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Wu S, Wang J, Fu Z, Familiari G, Relucenti M, Aschner M, Li X, Chen H, Chen R. Matairesinol Nanoparticles Restore Chemosensitivity and Suppress Colorectal Cancer Progression in Preclinical Models: Role of Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1970-1980. [PMID: 36802650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic-driven lipogenic metabolism is a common hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic reprogramming. Herein, the metabolic profiles in the plasma between CRC patients and paired healthy controls were compared using metabolomics assays. Matairesinol downregulation was evident in CRC patients, and matairesinol supplementation significantly represses CRC tumorigenesis in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) colitis-associated CRC mice. Matairesinol rewired lipid metabolism to improve the therapeutic efficacy in CRC by inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative damage and blunting ATP production. Finally, matairesinol-loaded liposomes significantly promoted the enhanced antitumor activity of 5-Fu/leucovorin combined with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in CDX and PDX mouse models by restoring chemosensitivity to the FOLFOX regimen. Collectively our findings highlight matairesinol-mediated lipid metabolism reprogramming as a novel druggable strategy to restore CRC chemosensitivity, and this nanoenabled approach for matairesinol will improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy with good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Wu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Medical and Legal Locomotive Apparatus, Section of Human Anatomy Via Alfonso Borelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma 5000161, Italia
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma 5000161, Italia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
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2
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Chung KJ, Legaki AI, Papadopoulos G, Gercken B, Gebler J, Schwabe RF, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Analysis of the Role of Stellate Cell VCAM-1 in NASH Models in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. Fibrosis is mediated by hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and their differentiation into activated myofibroblasts; the latter process is also promoted by inflammation. Here we studied the role of the pro-inflammatory adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in HSCs in NASH. VCAM-1 expression was upregulated in the liver upon NASH induction, and VCAM-1 was found to be present on activated HSCs. We therefore utilized HSC-specific VCAM-1-deficient and appropriate control mice to explore the role of VCAM-1 on HSCs in NASH. However, HSC-specific VCAM-1-deficient mice, as compared to control mice, did not show a difference with regards to steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in two different models of NASH. Hence, VCAM-1 on HSCs is dispensable for NASH development and progression in mice.
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3
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Modanwal S, Maurya AK, Mishra SK, Mishra N. Development of QSAR model using machine learning and molecular docking study of polyphenol derivatives against obesity as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35947118 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries and developing countries, obesity/overweight is considered a major problem, in fact, it is now recognized as a major metabolic disorder. Additionally, obesity is connected with other metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, some types of cancer, etc. Therefore, the development of novel drugs/medications for obesity is essential. The best target for treating obesity is Pancreatic Lipase (PL), it breaks 50-70% triglycerides into monoglycerol and free fatty acids.The major aim of this in silico study is to generate a QSAR model by using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and to inhibit pancreatic lipase by polyphenol derivatives mainly flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites shows good inhibitory activity against PL, maybe with less unpleasant side effects.In this in silico study, a potent inhibitor was found through calculating drug likness, QSAR (Quantitative structure-activity relationship) and molecular docking. The docking was performed in Maestro 12.0 and the ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties (drug-likeness) of compounds/ligands were predicted by the Qikprop module of Maestro 12.0. The QSAR model was developed to show the relationship between the chemical/structural properties and the compound's biological activity. We have found the best interaction between pancreatic lipase and flavonoids. The best docked compound is Epigallocatechin 3,5,-di-O-gallate with docking score -10.935 kcal/mol .All compounds also show drug-likeness activity.The developed model has satisfied all internal and external validation criteria and has square correlation coefficient (r2) 0.8649, which shows its predictive ability and has good acceptability, predictive ability, and statistical robustness.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Modanwal
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Maurya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Kumar Mishra
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Moustakas II, Katsarou A, Legaki AI, Pyrina I, Ntostoglou K, Papatheodoridi AM, Gercken B, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Koutsilieris M, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatic Senescence Accompanies the Development of NAFLD in Non-Aged Mice Independently of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3446. [PMID: 33810566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is considered to be a cardinal player in several chronic inflammatory and metabolic pathologies. The two dominant mechanisms of senescence include replicative senescence, predominantly depending on age-induced telomere shortening, and stress-induced senescence, triggered by external or intracellular harmful stimuli. Recent data indicate that hepatocyte senescence is involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies have mainly focused on age-related senescence during NAFLD, in the presence or absence of obesity, while information about whether the phenomenon is characterized by replicative or stress-induced senescence, especially in non-aged organisms, is scarce. Herein, we subjected young mice to two different diet-induced NAFLD models which differed in the presence of obesity. In both models, liver fat accumulation and increased hepatic mRNA expression of steatosis-related genes were accompanied by hepatic senescence, indicated by the increased expression of senescence-associated genes and the presence of a robust hybrid histo-/immunochemical senescence-specific staining in the liver. Surprisingly, telomere length and global DNA methylation did not differ between the steatotic and the control livers, while malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, was upregulated in the mouse NAFLD livers. These findings suggest that senescence accompanies NAFLD emergence, even in non-aged organisms, and highlight the role of stress-induced senescence during steatosis development independently of obesity.
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6
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), a disease entity characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, is a global epidemic with approximately 25% prevalence in adults globally. CMS is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and development of diabetes. Due to its multifactorial etiology, the development of several animal models to simulate CMS has contributed significantly to the elucidation of the disease pathophysiology and the design of therapies. In this review we aimed to present the most common mouse models used in the research of CMS. We found that CMS can be induced either by genetic manipulation, leading to dyslipidemia, lipodystrophy, obesity and IR, or obesity and hypertension, or by administration of specific diets and drugs. In the last decade, the ob/ob and db/db mice were the most common obesity and IR models, whereas Ldlr-/- and Apoe-/- were widely used to induce hyperlipidemia. These mice have been used either as a single transgenic or combined with a different background with or without diet treatment. High-fat diet with modifications is the preferred protocol, generally leading to increased body weight, hyperlipidemia, and IR. A plethora of genetically engineered mouse models, diets, drugs, or synthetic compounds that are available have advanced the understanding of CMS. However, each researcher should carefully select the most appropriate model and validate its consistency. It is important to consider the differences between strains of the same animal species, different animals, and most importantly differences to human when translating results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aravani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Styliani Vakrou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Cardiology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pyrina I, Chung KJ, Michailidou Z, Koutsilieris M, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Fate of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:644. [PMID: 32760729 PMCID: PMC7372115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose progenitor cells, or preadipocytes, constitute a small population of immature cells within the adipose tissue. They are a heterogeneous group of cells, in which different subtypes have a varying degree of commitment toward diverse cell fates, contributing to white and beige adipogenesis, fibrosis or maintenance of an immature cell phenotype with proliferation capacity. Mature adipocytes as well as cells of the immune system residing in the adipose tissue can modulate the function and differentiation potential of preadipocytes in a contact- and/or paracrine-dependent manner. In the course of obesity, the accumulation of immune cells within the adipose tissue contributes to the development of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the tissue. Under such circumstances, the crosstalk between preadipocytes and immune or parenchymal cells of the adipose tissue may critically regulate the differentiation of preadipocytes into white adipocytes, beige adipocytes, or myofibroblasts, thereby influencing adipose tissue expansion and adipose tissue dysfunction, including downregulation of beige adipogenesis and development of fibrosis. The present review will outline the current knowledge about factors shaping cell fate decisions of adipose progenitor cells in the context of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Katsarou A, Moustakas II, Pyrina I, Lembessis P, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. Metabolic inflammation as an instigator of fibrosis during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1993-2011. [PMID: 32536770 PMCID: PMC7267690 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i17.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive storage of fatty acids in the form of triglycerides in hepatocytes. It is most prevalent in western countries and includes a wide range of clinical and histopathological findings, namely from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. The key event for the transition from steatosis to fibrosis is the activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSC) and their differentiation to myofibroblasts. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by a plethora of immune cells, serve as essential components of the innate immune system whose function is to stimulate phagocytosis and mediate inflammation upon binding to them of various molecules released from damaged, apoptotic and necrotic cells. The activation of PRRs on hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, and other immune cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as profibrotic factors in the liver microenvironment leading to qHSC activation and subsequent fibrogenesis. Thus, elucidation of the inflammatory pathways associated with the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD may lead to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- 251 Hellenic Airforce General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Ioannis I Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Iryna Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Lembessis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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10
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Scotti L, Monteiro AFM, de Oliveira Viana J, Mendonça Junior FJB, Ishiki HM, Tchouboun EN, Santos R, Scotti MT. Multi-Target Drugs Against Metabolic Disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:402-418. [PMID: 30556507 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181217123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders are a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Metabolism is the process by which the body makes energy from proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; chemically breaking these down in the digestive system towards sugars and acids which constitute the human body's fuel for immediate use, or to store in body tissues, such as the liver, muscles, and body fat. OBJECTIVE The efficiency of treatments for multifactor diseases has not been proved. It is accepted that to manage multifactor diseases, simultaneous modulation of multiple targets is required leading to the development of new strategies for discovery and development of drugs against metabolic disorders. METHODS In silico studies are increasingly being applied by researchers due to reductions in time and costs for new prototype synthesis; obtaining substances that present better therapeutic profiles. DISCUSSION In the present work, in addition to discussing multi-target drug discovery and the contributions of in silico studies to rational bioactive planning against metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, we review various in silico study contributions to the fight against human metabolic pathologies. CONCLUSION In this review, we have presented various studies involved in the treatment of metabolic disorders; attempting to obtain hybrid molecules with pharmacological activity against various targets and expanding biological activity by using different mechanisms of action to treat a single pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alex France Messias Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil.,Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Science, State University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Hamilton M Ishiki
- University of Western Sao Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Santos
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Science, State University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
The fact that not all individuals exposed to the same environmental risk factors develop obesity supports the hypothesis of the existence of underlying genetic and epigenetic elements. There is suggestive evidence that environmental stimuli, such as dietary pattern, particularly during pregnancy and early life, but also in adult life, can induce changes in DNA methylation predisposing to obesity and related comorbidities. In this context, the DNA methylation marks of each individual have emerged not only as a promising tool for the prediction, screening, diagnosis, and prognosis of obesity and metabolic syndrome features, but also for the improvement of weight loss therapies in the context of precision nutrition. The main objectives in this field are to understand the mechanisms involved in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and featuring the nutritional and lifestyle factors implicated in the epigenetic modifications. Likewise, DNA methylation modulation caused by diet and environment may be a target for newer therapeutic strategies concerning the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Samblas
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b CIBERobn, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid , Spain.,c IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,b CIBERobn, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid , Spain.,c IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) , Pamplona , Spain.,d IMDEA, Research Institute on Food & Health Sciences , Madrid , Spain
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12
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Lu YC, Sudirman S, Mao CF, Kong ZL. Glycoprotein from Mytilus edulis extract inhibits lipid accumulation and improves male reproductive dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:369-376. [PMID: 30399571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Sabri Sudirman
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Feng Mao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan.
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Pai SA, Martis EAF, Joshi SG, Munshi RP, Juvekar AR. Plumbagin exerts antiobesity effects through inhibition of pancreatic lipase and adipocyte differentiation. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1631-1635. [PMID: 29672969 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone found in the roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Here, we report an investigation to evaluate its antiobesity activity. The preliminary binding affinity of plumbagin to human pancreatic lipase (PL) was determined using molecular docking simulation. The in vitro PL inhibitory potential and the kinetics of inhibition were studied to validate and confirm the results obtained from molecular docking. The IC50 for PL was found to be 82.08 ± 9.47 μM, and the kinetics of inhibition was found to be of the mixed type. Further, the in vivo evaluation revealed that rats treated with plumbagin 1 mg/kg showed significant decrease in serum triglycerides (TG) and area under the curve of serum TG when compared with vehicle-treated rats. It was also seen that plumbagin possessed significant antiadipogenic effect as demonstrated by reduced oil red O staining and decreased TG contents. Thus, we conclude that plumbagin is a promising molecule to combat obesity and further optimization of plumbagin to yield plumbagin analogues will result in its improved activity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Pai
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 019, India
| | - E A F Martis
- Molecular Simulations Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santa Cruz (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 098, India
| | - S G Joshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, T. N. Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Dr. A. L Nair Road, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 008, India
| | - R P Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, T. N. Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Dr. A. L Nair Road, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 008, India
| | - A R Juvekar
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 019, India
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14
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Zhong Z, Gu H, Peng J, Wang W, Johnstone BH, March KL, Farlow MR, Du Y. GDNF secreted from adipose-derived stem cells stimulates VEGF-independent angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36829-36841. [PMID: 27167204 PMCID: PMC5095042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stroma contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) promote new blood vessel formation and stabilization. These adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) promote de novo formation of vascular structures in vitro. We investigated the angiogenic factors secreted by ASC and discovered that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a key mediator for endothelial cell network formation. It was found that both GDNF alone or present in ASC-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) stimulated capillary network formation by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and such an effect was totally independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Additionally, we showed stimulation of capillary network formation by GDNF, but not VEGF, could be blocked by the Ret (rearranged during transfection) receptor antagonist RPI-1, a GDNF signaling inhibitor. Furthermore, GDNF were found to be overexpressed in cancer cells that were resistant to the anti-angiogenic treatment using the VEGF antibody. Cancer cells in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a non-nervous related cancer, highly overexpressed GDNF as compared to normal liver cells. Our data strongly suggest that, in addition to VEGF, GDNF secreted by ASC and HCC cells, may be another important factor promoting pathological neovascularization. Thus, GDNF may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC and obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Huiying Gu
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jirun Peng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China.,Ninth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Brian H Johnstone
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,VA Center for Regenerative Medicine, Indina University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yansheng Du
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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15
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Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Nourbakhsh M, Pasalar P, Emamgholipour S, Golestani A, Larijani B, Razzaghy-Azar M. Reduced gene expression of sirtuins and active AMPK levels in children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 12:167-173. [PMID: 29150224 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuins, including SIRT1 and SIRT2, are longevity-associated deacetylase enzymes that modulate metabolic homeostasis in response to the cellular energy state. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 are interrelated and share several common target pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as plasma levels of AMPK, in obese children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants included 60 children and adolescents (30 obese and 30 age- and gender-matched control subjects). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expression in PBMCs. Serum phospho-AMPK and insulin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and insulin resistance (IR) was calculated by the Homeostasis Model of Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Glucose and lipid profile were also measured. RESULTS SIRT1 gene expression and phospho-AMPK plasma levels were significantly diminished in obese subjects compared to the control group, and both SIRT1 and SIRT2 were significantly lower in obese children with IR compared to those without IR. SIRT1 expression revealed significant negative correlations with body mass index and waist circumference as well as insulin and HOMA-IR and a positive correlation with AMPK. SIRT2 negatively correlated with SIRT1 and positively correlated with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). CONCLUSION SIRT1 and SIRT2 expression and AMPK levels decrease in children with obesity and IR. Targeting SIRT1 can be valuable in preventing obesity-associated IR in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Abstract
Understanding of the neural and physiological substrates of hunger and satiety has increased rapidly over the last three decades, and pharmacological targets have already been identified for the treatment of obesity that has moved from pre-clinical screening to therapies approved by regulatory authorities. Initially, this review describes the way in which physiological signals of energy availability interact with hedonic and rewarding properties of food to modulate the neural circuitry that supports eating behaviour. This is followed by a brief account of current and promising targets for drug development and a review of the wide range of preclinical paradigms that model important influences on human eating behaviour, and can be used to guide early stages of the drug development process.
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17
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Kandaraki EA, Chatzigeorgiou A, Papageorgiou E, Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG, Koutsilieris M, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Advanced glycation end products interfere in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone signaling in human granulosa KGN cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:29-33. [PMID: 28914097 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217731288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products accumulate in the ovarian granulosa-cell layer of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Taken that the MAPK/ERK-pathway is a key regulator of oocyte maturation and function, consisting the main pathway used by the gonadotrophic hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone) to control ovulation, the present study aims to assess advanced glycation end products' interference into luteinizing hormone-and follicle stimulating hormone-signaling via the MAPK/ERK-pathway in the human granulosa KGN cell line. KGN cells were treated with luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone in the absence or presence of human glycated albumin. The specific activation of the main components of the MAPK/ERK1/2-pathway (namely c-Raf, MEK and ERK1/2) was assessed. Treatment of KGN cells with an MEK1/2-inhibitor or a blocking anti-RAGE-antibody was also performed to shed further light on the mechanism of the involvement of advanced glycation end products in luteinizing hormone and/or follicle stimulating hormone-related signaling pathways. Luteinizing hormone treatment increased p-ERK1/2 levels in human granulosa cells, while the combined treatment of luteinizing hormone and human glycated albumin provoked a decrease of p-ERK1/2 levels. A similar reducing effect was also observed for the upstream molecule phospho-cRaf upon combined treatment, while treatment with an MEK-inhibitor confirmed that the phenomenon is MAPK/ERK-pathway-dependent. Similarly, follicle stimulating hormone treatment increased p-ERK1/2 and p-MEK1/2 levels, while the combined treatment of follicle stimulating hormone and human glycated albumin downregulated their levels. Advanced glycation end products reduce the luteinizing hormone- and follicle stimulating hormone-induced ERK1/2 activation that is critical for granulosa cell mitogenesis and proliferation. Inappropriate activation of ERK1/2 in granulosa cells may block the granulosa cell differentiation pathway and/or impair follicular responses to hormones, potentially leading to ovulation failure that characterizes polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A Kandaraki
- 1 Endocrinology Department, Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athens 11526, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- 2 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Efstathia Papageorgiou
- 3 Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- 4 Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- 4 Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- 4 Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- 3 Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Babot Marquillas C, Cirillo S, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Biagi G, Pinna C, Gentilini F, Pozzo L, Longo V, Paolini M. The combined effect of Sango sprout juice and caloric restriction on metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition in an obesity model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:192-204. [PMID: 28770644 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1350940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the benefits of SSJ supplementation in obese rats with those achieved only by switching the alimentary regimen from high-fat (HFD) to the regular one (RD) in liver, ileum and prostate. Furthermore, changings in caecal chime microbiota were investigated. SSJ was administered to rats in combination with a RD (HFD-RD + SSJ). The switch from HFD to RD led to a weight loss of almost 9.8 g, and the total cholesterol was found to be significantly lower. In the HFD-RD + SSJ group, all values were improved compared with the HFD control, and the weight decrement was higher (-23.29 g) with respect to HFD-RD. HFD led to a widespread increment of oxidative stress (OS) markers in liver, ileum and prostate. SSJ has shown to improve the results achieved by the suspension of HFD and it has proven effective wherever the only switch in diet regimen failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Clara Babot Marquillas
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gina R De Nicola
- b Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA) , Bologna , Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- b Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA) , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luisa Pozzo
- d Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- d Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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19
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Abstract
Obesity is a major epidemic that poses a worldwide threat to human health, as it is also associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic intervention through weight loss drugs, accompanied by diet and exercise, is one of the options for the treatment and management of obesity. However, the only approved anti-obesity drug currently available in the market is orlistat, a synthetic inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Other anti-obesity drugs are still being evaluated at different stages of clinical trials, while some have been withdrawn due to their severe adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to look for new anti-obesity agents, especially from biological sources. Marine algae, especially seaweeds are a promising source of anti-obesity agents. Four major bioactive compounds from seaweeds which have the potential as anti-obesity agents are fucoxanthin, alginates, fucoidans and phlorotannins. The anti-obesity effects of such compounds are due to several mechanisms, which include the inhibition of lipid absorption and metabolism (e.g., fucoxanthin and fucoidans), effect on satiety feeling (e.g., alginates), and inhibition of adipocyte differentiation (e.g., fucoxanthin). Further studies, especially testing bioactive compounds in long-term human trials are required before any new anti-obesity drugs based on algal products can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wan-Loy
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Phang Siew-Moi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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20
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Zheng R, Liu C, Wang C, Zhou B, Liu Y, Pan F, Zhang R, Zhu Y. Natural Course of Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obese Subjects and the Impact of Weight Change. Nutrients 2016; 8:E430. [PMID: 27428997 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have described the characteristics of metabolically healthy individuals with excess fat in the Chinese population. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the natural course of metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MH-OW/OB) adults, and to assess the impact of weight change on developing metabolic abnormalities. During 2009–2010, 525 subjects without any metabolic abnormalities or other obesity-related diseases were evaluated and reevaluated after 5 years. The subjects were categorized into two groups of overweight/obese and normal weight based on the criteria of BMI by 24.0 at baseline. At follow-up, the MH-OW/OB subjects had a significantly increased risk of developing metabolically abnormalities compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight (MH-NW) individuals (risk ratio: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.49, p value < 0.001). In the groups of weight gain and weight maintenance, the MH-OW/OB subjects was associated with a larger increase in fasting glucose, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol comparing with MH-NW subjects. In the weight loss group, no significant difference of changes of metabolic parameters was observed between MH-OW/OB and MH-NW adults. This study verifies that MH-OW/OB are different from MH-NW subjects. Weight management is needed for all individuals since weight change has a significant effect on metabolic health without considering the impact of weight change according to weight status.
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21
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Solas M, Milagro FI, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Ramirez MJ, Martínez JA. Precision Obesity Treatments Including Pharmacogenetic and Nutrigenetic Approaches. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:575-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Takagi Y, Kinoshita K, Ozaki N, Seino Y, Murata Y, Oshida Y, Hayashi Y. Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides Exhibit Glucose Intolerance on a High-Fat Diet but Are Resistant to Obesity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138322. [PMID: 26378455 PMCID: PMC4574859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous glucagon-GFP knock-in mice (Gcggfp/gfp) lack proglucagon derived-peptides including glucagon and GLP-1, and are normoglycemic. We have previously shown that Gcggfp/gfp show improved glucose tolerance with enhanced insulin secretion. Here, we studied glucose and energy metabolism in Gcggfp/gfp mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Gcggfp/gfp and Gcggfp/+ mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or an HFD for 15–20 weeks. Regardless of the genotype, mice on an HFD showed glucose intolerance, and Gcggfp/gfp mice on HFD exhibited impaired insulin secretion whereas Gcggfp/+ mice on HFD exhibited increased insulin secretion. A compensatory increase in β-cell mass was observed in Gcggfp/+mice on HFD, but not in Gcggfp/gfp mice on the same diet. Weight gain was significantly lower in Gcggfp/gfp mice than in Gcggfp/+mice. Oxygen consumption was enhanced in Gcggfp/gfp mice compared to Gcggfp/+ mice on an HFD. HFD feeding significantly increased uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression in brown adipose and inguinal white adipose tissues of Gcggfp/gfp mice, but not of Gcggfp/+mice. Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (200 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance in Gcggfp/gfp mice and insulin content in Gcggfp/gfp and Gcggfp/+ mice was similar after liraglutide treatment. Our findings demonstrate that Gcggfp/gfp mice develop diabetes upon HFD-feeding in the absence of proglucagon-derived peptides, although they are resistant to diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takagi
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Murata
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Oshida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Systemic inflammation resulting from dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) accelerates the pathologies of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast to WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is abundant in mitochondria that produce heat by uncoupling respiratory chain process of ATP synthesis. Besides BAT's role in thermogenesis, accumulating evidence has shown that it is involved in regulating systemic metabolism. Studies have analyzed the "browning" processes of WAT as a means to combat obesity, whereas few studies have focused on the impact and molecular mechanisms that contribute to obesity-linked BAT dysfunction--a process that is associated with the "whitening" of this tissue. Compared to WAT, a dense vascular network is required to support the high energy consumption of BAT. Recently, vascular rarefaction was shown to be a significant causal factor in the whitening of BAT in mouse models. Vascular insufficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and loss in BAT and contributes to systemic insulin resistance. These data suggest that BAT "whitening," resulting from vascular dysfunction, can impact obesity and obesity-linked diseases. Conversely, agents that promote BAT function could have utility in the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Kumar SA, Magnusson M, Ward LC, Paul NA, Brown L. Seaweed supplements normalise metabolic, cardiovascular and liver responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat fed rats. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:788-805. [PMID: 25648511 DOI: 10.3390/md13020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased seaweed consumption may be linked to the lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in eastern Asia. This study investigated the responses to two tropical green seaweeds, Ulva ohnoi (UO) and Derbesia tenuissima (DT), in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (330–340 g) were fed either a corn starch-rich diet or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with 25% fructose in drinking water, for 16 weeks. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats showed the signs of metabolic syndrome leading to abdominal obesity, cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food was supplemented with 5% dried UO or DT for the final 8 weeks only. UO lowered total final body fat mass by 24%, systolic blood pressure by 29 mmHg, and improved glucose utilisation and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, DT did not change total body fat mass but decreased plasma triglycerides by 38% and total cholesterol by 17%. UO contained 18.1% soluble fibre as part of 40.9% total fibre, and increased magnesium, while DT contained 23.4% total fibre, essentially as insoluble fibre. UO was more effective in reducing metabolic syndrome than DT, possibly due to the increased intake of soluble fibre and magnesium.
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26
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Abstract
A review of the implications and causes of obesity, the status of antiobesity drugs, the mechanism of inhibition of pancreatic lipases, the biosynthesis of lipstatin and the present status of lipstatin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Maharshi Dayanand University
- Rohtak
- India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Maharshi Dayanand University
- Rohtak
- India
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