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Levine MA, Chin JL, Rasmussen A, Sener A, Luke PP. The history of renal transplantation in Canada: A urologic perspective. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 14:372-379. [PMID: 32569569 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While the urologist's involvement in kidney transplantation varies from center to center and country to country, urologists remain integral to many programs across Canada. From the early days of kidney transplant to contemporary times, the leadership, vision, and skillset of Canadian urologists have helped progress the field. In this review of Canadian urologists' role in kidney transplantation, the achievements of this professional group are highlighted and celebrated. Original contributors to the field, as well as notable achievements are highlighted, with a focus on the impact of Canadian urologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Alexander Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Multiorgan Transplant Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph L Chin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Multiorgan Transplant Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alp Sener
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Multiorgan Transplant Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick P Luke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Multiorgan Transplant Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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2
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Zischke J, Mamareli P, Pokoyski C, Gabaev I, Buyny S, Jacobs R, Falk CS, Lochner M, Sparwasser T, Schulz TF, Kay-Fedorov PC. The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein pUL11 acts via CD45 to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28628650 PMCID: PMC5491327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, infection with which can cause severe disease for immunocompromised individuals. The complex changes wrought on the host's immune system during both productive and latent HCMV infection are well known. Infected cells are masked and manipulated and uninfected immune cells are also affected; peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation is reduced and cytokine profiles altered. Levels increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which may be important for the establishment of HCMV infections and is required for the development of high viral titres by murine cytomegalovirus. The mechanisms by which HCMV affects T cell IL-10 secretion are not understood. We show here that treatment of PBMC with purified pUL11 induces IL-10 producing T cells as a result of pUL11 binding to the CD45 phosphatase on T cells. IL-10 production induced by HCMV infection is also in part mediated by pUL11. Supernatants from pUL11 treated cells have anti-inflammatory effects on untreated PBMC. Considering the mechanism, CD45 can be a positive or negative regulator of TCR signalling, depending on its expression level, and we show that pUL11 also has concentration dependent activating or inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation and on the kinase function of the CD45 substrate Lck. pUL11 is therefore the first example of a viral protein that can target CD45 to induce T cells with anti-inflammatory properties. It is also the first HCMV protein shown to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. Understanding the mechanisms by which pUL11-induced changes in signal strength influence T cell development and function may provide the basis for the development of novel antiviral treatments and therapies against immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Pokoyski
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Buyny
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Penelope C. Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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3
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Picarda E, Bézie S, Boucault L, Autrusseau E, Kilens S, Meistermann D, Martinet B, Daguin V, Donnart A, Charpentier E, David L, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. Transient antibody targeting of CD45RC induces transplant tolerance and potent antigen-specific regulatory T cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90088. [PMID: 28194440 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat and human CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs expressing low levels of CD45RC have strong immunoregulatory properties. We describe here that human CD45 isoforms are nonredundant and identify distinct subsets of cells. We show that CD45RC is not expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ Foxp3+ Tregs, while CD45RA/RB/RO are. Transient administration of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting CD45RC in a rat cardiac allotransplantation model induced transplant tolerance associated with inhibition of allogeneic humoral responses but maintained primary and memory responses against cognate antigens. Anti-CD45RC mAb induced rapid death of CD45RChigh T cells through intrinsic cell signaling but preserved and potentiated CD4+ and CD8+ CD45RClow/- Tregs, which are able to adoptively transfer donor-specific tolerance to grafted recipients. Anti-CD45RC treatment results in distinct transcriptional signature of CD4+ and CD8+ CD45RClow/- Tregs. Finally, we demonstrate that anti-human CD45RC treatment inhibited graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in immune-humanized NSG mice. Thus, short-term anti-CD45RC is a potent therapeutic candidate to induce transplantation tolerance in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Picarda
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Boucault
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Autrusseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Kilens
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Meistermann
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Martinet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Donnart
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eric Charpentier
- INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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4
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Jian Y, Ye J, Qi H, Deng C, Deng S, Li F. Anti‐CD45RB and donor‐specific spleen cells transfusion inhibition allograft skin rejection mediated by memory T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:189-97. [PMID: 27616751 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Deng CY, Wang XF, Qi H, Li FR. Effects of Anti-CD45RB Monoclonal Antibody for T Lymphocyte Subsets in Mice Heart Transplantation Model. Scand J Immunol 2016; 84:86-94. [PMID: 27146476 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-Y. Deng
- The Key Laboratory of stem cell and Cellular therapy; The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital); Jinan University; Shenzhen China
| | - X.-F. Wang
- The Key Laboratory of stem cell and Cellular therapy; The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital); Jinan University; Shenzhen China
| | - H. Qi
- The Key Laboratory of stem cell and Cellular therapy; The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital); Jinan University; Shenzhen China
| | - F.-R. Li
- The Key Laboratory of stem cell and Cellular therapy; The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital); Jinan University; Shenzhen China
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Abstract
As a new type of immune tolerance inducer, anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD45RBmAb) can prolong the graft survival time of animal organs or cell transplantation as well as induce stable immune tolerance. Both interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 have important roles in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. However, whether these cytokines combined with anti-CD45RBmAb can promote immune tolerance is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-2 and IL-10 in vitro and in vivo on the tolerance induction by anti-CD45RBmAb. The changes of Treg and Th17 cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in anti-CD45RBmAb induced prolongation of skin allograft survival in mice. The finding of a role for IL-2 is novel, of interest, IL-2 promoted anti-CD45RBmAb-induced CD4(+) T cell differentiation into Treg and Th2 cells and suppressed Th17 and Th1 cells. IL-2 enhanced the induction of immune tolerance by anti-CD45RBmAb and significantly prolonged skin graft survival time in vivo. In contrast, this effect should be demonstrated experimentally by neutralizing IL-2 and inhibition of the effect of anti-CD45RBmAb, and neutralizing IL-10 showed no effect for anti-CD45RBmAb-induced tolerance. These data reveal that IL-2 significantly enhances anti-CD45RBmAb-induced immune tolerance via up-regulated T regulatory (Treg) cells and the balance of Th1/Th2 shifts. Conversely, IL-10 showed no effect on anti-CD45RBmAb-induced tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy, the Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Ji'nan University, Nu.1017, North Road of Eastern Gate, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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Archer LD, Langford-Smith KJ, Bigger BW, Fildes JE. Mucopolysaccharide diseases: a complex interplay between neuroinflammation, microglial activation and adaptive immunity. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:1-12. [PMID: 23653226 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) diseases are lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by deficiencies in enzymes required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism. Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), MPS IIIA, MPS IIIB and MPS VII are deficient in the enzymes α-L-Iduronidase, Heparan-N-Sulphatase, N-Acetylglucosaminidase and Beta-Glucuronidase, respectively. Enzyme deficiency leads to the progressive multi-systemic build-up of heparan sulphate (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS) within cellular lysosomes, followed by cell, tissue and organ damage and in particular neurodegeneration. Clinical manifestations of MPS are well established; however as lysosomes represent vital components of immune cells, it follows that lysosomal accumulation of GAGs could affect diverse immune functions and therefore influence disease pathogenesis. Theoretically, MPS neurodegeneration and GAGs could be substantiating a threat of danger and damage to alert the immune system for cellular clearance, which due to the progressive nature of MPS storage would propagate disease pathogenesis. Innate immunity appears to have a key role in MPS; however the extent of adaptive immune involvement remains to be elucidated. The current literature suggests a complex interplay between neuroinflammation, microglial activation and adaptive immunity in MPS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise D Archer
- The Transplant Centre, UHSM, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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8
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Archer LD, Langford-Smith KJ, Critchley WR, Bigger BW, Fildes JE. Characterisation of the T cell and dendritic cell repertoire in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I). J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:257-62. [PMID: 22773246 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a metabolic disorder caused by α-L-Iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency, resulting in lysosomal accumulation of heparan (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). This has been reported in microglia, yet currently the effect of IDUA deficiency on T cells and dendritic cells (DC) and their functionality in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 3 month old C57BL/6 MPS I (n = 11) and wildtype (WT) (n = 6) mice. T cell and DC phenotype and functional characteristics were identified by flow cytometry. RESULTS MPS I mice exhibited a reduction in DC (p = <0.001) along with CD8+ cytotoxic (p = 0.01) and CD4+ T helper (p = 0.032) cells, compared to WT controls. MPS I DC displayed a significant decrease in cell surface CD123 (p = 0.02) and CD86 (p = 0.006) expression. Furthermore, CD45RB expression was significantly reduced on T helper cells in the MPS I population (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION We report a reduction in circulating DC and T cells in the MPS I mouse; indicative of adaptive immune dysfunction. DC reduction may occur in response to down-regulation of the IL-3 receptor (CD123), necessary for DC survival. We also report down-regulation of cell surface CD86, a molecule required for T cell co-stimulation. T helper cell down-regulation of CD45RB is redolent of an anti-inflammatory phenotype with poor proliferative capacity. The definitive causes of our findings and the consequences and role that these findings play in the pathogenesis of MPS are unclear, but may be in response to lysosomal storage of unmetabolized HS and DS.
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Klingenberg R, Ketelhuth DF, Strodthoff D, Gregori S, Hansson GK. Subcutaneous immunization with heat shock protein-65 reduces atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. Immunobiology 2012; 217:540-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Gagliani N, Gregori S, Jofra T, Valle A, Stabilini A, Rothstein DM, Atkinson M, Roncarolo MG, Battaglia M. Rapamycin combined with anti-CD45RB mAb and IL-10 or with G-CSF induces tolerance in a stringent mouse model of islet transplantation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28434. [PMID: 22174806 PMCID: PMC3235119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large pool of preexisting alloreactive effector T cells can cause allogeneic graft rejection following transplantation. However, it is possible to induce transplant tolerance by altering the balance between effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Among the various Treg-cell types, Foxp3+Treg and IL-10–producing T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells have frequently been associated with tolerance following transplantation in both mice and humans. Previously, we demonstrated that rapamycin+IL-10 promotes Tr1-cell–associated tolerance in Balb/c mice transplanted with C57BL/6 pancreatic islets. However, this same treatment was unsuccessful in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with Balb/c islets (classified as a stringent transplant model). We accordingly designed a protocol that would be effective in the latter transplant model by simultaneously depleting effector T cells and fostering production of Treg cells. We additionally developed and tested a clinically translatable protocol that used no depleting agent. Methodology/Principal Findings Diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with Balb/c pancreatic islets. Recipient mice transiently treated with anti-CD45RB mAb+rapamycin+IL-10 developed antigen-specific tolerance. During treatment, Foxp3+Treg cells were momentarily enriched in the blood, followed by accumulation in the graft and draining lymph node, whereas CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T (i.e., Tr1) cells localized in the spleen. In long-term tolerant mice, only CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T cells remained enriched in the spleen and IL-10 was key in the maintenance of tolerance. Alternatively, recipient mice were treated with two compounds routinely used in the clinic (namely, rapamycin and G-CSF); this drug combination promoted tolerance associated with CD4+IL-10+IL-4− T cells. Conclusions/Significance The anti-CD45RB mAb+rapamycin+IL-10 combined protocol promotes a state of tolerance that is IL-10 dependent. Moreover, the combination of rapamycin+G-CSF induces tolerance and such treatment could be readily translatable into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gagliani
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Jofra
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Valle
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Stabilini
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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11
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Deng C, Qi H, Wang X, Zhou H, Deng S, Li F. Role of T and Dendritic Cells in Mouse Islet Allografts Treated With Anti-CD45RB Monoclonal Antibodies. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2721-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Golshayan D, Wyss JC, Buckland M, Hernandez-Fuentes M, Lechler RI. Differential role of naïve and memory CD4 T-cell subsets in primary alloresponses. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1749-59. [PMID: 20659087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The T cell response to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens occurs via two main pathways. The direct pathway involves the recognition of intact allogeneic MHC:peptide complexes on donor cells and provokes uniquely high frequencies of responsive T cells. The indirect response results from alloantigens being processed like any other protein antigen and presented as peptide by autologous antigen-presenting cells. The frequencies of T cells with indirect allospecificity are orders of magnitude lower and comparable to other peptide-specific responses. In this study, we explored the contributions of naïve and memory CD4(+) T cells to these two pathways. Using an adoptive transfer and skin transplantation model we found that naive and memory CD4(+) T cells, both naturally occurring and induced by sensitization with multiple third-party alloantigens, contributed equally to graft rejection when only the direct pathway was operative. In contrast, the indirect response was predominantly mediated by the naïve subset. Elimination of regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells enabled memory cells to reject grafts through the indirect pathway, but at a much slower tempo than for naïve cells. These findings have implications for better targeting of immunosuppression to inhibit immediate and later forms of alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Golshayan
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Ge W, Jiang J, Liu W, Lian D, Saito A, Garcia B, Li XC, Wang H. Regulatory T cells are critical to tolerance induction in presensitized mouse transplant recipients through targeting memory T cells. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1760-73. [PMID: 20636455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells are a significant barrier to induction of transplant tolerance. However, reliable means to target alloreactive memory T cells have remained elusive. In this study, presensitization of BALB/c mice with C57BL/6 skin grafts generated a large number of OX40(+)CD44(hi)effector/memory T cells and resulted in rapid rejection of donor heart allografts. Recognizing that anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody (mAb) (alpha-OX40L) monotherapy prolonged graft survival through inhibition and apoptosis of memory T cells in presensitized recipients, alpha-OX40L was added to the combined treatment protocol of LF15-0195 (LF) and anti-CD45RB (alpha-CD45RB) mAb-a protocol that induced heart allograft tolerance in non-presensitized recipients but failed to induce tolerance in presensitized recipients. Interestingly, this triple therapy restored donor-specific heart allograft tolerance in our presensitized model that was associated with induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs). Of note, CD25(+) T cell depletion in triple therapy recipients prevented establishment of allograft tolerance. In addition, adoptive transfer of donor-primed effector/memory T cells into tolerant recipients markedly reduced levels of Tregs and broke tolerance. Our findings indicated that targeting memory T cells, by blocking OX40 costimulation in presensitized recipients was very important to expansion of Tregs, which proved critical to development of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ge
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Abstract
T-cell depletion strategies are an efficient therapy for the treatment of acute rejection after organ transplantation and have been successfully used as induction regimens. Although eliminating whole T cells blocks alloreactivity, this therapy challenges the development of regulatory mechanisms because it depletes regulatory cells and modifies the profile of T cells after homeostatic repopulation. Targeting T-cell subpopulations or selectively activated T cells, without modifying Treg cells, could constitute a pro-tolerogenic approach. However, the perfect molecular target that would be totally specific probably still needs to be identified. In this study, we have reviewed the biological activities of broad or specific T-cell depletion strategies as these contribute to the induction of regulatory cells and tolerance in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haudebourg
- INSERM, U643, CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, ITERT, Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes, France
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15
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Javeed A, Zhao Y. The effects of immunosuppression on regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells: impact on immunosuppression selection in transplantation. Mol Diagn Ther 2008; 12:171-81. [PMID: 18510380 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During immune response and T-cell activation, both effector T cells and regulatory T(T(reg)) cells are activated and regulated simultaneously by both positive and negative pathways. CD4(+)CD25(+) T(reg) cells play a critical role in immune tolerance to self antigens as well as to allografts in some transplant settings. Effective immunosuppressive regimens significantly reduced the incidence of acute allograft rejection in patients following organ transplantation. However, the impact of immunosuppressive treatment on the potential induction of transplant tolerance has not been well determined. In this review we summarize the effects of immunosuppressive reagents on CD4(+)CD25(+) T(reg) cells in order to bring attention to this issue, which may affect the choice of immunosuppressive regimen in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Javeed
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yi H, Zhang J, Zhao Y. The effects of antibody treatment on regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. Transpl Immunol 2007; 19:37-44. [PMID: 18346636 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic antibodies, at least some, possess the capacity to induce immune tolerance in experimental models with allo-grafts or autoimmune diseases. Clinical application of humanized or chimeric antibodies to treat graft rejection or autoimmune diseases is presently underway. It is now becoming clear that immune tolerance can be acquired in some cases due to the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs), especially CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs. In addition to their inhibition on immune response, some antibodies could promote tolerance induction in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases essentially through the induction of Tregs. In this manuscript, we review the recent progress on the effects of therapeutic antibodies on the development, phenotypic changes and functions of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Yi
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jen KY, Campo M, He H, Makani SS, Velasco G, Rothstein DM, Perkins DL, Finn PW. CD45RB ligation inhibits allergic pulmonary inflammation by inducing CTLA4 transcription. J Immunol 2007; 179:4212-8. [PMID: 17785861 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD45, a type I transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed on nucleated hemopoietic cells, is prominently involved in T cell activation. Ligation of CD45RB isoforms has been associated with transplant tolerance. A recent genotyping analysis of asthma indicates a correlation with CD45 splicing. In this study, we administered an anti-CD45RB mAb (aCD45) in a murine model of allergic asthma and found that CD45RB ligation decreases allergic responses. aCD45 decreases allergen-induced pulmonary eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage IL-13, IgE, and airway responses. Also, aCD45 increases the expression of CTLA4, a negative regulator of T cell activation. Furthermore, CD45RB signals no longer decrease allergic inflammation when CTLA4 is inhibited. These data support a role for CTLA4 in CD45RB-mediated inhibition of allergic inflammation. T cells and splenocytes stimulated with aCD45 exhibited increased CTLA4 levels, and analysis of CTLA4 promoter gene constructs identified a CD45RB-inducible regulatory region localized from -335 to -62 bp relative to the transcription start site. Together, these findings suggest that CD45RB signals mediate a novel role in the modulation of allergic inflammation, orchestrated by T cells through induction of CTLA4 transcription.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Base Sequence
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu Jen
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Chen G, Luke PPW, Yang H, Visser L, Sun H, Garcia B, Qian H, Xiang Y, Huang X, Liu W, Senaldi G, Schneider A, Poppema S, Wang H, Jevnikar AM, Zhong R. Anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody prolongs renal allograft survival in cynomolgus monkeys. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:27-37. [PMID: 17227555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previously, an anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to induce murine allograft tolerance. The present study was performed to assess the ability of an anti-human CD45RB mAb to prevent rejection in a monkey MHC-mismatched kidney transplant model. The recipients were allocated into the following treatment groups: (1) isotype control IgG; (2) mouse anti-human CD45RB IgG1 (6G3); (3) human-mouse chimeric anti-CD45RB-IgG1 (C6G3-IgG1); (4) human-mouse chimeric anti-CD45RB-IgG2 (C6G3-IgG2); (5) tacrolimus at a subtherapeutic dose and (6) tacrolimus and C6G3-IgG1 in combination. Monotherapy with anti-CD45RB mAb significantly prolonged renal allograft survival to a median survival of 21 days. Adding a subtherapeutic dose of tacrolimus improved the efficacy of the anti-CD45RB mAb, achieving a median survival of 85 days, whereas a subtherapeutic dose of tacrolimus alone only moderately prolonged survival to 27 days. Treatment with anti-CD45RB mAb resulted in an alteration of the CD45RB(hi) : CD45RB(lo) cell ratio in the peripheral blood. We have, for the first time, demonstrated that an anti-human CD45RB mAb (6G3) can prolong graft survival. Induction with an anti-CD45RB mAb improves the efficacy of tacrolimus in the prevention of rejection. These encouraging results indicate that an anti-CD45RB mAb may be valuable in future clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
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