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Hoshika Y, Moura BB, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H, Paoletti E. An assessment of ozone risk for date palm suggests that phytotoxic ozone dose nonlinearly affects carbon gain. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123143. [PMID: 38097156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a significant phytotoxic air pollutant that has a negative impact on plant carbon gain. Although date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a globally important crop in arid or semi-arid regions, so far O3 risk assessment for this species has not been reported. This study estimated leaf- and plant-level photosynthetic CO2 uptake for understanding how elevated levels of O3 affects date palm biomass growth. Ozone risks to date palm plants were assessed based on exposure- (AOT40) or flux-based indices (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose, PODy, where y is a threshold of uptake). For this purpose, plants were exposed to three levels of O3 [ambient air, AA (45 ppb as daily average); 1.5 × AA; 2.0 × AA] for 92 days in an O3 Free-Air Controlled Exposure facility. According to the model simulations, the negative effects of O3 on plant-level net photosynthetic CO2 uptake were attributed to reduced gross photosynthetic carbon gain and increased respiratory carbon loss. Season-long O3 exposure and elevated temperatures promoted the negative O3 effect because of a further increase of respiratory carbon loss, which was caused by increased leaf temperature due to stomatal closure. POD1 nonlinearly affected the photosynthetic CO2 uptake, which was closely related to the variation of dry mass increment during the experiment. Although the dose-response relationship suggested that a low O3 dose (POD1 < 5.2 mmol m-2) may even positively affect photosynthetic CO2 uptake in date palms, stomatal O3 uptake at the current ambient O3 levels has potentially a negative impact on date palm growth. The results indicate 5.8 mmol m-2 POD1 or 21.1 ppm h AOT40 as critical levels corresponding to a 4% reduction of net CO2 uptake for date palm, suggesting that this species can be identified as a species moderately sensitive to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy.
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyad, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chair of Tree Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sede Secondaria di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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2
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Agathokleous E, Frei M, Knopf OM, Muller O, Xu Y, Nguyen TH, Gaiser T, Liu X, Liu B, Saitanis CJ, Shang B, Alam MS, Feng Y, Ewert F, Feng Z. Adapting crop production to climate change and air pollution at different scales. Nat Food 2023; 4:854-865. [PMID: 37845546 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are tightly interconnected and jointly affect field crop production and agroecosystem health. Although our understanding of the individual and combined impacts of air pollution and climate change factors is improving, the adaptation of crop production to concurrent air pollution and climate change remains challenging to resolve. Here we evaluate recent advances in the adaptation of crop production to climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales. The main approaches at the plant level include the integration of genetic variation, molecular breeding and phenotyping. Field-level techniques include optimizing cultivation practices, promoting mixed cropping and diversification, and applying technologies such as antiozonants, nanotechnology and robot-assisted farming. Plant- and field-level techniques would be further facilitated by enhancing soil resilience, incorporating precision agriculture and modifying the hydrology and microclimate of agricultural landscapes at the ecosystem level. Strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Frei
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver M Knopf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Onno Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience 2: plant sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yansen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bo Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahedul Alam
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Shahzadi E, Nawaz M, Iqbal N, Ali B, Adnan M, Saleem MH, Okla MK, Abbas ZK, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Marc RA. Silicic and Ascorbic Acid Induced Modulations in Photosynthetic, Mineral Uptake, and Yield Attributes of Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under Ozone Stress. ACS Omega 2023; 8:13971-13981. [PMID: 37091383 PMCID: PMC10116534 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the world's crop production and plant growth are anticipated to be seriously threatened by the increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) levels. The current study demonstrates how different mung bean genotypes reacted to the elevated level of O3 in the presence of exogenous ascorbic and silicic acid treatments. It is the first report to outline the potential protective effects of ascorbic and silicic acid applications against O3 toxicity in 12 mung bean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilken} varieties. Under controlled circumstances, the present investigation was conducted in a glass house. There were four different treatments used: control (ambient O3 concentration of 40-45 ppb), elevated O3 (120 ppb), elevated O3 with silicic acid (0.1 mM), and elevated O3 with ascorbic acid (10 mM). Three varieties, viz. NM 20-21, NM 2006, and NM 2016, showcased tolerance to O3 toxicity. Our findings showed that ascorbic and silicic acid applications gradually increased yield characteristics such as seed yield, harvest index, days to maturity, and characteristics related to gas exchange such as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic activity, and water-use efficiency. Compared to the control, applying both growth regulators enhanced the mineral uptake across all treatments. Based on the findings of the current study, it is concluded that the subject mung bean genotypes responded to silicic acid treatment more efficiently than ascorbic acid to mitigate the harmful effects of O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eram Shahzadi
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- School
of Environment and Natural Resources, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1132, United States
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office
of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khorshid Abbas
- Biology
Department,
College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology
Department, University College of Taymma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology
Department, University College of Taymma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food
Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănă̧stur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
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4
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Rauschendorfer J, Rooney R, Külheim C. Strategies to mitigate shifts in red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) distribution under a changing climate. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2383-2400. [PMID: 35867476 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Red oaks (Quercus sect. Lobatae) are a taxonomic group of hardwood trees, which occur in swamp forests, subtropical chaparral and savannahs from Columbia to Canada. They cover a wide range of ecological niches, and many species are thought to be able to cope with current trends in climate change. Genus Quercus encompasses ca. 500 species, of which ca. 80 make up sect. Lobatae. Species diversity is greatest within the southeastern USA and within the northern and eastern regions of Mexico. This review discusses the weak reproductive barriers between species of red oaks and the effects this has on speciation and niche range. Distribution and diversity have been shaped by drought adaptations common to the species of sect. Lobatae, which enable them to fill various xeric niches across the continent. Drought adaptive traits of this taxonomic group include deciduousness, deep tap roots, ring-porous xylem, regenerative stump sprouting, greater leaf thickness and smaller stomata. The complex interplay between these anatomical and morphological traits has given red oaks features of drought tolerance and avoidance. Here, we discuss physiological and genetic components of these adaptations to address how many species of sect. Lobatae reside within xeric sites and/or sustain normal metabolic function during drought. Although extensive drought adaptation appears to give sect. Lobatae a resilience to climate change, aging tree stands, oak life history traits and the current genetic structures place many red oak species at risk. Furthermore, oak decline, a complex interaction between abiotic and biotic agents, has severe effects on red oaks and is likely to accelerate species decline and fragmentation. We suggest that assisted migration can be used to avoid species fragmentation and increase climate change resilience of sect. Lobatae.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rauschendorfer
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rebecca Rooney
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Carsten Külheim
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Chen J, Liu Z, Zhou P. Anomalies in precipitation rather than temperature as the dominant driver of drought stress on vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022; 40:e02311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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6
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Conte A, Zappitelli I, Fusaro L, Alivernini A, Moretti V, Sorgi T, Recanatesi F, Fares S. Significant Loss of Ecosystem Services by Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Coastal Area. Forests 2022; 13:689. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal areas are among the most threated forest ecosystems in the northern hemisphere due to concurrent biotic and abiotic stresses. These may affect plants functionality and, consequently, their capacity to provide ecosystem services. In this study, we integrated ground-level and satellite-level measurements to estimate the capacity of a 46.3 km2 Estate to sequestrate air pollutants from the atmosphere, transported to the study site from the city of Rome. By means of a multi-layer canopy model, we also evaluated forest capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services. Due to a significant loss in forest cover, estimated by satellite data as −6.8% between 2014 and 2020, we found that the carbon sink capacity decreased by 34% during the considered period. Furthermore, pollutant deposition on tree crowns has reduced by 39%, 46% and 35% for PM, NO2 and O3, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of developing an integrated approach combining ground measurements, modelling and satellite data to link air quality and plant functionality as key elements to improve the effectiveness of estimate of ecosystem services.
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7
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Wang Y, Wild O, Ashworth K, Chen X, Wu Q, Qi Y, Wang Z. Reductions in crop yields across China from elevated ozone. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118218. [PMID: 34571069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of crops to high concentrations of ozone can cause substantial reductions in yield that pose a serious threat to global food security. Here we provide comprehensive estimates of yield losses for key crops across China between 2014 and 2017 attributed to ozone using a number of new approaches. We use an air quality model at 5 km resolution and crop-specific dose-response functions developed for both concentration- and flux-based metrics. We bias correct modelled ozone concentrations and metrics using observations from more than 1000 locations. We find that on a 4-year average basis, production losses of key crops are 34-91 million metric tonnes (Mt/yr), dependent on the approach used, with highest losses in Henan province. At a national level, loss of winter wheat production derived using a China-specific dose-response function increased by 82% from 2014 to 2017, with large interannual variations in the North China Plain and in eastern China. Winter wheat losses estimated using flux-based functions, which require robust simulation of stomatal conductance and underlying vegetation physiology, are significantly lower, at 30 Mt/yr. We show that the definition of the growing season may have a greater impact on estimated losses than small biases in ozone surface concentrations. Although uncertainties remain, our findings demonstrate that increasing ozone concentrations have substantial adverse impacts on crop yields and threaten food security in China. It is important to control ozone concentrations to mitigate these negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsti Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Xueshun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qizhong Wu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Qi
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Centre for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Eghdami H, Werner W, Büker P, Sicard P. Assessment of ozone risk to Central European forests: Time series indicates perennial exceedance of ozone critical levels. Environ Res 2022; 203:111798. [PMID: 34333015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the stomatal ozone (O3) fluxes were investigated at five low-elevation forest sites in Western Germany (Rhineland Palatinate) over the time period 1998-2019. The Phytotoxic Ozone Dose with an hourly threshold of uptake (Y), to represent the detoxification capacity of trees (POD1 in mmol m-2 per leaf area, with Y = 1 nmol O3 m-2 s-1), and the number of exceedances of the O3 critical level of 5.2 mmol O3 m-2 per leaf area for European beech and 9.2 mmol O3 m-2 per leaf area for Norway spruce were calculated by using the DO3SE model. A Principal Component Analysis revealed strong correlations between daily O3 concentrations, daytime O3 (for hours with global radiation exceeding 50 W m-2), POD1, global radiation, vapor pressure deficit and air temperature. Moreover, a significant correlation was obtained between POD1 and soil water content (SWC) at all sites (r = 0.51-0.74). The Random Forests Analysis confirmed that the SWC is the most important predictor of stomatal O3 fluxes. The soil water supply is very important for POD1 estimation, because drought decreases stomatal conductance, leading to a reduction of transpiration, as well as to lower O3 uptake through stomata. Between 1998 and 2019, the drier and warmer climate induced a soil drought (on average, SWC - 0.15 % per year) leading to lower stomatal O3 uptake by forests (- 0.36 mmol O3 m-2 per year). Hence, during growing seasons with sufficient water supply and often lower O3 levels compared to hot and dry periods, forests are at higher O3 risk than during hot and dry periods when the drought stress is more significant than O3 stress despite relatively higher O3 levels. Irrespective of these differences in O3 uptake between relatively cool and humid as compared to relatively hot and dry years in the study region, the Critical Level for O3 was exceeded in late spring/early summer (May/June) during all 22 years. Risk assessment for the protection of European forests, which is urgently needed due to the forests current critical state after several successive years of drought and exceedance of the O3 critical level in large areas of Europe, should therefore become flux-based to account for the inter-twined effects of drought and O3 on the physiology and health of forest trees in the region. For stomatal O3 fluxes estimation, a better soil water and leaf parameterization is needed e.g., by taking into account both O3- and drought-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Eghdami
- Department of Geobotany, University of Trier, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Willy Werner
- Department of Geobotany, University of Trier, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Patrick Büker
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
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Perring MP, Bullock JM, Alison J, Holder AJ, Hayes F. O
ut of sight,
O
ut of mind – but not
O
ut of scope. The need to consider ozone in restoration science, policy and practice. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Perring
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode BELGIUM
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology (ERIE) Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 AUSTRALIA
| | - James M. Bullock
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jamie Alison
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amanda J. Holder
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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Agyei T, Juráň S, Edwards-jonášová M, Fischer M, Švik M, Komínková K, Ofori-amanfo KK, Marek MV, Grace J, Urban O. The Influence of Ozone on Net Ecosystem Production of a Ryegrass–Clover Mixture under Field Conditions. Atmosphere 2021; 12:1629. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the effect of phytotoxic tropospheric ozone (O3) on terrestrial vegetation, we quantified the impact of current O3 concentration ([O3]) on net ecosystem production (NEP) when compared to the conditions of the pre-industrial era. We compared and tested linear mixed-effects models based on [O3] and stomatal O3 flux (Fsto). The managed ryegrass–clover (Lolium perenne and Trifolium pratense) mixture was grown on arable land in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Values of [O3] and Fsto were measured and calculated based on resistance analogy, respectively, while NEP was calculated from eddy covariance CO2 fluxes. We found the Fsto-based model more precise when compared to measured NEP. High Fsto was found even at low [O3], while broad summer maximum of [O3] was not necessarily followed by significant NEP decline, due to low soil water content leading to a low stomatal conductivity and Fsto. Comparing to low pre-industrial O3 conditions, current levels of O3 resulted in the reduction of cumulative NEP over the entire growing season, up to 29.7 and 13.5% when the [O3]-based and Fsto-based model was applied, respectively. During the growing season, an O3-induced reduction of NEP ranged between 13.1% in May and 26.2% in July when compared to pre-industrial Fsto levels. Looking to the future, high [O3] and Fsto may lead to the reduction of current NEP by approximately 13.3% on average during the growing season, but may increase by up to 61–86.6% in autumn, indicating further O3-induced acceleration of the senescence. These findings indicate the importance of Fsto and its inclusion into the models estimating O3 effects on terrestrial vegetation. The interaction between environmental factors and stomatal conductance is therefore discussed in detail.
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11
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Cernusak LA, Farha MN, Cheesman AW. Understanding how ozone impacts plant water-use efficiency. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:2229-2233. [PMID: 34569610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh 6204
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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12
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Pellegrini E, Cotrozzi L, Neri L, Baraldi R, Carrari E, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y. Stress markers and physiochemical responses of the Mediterranean shrub Phillyrea angustifolia under current and future drought and ozone scenarios. Environ Res 2021; 201:111615. [PMID: 34216612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean plants are particularly threatened by the exacerbation of prolonged periods of summer drought and increasing concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3). The aims of the present study were to (i) test if selected markers (i.e., reactive oxygen species, ROS; malondialdehyde, MDA; photosynthetic pigments) are able to discriminate the oxidative pressure due to single and combined stress conditions, and (ii) elucidate the physiochemical adjustments adopted by Phillyrea angustifolia (evergreen woody species representative of the maquis, also known as narrow-leaved mock privet) to perceive and counter to drought and/or O3. Plants were grown from May to October under the combination of two levels of water irrigation [i.e., well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS)] and three levels of O3 [i.e., 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient air concentrations, i.e. AA (current O3 scenario), 1.5 × AA and 2.0 × AA (future O3 scenarios), respectively], using a new-generation O3 Free Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) system. Overall, this species appeared relatively sensitive to drought (e.g., net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance significantly decreased, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents), and tolerant to O3 (e.g., as confirmed by the absence of visible foliar injury, the unchanged values of total carotenoids, and the detrimental effects on stomatal conductance, total chlorophylls and terpene emission only under elevated O3 concentrations). The combination of both stressors led to harsher oxidative stress. Only when evaluated together (i.e., combining the information provided by the analysis of each stress marker), ROS, MDA and photosynthetic pigments, were suitable stress markers to discriminate the differential oxidative stress induced by drought and increasing O3 concentrations applied singly or in combination: (i) all these stress markers were affected under drought per se; (ii) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA increased under O3per se, following the gradient of O3 concentrations (H2O2: about 2- and 4-fold higher; MDA: +22 and + 91%; in 1.5 × AA_WW and 2.0 × AA_WW, respectively); (iii) joining together the ROS it was possible to report harsher effects under 2.0 × AA_WS and 1.5 × AA_WS (both anion superoxide and H2O2 increased) than under 2.0 × AA_WW (only H2O2 increased); and (iv) MDA showed harsher effects under 2.0 × AA_WS than under 1.5 × AA_WS (increased by 49 and 18%, respectively). Plants activated physiological and biochemical adjustments in order to partially avoid (e.g., stomatal closure) and tolerate (e.g., increased terpene emission) the effects of drought when combined with increasing O3 concentrations, suggesting that the water use strategy (isohydric) and the sclerophyllous habit can further increase the plant tolerance to environmental constraints in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luisa Neri
- Institute of BioEconomy, IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Institute of BioEconomy, IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Kask K, Kaurilind E, Talts E, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Combined Acute Ozone and Water Stress Alters the Quantitative Relationships between O 3 Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Volatile Emissions in Brassica nigra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113114. [PMID: 34070994 PMCID: PMC8197083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) entry into plant leaves depends on atmospheric O3 concentration, exposure time and openness of stomata. O3 negatively impacts photosynthesis rate (A) and might induce the release of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can quench O3, and thereby partly ameliorate O3 stress. Water stress reduces stomatal conductance (gs) and O3 uptake and can affect VOC release and O3 quenching by VOC, but the interactive effects of O3 exposure and water stress, as possibly mediated by VOC, are poorly understood. Well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) Brassica nigra plants were exposed to 250 and 550 ppb O3 for 1 h, and O3 uptake rates, photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions were measured through 22 h recovery. The highest O3 uptake was observed in WW plants exposed to 550 ppb O3 with the greatest reduction and poorest recovery of gs and A, and elicitation of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles 10 min-1.5 h after exposure indicating cellular damage. Ozone uptake was similar in 250 ppb WW and 550 ppb WS plants and, in both treatments, O3-dependent reduction in photosynthetic characteristics was moderate and fully reversible, and VOC emissions were little affected. Water stress alone did not affect the total amount and composition of VOC emissions. The results indicate that drought ameliorated O3 stress by reducing O3 uptake through stomatal closure and the two stresses operated in an antagonistic manner in B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Abstract
Tropospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O3) have undergone a great increase from preindustrial 10–15 ppbv to a present-day concentration of 35–40 ppbv in large parts of the industrialised world due to increased emissions of O3 precursors including NOx, CO, CH4 and volatile organic compounds. The rate of increase in O3 concentration ranges between 1 ppbv per decade in remote locations of the Southern hemisphere and 5 ppbv per decade in the Northern hemisphere, where largest sources of O3 precursors are located. Molecules of O3 penetrating into the leaves through the stomatal apertures trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading thus to the damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. Accordingly, it is assumed, that O3 increase reduces the terrestrial carbon uptake relative to the preindustrial era. Here we summarise the results of previous manipulative experiments in laboratory growth cabinets, field open-top chambers and free-air systems together with O3 flux measurements under natural growth conditions. In particular, we focus on leaf-level physiological responses in trees, variability in stomatal O3 flux and changes in carbon fluxes and biomass production in forest stands. As the results reported in the literature are highly variable, ranging from negligible to severe declines in photosynthetic carbon uptake, we also discuss the possible interactions of O3 with other environmental factors including solar radiation, drought, temperature and nitrogen deposition. Those factors were found to have great potential to modulate stomata openness and O3 fluxes.
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