1
|
Blasco-Fontecilla H, Li C, Vizcaino M, Fernández-Fernández R, Royuela A, Bella-Fernández M. A Nomogram for Predicting ADHD and ASD in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). J Clin Med 2024; 13:2397. [PMID: 38673670 PMCID: PMC11051553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To enhance the early detection of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) by leveraging clinical variables collected at child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Methods: This study included children diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD (n = 857). Three logistic regression models were developed to predict the presence of ADHD, its subtypes, and ASD. The analysis began with univariate logistic regression, followed by a multicollinearity diagnostic. A backward logistic regression selection strategy was then employed to retain variables with p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee. The models' internal validity was evaluated based on their calibration and discriminative abilities. Results: The study produced models that are well-calibrated and validated for predicting ADHD (incorporating variables such as physical activity, history of bone fractures, and admissions to pediatric/psychiatric services) and ASD (including disability, gender, special education needs, and Axis V diagnoses, among others). Conclusions: Clinical variables can play a significant role in enhancing the early identification of ADHD and ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Ciencias de la Saludy Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chao Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Ana Royuela
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
| | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Devi K P, Tewari N, O'Connell A, Srivastav S, Rajeswary A, Upadhyay AD, Haldar P, Rahul M, Mathur VP, Bansal K. Risk factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in individuals with special healthcare needs-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:91-110. [PMID: 37638637 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane-handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre-defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. CONCLUSION The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self-harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Devi K
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anne O'Connell
- Paediatric Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College (University of Dublin), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sukeshana Srivastav
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amritha Rajeswary
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Dutt Upadhyay
- Clinical Research Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Partha Haldar
- Centre of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Morankar Rahul
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goswami M, Bhardwaj S. Assessment of Traumatic Dental Injuries among Institutionalized Orphan Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:124-127. [PMID: 35528485 PMCID: PMC9016912 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Goswami
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Mridula Goswami, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 9454561952, e-mail:
| | - Sakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iverson GL, Kelshaw PM, Cook NE, Caswell SV. Middle School Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Have a Greater Concussion History. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:438-441. [PMID: 32032165 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine lifetime history of concussions in middle school student athletes who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Nine middle schools in Virginia, USA. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1037 middle school students (ages 11-14 years, M = 12.6, SD = 0.93; 45.8% girls) underwent baseline/preseason assessments during the 2017 to 2018 academic year and self-reported their health history, including whether or not they had been diagnosed with ADHD. Athletes were divided into 2 groups, those with ADHD (n = 71; 6.8%) and control subjects (n = 966). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Self-reported diagnosis of ADHD and self-identified sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported concussion history. RESULTS In the total sample, boys were more likely to report a previous history of concussion than girls [χ2(1) = 10.81, P = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-2.85]. The rate of previous concussion in children with ADHD (23.9%) was twice the rate of previous concussion among children without ADHD (11.4%) [χ2(1) = 9.70, P = 0.002; OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.37-4.38]. Approximately 1 in 4 boys with ADHD (24.5%) and 1 in 5 girls with ADHD (22.2%) reported having sustained one or more previous concussions. CONCLUSIONS Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with a greater prevalence of previous concussion in middle school children. Further research is needed to understand the risk of sustaining concussion for young athletes with ADHD, as well as short- and long-term outcomes of concussion among young athletes with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, and MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia M Kelshaw
- College of Education and Human Development, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia; and
| | - Nathan E Cook
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Spaulding Research Institute, and MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shane V Caswell
- Athletic Training Education Program, Sports Medicine Assessment, Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize the literature and conduct a gap analysis on the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and clinical outcome from sport-related concussion. METHOD The electronic search for this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019128281) was conducted in February 2019 using terms related to concussion, sports/athletics, and predictors/modifiers of outcome to search the PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies evaluated the association between ADHD and outcome from sport-related concussion. Of 4014 studies screened, 359 full-text articles were reviewed, with 14 studies ultimately included, involving 3623 participants (n = 359 [9.9%] with ADHD). RESULTS Study samples were primarily from specialty medical clinics (57.1%) and high school or college athletic groups (28.6%). Only 2 studies reported a statistically significant association between ADHD and worse clinical outcome. Of these, 1 included 13 participants with ADHD and the other included only 8 participants with ADHD. Only 1 previous study in this review was designed specifically to examine ADHD and prolonged concussion recovery, and that study did not report a statistically significant association. CONCLUSION There is not a clear association between ADHD and worse clinical outcome from concussion. However, eligible studies had limitations in research design, and nearly all studies were underpowered and evaluated the association between ADHD and concussion outcome as a secondary focus rather than the primary research question, precluding definitive conclusions. The association between ADHD and clinical outcomes remains unclear, and future research specifically examining ADHD and concussion recovery is needed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Iverson GL, Wojtowicz M, Brooks BL, Maxwell BA, Atkins JE, Zafonte R, Berkner PD. High School Athletes With ADHD and Learning Difficulties Have a Greater Lifetime Concussion History. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1095-1101. [PMID: 27431932 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716657410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Examine lifetime history of concussions in adolescents who have developmental problems in comparison with those with no developmental problems. Method: Thirty-two thousand four hundred eighty-seven adolescent athletes completed baseline/pre-season evaluations. Based on self-reported histories, athletes were divided into four groups: ADHD only, ADHD and learning difficulties (LD), LD only, and controls. Results: Athletes with ADHD, LD, or ADHD plus LD reported a greater prevalence of prior concussions than athletes without these developmental conditions (ps < .05). When adjusting for sex differences in concussion prevalence rates (boys are greater than girls), there was an increase in prevalence of prior injuries in those with ADHD, and ADHD plus learning difficulties compared with those with LD only. This pattern was found for both girls and boys. There was no additive effect of having both conditions. Conclusion: Developmental conditions in adolescent athletes, such as ADHD and learning difficulties, are associated with a greater prevalence rate of prior concussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, USA.,Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, USA
| | - Magdalena Wojtowicz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, USA.,Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, USA
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Ross Zafonte
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, USA.,Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review investigated the oral health of children with ADHD. Method: A structured search strategy was performed on five electronic databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, COCHRANE, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Studies were included in the review if they reported clinical oral health outcomes on a population diagnosed with ADHD under the age of 18 years old. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on pooled prevalence and mean/median values for caries, trauma, periodontal problems, and tooth wear. Results: Twenty-seven effective articles were reviewed by two calibrated assessors. Meta-analysis of the results found higher mean number of decayed surfaces, plaque index, and trauma prevalence among children with ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD show increased risk for caries and traumatic dental injuries, and may have poorer oral hygiene compared with children without ADHD. More awareness among clinicians would promote better caries- and trauma-preventive advice and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Si-Min Peng
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silveira ALNDMES, Magno MB, Soares TRC. The relationship between special needs and dental trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol 2019; 36:218-236. [PMID: 31724811 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Understanding the risk factors for dental injuries is essential to develop prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether people with special needs (SN) have a higher incidence of traumatic dental injury (TDI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic searches were performed with no language or date restrictions in the following databases: PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Open Gray. According to the PECOS strategy, observational studies that investigated subjects with and without SN and its association with TDI episodes were included. Quality assessment and bias control were carried out according to Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed by sub-grouping studies according to the type of SN, with the odds ratio (OR) also being calculated (P ≤ .05). The evidence was quality tested using the GRADE approach. RESULTS After titles and abstracts were examined, and full texts were read, 28 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 27 in the meta-analysis. Three studies were classified with high methodological quality and the others had methodological problems. No associations were determined between TDI and autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy and mental disability (OR 1.12 [0.70, 1.78], OR 1.28 [0.13, 12.27] and OR 1.04 [0.20, 5.35], respectively, P > .05). A positive association (P < .05) was found between TDI and hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, 21 trisomy, various conditions of SN and in pooled results (OR 2.67 [1.22, 5.87], OR 1.89 [1.06, 3.37], OR 6.18 [2.24, 17.05], OR 1.69 [1.18, 2.41], OR 1.61 [1.16; 2.22], respectively).The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. CONCLUSIONS In general, people with SN had a higher chance of having TDI with very low certainty of evidence. People with ADHD and cerebral palsy had a higher chance of TDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Post Doctoral Research of Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Rodrigues Campos Soares
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Post Doctoral Research of Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) or tooth trauma have a global prevalence of 10-15%. These are often the cause of first visit to emergency room. Prognosis of teeth after injury is dependent on type of TDI, emergency treatment and time elapsed till definitive care. The low level of awareness among general public and medical practitioners often leads to delay in seeking treatment which often leads to pain, severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Pediatricians can play a significant role in identification of TDI, health advise, emergency care and referral to dentists. This paper highlights the important features to be noted in children with history of TDI and the key steps which needs to be taken in these situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Tewari
- Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães AT, de Araujo MR, Pizzatto E. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:543-547. [PMID: 32440072 PMCID: PMC7229396 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods Two groups were selected: a test group comprising 51 individuals with ADHD and a control group with 50 individuals without ADHD, with ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. Through an intraoral clinical examination, the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index), the visible plaque index (VPI), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), bruxism, and dental traumatism were verified. A questionnaire confirmed oral hygiene supervision. Results In the test group, the average DMFT index was 3.41 while it was 2.52 in the control group (p = 0.405). The VPI in the test and control groups was 36.84% and 24.54%, respectively (p = 0.004). The GBI was 8.37% for the test group and 4.94% for the control group (p = 0.012). The DMFT index when supervised the oral hygiene by those responsible in comparison with the nonsupervision was 1.89 and 4.31, respectively, in the test group, and 1.71 and 2.94, respectively, in the control group. Conclusion These data suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD present with worse oral health conditions and need greater attention from dental professionals and those responsible for their diet and oral hygiene. Clinical significance Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs a special attention. This research brings this important issue focus on oral health. How to cite this article Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães ATB, et al. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):543–547.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar J Begnini
- Department of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João A Brancher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tb Guimarães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pizzatto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Executive function is the ability to guide behavior to achieve goals or complete tasks. This study explored the relationship between executive function, as assessed by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form Questionnaire (BRIEF® ) and incisor trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included children in the mixed dentition with recent incisor trauma (n=28) and a control group (n=30) without recent incisor trauma. Subjects' parents completed the BRIEF® , while a clinical examination assessed subjects' occlusal relationships. Parents also completed a custom questionnaire that investigated their child's medical history and daily activities. Fisher Exact and unpaired t-tests compared BRIEF® scores, occlusal characteristics, medical history, and reported daily activities of the two groups. RESULTS The trauma group had a greater percentage of participants with a Class II dental relationship (p=0.01). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to mean BRIEF® t-scores within the Global Executive Composite. There was a statistically significant difference between groups with respect to the percentage of subjects with clinically significant (≥65) BRIEF® t-scores within the Inhibit (p=0.05) and Emotional Control (p=0.02) subscales and Behavioral Regulation Index (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, gender, overbite, overjet, medical history, body mass index, or daily activities. CONCLUSIONS Children in the mixed dentition with a Class II dental relationship are at greater risk for incisor injury, as well as those involved in outdoor activities. Specific executive dysfunctions such as impulsivity and poor emotional control may increase the risk for incisor trauma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceib Phillips
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margot Stein
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorne D Koroluk
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Batayneh OB, Owais AI, Al-Saydali MO, Waldman HB. Traumatic dental injuries in children with special health care needs. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33:269-275. [PMID: 28276628 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) are at an increased risk for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) due to unique predisposing factors; moreover, their access to dental care is compromised. In Jordan, there is a need to study TDI among CSHCN to highlight their dental care needs. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, types, possible risk factors associated with TDI, and treatment-seeking behavior in CSHCN in Jordan. MATERIAL AND METHODS Children (n=959) were examined in schools/centers for CSHCN, and compared to a healthy age- and gender-matched control group. Data concerning demographics, types of trauma, risk factors associated with TDI, and treatment-seeking behavior were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and bivariate analyzes. Significance level was set at P≤.05. RESULTS Prevalence of TDI in the study group (age, 11.76±4.2 years) and control group (age 11.70±4.2 years) was (83 of 959, 8.7%) and (42 of 1010, 4.1%), respectively. TDI prevalence was highest in children with multiple disabilities (14.0%), followed by intellectual disabilities (13.1%), and cerebral palsy (12.2%). The most common type of TDI was an uncomplicated crown fracture (91.0%). Increased overjet and incompetent lips were significant risk factors associated with TDI. Reasons for not seeking treatment in the study vs control group included parental attitude and lack of dental awareness (68.1% vs 60%), difficulties getting an appointment and availability of dental clinics willing to see CSHCN (36.2% vs 0%), P≤.01, and financial reasons (31.9% vs 40%). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of TDI was higher in CSHCN, and associated with increased overjet and incompetent lips. Uncomplicated crown fracture was the most common injury. In both groups, the main reason for not seeking treatment was lack of dental awareness among parents/caregivers; however, difficulties in getting an appointment and availability of dental clinics willing to see children were more prominent in the CSHCN group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Arwa I Owais
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Majd O Al-Saydali
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - H Barry Waldman
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chau YCY, Lai KYC, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Oral health of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 125:49-54. [PMID: 28035689 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed and compared oral health and oral-health behaviours among children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study included 31 children, 12-18 yr of age, with ADHD and 31 age- and gender-matched children without ADHD. Clinical data were recorded by a trained and calibrated examiner for caries, traumatic dental injuries, periodontal health, tooth wear, and salivary function. A questionnaire was also given to parents or caregivers about the oral health habits and behaviours of these children. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U-tests and chi-square tests. No significant differences were found between children, with or without ADHD, in caries extent or prevalence, dental trauma prevalence, prevalence of periodontal disease or plaque, tooth wear, or unstimulated salivary flow. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher percentage of sites with gingival bleeding, as well as a higher frequency of parent-reported dislike of dentists, bruxism, history of assisted toothbrushing, and toothbrushing duration <1 min. They also had higher attendance at government dental clinics. The findings indicate that children with ADHD have poorer oral hygiene and more adverse oral-health attitudes and behaviours than do children without ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C Y Chau
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iverson GL, Atkins JE, Zafonte R, Berkner PD. Concussion History in Adolescent Athletes with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:2077-2080. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant L. Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sport Concussion Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Home Base Program, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Paul D. Berkner
- Health Services and Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sabuncuoglu O, Irmak MY. The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder model for traumatic dental injuries: a critical review and update of the last 10 years. Dent Traumatol 2016; 33:71-76. [PMID: 27748049 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 10 years since the proposal of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model as an explanatory construct for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children. The aim of this review was to address developments in the study of the issue after 2005-2016. A systematic literature search covering the period from 2005 to 2016 was conducted on PubMed, the Cochrane library and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Fourteen studies exploring the relationship between ADHD and TDIs from 2005 and onward (including the proposal paper) were identified. Of the 12 controlled studies, nine reported confirming findings for a link with ADHD in the occurrence of TDIs. More than one-third of all children with ADHD may suffer from TDIs. In ADHD children, the most common types of injury were uncomplicated/complicated crown fractures and subluxation of maxillary central incisors resulting from falls and collisions. There is also evidence that ADHD represents an independent risk factor other than the well-established risk factor of incisor overjet. Over the last 10 years, convincing evidence has accumulated that ADHD is an important and common risk factor for TDIs. Increased awareness and side-by-side work of medical, dental and mental professionals at both clinical and research settings are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yasin Irmak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kasimpasa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amiri S, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Nazari S, Ranjbar F, Abdi S. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Inj Violence Res 2016; 9:95-105. [PMID: 28554188 PMCID: PMC5556632 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v9i2.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study systematically reviewed the literature in order to determine the effect of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on injuries and assessed the magnitude of the potential association. Methods: A systematic review of the studies examining the association of ADHD and injuries was carried out across multiple databases. Odds ratios and standardized mean differences were pooled. Results: A total of 35 studies were selected for quantitative analysis. The association of ADHD and injuries was confirmed over the meta-analysis of eligible studies. The odds ratio pooled over all comparative studies was 1.96(95% CI: 1.6-2.4) using random effects model. Pooled odds ratio of 2.1 and 2.17 were calculated respectively when cohort and case-control studies or just cohort studies were included. The pooled odds ratio reduced to 1.8(CI:1.45-2.3) when studies on specific injuries were removed. For studies comparing scores of rating scales, the pooled standardized mean difference was 0.61(95% CI: 0.03-1.2). Conclusions: Those with ADHD are nearly two times more likely to be injured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics & Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mota-Veloso I, Soares MEC, Homem MA, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ramos-Jorge J. Signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for traumatic dental injury among schoolchildren: a case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:471-476. [PMID: 26774707 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) is important to the implementation of preventive measures. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and TDI. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control (1 : 1) study involved a population-based sample of 230 schoolchildren aged seven to 12 years. The case and control groups were composed of children with (n = 115) and without (n = 115) TDI, respectively. The groups were matched for age and sex. The outcome variable (TDI) was detected using the O'Brien criteria. The main independent variable (signs of ADHD) was evaluated using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham scale (version IV) administered to parents and teachers. Socio-demographic characteristics and accentuated overjet were analyzed as confounding factors. Statistical analysis involved the McNemar's test as well as the bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The multivariate regression demonstrated that schoolchildren with the signs of hyperactivity (parental reports) had a 2.33-fold greater chance of exhibiting TDI (95% CI: 1.10-4.94) than those without this condition, as well as those with accentuated overjet (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.70-5.77). CONCLUSION Schoolchildren whose parents reported signs suggestive of hyperactivity had a greater chance of exhibiting TDI than those without such signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mota-Veloso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza C Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alexandre Homem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva Marques
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oldin A, Lundgren J, Norén JG, Robertson A. Temperamental and socioeconomic factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0-17 years in the Swedish BITA study. Dent Traumatol 2015; 31:361-7. [PMID: 25962323 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to identify individual risk factors for traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among Swedish children aged 0-17 years. The studied risk factors were temperamental reactivity of the child, family structure, parent's country of birth, and the socioeconomic status of the family represented by parental education and occupation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 2363 children in four different age cohorts at 12 public dental service clinics in Sweden, representing different types of demographic areas, both rural and urban. Data were collected from parents and children through an interview and questionnaires. RESULTS The more social and active children in the two older age cohorts showed less occasions of TDI. Having one parent/guardian protected the child from dental injury just as well as two parents/guardians. Parents born outside of the Nordic countries showed children with less TDI. Low parental education was related to more occasions of TDI among the children. CONCLUSIONS This study has increased the knowledge on certain individual risk factors for TDI. To prevent dental injuries, information could be given to families and children at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oldin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lundgren
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen G Norén
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Robertson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vaz VT, Presoto CD, Jordão KC, Paleari AG, Dantas AA, Segalla JC, de Oliveira Junior OB. Fragment reattachment after atypical crown fracture in maxillary central incisor. Case Rep Dent 2014; 2014:231603. [PMID: 25610663 DOI: 10.1155/2014/231603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Fracture by trauma is one of the most common types of dental injury in the permanent dentition among children and teenagers. Aim. The aim of this study was to report the treatment performed to an atypical dental trauma case in a maxillary central incisor of a young patient by means of reattachment of the tooth fragment.
Case Description. A 12-year-old male patient suffered a vertical crown fracture to the maxillary right central incisor. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a conservative restorative treatment which consisted in the reattachment of the tooth fragment with flow resin was performed in order to preserve the dental element and to obtain maximum aesthetics. Conclusion. The reattachment of fractured fragment is a fast and easy technique that can be used successfully as an option to restore dental element which suffered trauma. Clinical Significance. This technique restores the aesthetics and function of the dental element with minimal discomfort to the patient.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hergüner A, Erdur AE, Başçiftçi FA, Herguner S. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2014; 31:140-3. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Hergüner
- Konya Training and Research Hospital; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic; Konya Turkey
| | - Aybuke Emire Erdur
- Department of Orthodontis; Selcuk University; Faculty of Dentistry; Konya Turkey
| | | | - Sabri Herguner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Necmettin Erbakan University; Meram Faculty of Medicine; Konya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pani SC, Hillis H, Chaballout T, Al Enazi W, AlAttar Y, Aboramadan M. Knowledge and attitude of Saudi teachers of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder towards traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2013; 30:222-6. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Chandra Pani
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry; Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannan Hillis
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wedad Al Enazi
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Youmna AlAttar
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Aboramadan
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kang JH, Lin HC, Chung SD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased the risk of injury: a population-based follow-up study. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:640-3. [PMID: 23647526 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the frequency and risk for injury among children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Taiwan through a population-based study. METHODS A total of 3616 subjects aged between four and twelve years diagnosed with ADHD were selected along with a comparison cohort comprising 18 080 subjects. Each subject was individually traced for a three-year period from their index date to identify those subjects who subsequently received a diagnosis of injury. We used stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions to examine the three-year injury-free survival rates between the two cohorts. RESULTS Of the subjects, the incidence rate of injury during the three-year follow-up period was 7.97 (95% CI = 7.45-8.51) and 5.36 (95% CI = 5.17-5.56) for the study and comparison cohort, respectively. After adjusting for geographic region, the hazard ratio (HR) of injury for subjects with ADHD was 1.64 (95% CI = 1.50-1.79) that of comparison subjects. In addition, we found children with ADHD aged between four and 6 years to demonstrate a greater HR (1.98, 95% CI = 1.72-2.28) than those aged between seven and twelve (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.31-1.63). CONCLUSIONS Children with ADHD appear to be at a higher risk for injury than children that are not diagnosed with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Horng Kang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- School of Health Care Administration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Dong Chung
- School of Health Care Administration; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sabuncuoglu O. Understanding the relationships between breastfeeding, malocclusion, ADHD, sleep-disordered breathing and traumatic dental injuries. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:315-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
24
|
Reinhardt MC, Reinhardt CA. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, and risk situations. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
25
|
Reinhardt MC, Reinhardt CAU. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, comorbidities, and risk situations. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013; 89:124-30. [PMID: 23642421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent, and its symptoms often represent a significant public health problem; thus, the aim of this study was to verify emergency situations caused by certain comorbidities, or by exposing the patient to a higher risk of accidents. DATA SOURCE A literature search was carried out in the PubMed database between the years 1992 and 2012, using the key words "adhd", "urgency", "comorbidity", "substance disorder", "alcohol", "eating disorder", "suicide", "trauma", "abuse", "crime", "internet", "videogame", "bullying", and their combinations. The selection considered the most relevant articles according to the scope of the proposed topic, performed in a non-systematic way. DATA SYNTHESIS Several situations were observed in which ADHD is the most relevant psychiatric diagnosis in relation to its urgency, such as the risk of accidents, suicide risk and addition, exposure to violence, or risk of internet abuse or sexual abuse; or when ADHD is the most prevalent comorbidity and is also correlated with emergency situations, such as in bipolar and eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS The results show several comorbidities and risk situations involving the diagnosis of ADHD, thus reinforcing the importance of their identification for the adequate treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Turkistani J, Hanno A. Recent trends in the management of dentoalveolar traumatic injuries to primary and young permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2011; 27:46-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Despite public health measures to prevent childhood injuries, the incidence of pediatric fractures is increasing. This fracture incidence is dependent on many demographic factors, the various contributors to bone health, and an individual's risk-taking behavior. Although traditional play activities continue to be the prevalent causes for fractures, there is an evolving array of new sport and recreation activities that carry significant fracture risk. The following review article outlines the developing epidemiology of pediatric fractures by analyzing some of the individual risk factors that influence fracture incidence as well as the variety of activities that are associated with these fractures.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Pessah S, Montluc N, Bailleul-Forestier I, Decosse MH. [Orthodontic treatment of children suffering from attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD)]. Orthod Fr 2009; 80:331-8. [PMID: 19726026 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2009024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful orthodontic treatment requires the child's cooperation. Yet how can this be achieved when this cooperation is compromised by a neurobehavioural disorder: the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? This disorder, slightly tracked down, common in children, leads to hyperactivity, impulsiveness and a short attention span. The objective of this survey is to compare the challenges of conducting orthodontic treatment on children who have or have not been diagnosed and treated by a multi-disciplinary medical team. The data of this survey was collected from orthodontists in Paris and Strasbourg, and from graduate orthodontics students. The orthodontic treatment of 30 children (25 males and 5 females) between 8 and 15 years, affected by ADHD (half have been diagnosed and treated by a multi-disciplinary team) are compared to 30 control subjects. The results highlight the therapeutic difficulties (with behavior, attention span, cooperation, hygiene and dental trauma) encountered with children affected by ADHD (especially those who did not benefit from multidisciplinary follow up) compared to control population. In conclusion, hyperactive children present more challenges during an orthodontic treatment compared to a control population. Nevertheless, the treatment is easier when children are diagnosed and treated multimodally. Further studies are required on a wider population to confirm the differences in therapeutic difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pessah
- Département d'Orthodontie, Hôpital Garancière, Université Paris VII Denis-Diderot, 5 rue Garancière, 75006 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jorge KO, Moysés SJ, e Ferreira EF, Ramos-Jorge ML, de Araújo Zarzar PMP. Prevalence and factors associated to dental trauma in infants 1-3 years of age. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25:185-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
|
33
|
Bimstein E, Wilson J, Guelmann M, Primosch R. Oral characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Special Care in Dentistry 2008; 28:107-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2008.00021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) constitute a major cause of morbidity among children worldwide. Both TDIs and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent conditions with similar male-to-female predominance and similar age of presentation. While the commonest causes of TDIs have been identified as playground or sports accidents, a well-known feature of ADHD is accident proneness. Violence, another significant risk factor for TDIs, is more likely to be observed in conduct disorder, a common comorbidity of ADHD. Also, both TDIs and ADHD have been found to be associated with left-handedness. The presence of multiple dental trauma episodes (MDTE), as well as increased risk for non-dental injuries in children with TDIs indicates an underlying persistent condition, which resembles ADHD. Higher point prevalence of mental distress at age 30, found to be associated with increased lifetime prevalence of TDIs, may also be taken as an evidence of a background developmental disorder persisting into adulthood with various comorbidities. In conclusion, this review combines the results of several studies and explains the significance of ADHD as an underlying and predisposing factor for TDIs. Increased awareness and close collaboration between different disciplines involved are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schlack R, Hölling H, Kurth BM, Huss M. Die Prävalenz der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2007; 50:827-35. [PMID: 17514469 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-007-0246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cardinal symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Etiologically, ADHD is mainly put down to genetic causes; it entails a considerable range of psychosocial problems for those affected and their social environment. The parents of a total of 7,569 boys (B) and 7,267 girls (G) aged 3-17 who took part in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) answered a self-administered questionnaire including an ADHD diagnosis question and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In addition behavioural observations of 7,919 children (aged 3-11) were carried out during the medical and physical tests. Participants whose parents reported that they had ever been given an ADHD diagnosis by a doctor or psychologist were classified as ADHD cases. Participants were classified as suspected cases of ADHD if they had a value of > or =7 on the SDQ inattention/hyperactivity scale. ADHD had ever been diagnosed in 4.8 % of the children and adolescents altogether (B: 7.7 %, G: 1.8 %). Another 4.9 % of the participants can be considered as suspected cases. Already 1.8 % of the preschoolers had been given an ADHD diagnosis. At primary school age (7-10 years old) the frequency of diagnosis rises sharply. At age 11-17, ADHD had ever been diagnosed in 1 in 10 boys and 1 in 43 girls. ADHD had been diagnosed significantly more frequently among participants of low socio-economic status (SES) than among participants of high SES. A diagnosis of ADHD is reported less often for migrants, they rank more frequently among the suspected cases. The discrepancy between confirmed and suspected cases of ADHD among migrants may point to lower diagnosis rates or lower utilization of medical services. The short- and long-term medical, social and health-economic effects of ADHD illustrate the major public health relevance of the disorder. As for prevention, the high share of genetic factors in ADHD etiology primarily suggests secondary prevention (early support and early diagnosis) and tertiary prevention measures. Further analysis of the KiGGS data could prospectively identify risk groups more precisely and refine preventional approaches.
Collapse
|