodevelopment and specific genes within this context as candidate targets through which CIC alterations may contribute to the progression of IDH‐mutant gliomas. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lee
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jungeun Song
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Jiang W, Xu Y, Chen X, Pan S, Zhu X. E26 transformation-specific variant 4 as a tumor promotor in human cancers through specific molecular mechanisms. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 22:518-527. [PMID: 34553037 PMCID: PMC8433062 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific (ETS) variant 4 (ETV4) is an important transcription factor that belongs to the ETS transcription factor family and is essential for much cellular physiology. Recent evidence has revealed that ETV4 is aberrantly expressed in many types of tumors, and its overexpression is related to poor prognosis of cancer patients. Additionally, increasing studies have identified that ETV4 promotes cancer growth, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Mechanistically, the level of ETV4 is regulated by some post-translation modulations in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, little progress has been made to comprehensively summarize the critical roles of ETV4 in different human cancers. Hence, this review mainly focuses on the physiological functions of ETV4 in various human tumors. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of ETV4-mediated cancer progression were elucidated, including how ETV4 modulates its downstream signaling pathways and how ETV4 is regulated by some factors. On this basis, the present review may provide a valuable therapeutics strategy for future cancer treatment by targeting ETV4-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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11
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Park GY, Lee GW, Kim S, Hong H, Park JS, Cho JH, Lee Y. Deletion Timing of Cic Alleles during Hematopoiesis Determines the Degree of Peripheral CD4 + T Cell Activation and Proliferation. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e43. [PMID: 33163251 PMCID: PMC7609164 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates several developmental processes. CIC deficiency results in lymphoproliferative autoimmunity accompanied by expansion of CD44hiCD62Llo effector/memory and follicular Th cell populations. Deletion of Cic alleles in hematopoietic stem cells (Vav1-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic) causes more severe autoimmunity than that caused by the knockout of Cic in CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes (Cd4-Cre-mediated knockout of Cic). In this study, we compared splenic CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation between whole immune cell-specific Cic-null (Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre) and T cell-specific Cic-null (Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre) mice. Hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of CD4+ T cells were more apparent in Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre mice than in Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre mice. Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre CD4+ T cells more rapidly proliferated and secreted larger amounts of IL-2 upon TCR stimulation than did Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre CD4+ T cells, while the TCR stimulation-induced activation of the TCR signaling cascade and calcium flux were comparable between them. Mixed wild-type and Cicf/f;Vav1-Cre bone marrow chimeras also exhibited more apparent hyperactivation and hyperproliferation of Cic-deficient CD4+ T cells than did mixed wild-type and Cicf/f;Cd4-Cre bone marrow chimeras. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CIC deficiency at the beginning of T cell development endows peripheral CD4+ T cells with enhanced T cell activation and proliferative capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyebeen Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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12
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Wong D, Sogerer L, Lee SS, Wong V, Lum A, Levine AB, Marra MA, Yip S. TRIM25 promotes Capicua degradation independently of ERK in the absence of ATXN1L. BMC Biol 2020; 18:154. [PMID: 33115448 PMCID: PMC7594423 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrations in Capicua (CIC) have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through the derepression of targets downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, such as oncogenic E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors. The Ataxin-family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in both developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes and promote the post-translational stability of CIC. However, little is known about the mechanisms at the base of ATXN1L-mediated CIC post-translational stability. Results Functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1LKO human cell lines revealed that loss of ATXN1L leads to the accumulation of polyubiquitinated CIC protein, promoting its degradation through the proteasome. Although transcriptomic signatures of ATXN1LKO cell lines indicated upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, ERK activity was found to contribute to CIC function but not stability. Degradation of CIC protein following loss of ATXN1L was instead observed to be mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 which was further validated using glioma-derived cell lines and the TCGA breast carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts. Conclusions The post-translational regulation of CIC through ATXN1L and TRIM25 independent of ERK activity suggests that the regulation of CIC stability and function is more intricate than previously appreciated and involves several independent pathways. As CIC status has become a prognostic factor in several cancer types, further knowledge into the mechanisms which govern CIC stability and function may prove useful for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wong
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lisa Sogerer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha S Lee
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Wong
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Amy Lum
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adrian B Levine
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada. .,Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
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13
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Qi T, Qu Q, Li G, Wang J, Zhu H, Yang Z, Sun Y, Lu Q, Qu J. Function and regulation of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors in cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3083-3105. [PMID: 33163259 PMCID: PMC7642666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The PEA3 subfamily is a subgroup of the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family. Its members, ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5, have been found to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. The deregulation of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 induces cell growth, invasion, and migration in various tumor cells, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, exploring drugs or therapeutic targets that target the PEA3 subfamily may contribute to the clinical treatment of tumor patients. In this review, we introduce the structures and functions of the PEA3 subfamily members, systematically review their main roles in various tumor cells, analyze their prognostic and diagnostic value, and, finally, introduce several molecular targets and therapeutic drugs targeting ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5. We conclude that targeting a series of upstream regulators and downstream target genes of the PEA3 subfamily may be an effective strategy for the treatment of ETV1/ETV4/ETV5-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410007, PR China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410007, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People’s HospitalWenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, PR China
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14
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Kim JW, Ponce RK, Okimoto RA. Capicua in Human Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:77-86. [PMID: 32978089 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a highly conserved transcriptional repressor that is differentially regulated through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling or genetic alteration across human cancer. CIC contributes to tumor progression and metastasis through direct transcriptional control of effector target genes. Recent findings indicate that CIC dysregulation is mechanistically linked and restricted to specific cancer subtypes, yet convergence on key downstream transcriptional nodes are critical for CIC-regulated oncogenesis across these cancers. In this review, we focus on how differential regulation of CIC through functional and genetic mechanisms contributes to subtype-specific cancer phenotypes and we propose new therapeutic strategies to effectively target CIC-altered cancers.
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15
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Cao X, Wolf A, Kim SE, Cabrera RM, Wlodarczyk BJ, Zhu H, Parker M, Lin Y, Steele JW, Han X, Ramaekers VT, Steinfeld R, Finnell RH, Lei Y. CIC de novo loss of function variants contribute to cerebral folate deficiency by downregulating FOLR1 expression. J Med Genet 2020; 58:484-494. [PMID: 32820034 PMCID: PMC7895856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is characterised by a low concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cerebrospinal fluid, while folate levels in plasma and red blood cells are in the low normal range. Mutations in several folate pathway genes, including FOLR1 (folate receptor alpha, FRα), DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) and PCFT (proton coupled folate transporter) have been previously identified in patients with CFD. Methods In an effort to identify causal mutations for CFD, we performed whole exome sequencing analysis on eight CFD trios and identified eight de novo mutations in seven trios. Results Notably, we found a de novo stop gain mutation in the capicua (CIC) gene. Using 48 sporadic CFD samples as a validation cohort, we identified three additional rare variants in CIC that are putatively deleterious mutations. Functional analysis indicates that CIC binds to an octameric sequence in the promoter regions of folate transport genes: FOLR1, PCFT and reduced folate carrier (Slc19A1; RFC1). The CIC nonsense variant (p.R353X) downregulated FOLR1 expression in HeLa cells as well as in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) derived from the original CFD proband. Folate binding assay demonstrated that the p.R353X variant decreased cellular binding of folic acid in cells. Conclusion This study indicates that CIC loss of function variants can contribute to the genetic aetiology of CFD through regulating FOLR1 expression. Our study described the first mutations in a non-folate pathway gene that can contribute to the aetiology of CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annika Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John W Steele
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Th Ramaekers
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Center Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Niedersachsen, Germany .,University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yunping Lei
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Kishnani S, Riley K, Mikati MA, Jiang YH. Phenotypic Variability of an Inherited Pathogenic Variant in CIC Gene: A New Case Report in Two-Generation Family and Literature Review. Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CIC encodes capicua protein, a transcriptional repressor that is highly expressed in developing brains. A previous study reported pathogenic mutations in the CIC gene in five individuals with significant neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder. All these mutations are either de novo or likely due to germline mosaicism. Here we reported a pathogenic mutation (c.2694dupC; p.K899Qfs X32: NM_015125) in the CIC gene in three members of a two-generation family presenting with neurodevelopmental impairment but has significant phenotypic variability. Interestingly, loss of function variants of somatic origin are frequently found in cancers of brain and other organs. We summarized germline and somatic pathogenic or loss of function variants in CIC gene in public genome databases through in silico analysis and published literature. Our findings provided further evidence to support the review of haploinsufficiency of CIC in neurodevelopmental disorder, in addition to suggesting a strong modifier effect for the CIC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kacie Riley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mohamad A. Mikati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yong-hui Jiang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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17
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Hwang I, Pan H, Yao J, Elemento O, Zheng H, Paik J. CIC is a critical regulator of neuronal differentiation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135826. [PMID: 32229723 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC), a member of the high mobility group-box (HMG-box) superfamily of transcriptional repressors, is frequently mutated in human oligodendrogliomas. However, its functions in brain development and tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that brain-specific deletion of Cic compromises developmental transition of neuroblasts to immature neurons in mouse hippocampus and compromises normal neuronal differentiation. Combined gene expression and ChIP-seq analyses identified VGF as an important CIC-repressed transcriptional surrogate involved in neuronal lineage regulation. Aberrant VGF expression promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation by suppressing their differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CIC represses VGF expression by tethering SIN3-HDAC to form a transcriptional corepressor complex. Mass spectrometry analysis of CIC-interacting proteins further identified the BRG1-containing mSWI/SNF complex whose function is necessary for transcriptional repression by CIC. Together, this study uncovers a potentially novel regulatory pathway of CIC-dependent neuronal differentiation and may implicate these molecular mechanisms in CIC-dependent brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
| | - Heng Pan
- Meyer Cancer Center, and.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Meyer Cancer Center, and.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Meyer Cancer Center, and
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18
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Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor. CIC contains a high-mobility group (HMG) box that recognizes specific DNA sequences to regulate the expression of various target genes. CIC was originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a transcriptional repressor that suppresses the receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. This molecule controls normal organ growth and tissue patterning as well as embryogenesis in Drosophila. Recent studies have also demonstrated its extensive functions in mammals. For example, CIC regulates several developmental and physiological processes, including lung development, abdominal wall closure during embryogenesis, brain development and function, neural stem cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. CIC is also associated with the progression of various types of cancer and neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type-1, systemic autoimmunity, and liver injury. In this review, I provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the regulation and functions of CIC in mammals and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Wong D, Yip S. Making heads or tails - the emergence of capicua (CIC) as an important multifunctional tumour suppressor. J Pathol 2020; 250:532-540. [PMID: 32073140 DOI: 10.1002/path.5400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Capicua, encoded by the gene CIC, is an evolutionarily conserved high-mobility group-box transcription factor downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. It was initially discovered and studied in Drosophila. Recurrent mutations in CIC were first identified in oligodendroglioma, a subtype of low-grade glioma. Subsequent studies have identified CIC aberrations in multiple types of cancer and have established CIC as a potent tumour suppressor involved in regulating pathways related to cell growth and proliferation, invasion and treatment resistance. The most well-known and studied targets of mammalian CIC are the oncogenic E-Twenty Six transcription factors ETV1/4/5, which have been found to be elevated in cancers with CIC aberrations. Here, we review the role of CIC in normal mammalian development, oncogenesis and tumour progression, and the functional interactors that mediate them. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Wong
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Yoe J, Kim D, Kim S, Lee Y. Capicua restricts cancer stem cell-like properties in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:3489-3506. [PMID: 32108163 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in cancer initiation, progression, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence in patients. Here we present Capicua (CIC), a developmental transcriptional repressor, as a suppressor of CSC properties in breast cancer cells. CIC deficiency critically enhances CSC self-renewal and multiple CSC subpopulations of breast cancer cells without altering their growth rate or invasiveness. Loss of CIC relieves repression of ETV4 and ETV5 expression, consequently promoting self-renewal capability, EpCAM+/CD44+/CD24low/- expression, and ALDH activity. In xenograft models, CIC deficiency significantly increases CSC frequency and drives tumor initiation through derepression of ETV4. Consistent with the experimental data, the CD44high/CD24low CSC-like feature is inversely correlated with CIC levels in breast cancer patients. We also identify SOX2 as a downstream target gene of CIC that partly promotes CSC properties. Taken together, our study demonstrates that CIC suppresses breast cancer formation via restricting cancer stemness and proposes CIC as a potential regulator of stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehyun Yoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is an essential component of developmental signaling in metazoans. Previous models of pathway activation suggested that dissociation of activated dually phosphorylated ERK (dpERK) from MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), a kinase that phosphorylates ERK, and other cytoplasmic anchors, is sufficient for allowing ERK interactions with its substrates. Here, we provide evidence for an additional step controlling ERK’s access to substrates. Specifically, we demonstrate that interaction of ERK with its substrate Capicua (Cic) is controlled at the level of ERK phosphorylation, whereby Cic binds to dpERK much stronger than to unphosphorylated ERK, both in vitro and in vivo. Mathematical modeling suggests that the differential affinity of Cic for dpERK versus ERK is required for both down-regulation of Cic and stabilizing phosphorylated ERK. Preferential association of Cic with dpERK serves two functions: it prevents unproductive competition of Cic with unphosphorylated ERK and contributes to efficient signal propagation. We propose that high-affinity substrate binding increases the specificity and efficiency of signal transduction through the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
| | - Henry Mattingly
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125
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22
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Wang Y, Ding X, Liu B, Li M, Chang Y, Shen H, Xie SM, Xing L, Li Y. ETV4 overexpression promotes progression of non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating PXN and MMP1 transcriptionally. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:73-86. [PMID: 31670855 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ETS variant 4 (ETV4), together with ETV1 and ETV5, constitute the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors, which are implicated in the progression of many cancers. However, the clinicopathologic significance and molecular events regulated by ETV4 in lung cancer are still poorly understood, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Here, we aimed to identify functional targets involved in ETV4-driven lung tumorigenesis. Microarray analysis and validation data revealed that ETV4 was the most preponderant PEA3 factor, which was significantly related to the advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs; all P < .001). Reduced ETV4 expression suppressed the growth and metastasis of NSCLC both in vivo and in vitro. Microarray, gain, or loss of function and luciferase report assays revealed the direct regulatory effect of ETV4 on the expression of focal adhesion gene PXN and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and PXN and/or MMP1 inhibition partially abolished cell proliferation and migration induced by ETV4. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that ETV4 and PXN or MMP1 co-overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human NSCLCs. In conclusion, the ETV4-PXN and ETV4-MMP1 axes are useful biomarkers of tumor progression and worse outcomes in NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaosong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shelly M Xie
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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23
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Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) has emerged as an important rheostat of cell growth regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Cic was originally discovered in Drosophila, where it was shown to be inactivated by MAPK signaling downstream of the RTKs Torso and EGFR, which results in signal-dependent responses that are required for normal cell fate specification, proliferation and survival of developing and adult tissues. CIC is highly conserved in mammals, where it is also negatively regulated by MAPK signaling. Here, we review the roles of CIC during mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, tumor formation and therapy resistance. Available data indicate that CIC is involved in multiple biological processes, including lung development, liver homeostasis, autoimmunity and neurobehavioral processes. Moreover, CIC has been shown to be involved in tumor development as a tumor suppressor, both in human as well as in mouse models. Finally, several lines of evidence implicate CIC as a determinant of sensitivity to EGFR and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that CIC may play a broader role in human cancer than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Simón-Carrasco
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Gerardo Jiménez
- b Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona-CSIC , Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona , Spain.,c ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
| | - Matthias Drosten
- a Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) , Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid , Spain
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24
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Lee H, Song J. The crystal structure of Capicua HMG‐box domain complexed with the ETV5‐DNA and its implications for Capicua‐mediated cancers. FEBS J 2019; 286:4951-4963. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
| | - Ji‐Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Korea
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25
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Park S, Park J, Kim E, Lee Y. The Capicua/ETS Translocation Variant 5 Axis Regulates Liver-Resident Memory CD8 + T-Cell Development and the Pathogenesis of Liver Injury. Hepatology 2019; 70:358-371. [PMID: 30810242 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver-resident memory T (liver TRM ) cells exert protective immune responses following liver infection by malaria parasites. However, how these TRM cells are developed and what the consequence is if they are not properly maintained remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor, Capicua (CIC), controls liver CD8+ TRM cell development to maintain normal liver function. Cic-deficient mice have a greater number of liver CD8+ TRM cells and liver injury phenotypes accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokine genes in liver tissues. Excessive formation of CD69+ CD8+ TRM -like cells was also observed in mice with acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Moreover, expansion of liver CD8+ TRM cell population and liver injury phenotypes in T-cell-specific Cic null mice were rescued by codeletion of ETS translocation variant [Etv]5 alleles, indicating that Etv5 is a CIC target gene responsible for regulation of CD8+ TRM cell development and liver function. We also discovered that ETV5 directly regulates expression of Hobit, a master transcription factor for TRM cell development, in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the CIC-ETV5 axis as a key molecular module that controls CD8+ TRM cell development, indicating a pathogenic role for CD8+ TRM cells in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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26
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Bunda S, Heir P, Metcalf J, Li ASC, Agnihotri S, Pusch S, Yasin M, Li M, Burrell K, Mansouri S, Singh O, Wilson M, Alamsahebpour A, Nejad R, Choi B, Kim D, von Deimling A, Zadeh G, Aldape K. CIC protein instability contributes to tumorigenesis in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:661. [PMID: 30737375 PMCID: PMC6368580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor that counteracts activation of genes downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/ERK signaling. It is well-established that tumorigenesis, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), is attributed to hyperactive RTK/Ras/ERK signaling. While CIC is mutated in other tumors, here we show that CIC has a tumor suppressive function in GBM through an alternative mechanism. We find that CIC protein levels are negligible in GBM due to continuous proteasome-mediated degradation, which is mediated by the E3 ligase PJA1 and show that this occurs through binding of CIC to its DNA target and phosphorylation on residue S173. PJA1 knockdown increased CIC stability and extended survival using in-vivo models of GBM. Deletion of the ERK binding site resulted in stabilization of CIC and increased therapeutic efficacy of ERK inhibition in GBM models. Our results provide a rationale to target CIC degradation in Ras/ERK-driven tumors, including GBM, to increase efficacy of ERK inhibitors. Capicua (CIC) is a tumour suppressor in oligodendroglioma. Here, the authors show that ERK activation mediates CIC regulation via ubiquitination and degradation by PJA1 and a degradation resistant form of CIC enhances efficacy of ERK inhibition in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Julie Metcalf
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Annie Si Cong Li
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Presbyterian, Suite B-400, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Mamatjan Yasin
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mira Li
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Olivia Singh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mark Wilson
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Amir Alamsahebpour
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Romina Nejad
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Bethany Choi
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David Kim
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.,German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Insititute of Medical Science, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada. .,Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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27
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Benhra N, Barrio L, Muzzopappa M, Milán M. Chromosomal Instability Induces Cellular Invasion in Epithelial Tissues. Dev Cell 2018; 47:161-174.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Wong D, Lounsbury K, Lum A, Song J, Chan S, LeBlanc V, Chittaranjan S, Marra M, Yip S. Transcriptomic analysis of CIC and ATXN1L reveal a functional relationship exploited by cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:273-90. [PMID: 30093628 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in Capicua (CIC) have recently been implicated as a negative prognostic factor in a multitude of cancer types through activation of the MAPK signalling cascade and derepression of oncogenic ETS transcription factors. The Ataxin-family protein ATXN1L has previously been reported to interact with CIC in developmental and disease contexts to facilitate the repression of CIC target genes. To further investigate this relationship, we performed functional in vitro studies utilizing ATXN1LKO and CICKO human cell lines and characterized a reciprocal functional relationship between CIC and ATXN1L. Transcriptomic interrogation of the CIC-ATXN1-ATXN1L axis in low-grade glioma, prostate adenocarcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma TCGA cohorts revealed context-dependent convergence of gene sets and pathways related to mitotic cell cycle and division. This study highlights the CIC-ATXN1-ATXN1L axis as a more potent regulator of the cell cycle than previously appreciated.
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29
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Weissmann S, Cloos PA, Sidoli S, Jensen ON, Pollard S, Helin K. The Tumor Suppressor CIC Directly Regulates MAPK Pathway Genes via Histone Deacetylation. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4114-4125. [PMID: 29844126 PMCID: PMC6076439 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors accounting for approximately 10% of all central nervous system cancers. CIC is a transcription factor that is mutated in most patients with oligodendrogliomas; these mutations are believed to be a key oncogenic event in such cancers. Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster ortholog of CIC, Capicua, indicates that CIC loss phenocopies activation of the EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway, and studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated a role for CIC in repressing the transcription of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors. Here, we address the mechanism by which CIC represses transcription and assess the functional consequences of CIC inactivation. Genome-wide binding patterns of CIC in several cell types revealed that CIC target genes were enriched for MAPK effector genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and proliferation. CIC binding to target genes was abolished by high MAPK activity, which led to their transcriptional activation. CIC interacted with the SIN3 deacetylation complex and, based on our results, we suggest that CIC functions as a transcriptional repressor through the recruitment of histone deacetylases. Independent single amino acid substitutions found in oligodendrogliomas prevented CIC from binding its target genes. Taken together, our results show that CIC is a transcriptional repressor of genes regulated by MAPK signaling, and that ablation of CIC function leads to increased histone acetylation levels and transcription at these genes, ultimately fueling mitogen-independent tumor growth.Significance: Inactivation of CIC inhibits its direct repression of MAPK pathway genes, leading to their increased expression and mitogen-independent growth.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4114/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4114-25. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weissmann
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul A Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Centre for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steven Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Tan Q, Zoghbi HY. Mouse models as a tool for discovering new neurological diseases. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 165:106902. [PMID: 30030131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been the mainstay of biological and medical research. Although there are drawbacks to any research tool, we argue that mice have been under-utilized as a tool for predicting human diseases. Here we review four examples from our research group where studying the consequences of altered gene dosage in a mouse led to the discovery of previously unrecognized human syndromes: MECP2 duplication syndrome, SHANK3 duplication syndrome, CIC haploinsufficiency syndrome, and PUM1-related disorders. We also describe the clinical phenotypes of two individuals with CIC haploinsufficiency syndrome who have not been reported previously. To help bring biological insights gained from model systems a step closer to disease gene discovery, we discuss tools and resources that will facilitate this process. Moving back and forth between the lab and the clinic, between studies of mouse models and human patients, will continue to drive disease gene discovery and lead to better understanding of gene functions and disease mechanisms, laying the groundwork for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Tan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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31
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Rousseaux MWC, Tschumperlin T, Lu HC, Lackey EP, Bondar VV, Wan YW, Tan Q, Adamski CJ, Friedrich J, Twaroski K, Chen W, Tolar J, Henzler C, Sharma A, Bajić A, Lin T, Duvick L, Liu Z, Sillitoe RV, Zoghbi HY, Orr HT. ATXN1-CIC Complex Is the Primary Driver of Cerebellar Pathology in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 through a Gain-of-Function Mechanism. Neuron 2018. [PMID: 29526553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are caused by expansion of translated CAG repeats in distinct genes leading to altered protein function. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a gain of function of polyQ-expanded ataxin-1 (ATXN1) contributes to cerebellar pathology. The extent to which cerebellar toxicity depends on its cognate partner capicua (CIC), versus other interactors, remains unclear. It is also not established whether loss of the ATXN1-CIC complex in the cerebellum contributes to disease pathogenesis. In this study, we exclusively disrupt the ATXN1-CIC interaction in vivo and show that it is at the crux of cerebellar toxicity in SCA1. Importantly, loss of CIC in the cerebellum does not cause ataxia or Purkinje cell degeneration. Expression profiling of these gain- and loss-of-function models, coupled with data from iPSC-derived neurons from SCA1 patients, supports a mechanism in which gain of function of the ATXN1-CIC complex is the major driver of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tyler Tschumperlin
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chih Lu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Lackey
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vitaliy V Bondar
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carolyn J Adamski
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jillian Friedrich
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kirk Twaroski
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- RISS Bioinformatics, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aleksandar Bajić
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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32
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Tan Q, Brunetti L, Rousseaux MWC, Lu HC, Wan YW, Revelli JP, Liu Z, Goodell MA, Zoghbi HY. Loss of Capicua alters early T cell development and predisposes mice to T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1511-E1519. [PMID: 29382756 PMCID: PMC5816173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716452115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Capicua (CIC) regulates a transcriptional network downstream of the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade. In Drosophila, CIC is important for many developmental processes, including embryonic patterning and specification of wing veins. In humans, CIC has been implicated in neurological diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Additionally, we and others have reported mutations in CIC in several cancers. However, whether CIC is a tumor suppressor remains to be formally tested. In this study, we found that deletion of Cic in adult mice causes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL). Using hematopoietic-specific deletion and bone marrow transplantation studies, we show that loss of Cic from hematopoietic cells is sufficient to drive T-ALL. Cic-null tumors show up-regulation of the KRAS pathway as well as activation of the NOTCH1 and MYC transcriptional programs. In sum, we demonstrate that loss of CIC causes T-ALL, establishing it as a tumor suppressor for lymphoid malignancies. Moreover, we show that mouse models lacking CIC in the hematopoietic system are robust models for studying the role of RAS signaling as well as NOTCH1 and MYC transcriptional programs in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Tan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hsiang-Chih Lu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030;
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Papagianni A, Forés M, Shao W, He S, Koenecke N, Andreu MJ, Samper N, Paroush Z, González-Crespo S, Zeitlinger J, Jiménez G. Capicua controls Toll/IL-1 signaling targets independently of RTK regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1807-12. [PMID: 29432195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713930115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMG-box protein Capicua (Cic) is a conserved transcriptional repressor that functions downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways in a relatively simple switch: In the absence of signaling, Cic represses RTK-responsive genes by binding to nearly invariant sites in DNA, whereas activation of RTK signaling down-regulates Cic activity, leading to derepression of its targets. This mechanism controls gene expression in both Drosophila and mammals, but whether Cic can also function via other regulatory mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we characterize an RTK-independent role of Cic in regulating spatially restricted expression of Toll/IL-1 signaling targets in Drosophila embryogenesis. We show that Cic represses those targets by binding to suboptimal DNA sites of lower affinity than its known consensus sites. This binding depends on Dorsal/NF-κB, which translocates into the nucleus upon Toll activation and binds next to the Cic sites. As a result, Cic binds to and represses Toll targets only in regions with nuclear Dorsal. These results reveal a mode of Cic regulation unrelated to the well-established RTK/Cic depression axis and implicate cooperative binding in conjunction with low-affinity binding sites as an important mechanism of enhancer regulation. Given that Cic plays a role in many developmental and pathological processes in mammals, our results raise the possibility that some of these Cic functions are independent of RTK regulation and may depend on cofactor-assisted DNA binding.
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34
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Tanaka M, Yoshimoto T, Nakamura T. A double-edged sword: The world according to Capicua in cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2319-2325. [PMID: 28985030 PMCID: PMC5715262 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CIC/Capicua is an HMG‐box transcription factor that is well conserved during evolution. CIC recognizes the T(G/C)AATG(A/G)A sequence and represses its target genes, such as PEA3 family genes. The receptor tyrosine kinase/RAS/MAPK signals downregulate CIC and relieves CIC's target genes from the transrepressional activity; CIC thus acts as an important downstream molecule of the pathway and as a tumor suppressor. CIC loss‐of‐function mutations are frequently observed in several human neoplasms such as oligodendroglioma, and lung and gastric carcinoma. CIC is also involved in chromosomal translocation‐associated gene fusions in highly aggressive small round cell sarcoma that is biologically and clinically distinct from Ewing sarcoma. In these mutations, PEA3 family genes and other important target genes are upregulated, inducing malignant phenotypes. Downregulation of CIC abrogates the effect of MAPK inhibitors, suggesting its potential role as an important modifier of molecular target therapies for cancer. These data reveal the importance of CIC as a key molecule in signal transduction, carcinogenesis, and developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Tanaka
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoki Yoshimoto
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Division of Carcinogenesis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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