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Huggins X, Gleeson T, Castilla-Rho J, Holley C, Re V, Famiglietti JS. Groundwater connections and sustainability in social-ecological systems. Ground Water 2023. [PMID: 36928631 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater resources are connected with social, economic, ecological, and Earth systems. We introduce the framing of groundwater-connected systems to better represent the nature and complexity of these connections in data collection, scientific investigations, governance and management approaches, and groundwater education. Groundwater-connected systems are social, economic, ecological, and Earth systems that interact with groundwater, such as irrigated agriculture, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, and cultural relationships to groundwater expressions such as springs and rivers. Groundwater-connected systems form social-ecological systems with complex behaviours such as feedbacks, non-linear processes, multiple stable system states, and path dependency. These complex behaviours are only visible through this integrated system framing and are not endogenous properties of physical groundwater systems. The framing is syncretic as it aims to provide a common conceptual foundation for the growing disciplines of socio-hydrogeology, eco-hydrogeology, groundwater governance, and hydro-social groundwater analysis. The framing also facilitates greater alignment between the groundwater sustainability discourse and emerging sustainability concepts and principles. Aligning with these concepts and principles presents groundwater sustainability as more than a physical state to be reached; and argues that place-based and multi-faceted goals, values, justice, knowledge systems, governance and management must continually be integrated to maintain groundwater's social, ecological, and Earth system functions. The groundwater-connected system framing can underpin a broad, methodologically pluralistic, and community-driven new wave of data collection and analysis, research, governance, management, and education. These developments, together, can invigorate efforts to foster sustainable groundwater futures in the complex systems groundwater is embedded within. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander Huggins
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tom Gleeson
- Department of Civil Engineering and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Juan Castilla-Rho
- Faculty of Business, Government & Law and Center for Change Governance, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cameron Holley
- School of Law, Society and Criminology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viviana Re
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - James S Famiglietti
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
- Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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2
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Biedenweg K, Anderson L, Chisholm Hatfield Siletz Cherokee S, Hollender R, Kintner L, Trimbach DJ. Seeking Consilience: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Western Social Science Contributions to Orca Conservation Knowledge. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Nyboer EA, Reid AJ, Jeanson AL, Kelly R, Mackay M, House J, Arnold SM, Simonin PW, Sedanza MGC, Rice ED, Quiros TEAL, Pierucci A, Ortega-Cisneros K, Nakamura JN, Melli V, Mbabazi S, Martins MSL, Ledesma ABB, Obregón C, Labatt CK, Kadykalo AN, Heldsinger M, Green ME, Fuller JL, Franco-Meléndez M, Burnett MJ, Bolin JA, Andrade-Vera S, Cooke SJ. Goals, challenges, and next steps in transdisciplinary fisheries research: perspectives and experiences from early-career researchers. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023; 33:349-374. [PMID: 35968251 PMCID: PMC9361974 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-022-09719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries are highly complex social-ecological systems that often face 'wicked' problems from unsustainable resource management to climate change. Addressing these challenges requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate perspectives across scientific disciplines and knowledge systems. Despite widespread calls for transdisciplinary fisheries research (TFR), there are still limitations in personal and institutional capacity to conduct and support this work to the highest potential. The viewpoints of early career researchers (ECRs) in this field can illuminate challenges and promote systemic change within fisheries research. This paper presents the perspectives of ECRs from across the globe, gathered through a virtual workshop held during the 2021 World Fisheries Congress, on goals, challenges, and future potential for TFR. Big picture goals for TFR were guided by principles of co-production and included (i) integrating transdisciplinary thinking at all stages of the research process, (ii) ensuring that research is inclusive and equitable, (iii) co-creating knowledge that is credible, relevant, actionable, and impactful, and (iv) consistently communicating with partners. Institutional inertia, lack of recognition of the extra time and labour required for TFR, and lack of skill development opportunities were identified as three key barriers in conducting TFR. Several critical actions were identified to help ECRs, established researchers, and institutions reach these goals. We encourage ECRs to form peer-mentorship networks to guide each other along the way. We suggest that established researchers ensure consistent mentorship while also giving space to ECR voices. Actions for institutions include retooling education programs, developing and implementing new metrics of impact, and critically examining individualism and privilege in academia. We suggest that the opportunities and actions identified here, if widely embraced now, can enable research that addresses complex challenges facing fishery systems contributing to a healthier future for fish and humans alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Nyboer
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Andrea J. Reid
- Centre for Indigenous Fisheries, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Amanda L. Jeanson
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jenny House
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
| | | | - Paul W. Simonin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Mary Grace C. Sedanza
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521 Japan
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Philippines
| | - Emma D. Rice
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - T. E. Angela L. Quiros
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Akkeshi Marine Station, Hokkaido University, Hokkaidô, Japan
| | - Andrea Pierucci
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale Per Lo Studio Delle Risorse del Mare, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Julia N. Nakamura
- Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance (SCELG), University of Strathclyde Law School, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valentina Melli
- DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, North Sea Science Park, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Stella Mbabazi
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mariana S. L. Martins
- Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory (LabPesq), Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil - Praça do Oceanográfico, 11 - sala 107 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Anne Brigette B. Ledesma
- Institute of Fisheries Policy and Development Studies, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Philippines
| | - Clara Obregón
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Chepkemboi K. Labatt
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Rd, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute-KMFRI, Ocean and Coastal Systems, PO Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Andrew N. Kadykalo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Michael Heldsinger
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- RPS Group, Oceans and Coastal Sector, Level 2/27-31 Troode St, West Perth, WA 6005 Australia
| | - Madeline E. Green
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jessica L. Fuller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Milagros Franco-Meléndez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con mención en Manejo de Recursos Acuáticos Renovables, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS-Sur Austral, EPOMAR, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Matthew J. Burnett
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica A. Bolin
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD Australia
| | - Solange Andrade-Vera
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands Ecuador
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
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Candiago S, Winkler KJ, Giombini V, Giupponi C, Egarter Vigl L. An ecosystem service approach to the study of vineyard landscapes in the context of climate change: a review. Sustain Sci 2023; 18:997-1013. [PMID: 37012995 PMCID: PMC10063506 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vineyard landscapes significantly contribute to the economy, identity, culture, and biodiversity of many regions worldwide. Climate change, however, is increasingly threatening the resilience of vineyard landscapes and of their ecological conditions, undermining the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Previous research has often focused on climate change impacts, ecosystem conditions and ecosystem services without systematically reviewing how they have been studied in the literature on viticulture. Here, we systematically review the literature on vineyard landscapes to identify how ecosystem conditions and services have been investigated, and whether an integrative approach to investigate the effects of climate change was adopted. Our results indicate that there are still very few studies that explicitly address multiple ecosystem conditions and services together. Only 28 and 18% of the reviewed studies considered more than two ecosystem conditions or services, respectively. Moreover, while more than 97% of the relationships between ecosystem conditions and services studied were addressing provisioning and regulating services, only 3% examined cultural services. Finally, this review found that there is a lack of integrative studies that address simultaneously the relationships between ecosystem condition, ecosystem services and climate change (only 15 out of 112 studies). To overcome these gaps and to better understand the functioning of vineyard socio-ecological systems under climate change, multidisciplinary, integrative, and comprehensive approaches should be adopted by future studies. A holistic understanding of vineyard landscapes will indeed be crucial to support researchers and decision makers in developing sustainable adaptation strategies that enhance the ecological condition of vineyards and ensure the provision of multiple ecosystem services under future climate scenarios. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01223-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Candiago
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, S. Giobbe 873, 30121 Venice, Italy
| | - Klara Johanna Winkler
- McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Drive, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Valentina Giombini
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Giupponi
- Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, S. Giobbe 873, 30121 Venice, Italy
| | - Lukas Egarter Vigl
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
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5
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Dando TR, Crowley SL, Young RP, Carter SP, McDonald RA. Social feasibility assessments in conservation translocations. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 38:459-472. [PMID: 36567154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of conservation translocations could contribute to reversing global biodiversity loss. Although evaluations of ecological factors affecting translocation outcomes are commonplace, consideration of human social factors remains rare, hindering improvements to this conservation practice. We analysed 550 translocation case studies to explore the inclusion of social factors in project feasibility assessments. Reviewed projects often failed to assess social feasibility, and assessments, where attempted, tended to be narrow in scope. Consequently, challenges such as proactively addressing conflict often remained unaddressed. Insufficient knowledge sharing and prioritisation of ecological feasibility, to the detriment of social feasibility, remain barriers to effective planning. Successful outcomes of translocations are linked to early assessment of social feasibility and to the establishment of long-term commitments between people, places, and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Dando
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Sarah L Crowley
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, UK
| | - Richard P Young
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey JE3 5BP, Channel Islands
| | - Stephen P Carter
- Vincent Wildlife Trust, 3 and 4 Bronsil Courtyard, Eastnor, Ledbury HR8 1EP, Herefordshire, UK
| | - Robbie A McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, UK.
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6
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Nuijten RJM, Katzner TE, Allen AM, Bijleveld AI, Boorsma T, Börger L, Cagnacci F, Hart T, Henley MA, Herren RM, Kok EMA, Maree B, Nebe B, Shohami D, Vogel SM, Walker P, Heitkönig IMA, Milner‐Gulland EJ. Priorities for translating goodwill between movement ecologists and conservation practitioners into effective collaboration. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rascha J. M. Nuijten
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Todd E. Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Andrew M. Allen
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Allert I. Bijleveld
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Tjalle Boorsma
- Asociación Civil Armonía Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige Italy
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Michelle A. Henley
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Environmental Research Unit University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa
- Elephants Alive Limpopo South Africa
| | | | - Eva M. A. Kok
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg The Netherlands
| | | | | | - David Shohami
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Faculty of Science The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Susanne Marieke Vogel
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Ignas M. A. Heitkönig
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Milner‐Gulland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
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Luque‐Lora R, Keane A, Fisher JA, Holmes G, Sandbrook C. A global analysis of factors predicting conservationists' values. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | | | - Chris Sandbrook
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Archer LJ, Müller HS, Jones LP, Ma H, Gleave R, da Silva Cerqueira A, McMurdo Hamilton T, Shennan‐Farpón Y. Towards fairer conservation: Perspectives and ideas from early‐career researchers. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Archer
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Conservation and Behaviour Lab, School of Life Sciences and the Environment Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | - Helen S. Müller
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Department of Anthropology University College London London UK
| | - Lizzie P. Jones
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Conservation and Behaviour Lab, School of Life Sciences and the Environment Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | - Heidi Ma
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Conservation and Behaviour Lab, School of Life Sciences and the Environment Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | - Rosalind A. Gleave
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Conservation and Behaviour Lab, School of Life Sciences and the Environment Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | - Aline da Silva Cerqueira
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Department of Geography King’s College London London UK
| | - Thalassa McMurdo Hamilton
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research (CBER) University College London London UK
- Biodiversify Newark UK
| | - Yara Shennan‐Farpón
- Zoological Society of London Institute of Zoology London UK
- Department of Anthropology University College London London UK
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Stirling A, Burgman MA. Strengthening conservation science as a crisis discipline by addressing challenges of precaution, privilege, and individualism. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1738-1746. [PMID: 34405462 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conservation science deals with crises and supports policy interventions devised to mitigate highly uncertain threats that pose irreversible harm. When conventional policy tools, such as quantitative risk assessments, are insufficient, the precautionary principle provides a practical framework and range of robust heuristics. Yet, precaution is often resisted in many policy arenas, especially those involving powerful self-interests, and this resistance is compounded by structures of privilege and competitive individualism in science. We describe key drivers and effects of such resistance in conservation science. These include a loss of rigor under uncertainty, an erosion of crisis response capabilities, and a further reinforcement of privileged interests in conservation politics. We recommend open acknowledgement of the pressures exerted by power inside science; greater recognition for the value of the precautionary principle under uncertainty; deliberate measures to resist competitive individualism; support for blind review, open science, and data sharing; and a shift from hierarchical multidisciplinarity toward more egalitarian transdisciplinarity to accelerate advances in conservation science. Article impact statement: Precautionary principle, privilege structures among disciplines, and culture of individualism link to effective conservation policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Stirling
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - Mark A Burgman
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Rivera CJ, Mayo D, Hull V. Social-Ecological Interactions Influencing Primate Harvest: Insights From Madagascar. Front Conserv Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.776897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, non-human primates face mounting threats due to unsustainable harvest by humans. There is a need to better understand the diverse drivers of primate harvest and the complex social-ecological interactions influencing harvest in shared human-primate systems. Here, we take an interdisciplinary, systems approach to assess how complex interactions among primate biological and ecological characteristics and human social factors affect primate harvest. We apply our approach through a review and synthesis of the literature on lemur harvest in Madagascar, a country with one of the highest primate species richness in the world coupled with high rates of threatened primate species and populations in decline. We identify social and ecological factors affecting primate harvest, including the characteristics of lemurs that may make them vulnerable to harvest by humans; factors describing human motivations for (or deterrents to) harvest; and political and governance factors related to power and accessibility. We then discuss social-ecological interactions that emerge from: (1) the prevalence of informal institutions (e.g., cultural taboos), (2) adoption of human predatory strategies, (3) synergies with habitat use and habitat loss, and (4) interactions among regional- and local-scale factors (multi-level interactions). Our results illustrate that social-ecological interactions influencing lemur harvest in Madagascar are complex and context-specific, while influenced by a combination of interactions between species-specific characteristics and human social factors. These context-specific interactions may be also influenced by local-level cultural practices, land use change, and effects from regional-level social complexities such as political upheaval and food insecurity. We conclude by discussing the importance of identifying and explicitly accounting for nuances in underlying social-ecological systems and putting forth ideas for future research on primate harvest in shared human-primate systems, including research on social-ecological feedbacks and the application of Routine Activities Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Welden
- School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Alexandre Chausson
- Nature‐based Solutions Initiative Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Marina S. Melanidis
- Department of Forest Resources Management University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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Madliger CL, Love OP, Nguyen VM, Haddaway NR, Cooke SJ. Researcher perspectives on challenges and opportunities in conservation physiology revealed from an online survey. Conserv Physiol 2021; 9:coab030. [PMID: 33959293 PMCID: PMC8084030 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conservation physiology represents a recently emerging arm of conservation science that applies physiological tools and techniques to understand and solve conservation issues. While a multi-disciplinary toolbox can only help to address the global biodiversity crisis, any field can face challenges while becoming established, particularly highly applied disciplines that require multi-stakeholder involvement. Gaining first-hand knowledge of the challenges that conservation physiologists are facing can help characterize the current state of the field and build a better foundation for determining how it can grow. Through an online survey of 468 scientists working at the intersection of physiology and conservation, we aimed to identify characteristics of those engaging in conservation physiology research (e.g. demographics, primary taxa of study), gauge conservation physiology's role in contributing to on-the-ground conservation action, identify the perceived barriers to achieving success and determine how difficult any identified barriers are to overcome. Despite all participants having experience combining physiology and conservation, only one-third considered themselves to be 'conservation physiologists'. Moreover, there was a general perception that conservation physiology does not yet regularly lead to tangible conservation success. Respondents identified the recent conceptualization of the field and the broader issue of adequately translating science into management action as the primary reasons for these deficits. Other significant barriers that respondents have faced when integrating physiology and conservation science included a lack of funding, logistical constraints (e.g. sample sizes, obtaining permits) and a lack of physiological baseline data (i.e. reference ranges of a physiological metric's 'normal' or pre-environmental change levels). We identified 12 actions based on suggestions of survey participants that we anticipate will help deconstruct the barriers and continue to develop a narrative of physiology that is relevant to conservation science, policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Madliger
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Vivian M Nguyen
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Neal R Haddaway
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, 10451 Stockholm, Sweden
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Torgauer Strasse 19, 10829, Berlin, Germany
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Williams
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
- Bren School of Environmental Science and ManagementUniversity of California Santa Barbara California
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David S Wilcove
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton University Princeton New Jersey
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Cooke SJ, Nguyen VM, Anastakis D, Scott SD, Turetsky MR, Amirfazli A, Hearn A, Milton CE, Loewen L, Smith EE, Norris DR, Lavoie KL, Aiken A, Ansari D, Antle AN, Babel M, Bailey J, Bernstein DM, Birnbaum R, Bourassa C, Calcagno A, Campana A, Chen B, Collins K, Connelly CE, Denov M, Dupont B, George E, Gregory-Eaves I, High S, Hill JM, Jackson PL, Jette N, Jurdjevic M, Kothari A, Khairy P, Lamoureux SA, Ladner K, Landry CR, Légaré F, Lehoux N, Leuprecht C, Lieverse AR, Luczak A, Mallory ML, Manning E, Mazalek A, Murray SJ, Newman LL, Oosterveld V, Potvin P, Reimer-Kirkham S, Rowsell J, Stacey D, Tighe SL, Vocadlo DJ, Wilson AE, Woolford A. Diverse perspectives on interdisciplinarity from Members of the College of the Royal Society of Canada. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various multiple-disciplinary terms and concepts (although most commonly “interdisciplinarity,” which is used herein) are used to frame education, scholarship, research, and interactions within and outside academia. In principle, the premise of interdisciplinarity may appear to have many strengths; yet, the extent to which interdisciplinarity is embraced by the current generation of academics, the benefits and risks for doing so, and the barriers and facilitators to achieving interdisciplinarity, represent inherent challenges. Much has been written on the topic of interdisciplinarity, but to our knowledge there have been few attempts to consider and present diverse perspectives from scholars, artists, and scientists in a cohesive manner. As a team of 57 members from the Canadian College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada (the College) who self-identify as being engaged or interested in interdisciplinarity, we provide diverse intellectual, cultural, and social perspectives. The goal of this paper is to share our collective wisdom on this topic with the broader community and to stimulate discourse and debate on the merits and challenges associated with interdisciplinarity. Perhaps the clearest message emerging from this exercise is that working across established boundaries of scholarly communities is rewarding, necessary, and is more likely to result in impact. However, there are barriers that limit the ease with which this can occur (e.g., lack of institutional structures and funding to facilitate cross-disciplinary exploration). Occasionally, there can be significant risk associated with doing interdisciplinary work (e.g., lack of adequate measurement or recognition of work by disciplinary peers). Solving many of the world’s complex and pressing problems (e.g., climate change, sustainable agriculture, the burden of chronic disease, and aging populations) demands thinking and working across long-standing, but in some ways restrictive, academic boundaries. Academic institutions and key support structures, especially funding bodies, will play an important role in helping to realize what is readily apparent to all who contributed to this paper—that interdisciplinarity is essential for solving complex problems; it is the new norm. Failure to empower and encourage those doing this research will serve as a great impediment to training, knowledge, and addressing societal issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vivian M. Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dimitry Anastakis
- History Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr., Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Shannon D. Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Merritt R. Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alidad Amirfazli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alison Hearn
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Cynthia E. Milton
- Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Laura Loewen
- Desautels Faculty of Music, University of Manitoba, 150 Dafoe Rd. W, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T4N 2N1, Canada
| | - D. Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Nature Conservancy of Canada, 245 Eglington Avenue East, Toronto, ON M4P 3J1, Canada
| | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal and CIUSSS-NIM Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, CP 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Alice Aiken
- Faculty of Health and Office of the Vice-President, Research and Innovation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Psychology & Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alissa N. Antle
- School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, 250—13450 102 Avenue, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada
| | - Molly Babel
- Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia, 2613 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jane Bailey
- Faculty of Law (Common Law), University of Ottawa, 57 Louis Pasteur St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666-72nd Ave., Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada
| | - Rachel Birnbaum
- School of Social Work and Childhood Studies and Interdisciplinary Programs, King’s University College at Western, 266 Epworth Avenue, London, ON N6A 2M3, Canada
| | - Carrie Bourassa
- Indigenous Health, Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Antonio Calcagno
- Department of Philosophy, King’s University College at Western University, 266 Epworth Avenue, London, ON N6A 2M3, Canada
| | - Aurélie Campana
- Département de science politique, Faculté des sciences sociales, Université Laval, 1030 avenue des Sciences humaines, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, 240 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1A 3X5, Canada
| | - Karen Collins
- Department of Communication Arts, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Catherine E. Connelly
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Myriam Denov
- School of Social Work, McGill University, 3506 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Benoît Dupont
- Centre international de criminologie comparée, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Eric George
- École des medias, The Université du Québec à Montréal, 405 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - Irene Gregory-Eaves
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Steven High
- Department of History, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd Ouest, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Josephine M. Hill
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Philip L. Jackson
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jette
- Departments of Neurology and Population Health Sciences & Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Jurdjevic
- Department of History, York University-Glendon Campus, 2275 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- Faculty of Health Studies, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, 5000 Bélanger, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Sylvie A. Lamoureux
- Faculty of Arts, Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute, Université d’Ottawa, 70 Laurier Est, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kiera Ladner
- Political Studies, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Christian R. Landry
- Département de biologie & Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bioinformatique, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- INRS, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, 1650, boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Québec, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Nadia Lehoux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pavillon Pouliot, Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Christian Leuprecht
- Department of Political Science and Economics, Royal Military College of Canada, P.O. Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Angela R. Lieverse
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Saskatchewan, 55 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B1, Canada
| | - Artur Luczak
- Canadian Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mark L. Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 15 University Dr., Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Erin Manning
- Film Studies and Studio Art, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve W, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Ali Mazalek
- Synaesthetic Media Lab, Ryerson University, Bell Trinity Square N103, 483 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5G 2E1, Canada
| | - Stuart J. Murray
- Department of English Language and Literature and Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lenore L. Newman
- Department of Geography, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Rd., Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Valerie Oosterveld
- Faculty of Law, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Patrice Potvin
- Département de didactique, Faculté des sciences de l’éducation, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sheryl Reimer-Kirkham
- School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Rd., Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rowsell
- Department of Educational Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dawn Stacey
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Susan L. Tighe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Anne E. Wilson
- Psychology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Andrew Woolford
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractConservation researchers are increasingly drawing on a wide range of philosophies, methods and values to examine conservation problems. Here we adopt methods from social psychology to develop a questionnaire with the dual purpose of illuminating diversity within conservation research communities and providing a tool for use in cross-disciplinary dialogue workshops. The questionnaire probes the preferences that different researchers have with regards to conservation science. It elicits insight into their motivations for carrying out research, the scales at which they tackle problems, the subjects they focus on, their beliefs about the connections between nature and society, their sense of reality as absolute or socially constituted, and their propensity for collaboration. Testing the questionnaire with a group of 204 conservation scientists at a student conference on conservation science, we illustrate the latent and multidimensional diversity in the research preferences held by conservation scientists. We suggest that creating opportunities to further explore these differences and similarities using facilitated dialogue could enrich the mutual understanding of the diverse research community in the conservation field.
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Dobson ADM, de Lange E, Keane A, Ibbett H, Milner-Gulland EJ. Integrating models of human behaviour between the individual and population levels to inform conservation interventions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180053. [PMID: 31352880 PMCID: PMC6710576 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation takes place within social-ecological systems, and many conservation interventions aim to influence human behaviour in order to push these systems towards sustainability. Predictive models of human behaviour are potentially powerful tools to support these interventions. This is particularly true if the models can link the attributes and behaviour of individuals with the dynamics of the social and environmental systems within which they operate. Here we explore this potential by showing how combining two modelling approaches (social network analysis, SNA, and agent-based modelling, ABM) could lead to more robust insights into a particular type of conservation intervention. We use our simple model, which simulates knowledge of ranger patrols through a hunting community and is based on empirical data from a Cambodian protected area, to highlight the complex, context-dependent nature of outcomes of information-sharing interventions, depending both on the configuration of the network and the attributes of the agents. We conclude by reflecting that both SNA and ABM, and many other modelling tools, are still too compartmentalized in application, either in ecology or social science, despite the strong methodological and conceptual parallels between their uses in different disciplines. Even a greater sharing of methods between disciplines is insufficient, however; given the impact of conservation on both the social and ecological aspects of systems (and vice versa), a fully integrated approach is needed, combining both the modelling approaches and the disciplinary insights of ecology and social science. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D M Dobson
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Emiel de Lange
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Aidan Keane
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Harriet Ibbett
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
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17
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Kelly R, Mackay M, Nash KL, Cvitanovic C, Allison EH, Armitage D, Bonn A, Cooke SJ, Frusher S, Fulton EA, Halpern BS, Lopes PFM, Milner-gulland EJ, Peck MA, Pecl GT, Stephenson RL, Werner F. Ten tips for developing interdisciplinary socio-ecological researchers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1:149-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s42532-019-00018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Robinson KF, Fuller AK, Stedman RC, Siemer WF, Decker DJ. Integration of social and ecological sciences for natural resource decision making: challenges and opportunities. Environ Manage 2019; 63:565-573. [PMID: 30739152 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The last 25 years have witnessed growing recognition that natural resource management decisions depend as much on understanding humans and their social interactions as on understanding the interactions between non-human organisms and their environment. Decision science provides a framework for integrating ecological and social factors into a decision, but challenges to integration remain. The decision-analytic framework elicits values and preferences to help articulate objectives, and then evaluates the outcomes of alternative management actions to achieve these objectives. Integrating social science into these steps can be hindered by failing to include social scientists as more than stakeholder-process facilitators, assuming that specific decision-analytic skills are commonplace for social scientists, misperceptions of social data as inherently qualitative, timescale mismatches for iterating through decision analysis and collecting relevant social data, difficulties in predicting human behavior, and failures of institutions to recognize the importance of this integration. We engage these challenges, and suggest solutions to them, helping move forward the integration of social and biological/ecological knowledge and considerations in decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly F Robinson
- Department of Natural Resources, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48842, USA.
| | - Angela K Fuller
- Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard C Stedman
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Center for Conservation Social Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William F Siemer
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Center for Conservation Social Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel J Decker
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell Center for Conservation Social Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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19
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Laverty TM, Teel TL, Thomas REW, Gawusab AA, Berger J. Using pastoral ideology to understand human–wildlife coexistence in arid agricultural landscapes. Conservat Sci and Prac 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Laverty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Tara L. Teel
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Rebecca E. W. Thomas
- Department of Parks, Conservation, and Recreational Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joel Berger
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
- Americas Program, Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York
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Ahlborg H, Ruiz-mercado I, Molander S, Masera O. Bringing Technology into Social-Ecological Systems Research—Motivations for a Socio-Technical-Ecological Systems Approach. Sustainability 2019; 11:2009. [DOI: 10.3390/su11072009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this synthesis paper is to present the motivations and conceptual basis for research on socio-technical-ecological systems (STES), addressing the need for interdisciplinary studies targeting the technological mediation of human–environment relationships. The background is the very limited number of collaborations between scholars of social-ecological systems and sociotechnical systems (SES), despite repeated calls for bridging work. The synthesis builds on an in-depth review of previous literature, interdisciplinary exchanges, and empirical examples. The result is arguments for why a sociotechnical understanding of ‘technology’ is of central importance for SES studies, related to how technology: (1) mediates human–environment relationships; (2) brings ambivalence to these relationships; (3) enhances and transforms human agency and provides a source of constitutive power; (4) changes scalar relationships, enabling our interaction with and impact on the natural world across time and space. Furthermore, we present an STES analytical approach which starts from symmetrical attention to technology, society, and environment, specifically targeting interfaces and relationships of critical relevance for SES scholars, and address counterarguments that we have encountered. We conclude that a shift to STES research will enhance our knowledge of system interfaces that are often overlooked, opening further avenues for research and real-world interventions.
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Kelley PH, Dietl GP, Visaggi CC. Model for improved undergraduate training in translational conservation science. Conservation Science and Practice 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/csp2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia H. Kelley
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences; University of North Carolina Wilmington; Wilmington North Carolina
| | - Gregory P. Dietl
- Paleontological Research Institution; Ithaca New York
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia H. Kelley
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington North Carolina
| | - Gregory P. Dietl
- Paleontological Research Institution Ithaca New York
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca New York
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Milardi M, Aschonitis V, Gavioli A, Lanzoni M, Fano EA, Castaldelli G. Run to the hills: exotic fish invasions and water quality degradation drive native fish to higher altitudes. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:1325-1335. [PMID: 29929245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the significance of anthropogenic pressures in shaping species distributions and abundances is undeniable, some ambiguity still remains on their relative magnitude and interplay with natural environmental factors. In our study, we examined 91 late-invasion-stage river locations in Northern Italy using ordination methods and variance partitioning (partial-CCA), as well as an assessment of environmental thresholds (TITAN), to attempt to disentangle the effects of eutrophication and exotic species on native species. We found that exotic species, jointly with water quality (primarily eutrophication) and geomorphology, are the main drivers of the distribution of native species and that native species suffer more joint effects than exotic species. We also found that water temperature clearly separates species distributions and that some native species, like Italian bleak (Alburnus alborella) and Italian rudd (Scardinius hesperidicus), seem to be the most resilient to exotic fish species. We also analyzed the dataset for nestedness (BINMATNEST) to identify priority targets of conservation. As a result, we confirmed that altitude correlated negatively with eutrophication and nestedness of exotic species and positively with native species. Overall, our analysis was able to detect the effects of species invasions even at a late invasion stage, although reciprocal effects seemed comparable at this stage. Exotic species have pushed most native species on the edge of local extinction in several sites and displaced most of them on the rim of their natural distribution. Any potential site- and species-specific conservation action aimed at improving this situation could benefit from a carefully considered prioritization to yield the highest results-per-effort and success rate. However, we encourage future research to update the information available before singling out specific sites for conservation or outlining conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Milardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Vassilis Aschonitis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Anna Gavioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Mattia Lanzoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Via Luigi Borsari 46, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
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Meredith HM, St. John FA, Collen B, Black SA, Griffiths RA. Practitioner and scientist perceptions of successful amphibian conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:366-375. [PMID: 28856725 PMCID: PMC6849735 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conservation requires successful outcomes. However, success is perceived in many different ways depending on the desired outcome. Through a questionnaire survey, we examined perceptions of success among 355 scientists and practitioners working on amphibian conservation from over 150 organizations in more than 50 countries. We also sought to identify how different types of conservation actions and respondent experience and background influenced perceptions. Respondents identified 4 types of success: species and habitat improvements (84% of respondents); effective program management (36%); outreach initiatives such as education and public engagement (25%); and the application of science-based conservation (15%). The most significant factor influencing overall perceived success was reducing threats. Capacity building was rated least important. Perceptions were influenced by experience, professional affiliation, involvement in conservation practice, and country of residence. More experienced practitioners associated success with improvements to species and habitats and less so with education and engagement initiatives. Although science-based conservation was rated as important, this factor declined in importance as the number of programs a respondent participated in increased, particularly among those from less economically developed countries. The ultimate measure of conservation success-population recovery-may be difficult to measure in many amphibians; difficult to relate to the conservation actions intended to drive it; and difficult to achieve within conventional funding time frames. The relaunched Amphibian Conservation Action Plan provides a framework for capturing lower level processes and outcomes, identifying gaps, and measuring progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M.R. Meredith
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonRegent's ParkLondon NW1 4RYU.K.
- Current address: Amphibian Survival AllianceSynchronicity Earth32A Thurloe PlaceLondon SW7 2HQU.K.
| | - Freya A.V. St. John
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
- Current address: School of Environment, Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangor, GwyneddLL57 2UWU.K.
| | - Ben Collen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTU.K.
| | - Simon A. Black
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
| | - Richard A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterbury CT2 7NRU.K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pooley
- Lambert Lecturer in Environment (Applied Herpetology), Department of Geography; Birkbeck University of London; London WC1H 9EZ United Kingdom
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology; University of Oxford Tubney; Oxfordshire OX13 5QL United Kingdom
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Blair ME, Le MD, Sethi G, Thach HM, Nguyen VTH, Amato G, Birchette M, Sterling EJ. The Importance of an Interdisciplinary Research Approach to Inform Wildlife Trade Management in Southeast Asia. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Blair ME, Le MD, Sterling EJ. Multidisciplinary studies of wildlife trade in primates: Challenges and priorities. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29023874 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife trade is increasingly recognized as an unsustainable threat to primate populations and informing its management is a growing focus and application of primatological research. However, management policies based on ecological research alone cannot address complex socioeconomic or cultural contexts as drivers of wildlife trade. Multidisciplinary research is required to understand trade complexity and identify sustainable management strategies. Here, we define multidisciplinary research as research that combines more than one academic discipline, and highlight how the articles in this issue combine methods and approaches to fill key gaps and offer a more comprehensive understanding of underlying drivers of wildlife trade including consumer demand, enforcement patterns, source population status, and accessibility of targeted species. These articles also focus on how these drivers interact at different scales, how trade patterns relate to ethics, and the potential effectiveness of different policy interventions in reducing wildlife trade. We propose priorities for future research on primate trade including expanding from multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary research questions and approaches co-created by research teams that integrate across different disciplines such as cultural anthropology, ecology, economics, and public policy. We also discuss challenges that limit the integration of information across disciplines to meet these priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Blair
- American Museum of Natural History, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, New York, New York
| | - Minh D Le
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Department of Environmental Ecology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Eleanor J Sterling
- American Museum of Natural History, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, New York, New York
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Pooley S, Barua M, Beinart W, Dickman A, Holmes G, Lorimer J, Loveridge AJ, Macdonald DW, Marvin G, Redpath S, Sillero-Zubiri C, Zimmermann A, Milner-Gulland EJ. An interdisciplinary review of current and future approaches to improving human-predator relations. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:513-523. [PMID: 27783450 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a world of shrinking habitats and increasing competition for natural resources, potentially dangerous predators bring the challenges of coexisting with wildlife sharply into focus. Through interdisciplinary collaboration among authors trained in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, we reviewed current approaches to mitigating adverse human-predator encounters and devised a vision for future approaches to understanding and mitigating such encounters. Limitations to current approaches to mitigation include too much focus on negative impacts; oversimplified equating of levels of damage with levels of conflict; and unsuccessful technical fixes resulting from failure to engage locals, address hidden costs, or understand cultural (nonscientific) explanations of the causality of attacks. An emerging interdisciplinary literature suggests that to better frame and successfully mitigate negative human-predator relations conservation professionals need to consider dispensing with conflict as the dominant framework for thinking about human-predator encounters; work out what conflicts are really about (they may be human-human conflicts); unravel the historical contexts of particular conflicts; and explore different cultural ways of thinking about animals. The idea of cosmopolitan natures may help conservation professionals think more clearly about human-predator relations in both local and global context. These new perspectives for future research practice include a recommendation for focused interdisciplinary research and the use of new approaches, including human-animal geography, multispecies ethnography, and approaches from the environmental humanities notably environmental history. Managers should think carefully about how they engage with local cultural beliefs about wildlife, work with all parties to agree on what constitutes good evidence, develop processes and methods to mitigate conflicts, and decide how to monitor and evaluate these. Demand for immediate solutions that benefit both conservation and development favors dispute resolution and technical fixes, which obscures important underlying drivers of conflicts. If these drivers are not considered, well-intentioned efforts focused on human-wildlife conflicts will fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pooley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, U.K., & Department of Geography, Environment and Development Studies, Birkbeck, University of London, 32 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, U.K
| | - M Barua
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, U.K., & Oxford India Centre for Sustainable Development, Somerville College, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6HD, U.K
| | - W Beinart
- African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Road, Oxford, OX2 6LH, U.K
| | - A Dickman
- WildCRU, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, OX13 5QL, U.K
| | - G Holmes
- Critical Environmental Social Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - J Lorimer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, U.K
| | - A J Loveridge
- African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Road, Oxford, OX2 6LH, U.K
| | - D W Macdonald
- African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Road, Oxford, OX2 6LH, U.K
| | - G Marvin
- Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Erasmus House, Roehampton Lane, London, SW15 5PU, U.K
| | - S Redpath
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - C Sillero-Zubiri
- African Studies Centre, School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies, University of Oxford, 13 Bevington Road, Oxford, OX2 6LH, U.K
| | - A Zimmermann
- Conservation Science Department, Chester Zoo, Caughall Road, Upton-by-Chester, CH2 1LH, U.K., & WildCRU, Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, OX13 5QL, U.K
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, U.K
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Abstract
Contemporary conservation problems are typically positioned at the interface of complex ecological and human systems. Traditional approaches aiming to compartmentalize a phenomenon within the confines of a single discipline and failing to engage non-science partners are outmoded and cannot identify solutions that have traction in the social, economic, and political arenas in which conservation actions must operate. As a result, conservation science teams must adopt multiple disciplinary approaches that bridge not only academic disciplines but also the political and social realms and engage relevant partners. Five reasons are presented that outline why conservation problems demand multiple disciplinary approaches in order to move forward because: (i) socio-ecological systems are complex, (ii) multiple perspectives are better than one, (iii) the results of research must influence practice, (iv) the heterogeneity of scale necessitates it, and (v) conservation involves compromise. Presenting reasons that support multiple disciplinarity demands a review of the barriers that impede this process, as we are far from attaining a model or framework that is applicable in all contexts. Two challenges that impede multiple disciplinarity are discussed, in addition to pragmatic solutions that conservation scientists and practitioners can adopt in their work. Overall, conservation researchers and practitioners are encouraged to explore the multiple disciplinary dimensions of their respective realms to more effectively solve problems in biodiversity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dick
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rous
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vivian M. Nguyen
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation and Environmental Management, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Katsanevakis S, Mackelworth P, Coll M, Fraschetti S, Mačić V, Giakoumi S, Jones P, Levin N, Albano P, Badalamenti F, Brennan R, Claudet J, Culibrk D, D'Anna G, Deidun A, Evagelopoulos A, García-Charton J, Goldsborough D, Holcer D, Jimenez C, Kark S, Sørensen T, Lazar B, Martin G, Mazaris A, Micheli F, Milner-Gulland E, Pipitone C, Portman M, Pranovi F, Rilov G, Smith R, Stelzenmüller V, Vogiatzakis I, Winters G. Advancing marine conservation in European and contiguous seas with the MarCons Action. RIO 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Adams
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK.
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Gingrich S, Schmid M, Dirnböck T, Dullinger I, Garstenauer R, Gaube V, Haberl H, Kainz M, Kreiner D, Mayer R, Mirtl M, Sass O, Schauppenlehner T, Stocker-kiss A, Wildenberg M. Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research in Practice: Lessons from Inter- and Transdisciplinary Research in the Austrian Eisenwurzen. Sustainability 2016; 8:743. [DOI: 10.3390/su8080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rose DC, Brotherton PNM, Owens S, Pryke T. Honest advocacy for nature: presenting a persuasive narrative for conservation. Biodivers Conserv 2016; 27:1703-1723. [PMID: 31007418 PMCID: PMC6448358 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-016-1163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conservation scientists are increasingly recognising the value of communicating policy-relevant knowledge to policy-makers. Whilst considerable progress has been made in offering practical advice for scientists seeking to engage more closely with decision-makers, researchers have provided few tangible examples to learn from. This paper uses an English case study, but draws out important high-level messages relevant to conservation scientists worldwide. The case study looks at how the Lawton Review presented knowledge persuasively about the suitability of England's ecological network to deal with future pressures. Through skilful framing of rigorous scientific knowledge it was able to make a significant impact on government policy. Impact was achieved through: (1) selecting politically salient frames through which to communicate; (2) using clear, accessible language, and; (3) conducting rigorous science using an authoritative team of experts. Although its publication coincided with a favourable policy window, the Lawton Review seized on this opportunity to communicate a rigorously argued, persuasive and practical conservation message; in other words, it performed 'honest advocacy'. Thus, whilst it remains important to conduct scientific research with technical rigour, conservation scientists could also benefit from identifying salient frames for conservation and communicating clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Rose
- Present Address: Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN UK
| | | | - Susan Owens
- Present Address: Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN UK
| | - Thomas Pryke
- Present Address: Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN UK
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Rissman AR, Gillon S. Where are Ecology and Biodiversity in Social–Ecological Systems Research? A Review of Research Methods and Applied Recommendations. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adena R. Rissman
- Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Sean Gillon
- Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Food Systems and Society Marylhurst University 17600 Pacific Highway Portland OR 97036 USA
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Zijp MC, Posthuma L, Wintersen A, Devilee J, Swartjes FA. Definition and use of Solution-focused Sustainability Assessment: A novel approach to generate, explore and decide on sustainable solutions for wicked problems. Environ Int 2016; 91:319-31. [PMID: 27015388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces Solution-focused Sustainability Assessment (SfSA), provides practical guidance formatted as a versatile process framework, and illustrates its utility for solving a wicked environmental management problem. Society faces complex and increasingly wicked environmental problems for which sustainable solutions are sought. Wicked problems are multi-faceted, and deriving of a management solution requires an approach that is participative, iterative, innovative, and transparent in its definition of sustainability and translation to sustainability metrics. We suggest to add the use of a solution-focused approach. The SfSA framework is collated from elements from risk assessment, risk governance, adaptive management and sustainability assessment frameworks, expanded with the 'solution-focused' paradigm as recently proposed in the context of risk assessment. The main innovation of this approach is the broad exploration of solutions upfront in assessment projects. The case study concerns the sustainable management of slightly contaminated sediments continuously formed in ditches in rural, agricultural areas. This problem is wicked, as disposal of contaminated sediment on adjacent land is potentially hazardous to humans, ecosystems and agricultural products. Non-removal would however reduce drainage capacity followed by increased risks of flooding, while contaminated sediment removal followed by offsite treatment implies high budget costs and soil subsidence. Application of the steps in the SfSA-framework served in solving this problem. Important elements were early exploration of a wide 'solution-space', stakeholder involvement from the onset of the assessment, clear agreements on the risk and sustainability metrics of the problem and on the interpretation and decision procedures, and adaptive management. Application of the key elements of the SfSA approach eventually resulted in adoption of a novel sediment management policy. The stakeholder participation and the intensive communication throughout the project resulted in broad support for both the scientific approaches and results, as well as for policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C Zijp
- Department of Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen (RUN), , P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Department of Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Arjen Wintersen
- Department of Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Devilee
- Department of Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank A Swartjes
- Department of Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Farag AM, Hull RN, Clements WH, Glomb S, Larson DL, Stahl R, Stauber J. Restoration of impaired ecosystems: An ounce of prevention or a pound of cure? Introduction, overview, and key messages from a SETAC-SER workshop. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016; 12:247-252. [PMID: 26414121 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A workshop on Restoration of Impaired Ecosystems was held in Jackson, Wyoming, in June 2014. Experts from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States in ecotoxicology, restoration, and related fields from both the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and the Society for Ecological Restoration convened to advance the practice of restoring ecosystems that have been contaminated or impaired from industrial activities. The overall goal of this workshop was to provide a forum for ecotoxicologists and restoration ecologists to define the best scientific practices to achieve ecological restoration while addressing contaminant concerns. To meet this goal, participants addressed 5 areas: 1) links between ecological risk assessment and ecological restoration, 2) restoration goals, 3) restoration design, 4) monitoring for restoration effectiveness and 5) recognizing opportunities and challenges. Definitions are provided to establish a common language across the varied disciplines. The current practice for addressing restoration of impaired ecosystems tends to be done sequentially to remediate contaminants, then to restore ecological structure and function. A better approach would anticipate or plan for restoration throughout the process. By bringing goals to the forefront, we may avoid intrusive remediation activities that close off options for the desired restoration. Participants realized that perceived limitations in the site assessment process hinder consideration of restoration goals; contaminant presence will influence restoration goal choices; social, economic, and cultural concerns can factor into goal setting; restoration options and design should be considered early during site assessment and management; restoration of both structure and function is encouraged; creative solutions can overcome limitations; a regional focus is imperative; monitoring must occur throughout the restoration process; and reciprocal transfer of knowledge is needed among theorists, practitioners, and stakeholders and among varied disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth N Hull
- Intrinsik Environmental Sciences, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Jenny Stauber
- CSIRO Land Water, Kirrawee, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Fernández-Gil A, Naves J, Ordiz A, Quevedo M, Revilla E, Delibes M. Conflict Misleads Large Carnivore Management and Conservation: Brown Bears and Wolves in Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151541. [PMID: 26974962 PMCID: PMC4790950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large carnivores inhabiting human-dominated landscapes often interact with people and their properties, leading to conflict scenarios that can mislead carnivore management and, ultimately, jeopardize conservation. In northwest Spain, brown bears Ursus arctos are strictly protected, whereas sympatric wolves Canis lupus are subject to lethal control. We explored ecological, economic and societal components of conflict scenarios involving large carnivores and damages to human properties. We analyzed the relation between complaints of depredations by bears and wolves on beehives and livestock, respectively, and bear and wolf abundance, livestock heads, number of culled wolves, amount of paid compensations, and media coverage. We also evaluated the efficiency of wolf culling to reduce depredations on livestock. Bear damages to beehives correlated positively to the number of female bears with cubs of the year. Complaints of wolf predation on livestock were unrelated to livestock numbers; instead, they correlated positively to the number of wild ungulates harvested during the previous season, the number of wolf packs, and to wolves culled during the previous season. Compensations for wolf complaints were fivefold higher than for bears, but media coverage of wolf damages was thirtyfold higher. Media coverage of wolf damages was unrelated to the actual costs of wolf damages, but the amount of news correlated positively to wolf culling. However, wolf culling was followed by an increase in compensated damages. Our results show that culling of the wolf population failed in its goal of reducing damages, and suggest that management decisions are at least partly mediated by press coverage. We suggest that our results provide insight to similar scenarios, where several species of large carnivores share the landscape with humans, and management may be reactive to perceived conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Gil
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Javier Naves
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Ordiz
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Mario Quevedo
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas / UMIB, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eloy Revilla
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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Votsi NEP, Zomeni MS, Pantis JD. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Natura 2000 Network for Wolf Conservation: A Case-Study in Greece. Environ Manage 2016; 57:257-270. [PMID: 26411554 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The wolf (Canis lupus) is used as a case study to rate Natura 2000 sites in Greece based on preferred wolf habitat characteristics and test whether the network is suitable for their conservation. Road density, agricultural area, site area, connectivity, food availability (i.e., presence of natural prey), and elevation in 237 sites are combined in a logistic regression model. The occurrence of the wolf's natural prey was the most prevalent factor determining wolf presence, followed by agricultural cover. Considering the current status of these features at N2K site level, most sites currently hosting wolves (85.7%) have good or excellent prospects for the long-term presence of the wolf. On the contrary, 11 sites which now have wolves are predicted to be ineffective in keeping them in the future due to the absence of wild ungulates and their high agricultural coverage. Four sites with no wolf presence currently have excellent prospects to host wolves in the future. Roadless sites are a priority for protection and retaining their current condition is strongly suggested. The proposed approach aims to detect gaps in protection for the wolf and identify priority sites in need of mitigation actions. It can also assist the assessment of conservation policies in Greece and elsewhere toward accomplishing set goals in protected areas. By focusing on wolf protection, we hope to increase agencies' attention to deal with conservation effectiveness, especially in cases like Greece, where a number of sites are insufficiently known and protected and management measures are not properly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefta-Eleftheria P Votsi
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria S Zomeni
- Environmental Conservation and Management Programme, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 33, 1st Floor, Latsia, 2220, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - J D Pantis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Specht A, Guru S, Houghton L, Keniger L, Driver P, Ritchie EG, Lai K, Treloar A. Data management challenges in analysis and synthesis in the ecosystem sciences. Sci Total Environ 2015; 534:144-158. [PMID: 25891686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Open-data has created an unprecedented opportunity with new challenges for ecosystem scientists. Skills in data management are essential to acquire, manage, publish, access and re-use data. These skills span many disciplines and require trans-disciplinary collaboration. Science synthesis centres support analysis and synthesis through collaborative 'Working Groups' where domain specialists work together to synthesise existing information to provide insight into critical problems. The Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (ACEAS) served a wide range of stakeholders, from scientists to policy-makers to managers. This paper investigates the level of sophistication in data management in the ecosystem science community through the lens of the ACEAS experience, and identifies the important factors required to enable us to benefit from this new data-world and produce innovative science. ACEAS promoted the analysis and synthesis of data to solve transdisciplinary questions, and promoted the publication of the synthesised data. To do so, it provided support in many of the key skillsets required. Analysis and synthesis in multi-disciplinary and multi-organisational teams, and publishing data were new for most. Data were difficult to discover and access, and to make ready for analysis, largely due to lack of metadata. Data use and publication were hampered by concerns about data ownership and a desire for data citation. A web portal was created to visualise geospatial datasets to maximise data interpretation. By the end of the experience there was a significant increase in appreciation of the importance of a Data Management Plan. It is extremely doubtful that the work would have occurred or data delivered without the support of the Synthesis centre, as few of the participants had the necessary networks or skills. It is argued that participation in the Centre provided an important learning opportunity, and has resulted in improved knowledge and understanding of good data management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Specht
- Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a facility of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - S Guru
- Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a facility of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, Australia; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - L Houghton
- Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a facility of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - L Keniger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - P Driver
- Office of Water, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - E G Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Lai
- Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a facility of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - A Treloar
- Australian National Data Service, Monash University, Australia
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Palmer Fry B, Agarwala M, Atkinson G, Clements T, Homewood K, Mourato S, Rowcliffe J, Wallace G, Milner-gulland E. Monitoring local well-being in environmental interventions: a consideration of practical trade-offs. ORYX 2017; 51:68-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s003060531500112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWithin the field of environmental management and conservation, the concept of well-being is starting to gain traction in monitoring the socio-economic and cultural impact of interventions on local people. Here we consider the practical trade-offs policy makers and practitioners must navigate when utilizing the concept of well-being in environmental interventions. We first review current concepts of well-being before considering the need to balance the complexity and practical applicability of the definition used and to consider both positive and negative components of well-being. A key determinant of how well-being is operationalized is the identity of the organization wishing to monitor it. We describe the trade-offs around the external and internal validity of different approaches to measuring well-being and the relative contributions of qualitative and quantitative information to understanding well-being. We explore how these trade-offs may be decided as a result of a power struggle between stakeholders. Well-being is a complex, multi-dimensional, dynamic concept that cannot be easily defined and measured. Local perspectives are often missed during the project design process as a result of the more powerful voices of national governments and international NGOs, so for equity and local relevance it is important to ensure these perspectives are represented at a high level in project design and implementation.
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Lehtomäki J, Tuominen S, Toivonen T, Leinonen A. What Data to Use for Forest Conservation Planning? A Comparison of Coarse Open and Detailed Proprietary Forest Inventory Data in Finland. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135926. [PMID: 26317227 PMCID: PMC4552654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The boreal region is facing intensifying resource extraction pressure, but the lack of comprehensive biodiversity data makes operative forest conservation planning difficult. Many countries have implemented forest inventory schemes and are making extensive and up-to-date forest databases increasingly available. Some of the more detailed inventory databases, however, remain proprietary and unavailable for conservation planning. Here, we investigate how well different open and proprietary forest inventory data sets suit the purpose of conservation prioritization in Finland. We also explore how much priorities are affected by using the less accurate but open data. First, we construct a set of indices for forest conservation value based on quantitative information commonly found in forest inventories. These include the maturity of the trees, tree species composition, and site fertility. Secondly, using these data and accounting for connectivity between forest types, we investigate the patterns in conservation priority. For prioritization, we use Zonation, a method and software for spatial conservation prioritization. We then validate the prioritizations by comparing them to known areas of high conservation value. We show that the overall priority patterns are relatively consistent across different data sources and analysis options. However, the coarse data cannot be used to accurately identify the high-priority areas as it misses much of the fine-scale variation in forest structures. We conclude that, while inventory data collected for forestry purposes may be useful for forest conservation purposes, it needs to be detailed enough to be able to account for more fine-scaled features of high conservation value. These results underline the importance of making detailed inventory data publicly available. Finally, we discuss how the prioritization methodology we used could be integrated into operative forest management, especially in countries in the boreal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Lehtomäki
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Tuuli Toivonen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Leinonen
- Finnish Forest Centre (Suomen Metsäkeskus), Kajaani, Finland
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White RL, Sutton AE, Salguero-Gómez R, Bray TC, Campbell H, Cieraad E, Geekiyanage N, Gherardi L, Hughes AC, Jørgensen PS, Poisot T, DeSoto L, Zimmerman N. The next generation ofaction ecology: novel approaches towards global ecological research. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00485.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Clavero M, Nores C, Kubersky-Piredda S, Centeno-Cuadros A. Interdisciplinarity to reconstruct historical introductions: solving the status of cryptogenic crayfish. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1036-1049. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Clavero
- Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC; Américo Vespucio s.n. 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Nores
- Indurot, Universidad de Oviedo; Campus de Mieres 3006 Mieres Asturias, Spain
| | - Susanne Kubersky-Piredda
- Minerva Research Group; Bibliotheca Hertziana, Max Planck Institute for Art History; Via Gregoriana 28 I-00187 Rome Italy
| | - Alejandro Centeno-Cuadros
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemical Engineering; University Pablo de Olavide; Carretera de Utrera km 1 41013 Seville Spain
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Popescu VD, Rozylowicz L, Niculae IM, Cucu AL, Hartel T. Species, habitats, society: an evaluation of research supporting EU's Natura 2000 network. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113648. [PMID: 25415188 PMCID: PMC4240592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Natura 2000 network is regarded as one of the conservation success stories in the global effort to protect biodiversity. However, significant challenges remain in Natura 2000 implementation, owing to its rapid expansion, and lack of a coherent vision for its future. Scientific research is critical for identifying conservation priorities, setting management goals, and reconciling biodiversity protection and society in the complex political European landscape. Thus, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive evaluation of published Natura 2000 research to highlight prevalent research themes, disciplinary approaches, and spatial entities. We conducted a systematic review of 572 scientific articles and conference proceedings focused on Natura 2000 research, published between 1996 and 2014. We grouped these articles into ‘ecological’ and ‘social and policy’ categories. Using a novel application of network analysis of article keywords, we found that Natura 2000 research forms a cohesive small-world network, owing to the emphasis on ecological research (79% of studies, with a strong focus on spatial conservation planning), and the underrepresentation of studies addressing ‘social and policy’ issues (typically focused on environmental impact assessment, multi-level governance, agri-environment policy, and ecosystem services valuation). ‘Ecological’ and ‘social and policy’ research shared only general concepts (e.g., Natura 2000, Habitats Directive) suggesting a disconnection between these disciplines. The UK and the Mediterranean basin countries dominated Natura 2000 research, and there was a weak correlation between number of studies and proportion of national territory protected. Approximately 40% of ‘social and policy’ research and 26% of ‘ecological’ studies highlighted negative implications of Natura 2000, while 21% of studies found positive social and biodiversity effects. We emphasize the need for designing inter- and transdisciplinary research in order to promote a social-ecological understanding of Natura 2000, and advance EU conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel D. Popescu
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurentiu Rozylowicz
- Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian M. Niculae
- Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina L. Cucu
- Centre for Environmental Research (CCMESI), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tibor Hartel
- Department of Environmental Studies, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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St. John FAV, Keane AM, Jones JPG, Milner‐Gulland EJ. FORUM: Robust study design is as important on the social as it is on the ecological side of applied ecological research. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freya A. V. St. John
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology University of Kent Canterbury Kent CT2 7NR UK
| | - Aidan M. Keane
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
| | - Julia P. G. Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography Bangor University Deiniol Road Bangor LL57 2UW UK
| | - E. J. Milner‐Gulland
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY UK
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46
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Black SA, Copsey JA. Purpose, process, knowledge, and dignity in interdisciplinary projects. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1139-1141. [PMID: 25065464 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Black
- Department of Human Resources, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT27NZ, United Kingdom; Durrell Conservation Academy, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey, JE3 5BP, Channel Islands
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