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Peng H, Rong Y, Chen D, Sun R, Huang J, Ding H, Olid C, Yan H. Anthropogenic activity and millennial climate variability affect Holocene mercury deposition of an alpine wetland near the largest mercury mine in China. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137855. [PMID: 36642145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a potentially toxic element that can be transported globally through the atmosphere, once deposited in the environment, has strong bioaccumulation and extreme toxicity in food webs, especially in wetland ecosystems. Anthropogenic Hg emissions have enhanced Hg deposition by 3-5 times since the industrial revolution, and the mining and smelting of Hg ore are important emission sources. However, the dynamics in Hg deposition around the largest Hg mine in China before the industrial revolution and their driving forces remain poorly explored. Here we reconstruct the atmospheric Hg depositional fluxes (named here Hg influx (Hginflux)) during the Holocene using a 450-cm alpine wetland sediment core taken from the Jiulongchi wetland, which is only 65 km to the Wanshan Mercury Mine. Our record shows an abrupt rapid increase in Hg concentration since 2500 cal yr BP, suggesting that Hg mining in southwest China may have started before the establishment of the Qin dynasty. Two major Hginflux peaks were found during the periods 10,000-6000 and 6000 - 3800 cal yr BP, with an increase in Hg deposition by a factor of 4-8. These two peaks are also found in other terrestrial archives from several sites across the Northern Hemisphere. We speculate that critical millennial-scale climate changes, i.e., the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO) and the Mid-Holocene Transition (MHT), were the potential triggers of these two Hginflux peaks. This study highlights the importance of climatic variability and local Hg mining in controlling atmospheric Hg deposition during the Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yimeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hanwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Carolina Olid
- UB-Geomodels Research Institute, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Haiyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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Zhao B, Castañeda IS, Salacup JM, Thomas EK, Daniels WC, Schneider T, de Wet GA, Bradley RS. Prolonged drying trend coincident with the demise of Norse settlement in southern Greenland. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm4346. [PMID: 35319972 PMCID: PMC8942370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Declining temperature has been thought to explain the abandonment of Norse settlements, southern Greenland, in the early 15th century, although limited paleoclimate evidence is available from the inner settlement region itself. Here, we reconstruct the temperature and hydroclimate history from lake sediments at a site adjacent to a former Norse farm. We find no substantial temperature changes during the settlement period but rather that the region experienced a persistent drying trend, which peaked in the 16th century. Drier climate would have notably reduced grass production, which was essential for livestock overwintering, and this drying trend is concurrent with a Norse diet shift. We conclude that increasingly dry conditions played a more important role in undermining the viability of the Eastern Settlement than minor temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhao
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Isla S. Castañeda
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Salacup
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - William C. Daniels
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gregory A. de Wet
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Raymond S. Bradley
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Abstract
A series of case studies, derived from Holocene palaeoenvironmental investigations, archaeology, and history, are used to analyze ancient natural hazards and their impact on societies. The evolution of societies is inscribed in geomorphology, as a close relationship exists between the landscape and humans. Four factors underpin disasters: time, space, type of society, and type of event. In some cases, disasters apparently caused civilization to collapse, but, in other cases, they have spawned innovations and led to more resilient societies. In the face of landscape change, our modern society should not be lured by technology and globalization, as these could become more sources of vulnerability than of prevention and mitigation. Changes always have a cost. Civilizations have always had difficulties coping with the element of surprise in a hazard; this will remain uncontrollable. If a natural hazard occurs in a restricted area of the planet, its impact may be felt worldwide due to our current great interconnectedness.
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Delwaide A, Asselin H, Arseneault D, Lavoie C, Payette S. A 2233-year tree-ring chronology of subarctic black spruce ( Picea mariana): growth forms response to long-term climate change. Écoscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1952014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Delwaide
- Département de Géographie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo Asselin
- École d’études Autochtones, Université du Québec En Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’études Nordiques, Université du Québec À Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Lavoie
- École Supérieure d’aménagement du Territoire Et de Développement Régional, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Payette
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’études Nordiques, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Prater C, Bullard JE, Osburn CL, Martin SL, Watts MJ, Anderson NJ. Landscape Controls on Nutrient Stoichiometry Regulate Lake Primary Production at the Margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Ecosystems. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlobal change is reshaping the physical environment and altering nutrient dynamics across the Arctic. These changes can affect the structure and function of biological communities and influence important climate-related feedbacks (for example, carbon (C) sequestration) in biogeochemical processing hot spots such as lakes. To understand how these ecosystems will respond in the future, this study examined recent (< 10 y) and long-term (1000 y) shifts in autotrophic production across paraglacial environmental gradients in SW Greenland. Contemporary lake temperatures and light levels increased with distance from the ice sheet, along with dissolved organic C (DOC) concentrations and total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios. Diatom production measured as biogenic silica accumulation rates (BSiARs) and diatom contribution to microbial communities declined across these gradients, while total production estimated using C accumulation rates and δ13C increased, indicating that autochthonous production and C burial are controlled by microbial competition and competitive displacement across physiochemical gradients in the region. Diatom production was generally low across lakes prior to the 1800’s AD but has risen 1.5–3× above background levels starting between 1750 and 1880 AD. These increases predate contemporary regional warming by 115–250 years, and temperature stimulation of primary production was inconsistent with paleorecords for ~ 90% of the last millennium. Instead, primary production appeared to be more strongly related to N and P availability, which differs considerably across the region due to lake landscape position, glacial activity and degree of atmospheric nutrient deposition. These results suggest that biological responses to enhanced nutrient supply could serve as important negative feedbacks to global change.
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Ólafsdóttir GÁ, Edvardsson R, Timsic S, Harrison R, Patterson WP. A millennium of trophic stability in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): transition to a lower and converging trophic niche in modern times. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12681. [PMID: 34135440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analyses of zooarchaeological material can be used to examine ecological variability in exploited species at centennial to millennial scales. Climate change is a notable driver of marine ecosystem change, although historical fishing is also likely to have impacted past marine systems. Fishing removes the oldest and largest individuals and may thereby result in shorter trophic pathways and reduced niche width of predatory fish species. In the current study we examine the trophic niche of Atlantic cod, haddock and Atlantic wolffish, in the last millennium using δ13C and δ15N values of bone collagen. We report a lower trophic level of Atlantic cod and haddock but higher level of wolffish in present times, following centuries at consistent and higher trophic levels of Atlantic cod. This results in a concurrent converging trophic niche of the demersal fish. We suggest that the current data set provides a valuable historical baseline facilitating interpretation of current variability in the trophic ecology of northern demersal fish.
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Buizert C, Fudge TJ, Roberts WHG, Steig EJ, Sherriff-Tadano S, Ritz C, Lefebvre E, Edwards J, Kawamura K, Oyabu I, Motoyama H, Kahle EC, Jones TR, Abe-Ouchi A, Obase T, Martin C, Corr H, Severinghaus JP, Beaudette R, Epifanio JA, Brook EJ, Martin K, Chappellaz J, Aoki S, Nakazawa T, Sowers TA, Alley RB, Ahn J, Sigl M, Severi M, Dunbar NW, Svensson A, Fegyveresi JM, He C, Liu Z, Zhu J, Otto-Bliesner BL, Lipenkov VY, Kageyama M, Schwander J. Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum. Science 2021; 372:1097-1101. [PMID: 34083489 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Water-stable isotopes in polar ice cores are a widely used temperature proxy in paleoclimate reconstruction, yet calibration remains challenging in East Antarctica. Here, we reconstruct the magnitude and spatial pattern of Last Glacial Maximum surface cooling in Antarctica using borehole thermometry and firn properties in seven ice cores. West Antarctic sites cooled ~10°C relative to the preindustrial period. East Antarctic sites show a range from ~4° to ~7°C cooling, which is consistent with the results of global climate models when the effects of topographic changes indicated with ice core air-content data are included, but less than those indicated with the use of water-stable isotopes calibrated against modern spatial gradients. An altered Antarctic temperature inversion during the glacial reconciles our estimates with water-isotope observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Buizert
- College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - T J Fudge
- Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William H G Roberts
- Geographical and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Eric J Steig
- Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sam Sherriff-Tadano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | - Catherine Ritz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Lefebvre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Jon Edwards
- College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kenji Kawamura
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Marine Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ikumi Oyabu
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Emma C Kahle
- Department of Earth and Space Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tyler R Jones
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ayako Abe-Ouchi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | - Takashi Obase
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | | | - Hugh Corr
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Severinghaus
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ross Beaudette
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jenna A Epifanio
- College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Edward J Brook
- College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kaden Martin
- College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Shuji Aoki
- Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takakiyo Nakazawa
- Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Todd A Sowers
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Richard B Alley
- The Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jinho Ahn
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Michael Sigl
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Institute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNR, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Nelia W Dunbar
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Earth and Environmental Science Department, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Anders Svensson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John M Fegyveresi
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Chengfei He
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Y Lipenkov
- Climate and Environmental Research Laboratory, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg 199397, Russia
| | - Masa Kageyama
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement-IPSL, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jakob Schwander
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Law R, Christoffersen P, Hubbard B, Doyle SH, Chudley TR, Schoonman CM, Bougamont M, des Tombe B, Schilperoort B, Kechavarzi C, Booth A, Young TJ. Thermodynamics of a fast-moving Greenlandic outlet glacier revealed by fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/20/eabe7136. [PMID: 33990322 PMCID: PMC8121432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of ice temperature provide crucial constraints on ice viscosity and the thermodynamic processes occurring within a glacier. However, such measurements are presently limited by a small number of relatively coarse-spatial-resolution borehole records, especially for ice sheets. Here, we advance our understanding of glacier thermodynamics with an exceptionally high-vertical-resolution (~0.65 m), distributed-fiber-optic temperature-sensing profile from a 1043-m borehole drilled to the base of Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland. We report substantial but isolated strain heating within interglacial-phase ice at 208 to 242 m depth together with strongly heterogeneous ice deformation in glacial-phase ice below 889 m. We also observe a high-strain interface between glacial- and interglacial-phase ice and a 73-m-thick temperate basal layer, interpreted as locally formed and important for the glacier's fast motion. These findings demonstrate notable spatial heterogeneity, both vertically and at the catchment scale, in the conditions facilitating the fast motion of marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Law
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Bryn Hubbard
- Centre for Glaciology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Samuel H Doyle
- Centre for Glaciology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Thomas R Chudley
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marion Bougamont
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bas des Tombe
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Bart Schilperoort
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Cedric Kechavarzi
- Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Booth
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tun Jan Young
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Becagli S, Caiazzo L, Di Iorio T, di Sarra A, Meloni D, Muscari G, Pace G, Severi M, Traversi R. New insights on metals in the Arctic aerosol in a climate changing world. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140511. [PMID: 32887016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ship traffic, population, infrastructure development, and mining activities are expected to increase in the Arctic due to its rising temperatures. This is expected to produce a major impact on aerosol composition. Metals contained in atmospheric particles are powerful markers and can be extremely helpful to gain insights on the different aerosol sources. This work aims at studying the sources of metals in the Arctic aerosol sampled at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; Greenland, 76.5°N 68.8°W). Due to the particular composition of Greenlandic soils and to properties of other sources, it was possible to find several signatures of natural and anthropogenic aerosols transported from local and long-range regions. Arctic haze (AH) at Thule builds up on long-range transported aerosol mainly from Canada and Nord America. From a chemical standpoint, this aerosol is characterized by a high concentration of sulfate, Pb, As and Cd and by a La/Ce ratio larger than 1. The Ti/Al and Fe/Al ratios in the AH aerosol are lower (Ti/Al = 0.04 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.79 w/w) than for local aerosol (Ti/Al = 0.07 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.89 w/w). Conversely, aerosol arising from coastal areas of South-West Greenland is characterized by a high concentration of V, Ni, and Cr. These metals, generally considered anthropogenic, arise here mainly from natural crustal sources. In some summer samples, however, the V/Ni ratio becomes larger than 3. In particular, cases displaying this characteristic ratio, as also shown by backward trajectories, are associated with sporadic transport to Thule of ship aerosol from ships passing through Baffin Bay and arriving to Thule during summer. Although further measurements are necessary to confirm the discussed results, the analysis carried out in this work on a large number of metals sampled in coastal Greenland aerosol is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Caiazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN sez. Firenze, Sesto F.no, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Di Iorio
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Alcide di Sarra
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muscari
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Pace
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Lapointe F, Bradley RS, Francus P, Balascio NL, Abbott MB, Stoner JS, St-Onge G, De Coninck A, Labarre T. Annually resolved Atlantic sea surface temperature variability over the past 2,900 y. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27171-8. [PMID: 33046633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic multidecadal sea surface temperature variability (AMV) strongly influences the Northern Hemisphere’s climate, including the Arctic. Here using a well-dated annually laminated lake sediment core, we show that the AMV exerts a strong influence on High-Arctic climate during the instrumental period (past ∼150 y) through atmospheric teleconnection. This highly resolved climate archive is then used to produce the first AMV reconstruction spanning the last ∼3 millennia at unprecedented temporal resolution. Our terrestrial record is significantly correlated to several sea surface temperature proxies in the Atlantic, highlighting the reliability of this record as an annual tracer of the AMV. The results show that the current warmth in sea surface temperature is unseen in the context of the past ∼3 millennia. Global warming due to anthropogenic factors can be amplified or dampened by natural climate oscillations, especially those involving sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic which vary on a multidecadal scale (Atlantic multidecadal variability, AMV). Because the instrumental record of AMV is short, long-term behavior of AMV is unknown, but climatic teleconnections to regions beyond the North Atlantic offer the prospect of reconstructing AMV from high-resolution records elsewhere. Annually resolved titanium from an annually laminated sedimentary record from Ellesmere Island, Canada, shows that the record is strongly influenced by AMV via atmospheric circulation anomalies. Significant correlations between this High-Arctic proxy and other highly resolved Atlantic SST proxies demonstrate that it shares the multidecadal variability seen in the Atlantic. Our record provides a reconstruction of AMV for the past ∼3 millennia at an unprecedented time resolution, indicating North Atlantic SSTs were coldest from ∼1400–1800 CE, while current SSTs are the warmest in the past ∼2,900 y.
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Miranda MM, Raymond J, Dezayes C. Uncertainty and Risk Evaluation of Deep Geothermal Energy Source for Heat Production and Electricity Generation in Remote Northern Regions. Energies 2020; 13:4221. [DOI: 10.3390/en13164221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Canadian off-grid communities heavily rely on fossil fuels. This unsustainable energetic framework needs to change, and deep geothermal energy can play an important role. However, limited data availability is one of the challenges to face when evaluating such resources in remote areas. Thus, a first-order assessment of the geothermal energy source is, therefore, needed to trigger interest for further development in northern communities. This is the scope of the present work. Shallow subsurface data and outcrop samples treated as subsurface analogs were used to infer the deep geothermal potential beneath the community of Kuujjuaq (Nunavik, Canada). 2D heat conduction models with time-varying upper boundary condition reproducing climate events were used to simulate the subsurface temperature distribution. The available thermal energy was inferred with the volume method. Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analyses were carried out to determine the main geological and technical uncertainties on the deep geothermal potential and risk analysis to forecast future energy production. The results obtained, although speculative, suggest that the old Canadian Shield beneath Kuujjuaq host potential to fulfill the community’s annual average heating demand of 37 GWh. Hence, deep geothermal energy can be a promising solution to support the energy transition of remote northern communities.
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12
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Lofverstrom M, Fyke JG, Thayer‐Calder K, Muntjewerf L, Vizcaino M, Sacks WJ, Lipscomb WH, Otto‐Bliesner BL, Bradley SL. An Efficient Ice Sheet/Earth System Model Spin-up Procedure for CESM2-CISM2: Description, Evaluation, and Broader Applicability. J Adv Model Earth Syst 2020; 12:e2019MS001984. [PMID: 32999702 PMCID: PMC7507768 DOI: 10.1029/2019ms001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinning up a highly complex, coupled Earth system model (ESM) is a time consuming and computationally demanding exercise. For models with interactive ice sheet components, this becomes a major challenge, as ice sheets are sensitive to bidirectional feedback processes and equilibrate over glacial timescales of up to many millennia. This work describes and demonstrates a computationally tractable, iterative procedure for spinning up a contemporary, highly complex ESM that includes an interactive ice sheet component. The procedure alternates between a computationally expensive coupled configuration and a computationally cheaper configuration where the atmospheric component is replaced by a data model. By periodically regenerating atmospheric forcing consistent with the coupled system, the data atmosphere remains adequately constrained to ensure that the broader model state evolves realistically. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by spinning up the preindustrial climate in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2), coupled to the Community Ice Sheet Model Version 2 (CISM2) over Greenland. The equilibrium climate state is similar to the control climate from a coupled simulation with a prescribed Greenland ice sheet, indicating that the iterative procedure is consistent with a traditional spin-up approach without interactive ice sheets. These results suggest that the iterative method presented here provides a faster and computationally cheaper method for spinning up a highly complex ESM, with or without interactive ice sheet components. The method described here has been used to develop the climate/ice sheet initial conditions for transient, ice sheet-enabled simulations with CESM2-CISM2 in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lofverstrom
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Jeremy G. Fyke
- Associated Engineering Group Ltd.CalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Laura Muntjewerf
- Department of Geoscience and Remote SensingDelft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - Miren Vizcaino
- Department of Geoscience and Remote SensingDelft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
| | - William J. Sacks
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - William H. Lipscomb
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Bette L. Otto‐Bliesner
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Sarah L. Bradley
- Department of Geoscience and Remote SensingDelft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands
- Department of GeographyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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13
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Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, Zhilich S. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records. Sci Data 2020; 7:115. [PMID: 32286335 PMCID: PMC7156486 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell Kaufman
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
| | - Nicholas McKay
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Cody Routson
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Michael Erb
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Basil Davis
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Heiri
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Jaccard
- University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Tierney
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christoph Dätwyler
- University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yarrow Axford
- Northwestern University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Thomas Brussel
- University of Utah, Department of Geography, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Olivier Cartapanis
- University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Brian Chase
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Andria Dawson
- Mount Royal University, Department of General Education, Calgary, T3E6K6, Canada
| | - Anne de Vernal
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Geotop-UQAM, Montréal, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Stefan Engels
- University of London, Birkbeck, Department of Geography, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Lukas Jonkers
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Jeremiah Marsicek
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geoscience, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Carrie Morrill
- University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Anais Orsi
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Kira Rehfeld
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg, 69221, Germany
| | - Krystyna Saunders
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Environment, Lucas Heights, 2234, Australia
| | - Philipp S Sommer
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- University at Buffalo, Department of Geology, Buffalo, NY, 14206, USA
| | - Marcela Tonello
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina
| | - Mónika Tóth
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Richard Vachula
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Providence, 2912, USA
| | - Andrei Andreev
- Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | | | - Boris Biskaborn
- Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam, 14473, Germany
| | - Manuel Bringué
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, AB, T2L 2A7, Canada
| | - Stephen Brooks
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Magaly Caniupán
- University of Concepcion, Department of Oceanography and COPAS Sur-Austral Program, Concepcion, 4030000, Chile
| | - Manuel Chevalier
- University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Les Cwynar
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Biology, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Julien Emile-Geay
- University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - John Fegyveresi
- Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Angelica Feurdean
- Goethe University, Department of Physical Geography, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Walter Finsinger
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Marie-Claude Fortin
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Louise Foster
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
- British Antarctic Survey, Palaeoenvironments and Ice Sheets, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Mathew Fox
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Konrad Gajewski
- University of Ottawa, Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, Ottawa, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Martin Grosjean
- University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Heinrichs
- Okanagan College, Department of Geography and Earth and Environmental Science, Kelowna, V1Y 4X8, Canada
| | - Naomi Holmes
- Sheffield Hallam University, Department of the Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Boris Ilyashuk
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Elena Ilyashuk
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Steve Juggins
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
| | - Deborah Khider
- University of Southern California, Information Sciences Institute, Marina Del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Karin Koinig
- University of Innsbruck, Department of Ecology, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Peter Langdon
- University of Southampton, School of Geography and Environmental Science, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Jianyong Li
- Northwest University, China, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an, 710027, China
| | - André Lotter
- University of Bern, Palaeoecology, Bern, CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Tomi Luoto
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Lahti, 15140, Finland
| | - Anson Mackay
- University College London, Department of Geography, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eniko Magyari
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Steven Malevich
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bryan Mark
- The Ohio State University, Department of Geography and Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Vincent Montade
- Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Larisa Nazarova
- Potsdam University, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Elena Novenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Petr Pařil
- Masaryk University, Department of Botany and Zoology, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Pearson
- Newcastle University, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17RU, UK
| | - Matthew Peros
- Bishop's University, Department of Environment and Geography, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Reinhard Pienitz
- Université Laval, Department of Geography, Center for Northern Studies, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mateusz Płóciennik
- University of Lodz, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Lodz, 90-237, Poland
| | - David Porinchu
- University of Georgia, Department of Geography, Athens, GA, 30606, USA
| | - Aaron Potito
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrew Rees
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Scott Reinemann
- Sinclair Community College, Geography Department, Dayton, OH, 45402, USA
| | - Stephen Roberts
- British Antarctic Survey, Palaeoenvironments and Ice Sheets, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Nicolas Rolland
- Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB, E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Sakari Salonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Angela Self
- The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Heikki Seppä
- University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Shyhrete Shala
- Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Barbara Stenni
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Venezia, 30172, Italy
| | - Liudmila Syrykh
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Research Laboratory of the Environmental management, St. Petersburg, 191186, Russia
| | - Pol Tarrats
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Secció Ecologia, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Karen Taylor
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Geography, Archaeology and Irish Studies, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- University College Cork, Department of Geography, Cork, Ireland
| | - Valerie van den Bos
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Gaute Velle
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, LFI, Bergen, 5008, Norway
| | - Eugene Wahl
- US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Environmental Information, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Ian Walker
- University of British Columbia, Department of Biology; Department of Earth, Environmental and Geographic Sciences, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Janet Wilmshurst
- Landcare Research, Ecosystems and Conservation, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Enlou Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Snezhana Zhilich
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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14
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Abstract
Proxy records show that before the onset of modern anthropogenic warming, globally coherent cooling occurred from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. The long memory of the ocean suggests that these historical surface anomalies are associated with ongoing deep-ocean temperature adjustments. Combining an ocean model with modern and paleoceanographic data leads to a prediction that the deep Pacific is still adjusting to the cooling going into the Little Ice Age, whereas temperature trends in the surface ocean and deep Atlantic reflect modern warming. This prediction is corroborated by temperature changes identified between the HMS Challenger expedition of the 1870s and modern hydrography. The implied heat loss in the deep ocean since 1750 CE offsets one-fourth of the global heat gain in the upper ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gebbie
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - P Huybers
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Werner M, Jouzel J, Masson-Delmotte V, Lohmann G. Reconciling glacial Antarctic water stable isotopes with ice sheet topography and the isotopic paleothermometer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3537. [PMID: 30166550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable water isotope records from Antarctica are key for our understanding of Quaternary climate variations. However, the exact quantitative interpretation of these important climate proxy records in terms of surface temperature, ice sheet height and other climatic changes is still a matter of debate. Here we report results obtained with an atmospheric general circulation model equipped with water isotopes, run at a high-spatial horizontal resolution of one-by-one degree. Comparing different glacial maximum ice sheet reconstructions, a best model data match is achieved for the PMIP3 reconstruction. Reduced West Antarctic elevation changes between 400 and 800 m lead to further improved agreement with ice core data. Our modern and glacial climate simulations support the validity of the isotopic paleothermometer approach based on the use of present-day observations and reveal that a glacial ocean state as displayed in the GLAMAP reconstruction is suitable for capturing the observed glacial isotope changes in Antarctic ice cores. Despite their importance, the accuracy of the quantitative interpretation of Antarctic ice core stable water isotope records remains a matter of debate. Here, the authors use an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model to test and validate the isotopic paleothermometer approach.
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16
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Schüpbach S, Fischer H, Bigler M, Erhardt T, Gfeller G, Leuenberger D, Mini O, Mulvaney R, Abram NJ, Fleet L, Frey MM, Thomas E, Svensson A, Dahl-Jensen D, Kettner E, Kjaer H, Seierstad I, Steffensen JP, Rasmussen SO, Vallelonga P, Winstrup M, Wegner A, Twarloh B, Wolff K, Schmidt K, Goto-Azuma K, Kuramoto T, Hirabayashi M, Uetake J, Zheng J, Bourgeois J, Fisher D, Zhiheng D, Xiao C, Legrand M, Spolaor A, Gabrieli J, Barbante C, Kang JH, Hur SD, Hong SB, Hwang HJ, Hong S, Hansson M, Iizuka Y, Oyabu I, Muscheler R, Adolphi F, Maselli O, McConnell J, Wolff EW. Greenland records of aerosol source and atmospheric lifetime changes from the Eemian to the Holocene. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 29662058 PMCID: PMC5902614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Northern Hemisphere experienced dramatic changes during the last glacial, featuring vast ice sheets and abrupt climate events, while high northern latitudes during the last interglacial (Eemian) were warmer than today. Here we use high-resolution aerosol records from the Greenland NEEM ice core to reconstruct the environmental alterations in aerosol source regions accompanying these changes. Separating source and transport effects, we find strongly reduced terrestrial biogenic emissions during glacial times reflecting net loss of vegetated area in North America. Rapid climate changes during the glacial have little effect on terrestrial biogenic aerosol emissions. A strong increase in terrestrial dust emissions during the coldest intervals indicates higher aridity and dust storm activity in East Asian deserts. Glacial sea salt aerosol emissions in the North Atlantic region increase only moderately (50%), likely due to sea ice expansion. Lower aerosol concentrations in Eemian ice compared to the Holocene are mainly due to shortened atmospheric residence time, while emissions changed little. Past climate changes in Greenland ice were accompanied by large aerosol concentration changes. Here, the authors show that by correcting for transport effects, reliable source changes for biogenic aerosol from North America, sea salt aerosol from the North Atlantic, and dust from East Asian deserts can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schüpbach
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Fischer
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Bigler
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Erhardt
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Gfeller
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Mini
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Mulvaney
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - N J Abram
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - L Fleet
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - M M Frey
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - E Thomas
- British Antarctic Survey, National Environment Research Council, High Cross Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - A Svensson
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - D Dahl-Jensen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - E Kettner
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - H Kjaer
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - I Seierstad
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - J P Steffensen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - S O Rasmussen
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - P Vallelonga
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - M Winstrup
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - A Wegner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Twarloh
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Wolff
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Schmidt
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - K Goto-Azuma
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - T Kuramoto
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu Town, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - M Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - J Uetake
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1371 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1371, USA
| | - J Zheng
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - J Bourgeois
- Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, K1A 0E8, Canada
| | - D Fisher
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Zhiheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - C Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - M Legrand
- Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40 700, 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - J Gabrieli
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - C Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Venice, via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - J-H Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Hong
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - M Hansson
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Iizuka
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Oyabu
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Muscheler
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Adolphi
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Geology, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Maselli
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - J McConnell
- Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV, 89512, USA
| | - E W Wolff
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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17
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18
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Andresen CS, Kokfelt U, Sicre MA, Knudsen MF, Dyke LM, Klein V, Kaczmar F, Miles MW, Wangner D. Exceptional 20 th century glaciological regime of a major SE Greenland outlet glacier. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13626. [PMID: 29051588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The early 2000s accelerated ice-mass loss from large outlet glaciers in W and SE Greenland has been linked to warming of the subpolar North Atlantic. To investigate the uniqueness of this event, we extend the record of glacier and ocean changes back 1700 years by analyzing a sediment core from Sermilik Fjord near Helheim Glacier in SE Greenland. We show that multidecadal to centennial increases in alkenone-inferred Atlantic Water SSTs on the shelf occurred at times of reduced solar activity during the Little Ice Age, when the subpolar gyre weakened and shifted westward promoted by atmospheric blocking events. Helheim Glacier responded to many of these episodes with increased calving, but despite earlier multidecadal warming episodes matching the 20th century high SSTs in magnitude, the glacier behaved differently during the 20th century. We suggest the presence of a floating ice tongue since at least 300 AD lasting until 1900 AD followed by elevated 20th century glacier calving due to the loss of the tongue. We attribute this regime shift to 20th century unprecedented low sea-ice occurrence in the East Greenland Current and conclude that properties of this current are important for the stability of the present ice tongues in NE Greenland.
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19
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Lecavalier BS, Fisher DA, Milne GA, Vinther BM, Tarasov L, Huybrechts P, Lacelle D, Main B, Zheng J, Bourgeois J, Dyke AS. High Arctic Holocene temperature record from the Agassiz ice cap and Greenland ice sheet evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5952-7. [PMID: 28512225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616287114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a revised and extended high Arctic air temperature reconstruction from a single proxy that spans the past ∼12,000 y (up to 2009 CE). Our reconstruction from the Agassiz ice cap (Ellesmere Island, Canada) indicates an earlier and warmer Holocene thermal maximum with early Holocene temperatures that are 4-5 °C warmer compared with a previous reconstruction, and regularly exceed contemporary values for a period of ∼3,000 y. Our results show that air temperatures in this region are now at their warmest in the past 6,800-7,800 y, and that the recent rate of temperature change is unprecedented over the entire Holocene. The warmer early Holocene inferred from the Agassiz ice core leads to an estimated ∼1 km of ice thinning in northwest Greenland during the early Holocene using the Camp Century ice core. Ice modeling results show that this large thinning is consistent with our air temperature reconstruction. The modeling results also demonstrate the broader significance of the enhanced warming, with a retreat of the northern ice margin behind its present position in the mid Holocene and a ∼25% increase in total Greenland ice sheet mass loss (∼1.4 m sea-level equivalent) during the last deglaciation, both of which have implications for interpreting geodetic measurements of land uplift and gravity changes in northern Greenland.
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Kobashi T, Menviel L, Jeltsch-Thömmes A, Vinther BM, Box JE, Muscheler R, Nakaegawa T, Pfister PL, Döring M, Leuenberger M, Wanner H, Ohmura A. Volcanic influence on centennial to millennial Holocene Greenland temperature change. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1441. [PMID: 28469185 PMCID: PMC5431187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar variability has been hypothesized to be a major driver of North Atlantic millennial-scale climate variations through the Holocene along with orbitally induced insolation change. However, another important climate driver, volcanic forcing has generally been underestimated prior to the past 2,500 years partly owing to the lack of proper proxy temperature records. Here, we reconstruct seasonally unbiased and physically constrained Greenland Summit temperatures over the Holocene using argon and nitrogen isotopes within trapped air in a Greenland ice core (GISP2). We show that a series of volcanic eruptions through the Holocene played an important role in driving centennial to millennial-scale temperature changes in Greenland. The reconstructed Greenland temperature exhibits significant millennial correlations with K+ and Na+ ions in the GISP2 ice core (proxies for atmospheric circulation patterns), and δ18O of Oman and Chinese Dongge cave stalagmites (proxies for monsoon activity), indicating that the reconstructed temperature contains hemispheric signals. Climate model simulations forced with the volcanic forcing further suggest that a series of large volcanic eruptions induced hemispheric-wide centennial to millennial-scale variability through ocean/sea-ice feedbacks. Therefore, we conclude that volcanic activity played a critical role in driving centennial to millennial-scale Holocene temperature variability in Greenland and likely beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobashi
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Renewable Energy Institute, Minato-ku, 105-0003, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Laurie Menviel
- Climate Change Research Centre and PANGEA Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bo M Vinther
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jason E Box
- Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raimund Muscheler
- Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik L Pfister
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Döring
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Wanner
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Atsumu Ohmura
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
A likely consequence of global warming will be the redistribution of Earth's rain belts, affecting water availability for many of Earth's inhabitants. We consider three ways in which planetary warming might influence the global distribution of precipitation. The first possibility is that rainfall in the tropics will increase and that the subtropics and mid-latitudes will become more arid. A second possibility is that Earth's thermal equator, around which the planet's rain belts and dry zones are organized, will migrate northward. This northward shift will be a consequence of the Northern Hemisphere, with its large continental area, warming faster than the Southern Hemisphere, with its large oceanic area. A third possibility is that both of these scenarios will play out simultaneously. We review paleoclimate evidence suggesting that (i) the middle latitudes were wetter during the last glacial maximum, (ii) a northward shift of the thermal equator attended the abrupt Bølling-Allerød climatic transition ~14.6 thousand years ago, and (iii) a southward shift occurred during the more recent Little Ice Age. We also inspect trends in seasonal surface heating between the hemispheres over the past several decades. From these clues, we predict that there will be a seasonally dependent response in rainfall patterns to global warming. During boreal summer, in which the rate of recent warming has been relatively uniform between the hemispheres, wet areas will get wetter and dry regions will become drier. During boreal winter, rain belts and drylands will expand northward in response to differential heating between the hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E. Putnam
- School of Earth and Climate Sciences and Climate Change Institute, 224 Bryand Global Sciences Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W/PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Wallace S. Broecker
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W/PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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22
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Li D, Sha L, Li J, Jiang H, Liu Y, Wu Y. Summer Sea-Surface Temperatures and Climatic Events in Vaigat Strait, West Greenland, during the Last 5000 Years. Sustainability 2017; 9:704. [DOI: 10.3390/su9050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Cuffey KM, Clow GD, Steig EJ, Buizert C, Fudge TJ, Koutnik M, Waddington ED, Alley RB, Severinghaus JP. Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14249-54. [PMID: 27911783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609132113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent glacial to interglacial transition constitutes a remarkable natural experiment for learning how Earth's climate responds to various forcings, including a rise in atmospheric CO2 This transition has left a direct thermal remnant in the polar ice sheets, where the exceptional purity and continual accumulation of ice permit analyses not possible in other settings. For Antarctica, the deglacial warming has previously been constrained only by the water isotopic composition in ice cores, without an absolute thermometric assessment of the isotopes' sensitivity to temperature. To overcome this limitation, we measured temperatures in a deep borehole and analyzed them together with ice-core data to reconstruct the surface temperature history of West Antarctica. The deglacial warming was [Formula: see text]C, approximately two to three times the global average, in agreement with theoretical expectations for Antarctic amplification of planetary temperature changes. Consistent with evidence from glacier retreat in Southern Hemisphere mountain ranges, the Antarctic warming was mostly completed by 15 kyBP, several millennia earlier than in the Northern Hemisphere. These results constrain the role of variable oceanic heat transport between hemispheres during deglaciation and quantitatively bound the direct influence of global climate forcings on Antarctic temperature. Although climate models perform well on average in this context, some recent syntheses of deglacial climate history have underestimated Antarctic warming and the models with lowest sensitivity can be discounted.
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Talghader JJ, Mah ML, Yukihara EG, Coleman AC. Thermoluminescent microparticle thermal history sensors. Microsyst Nanoeng 2016; 2:16037. [PMID: 31057831 PMCID: PMC6444729 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While there are innumerable devices that measure temperature, the nonvolatile measurement of thermal history is far more difficult, particularly for sensors embedded in extreme environments such as fires and explosions. In this review, an extensive analysis is given of one such technology: thermoluminescent microparticles. These are transparent dielectrics with a large distribution of trap states that can store charge carriers over very long periods of time. In their simplest form, the population of these traps is dictated by an Arrhenius expression, which is highly dependent on temperature. A particle with filled traps that is exposed to high temperatures over a short period of time will preferentially lose carriers in shallow traps. This depopulation leaves a signature on the particle luminescence, which can be used to determine the temperature and time of the thermal event. Particles are prepared-many months in advance of a test, if desired-by exposure to deep ultraviolet, X-ray, beta, or gamma radiation, which fills the traps with charge carriers. Luminescence can be extracted from one or more particles regardless of whether or not they are embedded in debris or other inert materials. Testing and analysis of the method is demonstrated using laboratory experiments with microheaters and high energy explosives in the field. It is shown that the thermoluminescent materials LiF:Mg,Ti, MgB4O7:Dy,Li, and CaSO4:Ce,Tb, among others, provide accurate measurements of temperature in the 200 to 500 °C range in a variety of high-explosive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Talghader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Merlin L. Mah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Adam C. Coleman
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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25
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MacGregor JA, Fahnestock MA, Catania GA, Aschwanden A, Clow GD, Colgan WT, Gogineni SP, Morlighem M, Nowicki SMJ, Paden JD, Price SF, Seroussi H. A synthesis of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 2016; 121:1328-1350. [PMID: 28163988 PMCID: PMC5289704 DOI: 10.1002/2015jf003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The basal thermal state of an ice sheet (frozen or thawed) is an important control upon its evolution, dynamics and response to external forcings. However, this state can only be observed directly within sparse boreholes or inferred conclusively from the presence of subglacial lakes. Here we synthesize spatially extensive inferences of the basal thermal state of the Greenland Ice Sheet to better constrain this state. Existing inferences include outputs from the eight thermomechanical ice-flow models included in the SeaRISE effort. New remote-sensing inferences of the basal thermal state are derived from Holocene radiostratigraphy, modern surface velocity and MODIS imagery. Both thermomechanical modeling and remote inferences generally agree that the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream and large portions of the southwestern ice-drainage systems are thawed at the bed, whereas the bed beneath the central ice divides, particularly their west-facing slopes, is frozen. Elsewhere, there is poor agreement regarding the basal thermal state. Both models and remote inferences rarely represent the borehole-observed basal thermal state accurately near NorthGRIP and DYE-3. This synthesis identifies a large portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet (about one third by area) where additional observations would most improve knowledge of its overall basal thermal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. MacGregor
- Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A. Fahnestock
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Ginny A. Catania
- Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Andy Aschwanden
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Gary D. Clow
- U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - William T. Colgan
- Dept. of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - S. Prasad Gogineni
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Mathieu Morlighem
- Dept. of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sophie M. J. Nowicki
- Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - John D. Paden
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Stephen F. Price
- Fluid Dynamics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hélène Seroussi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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26
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Abstract
Radar data reveal how sensitive the Greenland Ice Sheet is to long-term climatic changes
[Also see Report by
MacGregor
et al.
]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Hvidberg
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Smith FA, Murray IW, Harding LE, Lease HM, Martin J. Life in an extreme environment: a historical perspective on the influence of temperature on the ecology and evolution of woodrats. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/13-mamm-s-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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28
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Buizert C, Gkinis V, Severinghaus JP, He F, Lecavalier BS, Kindler P, Leuenberger M, Carlson AE, Vinther B, Masson-Delmotte V, White JWC, Liu Z, Otto-Bliesner B, Brook EJ. Greenland temperature response to climate forcing during the last deglaciation. Science 2014; 345:1177-80. [PMID: 25190795 DOI: 10.1126/science.1254961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Greenland ice core water isotopic composition (δ(18)O) provides detailed evidence for abrupt climate changes but is by itself insufficient for quantitative reconstruction of past temperatures and their spatial patterns. We investigate Greenland temperature evolution during the last deglaciation using independent reconstructions from three ice cores and simulations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model. Contrary to the traditional δ(18)O interpretation, the Younger Dryas period was 4.5° ± 2°C warmer than the Oldest Dryas, due to increased carbon dioxide forcing and summer insolation. The magnitude of abrupt temperature changes is larger in central Greenland (9° to 14°C) than in the northwest (5° to 9°C), fingerprinting a North Atlantic origin. Simulated changes in temperature seasonality closely track changes in the Atlantic overturning strength and support the hypothesis that abrupt climate change is mostly a winter phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Buizert
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Vasileios Gkinis
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Severinghaus
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Feng He
- Center for Climatic Research, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benoit S Lecavalier
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Philippe Kindler
- Division of Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Leuenberger
- Division of Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anders E Carlson
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Bo Vinther
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valérie Masson-Delmotte
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ 8212), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James W C White
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Center for Climatic Research, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bette Otto-Bliesner
- Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Edward J Brook
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Tzedakis P, Emerson B, Hewitt G. Cryptic or mystic? Glacial tree refugia in northern Europe. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:696-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ganopolski A, Rahmstorf S. Stability and Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation in the Past and Future: a Study with a Coupled Model of Intermediate Complexity. In: Seidov D, Haupt BJ, Maslin M, editors. The Oceans and Rapid Climate Change. Washington: American Geophysical Union; 2001. pp. 261-75. [DOI: 10.1029/gm126p0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Peters LE, Anandakrishnan S, Alley RB, Voigt DE. Seismic attenuation in glacial ice: A proxy for englacial temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jf002201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Popek MA, Saffer DM. Heat advection by groundwater flow through a heterogeneous permeability crust: A potential cause of scatter in surface heat flow near Parkfield, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb008081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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ANDERSEN LISELOTTEW, LYDERSEN CHRISTIAN, FRIE ANNEK, ROSING-ASVID AQQALU, HAUKSSON ERLINGUR, KOVACS KITM. A population on the edge: genetic diversity and population structure of the world's northernmost harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vinther BM, Buchardt SL, Clausen HB, Dahl-Jensen D, Johnsen SJ, Fisher DA, Koerner RM, Raynaud D, Lipenkov V, Andersen KK, Blunier T, Rasmussen SO, Steffensen JP, Svensson AM. Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet. Nature 2009; 461:385-8. [PMID: 19759618 DOI: 10.1038/nature08355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On entering an era of global warming, the stability of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) is an important concern, especially in the light of new evidence of rapidly changing flow and melt conditions at the GIS margins. Studying the response of the GIS to past climatic change may help to advance our understanding of GIS dynamics. The previous interpretation of evidence from stable isotopes (delta(18)O) in water from GIS ice cores was that Holocene climate variability on the GIS differed spatially and that a consistent Holocene climate optimum-the unusually warm period from about 9,000 to 6,000 years ago found in many northern-latitude palaeoclimate records-did not exist. Here we extract both the Greenland Holocene temperature history and the evolution of GIS surface elevation at four GIS locations. We achieve this by comparing delta(18)O from GIS ice cores with delta(18)O from ice cores from small marginal icecaps. Contrary to the earlier interpretation of delta(18)O evidence from ice cores, our new temperature history reveals a pronounced Holocene climatic optimum in Greenland coinciding with maximum thinning near the GIS margins. Our delta(18)O-based results are corroborated by the air content of ice cores, a proxy for surface elevation. State-of-the-art ice sheet models are generally found to be underestimating the extent and changes in GIS elevation and area; our findings may help to improve the ability of models to reproduce the GIS response to Holocene climate.
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SOMMER ROBERTS, LINDQVIST CHARLOTTE, PERSSON ARNE, BRINGSØE HENRIK, RHODIN ANDERSGJ, SCHNEEWEISS NORBERT, ŠIROKÝ PAVEL, BACHMANN LUTZ, FRITZ UWE. Unexpected early extinction of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Sweden and climatic impact on its Holocene range. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1252-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Florides GA, Christodoulides P. Global warming and carbon dioxide through sciences. Environ Int 2009; 35:390-401. [PMID: 18760479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric CO(2)-concentration is widely being considered as the main driving factor that causes the phenomenon of global warming. This paper attempts to shed more light on the role of atmospheric CO(2) in relation to temperature-increase and, more generally, in relation to Earth's life through the geological aeons, based on a review-assessment of existing related studies. It is pointed out that there has been a debate on the accuracy of temperature reconstructions as well as on the exact impact that CO(2) has on global warming. Moreover, using three independent sets of data (collected from ice-cores and chemistry) we perform a specific regression analysis which concludes that forecasts about the correlation between CO(2)-concentration and temperature rely heavily on the choice of data used, and one cannot be positive that indeed such a correlation exists (for chemistry data) or even, if existing (for ice-cores data), whether it leads to a "severe" or a "gentle" global warming. A very recent development on the greenhouse phenomenon is a validated adiabatic model, based on laws of physics, forecasting a maximum temperature-increase of 0.01-0.03 degrees C for a value doubling the present concentration of atmospheric CO(2). Through a further review of related studies and facts from disciplines like biology and geology, where CO(2)-change is viewed from a different perspective, it is suggested that CO(2)-change is not necessarily always a negative factor for the environment. In fact it is shown that CO(2)-increase has stimulated the growth of plants, while the CO(2)-change history has altered the physiology of plants. Moreover, data from palaeoclimatology show that the CO(2)-content in the atmosphere is at a minimum in this geological aeon. Finally it is stressed that the understanding of the functioning of Earth's complex climate system (especially for water, solar radiation and so forth) is still poor and, hence, scientific knowledge is not at a level to give definite and precise answers for the causes of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Florides
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus.
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Kuang X, Liu J, Wang H, Wang S. Inter-hemispheric comparison of climate change in the last millennium based on the ECHO-G simulation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008; 53:2692-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sodemann H, Masson-Delmotte V, Schwierz C, Vinther BM, Wernli H. Interannual variability of Greenland winter precipitation sources: 2. Effects of North Atlantic Oscillation variability on stable isotopes in precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feng S, Oglesby RJ, Rowe CM, Loope DB, Hu Q. Atlantic and Pacific SST influences on Medieval drought in North America simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vinther BM, Clausen HB, Fisher DA, Koerner RM, Johnsen SJ, Andersen KK, Dahl-Jensen D, Rasmussen SO, Steffensen JP, Svensson AM. Synchronizing ice cores from the Renland and Agassiz ice caps to the Greenland Ice Core Chronology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anderson NJ, Brodersen KP, Ryves DB, McGowan S, Johansson LS, Jeppesen E, Leng MJ. Climate Versus In-Lake Processes as Controls on the Development of Community Structure in a Low-Arctic Lake (South-West Greenland). Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-007-9123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khan SA, Wahr J, Leuliette E, van Dam T, Larson KM, Francis O. Geodetic measurements of postglacial adjustments in Greenland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb004956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bennike O, Sørensen M, Fredskild B, Jacobsen BH, Böcher J, Amsinck SL, Jeppesen E, Andreasen C, Christiansen HH, Humlum O. Late Quaternary Environmental and Cultural Changes in the Wollaston Forland Region, Northeast Greenland. ADV ECOL RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(07)00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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HIYAMA T, ABE O, KURITA N, FUJITA K, IKEDA K, HASHIMOTO S, TSUJIMURA M, YAMANAKA T. Review and Perspective on the Water Cycle Processes using Stable Isotope of Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3178/jjshwr.21.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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