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Cuzzuol BR, Apolonio JS, da Silva Júnior RT, de Carvalho LS, Santos LKDS, Malheiro LH, Silva Luz M, Calmon MS, Crivellaro HDL, Lemos FFB, Freire de Melo F. Usher syndrome: Genetic diagnosis and current therapeutic approaches. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 11:1-17. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Usher Syndrome (USH) is the most common deaf-blind syndrome, affecting approximately 1 in 6000 people in the deaf population. This genetic condition is characterized by a combination of hearing loss (HL), retinitis pigmentosa, and, in some cases, vestibular areflexia. Among the subtypes of USH, USH type 1 is considered the most severe form, presenting profound bilateral congenital deafness, vestibular areflexia, and early onset RP. USH type 2 is the most common form, exhibiting congenital moderate to severe HL for low frequencies and severe to profound HL for high frequencies. Conversely, type 3 is the rarest, initially manifesting mild symptoms during childhood that become more prominent in the first decades of life. The dual impact of USH on both visual and auditory senses significantly impairs patients’ quality of life, restricting their daily activities and interactions with society. To date, 9 genes have been confirmed so far for USH: MYO7A, USH1C, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1G, USH2A, ADGRV1, WHRN and CLRN1. These genes are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and encode proteins expressed in the inner ear and retina, leading to functional loss. Although non-genetic methods can assist in patient triage and disease extension evaluation, genetic and molecular tests play a pivotal role in providing genetic counseling, enabling appropriate gene therapy, and facilitating timely cochlear implantation (CI). The CRISPR/Cas9 system and viral-based gene replacement therapy have recently emerged as highly promising techniques for treating USH. Regarding drug therapy, PTC-124 and Nb54 have been identified as promising drug interventions for genetic HL in USH. Simultaneously, CI has proven to be critical in the restoration of hearing. This review aims to summarize the genetic and molecular diagnosis of USH and highlight the importance of early diagnosis in guiding appropriate treatment strategies and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Sousa de Carvalho
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Hasimoto Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Lima Crivellaro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Paredes ÁC, López G, Gelvez N, Tamayo ML. Caracterización fenotípica de la retinitis pigmentaria asociada a sordera. biomedica 2022; 42:130-143. [PMID: 35866736 PMCID: PMC9385447 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. El síndrome de Usher es una alteración genética caracterizada por la asociación de retinitis pigmentaria y sordera. Sin embargo, hay casos con familias en las cuales, a pesar de presentarse dicha asociación, no se puede diagnosticar un síndrome de Usher ni ninguno otro. Objetivo. Reevaluar fenotípicamente a 103 familias con diagnóstico previo de posible síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera. Materiales y métodos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 103 familias con un posible diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Usher o retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera. Se seleccionaron las familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía a un síndrome de Usher típico. Los afectados fueron valorados oftalmológica y audiológicamente. Se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados. Se reevaluaron 14 familias cuyo diagnóstico clínico no correspondía al de síndrome de Usher. De las familias con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Usher típico, el 13,6 % recibieron uno posterior de “retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera” de “otro síntoma ocular asociado con hipoacusia’,’ o en forma aislada en una misma familia, de “retinitis pigmentaria” o “hipoacusia’.’ Conclusiones. Es fundamental el estudio familiar en los casos en que la clínica no concuerda con el diagnóstico de síndrome de Usher típico. En los pacientes con retinitis pigmentaria asociada con sordera, el diagnóstico clínico acertado permite enfocar los análisis moleculares y, así, establecer un diagnóstico diferencial. Es necesario elaborar guías de nomenclatura en los casos con estos hallazgos atípicos para orientar a médicos e investigadores en cuanto a su correcto manejo.
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Delmaghani S, El-Amraoui A. The genetic and phenotypic landscapes of Usher syndrome: from disease mechanisms to a new classification. Hum Genet 2022. [PMID: 35353227 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of deaf–blindness in humans, with a prevalence of about 1/10,000 (~ 400,000 people worldwide). Cochlear implants are currently used to reduce the burden of hearing loss in severe-to-profoundly deaf patients, but many promising treatments including gene, cell, and drug therapies to restore the native function of the inner ear and retinal sensory cells are under investigation. The traditional clinical classification of Usher syndrome defines three major subtypes—USH1, 2 and 3—according to hearing loss severity and onset, the presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction, and age at onset of retinitis pigmentosa. Pathogenic variants of nine USH genes have been initially reported: MYO7A, USH1C, PCDH15, CDH23, and USH1G for USH1, USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN for USH2, and CLRN1 for USH3. Based on the co-occurrence of hearing and vision deficits, the list of USH genes has been extended to few other genes, but with limited supporting information. A consensus on combined criteria for Usher syndrome is crucial for the development of accurate diagnosis and to improve patient management. In recent years, a wealth of information has been obtained concerning the properties of the Usher proteins, related molecular networks, potential genotype–phenotype correlations, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the impairment or loss of hearing, balance and vision. The advent of precision medicine calls for a clear and more precise diagnosis of Usher syndrome, exploiting all the existing data to develop a combined clinical/genetic/network/functional classification for Usher syndrome.
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Nisenbaum E, Thielhelm TP, Nourbakhsh A, Yan D, Blanton SH, Shu Y, Koehler KR, El-Amraoui A, Chen Z, Lam BL, Liu X. Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Usher Syndrome. Ear Hear 2022; 43:1-8. [PMID: 34039936 DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) encompasses a group of clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders defined by the triad of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), vestibular dysfunction, and vision loss. USH is the most common cause of deaf blindness. USH is divided clinically into three subtypes-USH1, USH2, and USH3-based on symptom severity, progression, and age of onset. The underlying genetics of these USH forms are, however, significantly more complex, with over a dozen genes linked to the three primary clinical subtypes and other atypical USH phenotypes. Several of these genes are associated with other deaf-blindness syndromes that share significant clinical overlap with USH, pointing to the limits of a clinically based classification system. The genotype-phenotype relationships among USH forms also may vary significantly based on the location and type of mutation in the gene of interest. Understanding these genotype-phenotype relationships and associated natural disease histories is necessary for the successful development and application of gene-based therapies and precision medicine approaches to USH. Currently, the state of knowledge varies widely depending on the gene of interest. Recent studies utilizing next-generation sequencing technology have expanded the list of known pathogenic mutations in USH genes, identified new genes associated with USH-like phenotypes, and proposed algorithms to predict the phenotypic effects of specific categories of allelic variants. Further work is required to validate USH gene causality, and better define USH genotype-phenotype relationships and disease natural histories-particularly for rare mutations-to lay the groundwork for the future of USH treatment.
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Igelman AD, Ku C, da Palma MM, Georgiou M, Schiff ER, Lam BL, Sankila EM, Ahn J, Pyers L, Vincent A, Ferraz Sallum JM, Zein WM, Oh JK, Maldonado RS, Ryu J, Tsang SH, Gorin MB, Webster AR, Michaelides M, Yang P, Pennesi ME. Expanding the clinical phenotype in patients with disease causing variants associated with atypical Usher syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:664-673. [PMID: 34223797 PMCID: PMC9233901 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1946704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atypical Usher syndrome (USH) is poorly defined with a broad clinical spectrum. Here, we characterize the clinical phenotype of disease caused by variants in CEP78, CEP250, ARSG, and ABHD12.Chart review evaluating demographic, clinical, imaging, and genetic findings of 19 patients from 18 families with a clinical diagnosis of retinal disease and confirmed disease-causing variants in CEP78, CEP250, ARSG, or ABHD12.CEP78-related disease included sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in 6/7 patients and demonstrated a broad phenotypic spectrum including: vascular attenuation, pallor of the optic disc, intraretinal pigment, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, areas of mid-peripheral hypo-autofluorescence, outer retinal atrophy, mild pigmentary changes in the macula, foveal hypo-autofluorescence, and granularity of the ellipsoid zone. Nonsense and frameshift variants in CEP250 showed mild retinal disease with progressive, non-congenital SNHL. ARSG variants resulted in a characteristic pericentral pattern of hypo-autofluorescence with one patient reporting non-congenital SNHL. ABHD12-related disease showed rod-cone dystrophy with macular involvement, early and severe decreased best corrected visual acuity, and non-congenital SNHL ranging from unreported to severe.This study serves to expand the clinical phenotypes of atypical USH. Given the variable findings, atypical USH should be considered in patients with peripheral and macular retinal disease even without the typical RP phenotype especially when SNHL is noted. Additionally, genetic screening may be useful in patients who have clinical symptoms and retinal findings even in the absence of known SNHL given the variability of atypical USH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Igelman
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristy Ku
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mariana Matioli da Palma
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elena R Schiff
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eeva-Marja Sankila
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Eye Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lindsey Pyers
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin Kyun Oh
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
- College of Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ramiro S Maldonado
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joseph Ryu
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael B Gorin
- UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Division of Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Yang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark E Pennesi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Fuster-García C, García-Bohórquez B, Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Aller E, Jaijo T, Millán JM, García-García G. Usher Syndrome: Genetics of a Human Ciliopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136723. [PMID: 34201633 PMCID: PMC8268283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive syndromic ciliopathy characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa and, sometimes, vestibular dysfunction. There are three clinical types depending on the severity and age of onset of the symptoms; in addition, ten genes are reported to be causative of USH, and six more related to the disease. These genes encode proteins of a diverse nature, which interact and form a dynamic protein network called the “Usher interactome”. In the organ of Corti, the USH proteins are essential for the correct development and maintenance of the structure and cohesion of the stereocilia. In the retina, the USH protein network is principally located in the periciliary region of the photoreceptors, and plays an important role in the maintenance of the periciliary structure and the trafficking of molecules between the inner and the outer segments of photoreceptors. Even though some genes are clearly involved in the syndrome, others are controversial. Moreover, expression of some USH genes has been detected in other tissues, which could explain their involvement in additional mild comorbidities. In this paper, we review the genetics of Usher syndrome and the spectrum of mutations in USH genes. The aim is to identify possible mutation associations with the disease and provide an updated genotype–phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fuster-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén García-Bohórquez
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Aller
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Millán
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gema García-García
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (C.F.-G.); (B.G.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (E.A.); (T.J.); (G.G.-G.)
- Unidad Mixta de Enfermedades Raras IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network for Rare Diseases, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Khateb S, Mohand-Saïd S, Nassisi M, Bonnet C, Roux AF, Andrieu C, Antonio A, Condroyer C, Zeitz C, Devisme C, Loundon N, Marlin S, Petit C, Bodaghi B, Sahel JA, Audo I. PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ROD-CONE DYSTROPHY ASSOCIATED WITH MYO7A MUTATIONS IN A LARGE FRENCH COHORT. Retina 2020; 40:1603-15. [PMID: 31479088 DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To document the rod-cone dystrophy phenotype of patients with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) harboring MYO7A mutations. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 53 patients (42 families) with biallelic MYO7A mutations who underwent comprehensive examination, including functional visual tests and multimodal retinal imaging. Genetic analysis was performed either using a multiplex amplicon panel or through direct sequencing. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics software v. 21.0. RESULTS Fifty different genetic variations including 4 novel were identified. Most patients showed a typical rod-cone dystrophy phenotype, with best-corrected visual acuity and central visual field deteriorating linearly with age. At age 29, binocular visual field demonstrated an average preservation of 50 central degrees, constricting by 50% within 5 years. Structural changes based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, short wavelength autofluorescence, and near-infrared autofluorescence measurements did not however correlate with age. Our study revealed a higher percentage of epiretinal membranes and cystoid macular edema in patients with MYO7A mutations compared with rod-cone dystrophy patients with other mutations. Subgroup analyses did not reveal substantial genotype-phenotype correlations. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest French cohort of patients with MYO7A mutations reported to date. Functional visual characteristics of this subset of patients followed a linear decline as in other typical rod-cone dystrophy, but structural changes were variable indicating the need for a case-by-case evaluation for prognostic prediction and choice of potential therapies.
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Wafa TT, Faridi R, King KA, Zalewski C, Yousaf R, Schultz JM, Morell RJ, Muskett J, Turriff A, Tsilou E, Griffith AJ, Friedman TB, Zein WM, Brewer CC. Vestibular phenotype-genotype correlation in a cohort of 90 patients with Usher syndrome. Clin Genet 2021; 99:226-235. [PMID: 33089500 PMCID: PMC7821283 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Usher syndrome has been historically categorized into one of three classical types based on the patient phenotype. However, the vestibular phenotype does not infallibly predict which Usher genes are mutated. Conversely, the Usher syndrome genotype is not sufficient to reliably predict vestibular function. Here we present a characterization of the vestibular phenotype of 90 patients with clinical presentation of Usher syndrome (59 females), aged 10.9 to 75.5 years, with genetic variants in eight Usher syndromic genes and expand the description of atypical Usher syndrome. We identified unexpected horizontal semicircular canal reactivity in response to caloric and rotational stimuli in 12.5% (3 of 24) and 41.7% (10 of 24), respectively, of our USH1 cohort. These findings are not consistent with the classical phenotypic definition of vestibular areflexia in USH1. Similarly, 17% (6 of 35) of our cohort with USH2A mutations had saccular dysfunction as evidenced by absent cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in contradiction to the classical assumption of normal vestibular function. The surprising lack of consistent genotypic to vestibular phenotypic findings as well as no clear vestibular phenotypic patterns among atypical USH cases, indicate that even rigorous vestibular phenotyping data will not reliably differentiate the three USH types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talah T. Wafa
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kelly A. King
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher Zalewski
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rizwan Yousaf
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Julie M. Schultz
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Review Analysis DepartmentGeneDxGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Robert J. Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology CoreNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Julie Muskett
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Amy Turriff
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ekaterini Tsilou
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew J. Griffith
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Wadih M. Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Carmen C. Brewer
- Otolaryngology BranchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Abstract
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) manifests with congenital and apparently isolated hearing loss, followed by retinal degeneration in later life. Therefore, and because of its high prevalence in the congenitally hearing-impaired population, USH is one of the most relevant deafness syndromes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based testing can now provide most analyzed USH patients with a molecular diagnosis, based on mutations in 11 genes. Given the availability of several excellent articles on the clinical and biochemical basis of USH, this short review focuses on critical assessment of new genes announced as USH genes, clinical and genetic differential diagnoses and therapeutic developments. Because obsolete loci, disproved USH genes and the inclusion of genes whose mutations cause similar phenotypes have increasingly blurred genetic classification, a revision based on phenotype restricted to genes related to the Usher protein complex is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno J. Bolz
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Genetics , Weismüllerstr. 50 , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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Abad-Morales V, Navarro R, Burés-Jelstrup A, Pomares E. Identification of a novel homozygous ARSG mutation as the second cause of Usher syndrome type 4. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100736. [PMID: 32455177 PMCID: PMC7235610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Usher syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by combined sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and vestibular areflexia, with 15 known causative genes. Depending on the severity and onset of the symptoms, 3 different subtypes of the pathology have been classically established, although an increasing number of rare cases are being accumulated as atypical forms. The present work aims to discover the genetic cause in a patient with atypical Usher syndrome, by performing whole exome sequencing in several family members. Observations The obtained results identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (p.Asp44Asn) in the ARSG gene as the cause of the disease, which was characterized by late-onset progressive symptoms in the patient. A resembling phenotype, recently defined as the novel Usher syndrome type 4, was described in three families sharing another ARSG mutation. Both mutations affect two contiguous amino acid residues, which appear to be critical for the correct function of the protein. Conclusions and Importance These findings support the identification of the second disease mutation in this gene and a new evidence of the implication of ARSG in the genetic basis of Usher syndrome type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Abad-Morales
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Navarro
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Retina, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anniken Burés-Jelstrup
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Retina, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Pomares
- Fundació de Recerca de l'Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Institut de Microcirurgia Ocular (IMO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Nolen RM, Hufnagel RB, Friedman TB, Turriff AE, Brewer CC, Zalewski CK, King KA, Wafa TT, Griffith AJ, Brooks BP, Zein WM. Atypical and ultra-rare Usher syndrome: a review. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:401-412. [PMID: 32372680 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1747090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Usher syndrome has classically been described as a combination of hearing loss and rod-cone dystrophy; vestibular dysfunction is present in many patients. Three distinct clinical subtypes were documented in the late 1970s. Genotyping efforts have led to the identification of several genes associated with the disease. Recent literature has seen multiple publications referring to "atypical" Usher syndrome presentations. This manuscript reviews the molecular etiology of Usher syndrome, highlighting rare presentations and molecular causes. Reports of "atypical" disease are summarized noting the wide discrepancy in the spectrum of phenotypic deviations from the classical presentation. Guidelines for establishing a clear nomenclature system are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie M Nolen
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy E Turriff
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carmen C Brewer
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K Zalewski
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A King
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Talah T Wafa
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Tabei FS, Tabei SS, Asadian F, Taghipour Sheshdeh A, Mohammadi S, Entezam M, Fardaei M. Genetic analysis of Usher syndrome associated genes in Iranian pedigrees: The prominent role of MYO7A gene. Gene Reports 2020; 18:100535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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D'Esposito F, Randazzo V, Cennamo G, Centore N, Maltese PE, Malesci R, D'Andrea L, Bertelli M, Marciano E, de Crecchio G, Pioppo A, Magli A, Cordeiro MF. Novel USH1G homozygous variant underlying USH2-like phenotype of Usher syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 31:NP18-NP22. [PMID: 31566003 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119879392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Classification distinguishes three clinical types of which type I (USH1) is the most severe, with vestibular dysfunction as an added feature. To date, 15 genes and 3 loci have been identified with the USH1G gene being an uncommon cause of USH. We describe an atypical USH1G-related phenotype caused by a novel homozygous missense variation in a patient with profound hearing impairment and relatively mild retinitis pigmentosa, but no vestibular dysfunction. METHODS A 26-year-old female patient with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss, nyctalopia and retinitis pigmentosa was studied. Audiometric, vestibular and ophthalmologic examination was performed. A panel of 13 genes was tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS While the hearing loss was confirmed to be profound, the vestibular function resulted normal. Although typical retinitis pigmentosa was present, the age at onset was unusually late for USH1 syndrome. A novel homozygous missense variation (c.1187T>A, p.Leu396Gln) in the USH1G gene has been identified as causing the disease in our patient. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are very common in both isolated and syndromic retinal dystrophies and sensorineural hearing loss. Our findings widen the spectrum of USH allelic disorders and strength the concept that variants in genes that are classically known as underlying one specific clinical USH subtype might result in unexpected phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana D'Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.,MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Randazzo
- Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gilda Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Centore
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rita Malesci
- Unit of Audiology and Vestibology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Andrea
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,MAGI'S Lab, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elio Marciano
- Unit of Audiology and Vestibology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Crecchio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Pioppo
- Centro di Ipovisione, U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R. Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.,U.O.C. di Oculistica A.O.O.R Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriano Magli
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Kubota D, Gocho K, Kikuchi S, Akeo K, Miura M, Yamaki K, Takahashi H, Kameya S. CEP250 mutations associated with mild cone-rod dystrophy and sensorineural hearing loss in a Japanese family. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:500-507. [PMID: 29718797 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1466338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEP250 encodes the C-Nap1 protein which belongs to the CEP family of proteins. C-Nap1 has been reported to be expressed in the photoreceptor cilia and is known to interact with other ciliary proteins. Mutations of CEP250 cause atypical Usher syndrome which is characterized by early-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and a relatively mild retinitis pigmentosa. This study tested the hypothesis that the mild cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) and SNHL in a non-consanguineous Japanese family was caused by CEP250 mutations. METHODS Detailed ophthalmic and auditory examinations were performed on the proband and her family members. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used on the DNA obtained from the proband. RESULTS Electrophysiological analysis revealed a mild CRD in two family members. Adaptive optics (AO) imaging showed reduced cone density around the fovea. Auditory examinations showed a slight SNHL in both patients. WES of the proband identified compound heterozygous variants c.361C>T, p.R121*, and c.562C>T, p.R188* in CEP250. The variants were found to co-segregate with the disease in five members of the family. CONCLUSIONS The variants of CEP250 are both null variants and according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guideline, these variants are classified into the very strong category (PVS1). The criteria for both alleles will be pathogenic. Our data indicate that mutations of CEP250 can cause mild CRD and SNHL in Japanese patients. Because the ophthalmological phenotypes were very mild, high-resolution retinal imaging analysis, such as AO, will be helpful in diagnosing CEP250-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kubota
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Kiyoko Gocho
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Sachiko Kikuchi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Keiichiro Akeo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamaki
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Japan
| | - Shuhei Kameya
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital , Inzai , Japan
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Khateb S, Kowalewski B, Bedoni N, Damme M, Pollack N, Saada A, Obolensky A, Ben-Yosef T, Gross M, Dierks T, Banin E, Rivolta C, Sharon D. A homozygous founder missense variant in arylsulfatase G abolishes its enzymatic activity causing atypical Usher syndrome in humans. Genet Med 2018; 20:1004-12. [PMID: 29300381 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify the cause of disease in patients suffering from a distinctive, atypical form of Usher syndrome. METHODS Whole-exome and genome sequencing were performed in five patients from three families of Yemenite Jewish origin, suffering from distinctive retinal degeneration phenotype and sensorineural hearing loss. Functional analysis of the wild-type and mutant proteins was performed in human fibrosarcoma cells. RESULTS We identified a homozygous founder missense variant, c.133G>T (p.D45Y) in arylsulfatase G (ARSG). All patients shared a distinctive retinal phenotype with ring-shaped atrophy along the arcades engirdling the fovea, resulting in ring scotoma. In addition, patients developed moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Both vision and hearing loss appeared around the age of 40 years. The identified variant affected a fully conserved amino acid that is part of the catalytic site of the enzyme. Functional analysis of the wild-type and mutant proteins showed no basal activity of p.D45Y. CONCLUSION Homozygosity for ARSG-p.D45Y in humans leads to protein dysfunction, causing an atypical combination of late-onset Usher syndrome. Although there is no evidence for generalized clinical manifestations of lysosomal storage diseases in this set of patients, we cannot rule out the possibility that mild and late-onset symptoms may appear.
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16
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Namburi P, Ratnapriya R, Khateb S, Lazar CH, Kinarty Y, Obolensky A, Erdinest I, Marks-Ohana D, Pras E, Ben-Yosef T, Newman H, Gross M, Swaroop A, Banin E, Sharon D. Bi-allelic Truncating Mutations in CEP78, Encoding Centrosomal Protein 78, Cause Cone-Rod Degeneration with Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:777-784. [PMID: 27588452 PMCID: PMC5011076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a diverse group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous retinal abnormalities. The present study was designed to identify genetic defects in individuals with an uncommon combination of autosomal recessive progressive cone-rod degeneration accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss (arCRD-SNHL). Homozygosity mapping followed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and founder mutation screening revealed two truncating rare variants (c.893-1G>A and c.534delT) in CEP78, which encodes centrosomal protein 78, in six individuals of Jewish ancestry with CRD and SNHL. RT-PCR analysis of CEP78 in blood leukocytes of affected individuals revealed that the c.893-1G>A mutation causes exon 7 skipping leading to deletion of 65bp, predicted to result in a frameshift and therefore a truncated protein (p.Asp298Valfs(∗)17). RT-PCR analysis of 17 human tissues demonstrated ubiquitous expression of different CEP78 transcripts. RNA-seq analysis revealed three transcripts in the human retina and relatively higher expression in S-cone-like photoreceptors of Nrl-knockout retina compared to rods. Immunohistochemistry studies in the human retina showed intense labeling of cone inner segments compared to rods. CEP78 was reported previously to interact with c-nap1, encoded by CEP250 that we reported earlier to cause atypical Usher syndrome. We conclude that truncating mutations in CEP78 result in a phenotype involving both the visual and auditory systems but different from typical Usher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Namburi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Rinki Ratnapriya
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Csilla H Lazar
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA; Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano Sciences, Babes-Bolyai-University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yael Kinarty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel; Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Alexey Obolensky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Inbar Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Devorah Marks-Ohana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Hadas Newman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, 64239, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0610, USA
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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17
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Toms M, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Webster A, Moosajee M. Usher syndrome: a review of the clinical phenotype, genes and therapeutic strategies. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Khateb S, Zelinger L, Mizrahi-Meissonnier L, Ayuso C, Koenekoop RK, Laxer U, Gross M, Banin E, Sharon D. A homozygous nonsense CEP250 mutation combined with a heterozygous nonsense C2orf71 mutation is associated with atypical Usher syndrome. J Med Genet 2014; 51:460-9. [PMID: 24780881 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Usher syndrome (USH) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by mutations in at least 12 genes. Our aim is to identify additional USH-related genes. METHODS Clinical examination included visual acuity test, funduscopy and electroretinography. Genetic analysis included homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS A combination of homozygosity mapping and WES in a large consanguineous family of Iranian Jewish origin revealed nonsense mutations in two ciliary genes: c.3289C>T (p.Q1097*) in C2orf71 and c.3463C>T (p.R1155*) in centrosome-associated protein CEP250 (C-Nap1). The latter has not been associated with any inherited disease and the c.3463C>T mutation was absent in control chromosomes. Patients who were double homozygotes had SNHL accompanied by early-onset and severe RP, while patients who were homozygous for the CEP250 mutation and carried a single mutant C2orf71 allele had SNHL with mild retinal degeneration. No ciliary structural abnormalities in the respiratory system were evident by electron microscopy analysis. CEP250 expression analysis of the mutant allele revealed the generation of a truncated protein lacking the NEK2-phosphorylation region. CONCLUSIONS A homozygous nonsense CEP250 mutation, in combination with a heterozygous C2orf71 nonsense mutation, causes an atypical form of USH, characterised by early-onset SNHL and a relatively mild RP. The severe retinal involvement in the double homozygotes indicates an additive effect caused by nonsense mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Zelinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- Departments of Human Genetics, Paediatric Surgery and Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uri Laxer
- Department of Pulmonology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Khan MI, Azam M, Ajmal M, Collin RWJ, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM, Qamar R. The molecular basis of retinal dystrophies in pakistan. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:176-95. [PMID: 24705292 PMCID: PMC3978518 DOI: 10.3390/genes5010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The customary consanguineous nuptials in Pakistan underlie the frequent occurrence of autosomal recessive inherited disorders, including retinal dystrophy (RD). In many studies, homozygosity mapping has been shown to be successful in mapping susceptibility loci for autosomal recessive inherited disease. RDs are the most frequent cause of inherited blindness worldwide. To date there is no comprehensive genetic overview of different RDs in Pakistan. In this review, genetic data of syndromic and non-syndromic RD families from Pakistan has been collected. Out of the 132 genes known to be involved in non-syndromic RD, 35 different genes have been reported to be mutated in families of Pakistani origin. In the Pakistani RD families 90% of the mutations causing non-syndromic RD and all mutations causing syndromic forms of the disease have not been reported in other populations. Based on the current inventory of all Pakistani RD-associated gene defects, a cost-efficient allele-specific analysis of 11 RD-associated variants is proposed, which may capture up to 35% of the genetic causes of retinal dystrophy in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan.
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan.
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan.
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan.
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20
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Bauß K, Knapp B, Jores P, Roepman R, Kremer H, Wijk EV, Märker T, Wolfrum U. Phosphorylation of the Usher syndrome 1G protein SANS controls Magi2-mediated endocytosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3923-42. [PMID: 24608321 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Usher syndrome (USH) is a complex ciliopathy with at least 12 chromosomal loci assigned to three clinical subtypes, USH1-3. The heterogeneous USH proteins are organized into protein networks. Here, we identified Magi2 (membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted-2) as a new component of the USH protein interactome, binding to the multifunctional scaffold protein SANS (USH1G). We showed that the SANS-Magi2 complex assembly is regulated by the phosphorylation of an internal PDZ-binding motif in the sterile alpha motif domain of SANS by the protein kinase CK2. We affirmed Magi2's role in receptor-mediated, clathrin-dependent endocytosis and showed that phosphorylated SANS tightly regulates Magi2-mediated endocytosis. Specific depletions by RNAi revealed that SANS and Magi2-mediated endocytosis regulates aspects of ciliogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the localization of the SANS-Magi2 complex in the periciliary membrane complex facing the ciliary pocket of retinal photoreceptor cells in situ. Our data suggest that endocytotic processes may not only contribute to photoreceptor cell homeostasis but also counterbalance the periciliary membrane delivery accompanying the exocytosis processes for the cargo vesicle delivery. In USH1G patients, mutations in SANS eliminate Magi2 binding and thereby deregulate endocytosis, lead to defective ciliary transport modules and ultimately disrupt photoreceptor cell function inducing retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bauß
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Knapp
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Jores
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin V Wijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tina Märker
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Researchers face a significant problem in PCR amplification of DNA fragments with high GC contents. Analysis of these regions is of importance since many regulatory regions of different genes and their first exons are GC-rich. There are a large number of protocols for amplification of GC-rich DNA, some of which perform well but are costly. Most of the economical protocols fail to perform consistently, especially on products with >80 % GC contents and a size of >300 bp. One of these protocols requires multiple additions of DNA polymerase during thermal cycling which therefore rules out its utility if a large number of samples have to be amplified. We have established a method for simultaneous amplification of specific PCR products from a large number of human DNA samples using general laboratory reagents. These amplicons have GC contents ranging from 65-85 % and sizes up to 870 bp. The protocol uses a PCR buffer containing co-solvents including 2-mercaptoethanol and bovine serum albumin for amplification of DNA. A specific thermal cycling profile is also used which incorporates a high annealing temperature in the first 7 cycles of the reactions. The PCR products are suitable for different molecular biology applications including sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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22
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Imtiaz F, Taibah K, Bin-Khamis G, Kennedy S, Hemidan A, Al-Qahtani F, Tabbara K, Mubarak BA, Ramzan K, Meyer BF, Al-Owain M. USH1G with unique retinal findings caused by a novel truncating mutation identified by genome-wide linkage analysis. Mol Vis 2012; 18:1885-94. [PMID: 22876113 PMCID: PMC3413430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive disorder divided into three distinct clinical subtypes based on the severity of the hearing loss, manifestation of vestibular dysfunction, and the age of onset of retinitis pigmentosa and visual symptoms. To date, mutations in seven different genes have been reported to cause USH type 1 (USH1), the most severe form. Patients diagnosed with USH1 are known to be ideal candidates to benefit from cochlear implantation. METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 10K arrays were performed in three cochlear implanted Saudi siblings born from a consanguineous marriage, clinically diagnosed with USH1 by comprehensive clinical, audiological, and ophthalmological examinations. From the linkage results, the USH1G gene was screened for mutations by direct sequencing of the coding exons. RESULTS We report the identification of a novel p.S243X truncating mutation in USH1G that segregated with the disease phenotype and was not present in 300 ethnically matched normal controls. We also report on the novel retinal findings and the outcome of cochlear implantation in the affected individuals. CONCLUSIONS In addition to reporting a novel truncating mutation, this report expands the retinal phenotype in USH1G and presents the first report of successful cochlear implants in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Imtiaz
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghada Bin-Khamis
- Department of Otolaryngology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shelley Kennedy
- Ontario Newborn Screening Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal Hemidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Qahtani
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Tabbara
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Al Mubarak
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F. Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Rizel L, Safieh C, Shalev SA, Mezer E, Jabaly-Habib H, Ben-Neriah Z, Chervinsky E, Briscoe D, Ben-Yosef T. Novel mutations of MYO7A and USH1G in Israeli Arab families with Usher syndrome type 1. Mol Vis 2011; 17:3548-55. [PMID: 22219650 PMCID: PMC3250379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the genetic basis for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) in four consanguineous Israeli Arab families. METHODS Haplotype analysis for all known USH1 loci was performed in each family. In families for which haplotype analysis was inconclusive, we performed genome-wide homozygosity mapping using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. For mutation analysis, specific primers were used to PCR amplify the coding exons of the MYO7A, USH1C, and USH1G genes including intron-exon boundaries. Mutation screening was performed with direct sequencing. RESULTS A combination of haplotype analysis and genome-wide homozygosity mapping indicated linkage to the USH1B locus in two families, USH1C in one family and USH1G in another family. Sequence analysis of the relevant genes (MYO7A, USH1C, and USH1G) led to the identification of pathogenic mutations in all families. Two of the identified mutations are novel (c.1135-1147dup in MYO7A and c.206-207insC in USH1G). CONCLUSIONS USH1 is a genetically heterogenous condition. Of the five USH1 genes identified to date, USH1C and USH1G are the rarest contributors to USH1 etiology worldwide. It is therefore interesting that two of the four Israeli Arab families reported here have mutations in these two genes. This finding further demonstrates the unique genetic structure of the Israeli population in general, and the Israeli Arab population in particular, which due to high rates of consanguinity segregates many rare autosomal recessive genetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rizel
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel,The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christine Safieh
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel,The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stavit A. Shalev
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,Genetics Institute, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eedy Mezer
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,Alberto Moscona Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ziva Ben-Neriah
- Department of Human Genetics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Briscoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Tamar Ben-Yosef
- The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Haifa, Israel,The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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