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Alegbeleye O, Sant'Ana AS. Survival behavior of six enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in soil and biochar-amended soils. Environ Res 2023; 223:115443. [PMID: 36781014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Some Escherichia coli serotypes are important human pathogens causing diarrhea or in some cases, life threatening diseases. E. coli is also a typical indicator microorganism, routinely used for assessing the microbiological quality of water especially to indicate fecal contamination. The soil is a sink and route of transmission to water and food resources and it is thus important to understand the survival of enterotoxigenic E. coli strains in soil. This study monitored the survival of six E. coli strains in sandy and loam soil. Furthermore, since biochar is a commonly used soil conditioner, the study investigated the impact of biochar amendment (15%) on the survival of the E. coli strains in (biochar-amended) sandy and loam soils. Addition of biochar affected the physicochemical properties of both soils, altering potassium levels, calcium, magnesium, sodium as well as levels of other metal ions. It increased the organic matter of loam soil from 44 g/dm3 to 52 g/dm3, and increased the pH of both sandy and loam soils. Survival and persistence of the E. coli strains generally varied according to soil type, with strains generally surviving better (P ≤ 0.05) in loam soil compared to in sandy soil. In loam soil and biochar amended loam soils, E. coli strains remained culturable until the 150th day with counts ranging between 3.00 and 5.94 ± 0.04 log CFU/g. The effects of biochar on the physicochemical properties of soil and the response of the E. coli strains to biochar amendment was variable depending on soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Alegbeleye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Piveteau P, Druilhe C, Aissani L. What on earth? The impact of digestates and composts from farm effluent management on fluxes of foodborne pathogens in agricultural lands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 840:156693. [PMID: 35700775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of biomass is the cornerstone of sustainable development in the bioeconomy. In this context, digestates and composts from processed agricultural residues and biomasses are returned to the soil. Whether or not the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in these processed biomasses is a threat to the sustainability of the current on-farm practices is still the subject of debate. In this review, we describe the microbial pathogens that may be present in digestates and composts. We then provide an overview of the current European regulation designed to mitigate health hazards linked to the use of organic fertilisers and soil improvers produced from farm biomasses and residues. Finally, we discuss the many factors that underlie the fate of microbial pathogens in the field. We argue that incorporating land characteristics in the management of safety issues connected with the spreading of organic fertilisers and soil improvers can improve the sustainability of biomass recycling.
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van Overbeek L, Duhamel M, Aanstoot S, van der Plas CL, Nijhuis E, Poleij L, Russ L, van der Zouwen P, Andreo-Jimenez B. Transmission of Escherichia coli from Manure to Root Zones of Field-Grown Lettuce and Leek Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2289. [PMID: 34835415 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are responsible for food-borne disease outbreaks upon consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. The aim of this study was to establish the transmission route of E. coli strain 0611, as proxy for human pathogenic E. coli, via manure, soil and plant root zones to the above-soil plant compartments. The ecological behavior of the introduced strain was established by making use of a combination of cultivation-based and molecular targeted and untargeted approaches. Strain 0611 CFUs and specific molecular targets were detected in the root zones of lettuce and leek plants, even up to 272 days after planting in the case of leek plants. However, no strain 0611 colonies were detected in leek leaves, and only in one occasion a single colony was found in lettuce leaves. Therefore, it was concluded that transmission of E. coli via manure is not the principal contamination route to the edible parts of both plant species grown under field conditions in this study. Strain 0611 was shown to accumulate in root zones of both species and metagenomic reads of this strain were retrieved from the lettuce rhizosphere soil metagenome library at a level of Log 4.11 CFU per g dry soil.
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S. van Overbeek L, Lombaers-van der Plas C, van der Zouwen P. The Role of Pea ( Pisum sativum) Seeds in Transmission of Entero-Aggregative Escherichia coli to Growing Plants. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091271. [PMID: 32825568 PMCID: PMC7565074 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop plants can become contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria in agro-production systems. Some of the transmission routes of human pathogens to growing plants are well explored such as water, manure and soil, whereas others are less explored such as seeds. Fenugreek seeds contaminated with the entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 were suspected to be the principle vectors for transmission of the pathogen to sprouts at the food-borne disease outbreak in Hamburg and surrounding area in 2011. In this study we raised the questions of whether cells of the entero-aggregative E. coli O104:H4 strain 55989 is capable of colonizing developing plants from seeds and if it would be possible that, via plant internalization, these cells can reach the developing embryonic tissue of the next generation of seeds. To address these questions, we followed the fate of strain 55989 and of two other E. coli strains from artificially contaminated seeds to growing plants, and from developing flower tissue to mature seeds upon proximate introductions to the plant reproductive organs. Escherichia coli strains differing in origin, adherence properties to epithelial cells, and virulence profile were used in our experimentation to relate eventual differences in seed and plant colonization to typical E. coli properties. Experiments were conducted under realistic growth circumstances in greenhouse and open field settings. Entero-aggregative E. coli strain 55989 and the two other E. coli strains were able to colonize the root compartment of pea plants from inoculated seeds. In roots and rhizosphere soil, the strains could persist until the senescent stage of plant growth, when seeds had ripened. Colonization of the above-soil parts was only temporary at the start of plant growth for all three E. coli strains and, therefore, the conclusion was drawn that translocation of E. coli cells via the vascular tissue of the stems to developing pea seeds seems unlikely under circumstances realistic for agricultural practices. Proximate introductions of cells of E. coli strains to developing flowers also did not result in internal seed contamination, indicating that internal seed contamination with E. coli is an unlikely event. The fact that all three E. coli strains showed stronger preference for the root-soil zones of growing pea plants than for the above soil plant compartments, in spite of their differences in clinical behaviour and origin, indicate that E. coli in general will colonize root compartments of crop plants in production systems.
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Holmes A, Pritchard L, Hedley P, Morris J, McAteer SP, Gally DL, Holden NJ. A high-throughput genomic screen identifies a role for the plasmid-borne type II secretion system of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Sakai) in plant-microbe interactions. Genomics 2020; 112:4242-4253. [PMID: 32663607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is often transmitted into food via fresh produce plants, where it can cause disease. To identify early interaction factors for STEC on spinach, a high-throughput positive-selection system was used. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone library for isolate Sakai was screened in four successive rounds of short-term (2 h) interaction with spinach roots, and enriched loci identified by microarray. A Bayesian hierarchical model produced 115 CDS credible candidates, comprising seven contiguous genomic regions. Of the two candidate regions selected for functional assessment, the pO157 plasmid-encoded type two secretion system (T2SS) promoted interactions, while a chaperone-usher fimbrial gene cluster (loc6) did not. The T2SS promoted bacterial binding to spinach and appeared to involve the EtpD secretin protein. Furthermore, the T2SS genes, etpD and etpC, were expressed at a plant-relevant temperature of 18 °C, and etpD was expressed in planta by E. coli Sakai on spinach plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Holmes
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Leighton Pritchard
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.; Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Hedley
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sean P McAteer
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Edinburgh, R(D)SVS, The Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - David L Gally
- The Roslin Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Edinburgh, R(D)SVS, The Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicola J Holden
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.; SRUC, Northern Faculty, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, UK..
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van Overbeek LS, Wichers JH, van Amerongen A, van Roermund HJW, van der Zouwen P, Willemsen PTJ. Circulation of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Group B1 Strains Between Calve Stable Manure and Pasture Land With Grazing Heifers. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1355. [PMID: 32714297 PMCID: PMC7340143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains carrying Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eae), and hemolysin (ehxA) production genes were found in grass shoot, rhizosphere soil, and stable manure samples from a small-scale cattle farm located at the center of Netherlands, using cultivation-dependent and -independent microbiological detection techniques. Pasture land with grazing heifers in the first year of sampling in 2014 and without grazing cattle in 2015 was physically separated from the stable that housed rose calves during both years. Manure from the stable was applied to pasture via injection into soil once per year in early spring. Among a variety of 35 phylogenetic distinctly related E. coli strains, one large group consisting of 21 closely resembling E. coli O150:H2 (18), O98:H21 (2), and O84:H2 (1) strains, all belonging to phylogenetic group B1 and carrying all screened virulence traits, was found present on grass shoots (10), rhizosphere soil (3), and stable manure (8) in 2014, but not anymore in 2015 when grazing heifers were absent. Presence and absence of these strains, obtained via enrichments, were confirmed via molecular detection using PCR-NALFIA in all ecosystems in both years. We propose that this group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli phylogenetic group B1 strains was originally introduced via stable manure injection into the pasture. Upon grazing, these potential pathogens proliferated in the intestinal track systems of the heifers resulting in defecation with higher loads of the STEC strain onto the grass cover. The STEC strain was further smeared over the field via the hooves of the heifers resulting in augmentation of the potential pathogen in the pasture in 2014, whereas in 2015, in the absence of heifers, no augmentation occurred and only a more diverse group of potentially mild virulent E. coli phylogenetic group A and B1 strains, indigenous to pasture plants, remained present. Via this model, it was postulated that human pathogens can circulate between plants and farm animals, using the plant as an alternative ecosystem. These data indicate that grazed pasture must be considered as a potential carrier of human pathogenic E. coli strains and possibly also of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard S van Overbeek
- Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen Research (WR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H Wichers
- Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen Research (WR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Aart van Amerongen
- Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen Research (WR), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter T J Willemsen
- Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen Research (WR), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Alegbeleye OO, Singleton I, Sant'Ana AS. Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review. Food Microbiol 2018; 73:177-208. [PMID: 29526204 PMCID: PMC7127387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated fresh produce is a common phenomenon and has severe effects on human health together with severe economic and social impacts. The implications of foodborne diseases associated with fresh produce have urged research into the numerous ways and mechanisms through which pathogens may gain access to produce, thereby compromising microbiological safety. This review provides a background on the various sources and pathways through which pathogenic bacteria contaminate fresh produce; the survival and proliferation of pathogens on fresh produce while growing and potential methods to reduce microbial contamination before harvest. Some of the established bacterial contamination sources include contaminated manure, irrigation water, soil, livestock/ wildlife, and numerous factors influence the incidence, fate, transport, survival and proliferation of pathogens in the wide variety of sources where they are found. Once pathogenic bacteria have been introduced into the growing environment, they can colonize and persist on fresh produce using a variety of mechanisms. Overall, microbiological hazards are significant; therefore, ways to reduce sources of contamination and a deeper understanding of pathogen survival and growth on fresh produce in the field are required to reduce risk to human health and the associated economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Singleton
- School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang T, Hu S, Yang W. Variations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Purple Soils. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1246. [PMID: 29057845 PMCID: PMC5664747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-recognized cause of human illness. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in five purple soils from Sichuan Province was investigated. The dynamics of E. coli O157:H7 survival in purple soils were described by the Weibull model. Results showed that this model is suitable to fit survival curves of E. coli O157:H7 in purple soils, with the calculated td value (survival time needed to reach the detection limit of 100 CFU·g-1) ranging from 2.99 days to 26.36 days. The longest survival time of E. coli O157:H7 was observed in neutral purple soils (24.49 days), followed by alkalescent purple soil (18.62 days) and acid purple soil (3.48 days). The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that td values were significantly enhanced by soil nutrition (total organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK) and the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid (Ha/Fa)), but were significantly suppressed by iron and aluminum oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Suping Hu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Naganandhini S, Kennedy ZJ, Uyttendaele M, Balachandar D. Persistence of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Various Tropical Agricultural Soils of India. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130038. [PMID: 26101887 PMCID: PMC4477969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli (STEC) strains in the agricultural soil creates serious threat to human health through fresh vegetables growing on them. However, the survival of STEC strains in Indian tropical soils is not yet understood thoroughly. Additionally how the survival of STEC strain in soil diverges with non-pathogenic and genetically modified E. coli strains is also not yet assessed. Hence in the present study, the survival pattern of STEC strain (O157-TNAU) was compared with non-pathogenic (MTCC433) and genetically modified (DH5α) strains on different tropical agricultural soils and on a vegetable growing medium, cocopeat under controlled condition. The survival pattern clearly discriminated DH5α from MTCC433 and O157-TNAU, which had shorter life (40 days) than those compared (60 days). Similarly, among the soils assessed, the red laterite and tropical latosol supported longer survival of O157-TNAU and MTCC433 as compared to wetland and black cotton soils. In cocopeat, O157 recorded significantly longer survival than other two strains. The survival data were successfully analyzed using Double-Weibull model and the modeling parameters were correlated with soil physico-chemical and biological properties using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA of all the three strains revealed that pH, microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity and available N and P contents of the soil decided the survival of E. coli strains in those soils and cocopeat. The present research work suggests that the survival of O157 differs in tropical Indian soils due to varied physico-chemical and biological properties and the survival is much shorter than those reported in temperate soils. As the survival pattern of non-pathogenic strain, MTCC433 is similar to O157-TNAU in tropical soils, the former can be used as safe model organism for open field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naganandhini
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Z John Kennedy
- Post Harvest Technology Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - M Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
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Zhang T, Wang H, Wu L, Lou J, Wu J, Brookes PC, Xu J. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soils from Jiangsu Province, China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81178. [PMID: 24312534 PMCID: PMC3846838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is recognized as a hazardous microorganism in the environment and for public health. The E. coli O157:H7 survival dynamics were investigated in 12 representative soils from Jiangsu Province, where the largest E. coli O157:H7 infection in China occurred. It was observed that E. coli O157:H7 declined rapidly in acidic soils (pH, 4.57 – 5.14) but slowly in neutral soils (pH, 6.51 – 7.39). The survival dynamics were well described by the Weibull model, with the calculated td value (survival time of the culturable E. coli O157:H7 needed to reach the detection limit of 100 CFU g−1) from 4.57 days in an acidic soil (pH, 4.57) to 34.34 days in a neutral soil (pH, 6.77). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that soil pH and soil organic carbon favored E. coli O157:H7 survival, while a high initial ratio of Gram-negative bacteria phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to Gram-positive bacteria PLFAs, and high content of exchangeable potassium inhibited E. coli O157:H7 survival. Principal component analysis clearly showed that the survival profiles in soils with high pH were different from those with low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JX)
| | - Laosheng Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lou
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Philip C. Brookes
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (JX)
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Holden N, Wright F, MacKenzie K, Marshall J, Mitchell S, Mahajan A, Wheatley R, Daniell T. Prevalence and diversity of Escherichia coli
isolated from a barley trial supplemented with bulky organic soil amendments: green compost and bovine slurry. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:205-12. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.J. Holden
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - F. Wright
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland; BioSS Office; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - K. MacKenzie
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland; BioSS Office; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - J. Marshall
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - S. Mitchell
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - A. Mahajan
- The Roslin Institute; R(D)SVS; University of Edinburgh; Easter Bush Midlothian UK
| | - R. Wheatley
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie Dundee UK
| | - T.J. Daniell
- The James Hutton Institute; Invergowrie Dundee UK
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12
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Ongeng D, Muyanja C, Ryckeboer J, Geeraerd AH, Springael D. Rhizosphere effect on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in manure-amended soil during cabbage (Brassica oleracea) cultivation under tropical field conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 149:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Ongeng D, Muyanja C, Geeraerd AH, Springael D, Ryckeboer J. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in manure and manure-amended soil under tropical climatic conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 110:1007-22. [PMID: 21276146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in manure and manure-amended agricultural soils under tropical conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS AND RESULTS Survival of nonvirulent E. coli O157:H7 and Salm. Typhimurium at 4 and 7 log CFU g(-1) in manure and manure-amended soil maintained at ≥80% r.h. or exposed to exclusive field or screen house conditions was determined in the Central Agro-Ecological Zone of Uganda. Maintaining the matrices at high moisture level promoted the persistence of high-density inocula and enhanced the decline of low-density inocula in the screen house, but moisture condition did not affect survival in the field. The large majority of the survival kinetics displayed complex patterns corresponding to the Double Weibull model. The two enteric bacteria survived longer in manure-amended soil than in manure. The 7 log CFU g(-1) E. coli O157:H7 and Salm. Typhimurium survived for 49-84 and 63-98 days, while at 4 log CFU g(-1) , persistence was 21-28 and 35-42 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under tropical conditions, E. coli O157:H7 and Salm. Typhimurium persisted for 4 and 6 weeks at low inoculum density and for 12 and 14 weeks at high inoculum density, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Persistence in the tropics was (i) mostly shorter than previously observed in temperate regions thus suggesting that biophysical conditions in the tropics might be more detrimental to enteric bacteria than in temperate environments; (ii) inconsistent with published data isothermally determined previously hence indicating the irrelevance of single point isothermal data to estimate survival under dynamic temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Food Science and Technology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nautiyal CS, Rehman A, Chauhan PS. Environmental Escherichia coli occur as natural plant growth-promoting soil bacterium. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:185-93. [PMID: 20084366 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Currently, it is presumed that Escherichia coli is not a normal inhabitant of the soil. Soilborne E. coli strains were isolated from broad range of 7 geoclimatic zones of India, indicating that E. coli can survive and thrive under different extreme soil conditions. Diversity among E. coli strains from widely separated geographic regions using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR did not reveal any relationships between the genotypes and the source of isolation. Inoculation of maize (Zea mays cv. Arkil) seeds with E. coli NBRIAR3 (NBRIAR3) significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) plant growth and nutrient uptake, when compared with uninoculated control. Presence or absence of NBRIAR3 did not affect significantly (P < 0.05) diversity indexes, using substrate utilization patterns on the Biolog Eco plates. Clone libraries based on 16S rRNA gene from rhizosphere of maize plants demonstrated rather similar phylotype diversity from the uninoculated control and NBRIAR3-treated rhizosphere soil, which further indicated that NBRIAR3 did not exert a major influence on the overall bacterial diversity. The methodological approach described in this study supports the idea that E. coli should be treated as native soil bacterium instead of as an "indicator" of the possible presence of other fecal coliform bacteria. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-010-0544-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fremaux B, Prigent-Combaret C, Vernozy-Rozand C. Long-term survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle effluents and environment: An updated review. Vet Microbiol 2008; 132:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Texier S, Prigent-Combaret C, Gourdon MH, Poirier MA, Faivre P, Dorioz JM, Poulenard J, Jocteur-Monrozier L, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Trevisan D. Persistence of culturable Escherichia coli fecal contaminants in dairy alpine grassland soils. J Environ Qual 2008; 37:2299-2310. [PMID: 18948484 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ecology in the field is very limited in the case of dairy alpine grassland soils. Here, our objective was to monitor field survival of E. coli in cow pats and underlying soils in four different alpine pasture units, and to determine whether the soil could constitute an environmental reservoir. E. coli was enumerated by MPN using a selective medium. E. coli survived well in cow pats (10(7) to 10(8) cells g(-1) dry pat), but cow pats disappeared within about 2 mo. In each pasture unit, constant levels of E. coli (10(3) to 10(4) cells g(-1) dry soil) were recovered from all topsoil (0-5 cm) samples regardless of the sampling date, that is, under the snow cover, immediately after snow melting, or during the pasture season (during and after the decomposition of pats). In deeper soil layers below the root zone (5-25 cm), E. coli persistence varied according to soil type, with higher numbers recovered in poorly-drained soils (10(3) to 10(4) cells g(-1) dry soil) than in well-drained soils (< 10(2) cells g(-1) dry soil). A preliminary analysis of 38 partial uidA sequences of E. coli from pat and soils highlighted a cluster containing sequences only found in this work. Overall, this study raises the possibility that fecal E. coli could have formed a naturalized (sub)population, which is now part of the indigenous soil community of alpine pasture grasslands, the soil thus representing an environmental reservoir of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Texier
- UMR42 CARRTEL, INRA F74203, Thonon-les-Bains, France; Université de Savoie, F73376 Le Bourget du Lac, France
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Abstract
Non-plant pathogenic endophytic bacteria can promote plant growth, improve nitrogen nutrition, and, in some cases, are human pathogens. Recent work in several laboratories has shown that enteric bacteria are common inhabitants of the interior of plants. These observations led to the experiments that showed the entry into plants of enteric human pathogens such as Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7. The extent of endophytic colonization by strains is regulated by plant defenses and several genetic determinants necessary for this interior colonization in endophytic bacteria have been identified. The genomes of four endophytic bacteria now available should promote discovery of other genes that contribute to this phenotype. Common virulence factors in plant and animal pathogens have also been described in bacteria that can infect both plant and animal models. Future directions in all of these areas are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Tyler
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0700, USA.
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