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Gálvez RI, Martínez-Pérez A, Escarrega EA, Singh T, Zambrana JV, Balmaseda Á, Harris E, Weiskopf D. Frequency of Dengue Virus-Specific T Cells is related to Infection Outcome in Endemic Settings. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.05.24302330. [PMID: 38370822 PMCID: PMC10871461 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.24302330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dengue is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions globally and leads to a considerable burden of disease. Annually, dengue virus (DENV) causes up to 400 million infections, of which ~25% present with clinical symptoms ranging from mild to fatal. Despite its significance as a growing public health concern, the development of effective DENV vaccines has been highly challenging. One of the reasons is the lack of comprehensive understanding of the influence exerted by prior DENV infections and immune responses with cross-reactive properties. To investigate this, we collected samples from a pediatric cohort study in dengue-endemic Managua, Nicaragua. We characterized T cell responses in a group of 71 healthy children who had previously experienced one or more natural DENV infections and who, within one year after sample collection, had a subsequent DENV infection that was either symptomatic (n=25) or inapparent (n=46, absence of clinical disease). Thus, our study was designed to investigate the impact of pre-existing DENV specific T cell responses on the clinical outcomes of subsequent DENV infection. We assessed the DENV specific T cell responses using an activation-induced marker assay (AIM). Children who had experienced only one prior DENV infection displayed heterogeneous DENV specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies. In contrast, children who had experienced two or more DENV infections showed significantly higher frequencies of DENV specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were associated with inapparent as opposed to symptomatic outcomes in the subsequent DENV infection. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the protective role of DENV specific T cells against symptomatic DENV infection and constitute an advancement toward identifying protective immune correlates against dengue fever and clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Gálvez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amparo Martínez-Pérez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - E. Alexandar Escarrega
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tulika Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - José Víctor Zambrana
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Ángel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Miauton A, Audran R, Besson J, Maby-El Hajjami H, Karlen M, Warpelin-Decrausaz L, Sene L, Schaufelberger S, Faivre V, Faouzi M, Hartley MA, Spertini F, Genton B. Safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic nanoparticle-based, T cell priming peptide vaccine against dengue in healthy adults in Switzerland: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase 1 study. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104922. [PMID: 38128414 PMCID: PMC10776924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines that minimize the risk of vaccine-induced antibody-dependent enhancement and severe dengue are needed to address the global health threat posed by dengue. This study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based, multi-valent, synthetic peptide dengue vaccine candidate (PepGNP-Dengue), designed to provide protective CD8+ T cell immunity, without inducing antibodies. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 1 trial (NCT04935801), healthy naïve individuals aged 18-45 years recruited at the Centre for primary care and public health, Lausanne, Switzerland, were randomly assigned to receive PepGNP-Dengue or comparator (GNP without peptides [vehicle-GNP]). Randomization was stratified into four groups (low dose [LD] and high dose [HD]), allocation was double-blind from participants and investigators. Two doses were administered by intradermal microneedle injection 21 days apart. Primary outcome was safety, secondary outcome immunogenicity. Analysis was by intention-to-treat for safety, intention-to-treat and per protocol for immunogenicity. FINDINGS 26 participants were enrolled (August-September 2021) to receive PepGNP-Dengue (LD or HD, n = 10 each) or vehicle-GNP (LD or HD, n = 3 each). No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Most (90%) related adverse events were mild; injection site pain and transient discoloration were most frequently reported. Injection site erythema occurred in 58% of participants. As expected, PepGNP-Dengue did not elicit anti-DENV antibodies of significance. Significant increases were observed in specific CD8+ T cells and dengue dextramer+ memory cell subsets in the LD PepGNP-Dengue but not in the HD PepGNP-Dengue or vehicle-GNP groups, specifically PepGNP-activated CD137+CD69+CD8+ T cells (day 90, +0.0318%, 95% CI: 0.0088-0.1723, p = 0.046), differentiated effector memory (TemRA) and central memory (Tcm) CD8+ T cells (day 35, +0.8/105 CD8+, 95% CI: 0.19-5.13, p = 0.014 and +1.34/105 CD8+, 95% CI: 0.1-7.34, p = 0.024, respectively). INTERPRETATION Results provide proof of concept that a synthetic nanoparticle-based peptide vaccine can successfully induce virus-specific CD8+ T cells. The favourable safety profile and cellular responses observed support further development of PepGNP-Dengue. FUNDING Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Miauton
- Tropical, Travel and Vaccination Clinic, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Régine Audran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliette Besson
- Tropical, Travel and Vaccination Clinic, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Maby-El Hajjami
- Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Karlen
- Tropical, Travel and Vaccination Clinic, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loane Warpelin-Decrausaz
- Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Research Support Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loredana Sene
- Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Schaufelberger
- Information Systems and Digital Transformation, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Information Systems and Digital Transformation, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Faouzi
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mary-Anne Hartley
- Tropical, Travel and Vaccination Clinic, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Genton
- Tropical, Travel and Vaccination Clinic, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Strobl J, Haniffa M. Functional heterogeneity of human skin-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:104-119. [PMID: 37144705 PMCID: PMC10952320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The human skin is populated by a diverse pool of memory T cells, which can act rapidly in response to pathogens and cancer antigens. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) have been implicated in range of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Clonal expansion of cells with TRM properties is also known to contribute to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Here, we review the heterogeneous phenotypes, transcriptional programs, and effector functions of skin TRM . We summarize recent studies on TRM formation, longevity, plasticity, and retrograde migration and contextualize the findings to skin TRM and their role in maintaining skin homeostasis and altered functions in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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4
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Santopaolo M, Gregorova M, Hamilton F, Arnold D, Long A, Lacey A, Oliver E, Halliday A, Baum H, Hamilton K, Milligan R, Pearce O, Knezevic L, Morales Aza B, Milne A, Milodowski E, Jones E, Lazarus R, Goenka A, Finn A, Maskell N, Davidson AD, Gillespie K, Wooldridge L, Rivino L. Prolonged T-cell activation and long COVID symptoms independently associate with severe COVID-19 at 3 months. eLife 2023; 12:e85009. [PMID: 37310006 PMCID: PMC10319436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) causes immune perturbations which may persist long term, and patients frequently report ongoing symptoms for months after recovery. We assessed immune activation at 3-12 months post hospital admission in 187 samples from 63 patients with mild, moderate, or severe disease and investigated whether it associates with long COVID. At 3 months, patients with severe disease displayed persistent activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, based on expression of HLA-DR, CD38, Ki67, and granzyme B, and elevated plasma levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-7, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) compared to mild and/or moderate patients. Plasma from severe patients at 3 months caused T-cells from healthy donors to upregulate IL-15Rα, suggesting that plasma factors in severe patients may increase T-cell responsiveness to IL-15-driven bystander activation. Patients with severe disease reported a higher number of long COVID symptoms which did not however correlate with cellular immune activation/pro-inflammatory cytokines after adjusting for age, sex, and disease severity. Our data suggests that long COVID and persistent immune activation may correlate independently with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Santopaolo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS TrustBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - David Arnold
- Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS TrustBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Long
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Aurora Lacey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Baum
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristy Hamilton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Milligan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivia Pearce
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Lea Knezevic
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Begonia Morales Aza
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice Milne
- Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS TrustBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Milodowski
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Eben Jones
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rajeka Lazarus
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for ChildrenBristolUnited Kingdom
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, North Bristol NHS TrustBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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5
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Petphong V, Kosoltanapiwat N, Limkittikul K, Maneekan P, Chatchen S, Jittmittraphap A, Sriburin P, Chattanadee S, Leaungwutiwong P. Detection of Anti-ZIKV NS1 IgA, IgM, and Combined IgA/IgM and Identification of IL-4 and IL-10 as Potential Biomarkers for Early ZIKV and DENV Infections in Hyperendemic Regions, Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050284. [PMID: 37235332 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific IgA and IgM and the cytokine expression profile of ZIKV-infected patients in hyperendemic areas remain unclear. This study investigated the rates of ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-specific IgA and IgM and evaluated serum cytokine levels of ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) cases in Thailand to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, elucidate the immunity against ZIKV and DENV, and investigate the association between cytokine levels and ZIKV symptoms. Low rates of positivity for ZIKV NS1-specific IgA and IgM were detected in our study. ZIKV NS1 IgA/M (11%, 11/101) in combination was more frequently detected than ZIKV NS1 IgM (2%, 2/101) or ZIKV NS1 IgA (4%, 4/96) alone, especially in acute ZIKV cases with previous DENV exposure (14%, 10/72). Cytokine analysis showed that both ZIKV and DENV infections induced polyfunctional immunity, and the latter triggered more prolonged responses. The existence of significant differences in IL-4 and IL-10 levels between acute ZIKV and acute DENV cases suggested that IL-4 (p = 0.0176) and IL-10 (p = 0.0003) may represent biomarkers for acute ZIKV and acute DENV infections, respectively. Analysis of the association between increased cytokine levels and ZIKV symptoms indicated that CXCL10 (p = 0.0029) was associated with exanthema, while IL-5 (p = 0.0496) was linked to headache. The detection of ZIKV NS1 IgA and IgM in combination may enhance the diagnosis of early ZIKV infection, particularly when levels of IgM or IgA alone are low or undetectable. IL-4 and IL-10 may serve as targets for the development of diagnostic tools to detect ZIKV and DENV infections early, respectively, in flavivirus-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajee Petphong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kriengsak Limkittikul
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pannamas Maneekan
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supawat Chatchen
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Akanitt Jittmittraphap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pimolpachr Sriburin
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattanadee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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de Lima Siqueira Oliveira L, de Andrade Vieira Alves F, Rabelo K, Moragas LJ, Mohana-Borges R, de Carvalho JJ, Basílio-de-Oliveira C, Basílio-de-Oliveira R, Rosman FC, Salomão NG, Paes MV. Immunopathology of Renal Tissue in Fatal Cases of Dengue in Children. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558877 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection represents a worldwide public health concern and can cause damage to multiple organs, including the kidney. In this work, we investigated the histopathological changes caused by dengue virus infection along with the detection of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and cell expression patterns in the renal tissue of three fatal cases in children. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to analyze these histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry allowed for the detection of immunological inflammatory markers in renal tissues that were quantified and further analyzed. Vascular congestion, edema and glomerular infiltrate were observed in the three cases, in addition to the thickening of the matrix area around the glomerular capillaries and mononuclear infiltrate associated with vascular congestion in the medullary region. The renal tissues exhibited collagen deposition and high expression of CD68+ Mø, CD8+ T, CD56+ cells and MMP-9, and the cytokine profile was mainly characterized by the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, the expression of RANTES, VEGFR-2 and VCAM-1 were observed. The replication of DENV was evidenced by the detection of the NS3 protein. These results contributed to clarifying the main factors that may be involved in changes in the renal tissue of fatal cases of dengue in children.
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7
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Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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8
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Guerrero D, Vo HTM, Lon C, Bohl JA, Nhik S, Chea S, Man S, Sreng S, Pacheco AR, Ly S, Sath R, Lay S, Missé D, Huy R, Leang R, Kry H, Valenzuela JG, Oliveira F, Cantaert T, Manning JE. Evaluation of cutaneous immune response in a controlled human in vivo model of mosquito bites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7036. [PMID: 36396947 PMCID: PMC9672097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are a growing global threat. Initial viral inoculation occurs in the skin via the mosquito 'bite', eliciting immune responses that shape the establishment of infection and pathogenesis. Here we assess the cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses to controlled Aedes aegypti feedings in humans living in Aedes-endemic areas. In this single-arm, cross-sectional interventional study (trial registration #NCT04350905), we enroll 30 healthy adult participants aged 18 to 45 years of age from Cambodia between October 2020 and January 2021. We perform 3-mm skin biopsies at baseline as well as 30 min, 4 h, and 48 h after a controlled feeding by uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquitos. The primary endpoints are measurement of changes in early and late innate responses in bitten vs unbitten skin by gene expression profiling, immunophenotyping, and cytokine profiling. The results reveal induction of neutrophil degranulation and recruitment of skin-resident dendritic cells and M2 macrophages. As the immune reaction progresses T cell priming and regulatory pathways are upregulated along with a shift to Th2-driven responses and CD8+ T cell activation. Stimulation of participants' bitten skin cells with Aedes aegypti salivary gland extract results in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These results identify key immune genes, cell types, and pathways in the human response to mosquito bites and can be leveraged to inform and develop novel therapeutics and vector-targeted vaccine candidates to interfere with vector-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guerrero
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hoa Thi My Vo
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jennifer A Bohl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sreynik Nhik
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Somnang Man
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokunthea Sreng
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Andrea R Pacheco
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokna Ly
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rathanak Sath
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hok Kry
- Kampong Speu Provincial District, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jessica E Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. .,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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9
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Laing KJ, Ouwendijk WJD, Campbell VL, McClurkan CL, Mortazavi S, Elder Waters M, Krist MP, Tu R, Nguyen N, Basu K, Miao C, Schmid DS, Johnston C, Verjans GMGM, Koelle DM. Selective retention of virus-specific tissue-resident T cells in healed skin after recovery from herpes zoster. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6957. [PMID: 36376285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes zoster is a localized skin infection caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus. Tissue-resident T cells likely control skin infections. Zoster provides a unique opportunity to determine if focal reinfection of human skin boosts local or disseminated antigen-specific tissue-resident T cells. Here, we show virus-specific T cells are retained over one year in serial samples of rash site and contralateral unaffected skin of individuals recovered from zoster. Consistent with zoster resolution, viral DNA is largely undetectable on skin from day 90 and virus-specific B and T cells decline in blood. In skin, there is selective infiltration and long-term persistence of varicella-zoster virus-specific T cells in the rash site relative to the contralateral site. The skin T cell infiltrates express the canonical tissue-resident T cell markers CD69 and CD103. These findings show that zoster promotes spatially-restricted long-term retention of antigen-specific tissue-resident T cells in previously infected skin.
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10
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Ren ZZ, Zheng Y, Sun T, Wang GY, Chen XM, Zhou YM. A survey of clinical and laboratory characteristics of the dengue fever epidemic from 2017 to 2019 in Zhejiang, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31143. [PMID: 36281095 PMCID: PMC9592481 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the epidemic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of dengue patients in Zhejiang and the possible mechanism. Epidemic, clinical and laboratory data of 231 dengue patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine University between August 2017 and December 2019 were collected. GSE43777 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and was used for the immune cell infiltration analysis, logistic regression analysis, and nomogram construction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the possible regulatory pathways in dengue infection. Further, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve analysis were conducted to evaluate the value of related immune cells in predicting dengue severity. Among the 231 patients, the gender ratio was 1:1.1 (male/female). The patients in the <60 years age group, 60 to 80 years age group, and >80 years age group were 47.2%, 45.5%, and 7.3%, respectively. The major symptoms were fever (100%), weak (98.3%), anorexia (76.6%), muscle and joint pain (62.3%), and nausea (46.8%). In dengue patients, 98.7% of serum samples had decreased platelet levels, 96.5% of them had decreased white blood cell (WBC) levels, 97.8% had elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels, 82.3% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, 49.4% had increased creatinine levels, and 35.5% had increased creatine kinase levels. Pneumonia, pleural effusion, and bilateral pleural reaction were observed in 16.5%, 8.2%, and 4.8%, respectively of dengue patients. Gallbladder wall roughness and splenomegaly accounted for 6.1% and 4.3% of all cases. Moreover, the levels of T cell, B cell, and dendritic cells were significantly higher in the convalescent group and they were involved in immune- and metabolism-related pathways. Of note, low levels of these 3 immune cells correlated with high dengue infection risk, while only dendritic cells exhibited satisfactory performance in predicting dengue severity. Dengue fever patients often onset with fever, accompanied by mild abnormalities of the blood system and other organ functions. Moreover, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells might be involved in dengue infection and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ze Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang-Yi Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Mei Zhou, Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, No.318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang, China (e-mail: )
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11
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Estrada-jiménez T, Flores-mendoza L, Ávila-jiménez L, Vázquez-rodríguez CF, Sánchez-burgos GG, Vallejo-ruiz V, Reyes-leyva J, Domingues Passero LF. Low Activation of CD8+ T Cells in response to Viral Peptides in Mexican Patients with Severe Dengue. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35372587 PMCID: PMC8975689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9967594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is acknowledged that antiviral immune response contributes to dengue immunopathogenesis. To identify immunological markers that distinguish dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 113 patients with confirmed dengue infection were analyzed at 6 or 7 days after fever onset. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated, lymphocyte subsets and activation biomarkers were identified by flow cytometry, and differentiation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes was achieved by the relative expression analysis of T-bet (Th1), GATA-3 (Th2), ROR-γ (Th17), and FOXP-3 (T regulatory) transcription factors quantified by real-time PCR. CD8+, CD40L+, and CD45+ cells show higher numbers in DF compared to DHF patients, whereas CD4+, CD19+, and CD25+ cells show higher numbers in DHF than DF patients. High expression of GATA-3 accompanied by low expression of T-bet indicates predominance of Th2 response. In addition, higher expression of FOXP-3 and reduced functional cytotoxic T cells (CD8+perforin+) were observed in DHF patients. In further experiments, PBMC were stimulated ex vivo with dengue virus E, NS3, NS4, and NS5 peptides, and proliferating T cell subsets were determined. Lower proliferative responses to NS3 and NS4 peptides and reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were observed in DHF patients. Our results suggest that immune response to dengue is dysregulated with predominance of CD4+ T cells, low activation of Th1 cells, and downregulation of the antiviral cytotoxic activity during severe dengue, likely induced by regulatory T cells.
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12
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Arora JK, Opasawatchai A, Poonpanichakul T, Jiravejchakul N, Sungnak W, Matangkasombut O, Teichmann SA, Matangkasombut P, Charoensawan V. Single-cell Temporal Analysis of Natural Dengue Infection Reveals Skin-Homing Lymphocyte Expansion One Day before Defervescence. iScience 2022. [PMID: 35345453 PMCID: PMC8957021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective clinical management of acute dengue virus (DENV) infection relies on the timing of suitable treatments during the disease progression. We analyzed single-cell transcriptomic profiles of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from two DENV patients, collected daily during acute phase and also at convalescence. Key immune cell types demonstrated different dynamic responses over the course of the infection. On the day before defervescence (Day −1), we observed the peak expression of several prominent genes in the adaptive immunological pathways. We also characterized unique effector T cell clusters that expressed skin-homing signature genes at Day −1, whereas upregulation of skin and gut homing genes was also observed in plasma cells and plasmablasts during the febrile period. This work provides an overview of unique molecular dynamics that signify the entry of the critical phase, and the findings could improve the patient management of DENV infection. Time-course scRNA-seq reveals immune response dynamics during acute dengue infection Rapid transcriptional switching was observed one day before fever subsided (Day -1) Skin-homing signatures were observed in specific T cells during the febrile phase Expansion of skin-homing CD69+ PD-1+ T cells at Day -1 was confirmed with FACS
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13
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Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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14
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Maurice NJ, Taber AK, Prlic M. The Ugly Duckling Turned to Swan: A Change in Perception of Bystander-Activated Memory CD8 T Cells. J Immunol 2021; 206:455-462. [PMID: 33468558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Memory T cells (Tmem) rapidly mount Ag-specific responses during pathogen reencounter. However, Tmem also respond to inflammatory cues in the absence of an activating TCR signal, a phenomenon termed bystander activation. Although bystander activation was first described over 20 years ago, the physiological relevance and the consequences of T cell bystander activation have only become more evident in recent years. In this review, we discuss the scenarios that trigger CD8 Tmem bystander activation including acute and chronic infections that are either systemic or localized, as well as evidence for bystander CD8 Tmem within tumors and following vaccination. We summarize the possible consequences of bystander activation for the T cell itself, the subsequent immune response, and the host. We highlight when T cell bystander activation appears to benefit or harm the host and briefly discuss our current knowledge gaps regarding regulatory signals that can control bystander activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Maurice
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Alexis K Taber
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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15
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Goenka A, Halliday A, Gregorova M, Milodowski E, Thomas A, Williamson MK, Baum H, Oliver E, Long AE, Knezevic L, Williams AJK, Lampasona V, Piemonti L, Gupta K, Di Bartolo N, Berger I, Toye AM, Vipond B, Muir P, Bernatoniene J, Bailey M, Gillespie KM, Davidson AD, Wooldridge L, Rivino L, Finn A. Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100327. [PMID: 34124701 PMCID: PMC8188298 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 appears rare in children. This is unexpected, especially in young infants, who are vulnerable to severe disease caused by other respiratory viruses. We evaluate convalescent immune responses in 4 infants under 3 months old with confirmed COVID-19 who presented with mild febrile illness, alongside their parents, and adult controls recovered from confirmed COVID-19. Although not statistically significant, compared to seropositive adults, infants have high serum levels of IgG and IgA to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a corresponding functional ability to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Infants also exhibit robust saliva anti-spike IgG and IgA responses. Spike-specific IFN-γ production by infant peripheral blood mononuclear cells appears restrained, but the frequency of spike-specific IFN-γ- and/or TNF-α-producing T cells is comparable between infants and adults. On principal-component analysis, infant immune responses appear distinct from their parents. Robust functional antibody responses alongside restrained IFN-γ production may help protect infants from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Amy Thomas
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Holly Baum
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna E Long
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lea Knezevic
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kapil Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Di Bartolo
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Imre Berger
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute of Transfusion Science, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Barry Vipond
- National Infection Service, Public Health England South West, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Muir
- National Infection Service, Public Health England South West, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Jolanta Bernatoniene
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathleen M Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Prasad M, Wojciech L, Brzostek J, Hu J, Chua YL, Tung DWH, Yap J, Rybakin V, Gascoigne NRJ. Expansion of an Unusual Virtual Memory CD8 + Subpopulation Bearing Vα3.2 TCR in Themis-Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644483. [PMID: 33897691 PMCID: PMC8058184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the gene for Themis affects T cell selection in the thymus, which would be expected to affect the TCR repertoire. We found an increased proportion of cells expressing Vα3.2 (TRAV9N-3) in the peripheral CD8+ T cell population in mice with germline Themis deficiency. Analysis of the TCRα repertoire indicated it was generally reduced in diversity in the absence of Themis, whereas the diversity of sequences using the TRAV9N-3 V-region element was increased. In wild type mice, Vα3.2+ cells showed higher CD5, CD6 and CD44 expression than non-Vα3-expressing cells, and this was more marked in cells from Themis-deficient mice. This suggested a virtual memory phenotype, as well as a stronger response to self-pMHC. The Vα3.2+ cells responded more strongly to IL-15, as well as showing bystander effector capability in a Listeria infection. Thus, the unusually large population of Vα3.2+ CD8+ T cells found in the periphery of Themis-deficient mice reflects not only altered thymic selection, but also allowed identification of a subset of bystander-competent cells that are also present in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Prasad
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lukasz Wojciech
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jianfang Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yen Leong Chua
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Wai Hon Tung
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Yap
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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17
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Gregorova M, Morse D, Brignoli T, Steventon J, Hamilton F, Albur M, Arnold D, Thomas M, Halliday A, Baum H, Rice C, Avison MB, Davidson AD, Santopaolo M, Oliver E, Goenka A, Finn A, Wooldridge L, Amulic B, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Butler DK, McMurray C, Stockton J, Nicholls S, Cooper C, Loman N, Cox MJ, Rivino L, Massey RC. Post-acute COVID-19 associated with evidence of bystander T-cell activation and a recurring antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. eLife 2020; 9:e63430. [PMID: 33331820 PMCID: PMC7775105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the case of a COVID-19 patient who developed recurring ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that acquired increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in response to treatment. Metagenomic analysis revealed the AMR genotype, while immunological analysis revealed massive and escalating levels of T-cell activation. These were both SARS-CoV-2 and P. aeruginosa specific, and bystander activated, which may have contributed to this patient's persistent symptoms and radiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel Morse
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tarcisio Brignoli
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph Steventon
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Baum
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Rice
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School in the Faculty of Health SciencesBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire McMurray
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna Stockton
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Nicholls
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles Cooper
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cox
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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18
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Adikari TN, Di Giallonardo F, Leung P, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Bull RA, Luciani F. Conserved epitopes with high HLA-I population coverage are targets of CD8 + T cells associated with high IFN-γ responses against all dengue virus serotypes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20497. [PMID: 33235334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are key for immune protection against viral infections. The breadth and cross-reactivity of these responses are important against rapidly mutating RNA viruses, such as dengue (DENV), yet how viral diversity affect T cell responses and their cross-reactivity against multiple variants of the virus remains poorly defined. In this study, an integrated analysis was performed to map experimentally validated CD8+ T cell epitopes onto the distribution of DENV genome sequences across the 4 serotypes worldwide. Despite the higher viral diversity observed within HLA-I restricted epitopes, mapping of 609 experimentally validated epitopes sequences on 3985 full-length viral genomes revealed 19 highly conserved epitopes across the four serotypes within the immunogenic regions of NS3, NS4B and NS5. These conserved epitopes were associated with a higher magnitude of IFN-γ response when compared to non-conserved epitopes and were restricted to 13 HLA class I genotypes, hence providing high coverage among human populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that these epitopes are largely conserved in most of the endemic regions of the world, and with only some of these epitopes presenting distinct mutated variants circulating in South America and Asia.This study provides evidence for the existence of highly immunogenic and conserved epitopes across serotypes, which may impact design of new universal T-cell-inducing vaccine candidates that minimise detrimental effects of viral diversification and at the same time induce responses to a broad human population.
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19
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Alves RPDS, Andreata-Santos R, de Freitas CL, Pereira LR, Fabris-Maeda DLN, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Pereira SS, Carvalho AAVB, Sales NS, Peron JPS, Amorim JH, Ferreira LCDS. Protective Immunity to Dengue Virus Induced by DNA Vaccines Encoding Nonstructural Proteins in a Lethal Challenge Immunocompetent Mouse Model. Front Med Technol 2020; 2:558984. [PMID: 35047876 PMCID: PMC8757693 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.558984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus represents the main arbovirus affecting humans, but there are no effective drugs or available worldwide licensed vaccine formulations capable of conferring full protection against the infection. Experimental studies and results generated after the release of the licensed anti-DENV vaccine demonstrated that induction of high-titer neutralizing antibodies does not represent the sole protection correlate and that, indeed, T cell-based immune responses plays a relevant role in the establishment of an immune protective state. In this context, this study aimed to further demonstrate protective features of immune responses elicited in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice immunized with three plasmids encoding DENV2 nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS3, and NS5), which were subsequently challenged with a DENV2 strain naturally capable of inducing lethal encephalitis in immunocompetent mouse strains. The animals were immunized intramuscularly with the DNA vaccine mix and complete protection was observed among vaccinated mice. Vaccine induced protection correlated with the cytokine profiles expressed by spleen cells and brain-infiltrating mononuclear cells. The results confirm the pivotal role of cellular immune responses targeting nonstructural DENV proteins and validate the experimental model based on a DENV2 strain capable of infecting and killing immunocompetent mice as a tool for the evaluation of protective immunity induced by anti-DENV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Longo de Freitas
- Laboratório de Interações Neuroimunes, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denicar Lina Nascimento Fabris-Maeda
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Josiane Rodrigues-Jesus
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
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20
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Montes-Gómez AE, García-Cordero J, Marcial-Juárez E, Shrivastava G, Visoso-Carvajal G, Juárez-Delgado FJ, Flores-Romo L, Sanchez-Torres MC, Santos-Argumedo L, Bustos-Arriaga J, Cedillo-Barrón L. Crosstalk Between Dermal Fibroblasts and Dendritic Cells During Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:538240. [PMID: 33193307 PMCID: PMC7645109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.538240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection (DENV-2) is transmitted by infected mosquitoes via the skin, where many dermal and epidermal cells are potentially susceptible to infection. Most of the cells in an area of infection will establish an antiviral microenvironment to control viral replication. Although cumulative studies report permissive DENV-2 infection in dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, among other cells also infected, little information is available regarding cell-to-cell crosstalk and the effect of this on the outcome of the infection. Therefore, our study focused on understanding the contribution of fibroblast and dendritic cell crosstalk to the control or promotion of dengue. Our results suggest that dendritic cells promote an antiviral state over fibroblasts by enhancing the production of type I interferon, but not proinflammatory cytokines. Infected and non-infected fibroblasts promoted partial dendritic cell maturation, and the fibroblast-matured cells were less permissive to infection and showed enhanced type I interferon production. We also observed that the soluble mediators produced by non-infected or Poly (I:C) transfected fibroblasts induced allogenic T cell proliferation, but mediators produced by DENV-2 infected fibroblasts inhibited this phenomenon. Additionally, the effects of fibroblast soluble mediators on CD14+ monocytes were analyzed to assess whether they affected the differentiation of monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDC). Our data showed that mediators produced by infected fibroblasts induced variable levels of monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells, even in the presence of recombinant GM-CSF and IL-4. Cells with dendritic cell-like morphology appeared in the culture; however, flow cytometry analysis showed that the mediators did not fully downregulate CD14 nor did they upregulate CD1a. Our data revealed that fibroblast-dendritic cell crosstalk promoted an antiviral response mediated manly by type I interferons over fibroblasts. Furthermore, the maturation of dendritic cells and T cell proliferation were promoted, which was inhibited by DENV-2-induced mediators. Together, our results suggest that activation of the adaptive immune response is influenced by the crosstalk of skin resident cells and the intensity of innate immune responses established in the microenvironment of the infected skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo E. Montes-Gómez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edith Marcial-Juárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Giovani Visoso-Carvajal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Leopoldo Flores-Romo
- Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ma. Carmen Sanchez-Torres
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Bustos-Arriaga
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular e Inmunología de arbovirus, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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21
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Manh DH, Weiss LN, Thuong NV, Mizukami S, Dumre SP, Luong QC, Thanh LC, Thang CM, Huu PT, Phuc LH, Nhung CTH, Mai NT, Truong NQ, Ngu VTT, Quoc DK, Ha TTN, Ton T, An TV, Halhouli O, Quynh LN, Kamel MG, Karbwang J, Huong VTQ, Huy NT, Hirayama K. Kinetics of CD4 + T Helper and CD8 + Effector T Cell Responses in Acute Dengue Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1980. [PMID: 33072068 PMCID: PMC7542683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The protective or pathogenic role of T lymphocytes during the acute phase of dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been fully understood despite its importance in immunity and vaccine development. Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the kinetics of T lymphocyte subsets during the clinical course of acute dengue patients. Study design: In this hospital-based cohort study, 59 eligible Vietnamese dengue patients were recruited and admitted. They were investigated and monitored for T cell subsets and a panel of clinical and laboratory parameters every day until discharged and at post-discharge from the hospital. Results: We described for the first time the kinetics of T cell response during the clinical course of DENV infection. Severe cases showed significantly lower levels of effector CD8+ T cells compared to mild cases at day −1 (p = 0.017) and day 0 (p = 0.033) of defervescence. After defervescence, these cell counts in severe cases increased rapidly to equalize with the levels of mild cases. Our results also showed a decline in total CD4+ T, Th1, Th1/17 cells during febrile phase of dengue patients compared to normal controls or convalescent phase. On the other hand, Th2 cells increased during DENV infection until convalescent phase. Cytokines such as interferon-γ, IL-12p70, IL-5, IL-23, IL-17A showed tendency to decrease on day 0 and 1 compared with convalescence and only IL-5 showed significance indicating the production during acute phase was not systemic. Conclusion: With a rigorous study design, we uncovered the kinetics of T cells in natural DENV infection. Decreased number of effector CD8+ T cells in the early phase of infection and subsequent increment after defervescence day probably associated with the T cell migration in DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Huy Manh
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lan Nguyen Weiss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thuong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shyam Prakash Dumre
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Quang Chan Luong
- National Program for Dengue Control, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le Chi Thanh
- HIV Laboratory, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cao Minh Thang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Cao Thi Hong Nhung
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Mai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quang Truong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thien Thu Ngu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do Kien Quoc
- National Program for Dengue Control, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc Ha
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tran Ton
- HIV Laboratory, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Van An
- Nguyen Dinh Chieu Hospital, Ben Tre, Vietnam
| | - Oday Halhouli
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Le Nhat Quynh
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Mohamed Gomaa Kamel
- Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Vu Thi Que Huong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Online Research Club (www.onlineresearchclub.org/), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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22
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Port JR, Wozniak DM, Oestereich L, Pallasch E, Becker-Ziaja B, Müller J, Rottstegge M, Olal C, Gómez-Medina S, Oyakhliome J, Ighodalo Y, Omomoh E, Olokor T, Adomeh DI, Asogun D, Ogbani-Emovon E, Hartmann K, Krasemann S, Nelson EV, Escudero-Pérez B, McElroy AK, Günther S, Muñoz-Fontela C. Severe Human Lassa Fever Is Characterized by Nonspecific T-Cell Activation and Lymphocyte Homing to Inflamed Tissues. J Virol 2020; 94:e01367-20. [PMID: 32817220 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01367-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever may cause severe disease in humans, in particular in areas of endemicity like Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Despite its public health importance, the pathophysiology of Lassa fever in humans is poorly understood. Here, we present clinical immunology data obtained in the field during the 2018 Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria indicating that severe Lassa fever is associated with activation of T cells antigenically unrelated to Lassa virus and poor Lassa virus-specific effector T-cell responses. Mechanistically, we show that these bystander T cells express defined tissue homing signatures that suggest their recruitment to inflamed tissues and a putative role of these T cells in immunopathology. These findings open a window of opportunity to consider T-cell targeting as a potential postexposure therapeutic strategy against severe Lassa fever, a hypothesis that could be tested in relevant animal models, such as nonhuman primates. Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV), which is endemic to West African countries. Previous studies have suggested an important role for T-cell-mediated immunopathology in LF pathogenesis, but the mechanisms by which T cells influence disease severity and outcome are not well understood. Here, we present a multiparametric analysis of clinical immunology data collected during the 2017–2018 Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria. During the acute phase of LF, we observed robust activation of the polyclonal T-cell repertoire, which included LASV-specific and antigenically unrelated T cells. However, severe and fatal LF cases were characterized by poor LASV-specific effector T-cell responses. Severe LF was also characterized by the presence of circulating T cells with homing capacity to inflamed tissues, including the gut mucosa. These findings in LF patients were recapitulated in a mouse model of LASV infection, in which mucosal exposure resulted in remarkably high lethality compared to skin exposure. Taken together, our findings indicate that poor LASV-specific T-cell responses and activation of nonspecific T cells with homing capacity to inflamed tissues are associated with severe LF. IMPORTANCE Lassa fever may cause severe disease in humans, in particular in areas of endemicity like Sierra Leone and Nigeria. Despite its public health importance, the pathophysiology of Lassa fever in humans is poorly understood. Here, we present clinical immunology data obtained in the field during the 2018 Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria indicating that severe Lassa fever is associated with activation of T cells antigenically unrelated to Lassa virus and poor Lassa virus-specific effector T-cell responses. Mechanistically, we show that these bystander T cells express defined tissue homing signatures that suggest their recruitment to inflamed tissues and a putative role of these T cells in immunopathology. These findings open a window of opportunity to consider T-cell targeting as a potential postexposure therapeutic strategy against severe Lassa fever, a hypothesis that could be tested in relevant animal models, such as nonhuman primates.
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23
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Sanchez Vargas LA, Mathew A, Rothman AL. T lymphocyte responses to flaviviruses - diverse cell populations affect tendency toward protection and disease. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:28-34. [PMID: 32810785 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are medically important flaviviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and circulate in overlapping geographic areas. Cross-reactive immune responses have been demonstrated among the flaviviruses, particularly the four DENV serotypes. The immunological imprint left by a flavivirus infection can therefore have profound effects on the responses to subsequent infections. In this review we summarize recent research focusing on T cell responses to DENV using clinical samples from prospective cohort studies in Asia. These data suggest that durability of different T cell populations after natural infection or vaccination is an important consideration for the outcome of subsequent flavivirus exposures and we argue for continued investigation in the context of longitudinal cohort studies.
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24
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Wilken L, Rimmelzwaan GF. Adaptive Immunity to Dengue Virus: Slippery Slope or Solid Ground for Rational Vaccine Design? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060470. [PMID: 32549226 PMCID: PMC7350362 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus are the most widespread causes of arboviral disease, currently placing half of the human population at risk of infection. Pre-existing immunity to one dengue virus serotype can predispose to severe disease following secondary infection with a different serotype. The phenomenon of immune enhancement has complicated vaccine development and likely explains the poor long-term safety profile of a recently licenced dengue vaccine. Therefore, alternative vaccine strategies should be considered. This review summarises studies dissecting the adaptive immune responses to dengue virus infection and (experimental) vaccination. In particular, we discuss the roles of (i) neutralising antibodies, (ii) antibodies to non-structural protein 1, and (iii) T cells in protection and pathogenesis. We also address how these findings could translate into next-generation vaccine approaches that mitigate the risk of enhanced dengue disease. Finally, we argue that the development of a safe and efficacious dengue vaccine is an attainable goal.
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Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral illness infecting humans. Owing to the circulation of multiple serotypes, global expansion of the disease and recent gains in vaccination coverage, pre-existing immunity to dengue virus is abundant in the human population, and secondary dengue infections are common. Here, we contrast the mechanisms initiating and sustaining adaptive immune responses during primary infection with the immune pathways that are pre-existing and reactivated during secondary dengue. We also discuss new developments in our understanding of the contributions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and antibodies to immunity and memory recall. Memory recall may lead to protective or pathological outcomes, and understanding of these processes will be key to developing or refining dengue vaccines to be safe and effective.
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26
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Wijeratne DT, Fernando S, Gomes L, Jeewandara C, Jayarathna G, Perera Y, Wickramanayake S, Wijewickrama A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Association of dengue virus-specific polyfunctional T-cell responses with clinical disease severity in acute dengue infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2019; 7:276-285. [PMID: 31568656 PMCID: PMC6842812 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the role of dengue virus (DENV)-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of acute dengue infection is emerging, the functionality of virus-specific T cells associated with milder clinical disease has not been well studied. We sought to investigate how the functionality of DENV-NS3 and DENV-NS5 protein-specific T cells differ in patients with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). METHODS Using intracellular cytokine assays, we assessed the production of interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and CD107a expression in adult patients with acute DF (n = 21) and DHF (n = 22). RESULTS Quadruple cytokine-producing, polyfunctional DENV-NS3- and DENV-NS5-specific T cells were more frequent in those with DF when compared to those with DHF. While DENV-NS3- and DENV-NS5-specific T cells in patients with DF expressed IFNγ > TNF-α > MIP-β > CD107a, T cells of those with DHF predominantly expressed CD107a > MIP-1β > IFNγ > TNF-α. Overall production of IFNγ or TNF-α by DENV-NS3- and DENV-NS5-specific T cells was significantly higher in patients with DF. The majority of NS3-specific T cells in patients with DF (78.6%) and DHF (68.9%) were single-cytokine producers; 76.6% of DENV-NS5-specific T cells in those with DF and 77.1% of those with DHF, produced only a single cytokine. However, no significant association was found with polyfunctional T-cell responses and the degree of viraemia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional phenotype of DENV-specific T cells are likely to associate with clinical disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulharie T. Wijeratne
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Samitha Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Geethal Jayarathna
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Yashoda Perera
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | - Samurdhi Wickramanayake
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
| | | | - Graham S. Ogg
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gathsaurie N. Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and University of OxfordOxfordUK
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27
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Chng MHY, Lim MQ, Rouers A, Becht E, Lee B, MacAry PA, Lye DC, Leo YS, Chen J, Fink K, Rivino L, Newell EW. Large-Scale HLA Tetramer Tracking of T Cells during Dengue Infection Reveals Broad Acute Activation and Differentiation into Two Memory Cell Fates. Immunity 2019; 51:1119-1135.e5. [PMID: 31757672 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cells play important multifaceted roles during dengue infection, and understanding their responses is important for defining correlates of protective immunity and identifying effective vaccine antigens. Using mass cytometry and a highly multiplexed peptide-HLA (human leukocyte antigen) tetramer staining strategy, we probed T cells from dengue patients-a total of 430 dengue and control candidate epitopes-together with key markers of activation, trafficking, and differentiation. During acute disease, dengue-specific CD8+ T cells expressed a distinct profile of activation and trafficking receptors that distinguished them from non-dengue-specific T cells. During convalescence, dengue-specific T cells differentiated into two major cell fates, CD57+ CD127--resembling terminally differentiated senescent memory cells and CD127+ CD57--resembling proliferation-capable memory cells. Validation in an independent cohort showed that these subsets remained at elevated frequencies up to one year after infection. These analyses aid our understanding of the generation of T cell memory in dengue infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hui Yen Chng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mei Qiu Lim
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Etienne Becht
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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28
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Speranza E, Ruibal P, Port JR, Feng F, Burkhardt L, Grundhoff A, Günther S, Oestereich L, Hiscox JA, Connor JH, Muñoz-Fontela C. T-Cell Receptor Diversity and the Control of T-Cell Homeostasis Mark Ebola Virus Disease Survival in Humans. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S508-S518. [PMID: 29986035 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in T-cell phenotype, particularly the expression of markers of T-cell homeostasis, have been observed in fatal and nonfatal Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, the relationship between these markers with T-cell function and virus clearance during EVD is poorly understood. To gain biological insight into the role of T cells during EVD, combined transcriptomics and T-cell receptor sequencing was used to profile blood samples from fatal and nonfatal EVD patients from the recent West African EVD epidemic. Fatal EVD was characterized by strong T-cell activation and increased abundance of T-cell inhibitory molecules. However, the early T-cell response was oligoclonal and did not result in viral clearance. In contrast, survivors mounted highly diverse T-cell responses, maintained low levels of T-cell inhibitors, and cleared Ebola virus. Our findings highlight the importance of T-cell immunity in surviving EVD and strengthen the foundation for further research on targeting of the dendritic cell-T cell interface for postexposure immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Speranza
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Paula Ruibal
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia R Port
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Institute for Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA.,Department of Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston MA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner SiteHamburg, Germany
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Abstract
The Flavivirus genus is composed by viral serocomplexes with relevant global epidemiological impact. Many areas of the world present both, vector fauna and geographical conditions compatible with co-circulation, importing, emergence, and epidemics of flaviviruses of different serocomplexes. In this study, we aimed to identify both, immunological determinants and patterns of immune response possibly involved in flavivirus serocomplex cross-protection. We searched B and T cells epitopes which were thoroughly shown to be involved in flavivirus immunological control. Such epitopes were analyzed regarding their conservation, population coverage, and location along flavivirus polyprotein. We found that epitopes capable of eliciting flavivirus cross-protective immunity to a wide range of human populations are concentrated in proteins E, NS3, and NS5. Such identification of both, immunological determinants and patterns of immune response involved in flavivirus cross-protective immunity should be considered in future vaccine development. Moreover, cross-reactive epitopes presented in this work may be involved in dynamics of diseases caused by flaviviruses worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrany Dos Santos Franco
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Investigativa, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Letícia Tsieme Gushi
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Investigativa, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wilson Barros Luiz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Laboratório de Agentes Infecciosos e Vetores, Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Investigativa, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil
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Abstract
DENV is a major public health problem worldwide, thus underlining the overall significance of the proposed Program. The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (1-4) cause the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans, with 3 billion people at risk for infection and up to 100 million cases each year, most often affecting children. The protective role of T cells during viral infection is well-established. Generally, CD8 T cells can control viral infection through several mechanisms, including direct cytotoxicity, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. Similarly, CD4 T cells are thought to control viral infection through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of B and CD8 T cell responses, production of inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines, cytotoxicity, and promotion of memory responses. To probe the phenotype of virus-specific T cells, epitopes derived from viral sequences need to be known. Here we discuss the identification of CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes derived from DENV and how these epitopes have been used by researchers to interrogate the phenotype and function of DENV-specific T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Zimmer CL, Cornillet M, Solà-Riera C, Cheung KW, Ivarsson MA, Lim MQ, Marquardt N, Leo YS, Lye DC, Klingström J, MacAry PA, Ljunggren HG, Rivino L, Björkström NK. NK cells are activated and primed for skin-homing during acute dengue virus infection in humans. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3897. [PMID: 31467285 PMCID: PMC6715742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite animal models showing that natural killer (NK) cells are important players in the early defense against many viral infections, the NK cell response is poorly understood in humans. Here we analyze the phenotype, temporal dynamics, regulation and trafficking of NK cells in a patient cohort with acute dengue virus infection. NK cells are robustly activated and proliferate during the first week after symptom debut. Increased IL-18 levels in plasma and in induced skin blisters of DENV-infected patients, as well as concomitant signaling downstream of the IL-18R, suggests an IL-18-dependent mechanism in driving the proliferative NK cell response. Responding NK cells have a less mature phenotype and a distinct chemokine-receptor imprint indicative of skin-homing. A corresponding NK cell subset can be localized to skin early during acute infection. These data provide evidence of an IL-18-driven NK cell proliferation and priming for skin-homing during an acute viral infection in humans. Here, Zimmer et al. analyze the natural killer (NK) cell response in a patient cohort with acute dengue virus infection showing early NK cell activation and proliferation, and the data suggest that NK cell proliferation depends on IL-18 signaling, and that responding NK cells have a skin-homing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Zimmer
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carles Solà-Riera
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ka-Wai Cheung
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin A Ivarsson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Qiu Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Communicable Disease Centre, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Rivino
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Pontes Ferreira C, Cariste LM, Ferri Moraschi B, Ferrarini Zanetti B, Won Han S, Araki Ribeiro D, Vieira Machado A, Lannes-Vieira J, Gazzinelli RT, Vasconcelos JRC. CXCR3 chemokine receptor guides Trypanosoma cruzi-specific T-cells triggered by DNA/adenovirus ASP2 vaccine to heart tissue after challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007597. [PMID: 31356587 PMCID: PMC6687206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes play an important role in controlling infections by intracellular pathogens. Chemokines and their receptors are crucial for the migration of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which are the main IFNγ producers and cytotoxic effectors cells. Although the participation of chemokine ligands and receptors has been largely explored in viral infection, much less is known in infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. After T. cruzi infection, CXCR3 chemokine receptor is highly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Here, we hypothesized that CXCR3 is a key molecule for migration of parasite-specific CD8+ T-cells towards infected tissues, where they may play their effector activities. Using a model of induction of resistance to highly susceptible A/Sn mice using an ASP2-carrying DNA/adenovirus prime-boost strategy, we showed that CXCR3 expression was upregulated on CD8+ T-cells, which selectively migrated towards its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10. Anti-CXCR3 administration reversed the vaccine-induced resistance to T. cruzi infection in a way associated with hampered cytotoxic activity and increased proapoptotic markers on the H2KK-restricted TEWETGQI-specific CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, CXCR3 receptor critically guided TEWETGQI-specific effector CD8+ T-cells to the infected heart tissue that express CXCL9 and CXCL10. Overall, our study pointed CXCR3 and its ligands as key molecules to drive T. cruzi-specific effector CD8+ T-cells into the infected heart tissue. The unveiling of the process driving cell migration and colonization of infected tissues by pathogen-specific effector T-cells is a crucial requirement to the development of vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States ofAmerica
| | - José Ronnie Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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34
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Grifoni A, Moore E, Voic H, Sidney J, Phillips E, Jadi R, Mallal S, De Silva AD, De Silva AM, Peters B, Weiskopf D, Sette A. Characterization of Magnitude and Antigen Specificity of HLA-DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 Restricted DENV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1568. [PMID: 31333679 PMCID: PMC6624677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dengue Virus (DENV) associated disease is a major public health problem. Assessment of HLA class II restricted DENV-specific responses is relevant for immunopathology and definition of correlates of protection. While previous studies characterized responses restricted by the HLA-DRB1 locus, the responses associated with other class II loci have not been characterized to date. Accordingly, we mapped HLA-DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 restricted DENV-specific CD4 T cell epitopes in PBMCs derived from the DENV endemic region Sri Lanka. Methods: We studied 12 DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 alleles that are commonly expressed and provide worldwide coverage >82% for each of the loci analyzed and >99% when combined. CD4+ T cells purified by negative selection were stimulated with pools of HLA-predicted binders for 2 weeks with autologous APC. Epitope reactive T cells were enumerated using IFNγ ELISPOT assay. This strategy was previously applied to identify DRB1 restricted epitopes. In parallel, membrane expression levels of HLA-DR, DP, and DQ proteins was assessed using flow cytometry. Results: Epitopes were identified for all DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 allelic variants albeit with magnitudes significantly lower than the ones previously observed for the DRB1 locus. This was in line with lower membrane expression of HLA-DP and DQ molecules on the PBMCs tested, as compared to HLA-DR. Significant differences between loci were observed in antigen immunodominance. Capsid responses were dominant for DRB1/3/4/5 and DP alleles but negligible for the DQ alleles. NS3 responses were dominant in the case of DRB1/3/4/5 and DQ but absent in the case of DP. NS1 responses were prominent in the case of the DP alleles, but negligible in the case of DR and DQ. In terms of epitope specificity, repertoire was largely overlapping between DRB1 and DRB3/4/5, while DP and DQ loci recognized largely distinct epitope sets. Conclusion: The HLA-DP, DQ, and DRB3/4/5 loci mediate DENV-CD4 specific immune responses of lower magnitude as compared to HLA-DRB1, consistent with their lower levels of expression. The responses are associated with distinct and characteristic patterns of immunodominance, and variable epitope overlap across loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eugene Moore
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Voic
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ramesh Jadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aruna D De Silva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aravinda M De Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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35
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Martin MD, Jensen IJ, Ishizuka AS, Lefebvre M, Shan Q, Xue HH, Harty JT, Seder RA, Badovinac VP. Bystander responses impact accurate detection of murine and human antigen-specific CD8 T cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3894-3908. [PMID: 31219804 DOI: 10.1172/jci124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of memory CD8 T cells is important for controlling infections such as malaria HIV/AIDS, and for cancer immunotherapy. Accurate assessment of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T-cells is critical for vaccine optimization and defining correlates of protection. However, conditions for determining Ag-specific CD8 T-cell responses ex-vivo using ICS may be variable, especially in humans with complex antigens. Here, we used an attenuated whole parasite malaria vaccine model in humans and various experimental infections in mice to show that the duration of antigenic stimulation and timing of brefeldin A (BFA) addition influences the magnitude of Ag-specific and bystander T cell responses. Indeed, following immunization with an attenuated whole sporozoite malaria vaccine in humans, significantly higher numbers of IFN-γ producing memory CD8 T-cells comprised of antigen specific and bystander responses were detected by increasing the duration of Ag-stimulation prior to addition of BFA. Mechanistic analyses of virus-specific CD8 T-cells in mice revealed that the increase in IFNg producing CD8 T-cells was due to bystander activation of Ag-experienced memory CD8 T-cells, and correlated with the proportion of Ag-experienced CD8 T-cells in the stimulated populations. Incubation with anti-cytokine antibodies (ex. IL-12) improved accuracy in detecting bona-fide memory CD8 T-cell responses suggesting this as the mechanism for the bystander activation. These data have important implications for accurate assessment of immune responses generated by vaccines intended to elicit protective memory CD8 T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew S Ishizuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell Lefebvre
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qiang Shan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology and.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology and.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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36
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Sánchez-Vargas LA, Kounlavouth S, Smith ML, Anderson KB, Srikiatkhachorn A, Ellison DW, Currier JR, Endy TP, Mathew A, Rothman AL. Longitudinal Analysis of Memory B and T Cell Responses to Dengue Virus in a 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Thailand. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 31263466 PMCID: PMC6585174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior exposure to dengue virus (DENV) has a profound impact on the outcome of infection, which varies according to the interval between infections. Antibodies secreted by B cells and cytokines secreted by T cells are thought to contribute both to protective immunity against DENV and the pathogenesis of dengue disease. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from Thai children over a 5-year prospective cohort study to define the dynamics of DENV-specific memory B and T cell responses and the impact of symptomatic or subclinical DENV infections. To measure B cell responses, PBMC were stimulated with IL-2 plus R848 and culture supernatants were tested for DENV-binding antibodies by ELISA. To measure T cell responses, PBMC were stimulated in dual-color ELISPOT assays with overlapping peptide pools of structural and non-structural proteins from the four DENV types. B cell responses were low to one or more DENV types prior to symptomatic infection and increased with reactivity to all four types after infection. Subjects who had a subclinical infection or who did not experience a DENV infection during the study period showed strong memory B cell responses to all four DENV types. T cell responses to DENV peptides demonstrated a cytokine hierarchy of IFN-γ > IL-2 > IFN-γ/IL-2. T cell responses were low or absent prior to secondary infections. The trends in T cell responses to DENV peptides over 3 year post-infection were highly variable, but subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV1 infection showed higher cytokine responses compared to subjects who had experienced a secondary DENV2 or subclinical infection. The longitudinal nature of our study demonstrates persistent memory B cell responses over years and a lasting but variable impact of secondary DENV infection on DENV-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sánchez-Vargas
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sonia Kounlavouth
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Madison L Smith
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Timothy P Endy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York-Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Anuja Mathew
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
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37
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Elong Ngono A, Shresta S. Cross-Reactive T Cell Immunity to Dengue and Zika Viruses: New Insights Into Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1316. [PMID: 31244855 PMCID: PMC6579874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the Flavivirus family that includes Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus. As the most prevalent of the flaviviruses, DENV is responsible for tens of millions of infections each year. The clinical manifestations of infection with one of the four DENV serotypes (DENV1–4) range from no symptoms to hemorrhagic fever and shock (“severe dengue”), which is fatal in ~25,000 patients annually. Many factors contribute to the development of severe dengue, including the DENV serotype and host expression of certain HLA alleles; however, it now seems clear that pre-existing immunity to DENV—and possibly other flaviviruses—is a major precipitating factor. While primary infection with one DENV serotype elicits strong cellular and humoral immune responses that likely confer long-lived protection against the same serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype carries an increased risk of developing severe dengue. Thus, primary DENV infection elicits cross-reactive immunity that may be protective or pathogenic, depending on the context of the subsequent infection. Many flaviviruses share high sequence homology, raising the possibility that cross-reactive immunity to one virus may contribute to protection against or pathogenesis of a second virus in a similar manner. In addition, several flaviviruses are now endemic in overlapping geographic regions, underscoring the need to gain more knowledge about the mechanisms underlying cross-reactive immunity to different DENV serotypes and flaviviruses. Here, we review our current understanding of T cell immunity to DENV, focusing on cross-reactivity with other serotypes and flaviviruses such as ZIKV, and the role of DENV-elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protection. Recent work in this area supports a beneficial role for cross-reactive T cells and provides new insights into the design of safe and efficient flavivirus/pan-flavivirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Elong Ngono
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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38
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Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes infection in humans and current estimates place 40% of the world population at risk for contracting disease. There are four DENV serotypes that induce a febrile illness, which can develop into a severe and life-threatening disease in some cases, characterized primarily by vascular dysregulation. As a mosquito-borne infection, the skin is the initial site of DENV inoculation and also where primary host immune responses are initiated. This review discusses the early immune response to DENV in the skin by both infection target cells such as dendritic cells and by immune sentinels such as mast cells. We provide an overview of the mechanisms of immune sensing and functional immune responses that have been shown to aid clearance of DENV in vivo. Finally, we discuss factors that can influence the immune response to DENV in the skin, such as mosquito saliva, which is co-injected with virus during natural route infection, and pre-existing immunity to other DENV serotypes or to related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore .,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Tian Y, Babor M, Lane J, Seumois G, Liang S, Goonawardhana NDS, De Silva AD, Phillips EJ, Mallal SA, da Silva Antunes R, Grifoni A, Vijayanand P, Weiskopf D, Peters B, Sette A. Dengue-specific CD8+ T cell subsets display specialized transcriptomic and TCR profiles. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1727-1741. [PMID: 30882366 DOI: 10.1172/jci123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that CD8+ T cells contribute to protection from severe dengue virus (DENV) disease and vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, molecular programs associated with DENV-specific CD8+ T cell subsets have not been defined. Here, we studied the transcriptomic profiles of human DENV-specific CD8+ T cells isolated after stimulation with DENV epitopes from donors who had been infected with DENV multiple times and would therefore be expected to have significant levels of adaptive immunity. We found that DENV-specific CD8+ T cells mainly consisted of effector memory subsets, namely CD45RA-CCR7- effector memory (Tem) and CD45RA+CCR7- effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (Temra) cells, which enacted specific gene expression profiles upon stimulation with cognate antigens. DENV-specific CD8+ T cell subsets in general, and Temra cells in particular, were fully activated and polyfunctional, yet associated with relatively narrow transcriptional responses. Furthermore, we found that DENV-specific CD8+ Tem and Temra cells showed some unique T cell receptor features in terms of overlap and variable (V) gene usage. This study provides a transcriptomic definition of DENV-specific activated human CD8+ T cell subsets and defines a benchmark profile that vaccine-specific responses could aim to reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mariana Babor
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerome Lane
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shu Liang
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - N D Suraj Goonawardhana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D De Silva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Paraclinical Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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40
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Wen J, Shresta S. Antigenic cross-reactivity between Zika and dengue viruses: is it time to develop a universal vaccine? Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 59:1-8. [PMID: 30884384 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zika and the four serotypes of dengue are closely related flaviviruses that share a high degree of structural and sequence homology and co-circulate in many regions of the world. Here, we review recent studies investigating antigenic cross-reactivity between the two viruses. We discuss the pathogenic and protective roles of cross-reactive anti-viral antibody and T cell responses, respectively, in modulating the outcome of secondary dengue or Zika infection. Based on recent findings and increased incidence of severe disease in seronegative recipients of the first dengue vaccine to be licensed, we propose that the time has come to focus on developing pan-flavivirus vaccines that protect against Zika and four dengue serotypes by eliciting protective cross-reactive T cell responses while concomitantly reducing production of cross-reactive antibodies that can exacerbate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Wen
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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41
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Perdomo-Celis F, Salvato MS, Medina-Moreno S, Zapata JC. T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E11. [PMID: 30678246 PMCID: PMC6466054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of clinically similar diseases that can be caused by enveloped RNA viruses primarily from the families Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Flaviviridae. Clinically, this group of diseases has in common fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and other associated symptoms that can progress to vascular leakage, bleeding and multi-organ failure. Most of these viruses are zoonotic causing asymptomatic infections in the primary host, but in human beings, the infection can be lethal. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the T-cell response is needed for protection against VHF, but can also cause damage to the host, and play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we present a review of the T-cell immune responses to VHF and insights into the possible ways to improve counter-measures for these viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Medina-Moreno
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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42
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Wijeratne DT, Fernando S, Gomes L, Jeewandara C, Ginneliya A, Samarasekara S, Wijewickrama A, Hardman CS, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Quantification of dengue virus specific T cell responses and correlation with viral load and clinical disease severity in acute dengue infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006540. [PMID: 30273352 PMCID: PMC6181435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to understand the role of dengue virus (DENV) specific T cell responses that associate with protection, we studied their frequency and phenotype in relation to clinical disease severity and resolution of viraemia in a large cohort of patients with varying severity of acute dengue infection. Methodology/Principal findings Using ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot assays we determined the frequency of dengue viral peptide (DENV)-NS3, NS1 and NS5 responsive T cells in 74 adult patients with acute dengue infection and examined the association of responsive T cell frequency with the extent of viraemia and clinical disease severity. We found that total DENV-specific and DENV-NS3-specific T cell responses, were higher in patients with dengue fever (DF), when compared to those with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). In addition, those with DF had significantly higher (p = 0.02) DENV-specific T cell responses on day 4 of infection compared to those who subsequently developed DHF. DENV peptide specific T cell responses inversely correlated with the degree of viraemia, which was most significant for DENV-NS3 specific T cell responses (Spearman’s r = -0.47, p = 0.0003). The frequency of T cell responses to NS1, NS5 and pooled DENV peptides, correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia but had no association with levels of liver transaminases. In contrast, total DENV-IgG inversely correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia and levels of liver transaminases. Conclusions/Significance Early appearance of DENV-specific T cell IFNγ responses before the onset of plasma leakage, appears to associate with milder clinical disease and resolution of viraemia, suggesting a protective role in acute dengue infection. In order to understand the role of dengue virus (DENV) specific T cell responses in protection against infection, we studied T cell cytokine production in relation to clinical disease severity and resolution of viraemia in a large cohort of patients with varying severity of acute dengue infection. We found that DENV-specific T cell responses were higher in patients with dengue fever, when compared to those with dengue haemorrhagic fever. In addition, early appearance of DENV-specific T cell responses was significantly associated with milder clinical disease (p = 0.02). DENV peptide specific T cell responses inversely correlated with the degree of viraemia, which was most significant for DENV-NS3 specific T cell responses (Spearman’s r = -0.47, p = 0.0003). The frequency of NS1, NS5 and pooled DENV peptides, correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia but had no association with liver transaminases. Our data suggest that early appearance of DENV-specific T cell IFNγ responses appear to associate with milder clinical disease and resolution of viraemia, suggesting a protective role in acute dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samitha Fernando
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Ginneliya
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Supun Samarasekara
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Clare S. Hardman
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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43
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Regla-Nava JA, Elong Ngono A, Viramontes KM, Huynh AT, Wang YT, Nguyen AT, Salgado R, Mamidi A, Kim K, Diamond MS, Shresta S. Cross-reactive Dengue virus-specific CD8 + T cells protect against Zika virus during pregnancy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3042. [PMID: 30072692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As Zika virus (ZIKV) emerges into Dengue virus (DENV)-endemic areas, cases of ZIKV infection in DENV-immune pregnant women may rise. Here we show that prior DENV immunity affects maternal and fetal ZIKV infection in pregnancy using sequential DENV and ZIKV infection models. Fetuses in ZIKV-infected DENV-immune dams were normal sized, whereas fetal demise occurred in non-immune dams. Moreover, reduced ZIKV RNA is present in the placenta and fetuses of ZIKV-infected DENV-immune dams. DENV cross-reactive CD8+ T cells expand in the maternal spleen and decidua of ZIKV-infected dams, their depletion increases ZIKV infection in the placenta and fetus, and results in fetal demise. The inducement of cross-reactive CD8+ T cells via peptide immunization or adoptive transfer results in decreased ZIKV infection in the placenta. Prior DENV immunity can protect against ZIKV infection during pregnancy in mice, and CD8+ T cells are sufficient for this cross-protection. This has implications for understanding the natural history of ZIKV in DENV-endemic areas and the development of optimal ZIKV vaccines.
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44
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Jayaratne HE, Wijeratne D, Fernando S, Kamaladasa A, Gomes L, Wijewickrama A, Ogg GS, Malavige GN. Regulatory T-cells in acute dengue viral infection. Immunology 2018; 154:89-97. [PMID: 29140541 PMCID: PMC5904698 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regulatory T-cells (Tregs ) have been shown to be expanded in acute dengue, their role in pathogenesis and their relationship to clinical disease severity and extent of viraemia have not been fully evaluated. The frequency of Tregs was assessed in 56 adult patients with acute dengue by determining the proportion of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expressing CD4+ CD25+ T-cells (FoxP3+ cells). Dengue virus (DENV) viral loads were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DENV-specific T-cell responses were measured by ex-vivo interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays to overlapping peptide pools of DENV-NS3, NS1 and NS5. CD45RA and CCR4 were used to phenotype different subsets of T-cells and their suppressive potential was assessed by their expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Fas. While the frequency of FoxP3+ cells in patients was significantly higher (P < 0·0001) when compared to healthy individuals, they did not show any relationship with clinical disease severity or the degree of viraemia. The frequency of FoxP3+ cells did not correlate with either ex-vivo IFN-γ DENV-NS3-, NS5- or NS1-specific T-cell responses. FoxP3+ cells of patients with acute dengue were predominantly CD45RA+ FoxP3low , followed by CD45RA-FoxP3low , with only a small proportion of FoxP3+ cells being of the highly suppressive effector Treg subtype. Expression of CCR4 was also low in the majority of T-cells, with only CCR4 only being expressed at high levels in the effector Treg population. Therefore, although FoxP3+ cells are expanded in acute dengue, they predominantly consist of naive Tregs , with poor suppressive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulharie Wijeratne
- Centre for Dengue ResearchUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraColomboSri Lanka
| | - Samitha Fernando
- Centre for Dengue ResearchUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraColomboSri Lanka
| | - Achala Kamaladasa
- Centre for Dengue ResearchUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraColomboSri Lanka
| | - Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue ResearchUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraColomboSri Lanka
| | | | - Graham Stuart Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxfordUK
| | - Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Centre for Dengue ResearchUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraColomboSri Lanka
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxfordUK
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45
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Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Zika (ZIKV) are human pathogens of global significance. In particular, DENV causes the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans, and ZIKV emerged from obscurity into the spotlight in 2016 as the etiologic agent of congenital Zika syndrome. Owing to the recent emergence of ZIKV as a global pandemic threat, the roles of the immune system during ZIKV infections are as yet unclear. In contrast, decades of DENV research implicate a dual role for the immune system in protection against and pathogenesis of DENV infection. As DENV and ZIKV are closely related, knowledge based on DENV studies has been used to prioritize investigation of ZIKV immunity and pathogenesis, and to accelerate ZIKV diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine design. This review discusses the following topics related to innate and adaptive immune responses to DENV and ZIKV: the interferon system as the key mechanism of host defense and viral target for immune evasion, antibody-mediated protection versus antibody-dependent enhancement, and T cell-mediated protection versus original T cell antigenic sin. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the balance between immune-mediated protection and pathogenesis during DENV and ZIKV infections is critical toward development of safe and effective DENV and ZIKV therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Elong Ngono
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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46
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Abstract
Our understanding of how T cells respond to dengue virus has greatly advanced in the last decade but important questions still remain unanswered. Dengue virus infection elicits a broad anti-viral T cell response with NS3, NS4b and NS5 being the main targets for CD8+ T cells, which dominate the response while the structural proteins capsid, envelope and the secreted protein NS1 are the preferential targets for CD4+ T cells. Upon T cell activation during acute dengue infection, dengue-specific T cells acquire expression of the skin-homing marker cutaneous associated antigen (CLA) and they can be found at high frequencies in the skin of infected patients. This suggests that the skin represents an important site for the immuno surveillance of dengue virus. The immunoprotective role of skin-homing dengue-specific T cells, their potential involvement in pathological skin manifestations and their long-term persistence as tissue resident T cells to provide immediate onsite protection are open questions that we are currently investigating. The contribution of pre-existing dengue-specific T cells towards protective immunity and/or immunopathology during secondary dengue infection remains a major knowledge gap. The evidence supporting these opposing outcomes and our current understanding of the characteristics of the human T cell response to dengue virus will be discussed.
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47
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Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important arboviral infections worldwide, infecting up to 390 million people and causing 25,000 deaths annually. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, it is not efficacious against dengue serotypes that infect people living in South East Asia, where dengue is an endemic disease. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient dengue vaccine for this region. Data from different clinical trials indicate that a successful dengue vaccine must elicit both neutralizing antibodies and cell mediated immunity. This can be achieved by designing a multi-epitope peptide vaccine comprising B, CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes. As recognition of T cell epitopes are restricted by human leukocyte antigens (HLA), T cell epitopes which are able to recognize several major HLAs will be preferentially included in the vaccine design. While peptide vaccines are safe, biocompatible and cost-effective, it is poorly immunogenic. Strategies to improve its immunogenicity by the use of long peptides, adjuvants and nanoparticle delivery mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chit Laa Poh
- Address correspondence to this author at the Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel: +60-3-7491 8622 ext. 7338; E-mail:
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48
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Keawvichit R, Khowawisetsut L, Lertjuthaporn S, Tangnararatchakit K, Apiwattanakul N, Yoksan S, Chuansumrit A, Chokephaibulkit K, Ansari AA, Onlamoon N, Pattanapanyasat K. Differences in activation and tissue homing markers of natural killer cell subsets during acute dengue infection. Immunology 2017; 153:455-465. [PMID: 29105052 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is considered one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases. It causes a spectrum of illness that could be due to qualitative and/or quantitative difference(s) of the natural killer (NK) cell responses during acute DENV infection. This view prompted us to perform a detailed phenotypic comparative characterization of NK cell subsets from DENV-infected patients with dengue fever (DF), patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and healthy controls. The activation/differentiation molecules, CD69 and CD57 and a variety of tissue homing molecules were analysed on the CD56hi CD16- and CD56lo CD16+ NK cells. Although there was no increase in the frequency of the total NK cells during DENV infection compared with the healthy individuals, there was a significant increase in the frequency of the CD56hi CD16- subset and the frequency of CD69 expression by both NK cell subsets during the febrile phase of infection. We also found an increase in the frequencies of cells expressing CD69 and CD57 in the CD56lo CD16+ subset compared with those in the CD56hi CD16- subset. Moreover, although the CD56lo CD16+ subset contained a high frequency of cells expressing skin-homing markers, the CD56hi CD16- subset contained a high frequency of cells expressing bone marrow and lymph node trafficking markers. Interestingly, no differences of these NK cell subsets were noted in samples from patients with DF versus those with DHF. These findings suggest that activation and differentiation and the patterns of tissue homing molecules of the two major NK cell subsets are different and that these might play a critical role in the immune response against acute DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rassamon Keawvichit
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakaorat Lertjuthaporn
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Tangnararatchakit
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Centre for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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49
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Duyen HTL, Cerny D, Trung DT, Pang J, Velumani S, Toh YX, Qui PT, Hao NV, Simmons C, Haniffa M, Wills B, Fink K. Skin dendritic cell and T cell activation associated with dengue shock syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14224. [PMID: 29079750 PMCID: PMC5660158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of severe dengue remains unclear, particularly the mechanisms underlying the plasma leakage that results in hypovolaemic shock in a small proportion of individuals. Maximal leakage occurs several days after peak viraemia implicating immunological pathways. Skin is a highly vascular organ and also an important site of immune reactions with a high density of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and T cells. We obtained skin biopsies and contemporaneous blood samples from patients within 24 hours of onset of dengue shock syndrome (DSS), and from healthy controls. We analyzed cell subsets by flow cytometry, and soluble mediators and antibodies by ELISA; the percentage of migratory CD1a+ dermal DCs was significantly decreased in the DSS patients, and skin CD8+ T cells were activated, but there was no accumulation of dengue-specific antibodies. Inflammatory monocytic cells were not observed infiltrating the skin of DSS cases on whole-mount histology, although CD14dim cells disappeared from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Thi Le Duyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dinh The Trung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jassia Pang
- Biological Resource Centre (BRC), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumathy Velumani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Phan Tu Qui
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hao
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cameron Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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50
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Grifoni A, Angelo MA, Lopez B, O'Rourke PH, Sidney J, Cerpas C, Balmaseda A, Silveira CGT, Maestri A, Costa PR, Durbin AP, Diehl SA, Phillips E, Mallal S, De Silva AD, Nchinda G, Nkenfou C, Collins MH, de Silva AM, Lim MQ, Macary PA, Tatullo F, Solomon T, Satchidanandam V, Desai A, Ravi V, Coloma J, Turtle L, Rivino L, Kallas EG, Peters B, Harris E, Sette A, Weiskopf D. Global Assessment of Dengue Virus-Specific CD4 + T Cell Responses in Dengue-Endemic Areas. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1309. [PMID: 29081779 PMCID: PMC5646259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide. Assessment of adaptive immunity is important to understanding immunopathology and to define correlates of protection against dengue virus (DENV). To enable global assessment of CD4+ T cell responses, we mapped HLA-DRB1-restricted DENV-specific CD4+ T cell epitopes in individuals previously exposed to DENV in the general population of the dengue-endemic region of Managua, Nicaragua. Methods HLA class II epitopes in the population of Managua were identified by an in vitro IFNγ ELISPOT assay. CD4+ T cells purified by magnetic bead negative selection were stimulated with HLA-matched epitope pools in the presence of autologous antigen-presenting cells, followed by pool deconvolution to identify specific epitopes. The epitopes identified in this study were combined with those previously identified in the DENV endemic region of Sri Lanka, to generate a “megapool” (MP) consisting of 180 peptides specifically designed to achieve balanced HLA and DENV serotype coverage. The DENV CD4MP180 was validated by intracellular cytokine staining assays. Results We detected responses directed against a total of 431 epitopes, representing all 4 DENV serotypes, restricted by 15 different HLA-DRB1 alleles. The responses were associated with a similar pattern of protein immunodominance, overall higher magnitude of responses, as compared to what was observed previously in the Sri Lanka region. Based on these epitope mapping studies, we designed a DENV CD4 MP180 with higher and more consistent coverage, which allowed the detection of CD4+ T cell DENV responses ex vivo in various cohorts of DENV exposed donors worldwide, including donors from Nicaragua, Brazil, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and U.S. domestic flavivirus-naïve subjects immunized with Tetravalent Dengue Live-Attenuated Vaccine (TV005). This broad reactivity reflects that the 21 HLA-DRB1 alleles analyzed in this and previous studies account for more than 80% of alleles present with a phenotypic frequency ≥5% worldwide, corresponding to 92% phenotypic coverage of the general population (i.e., 92% of individuals express at least one of these alleles). Conclusion The DENV CD4 MP180 can be utilized to measure ex vivo responses to DENV irrespective of geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Angelo
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Patrick H O'Rourke
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cristhiam Cerpas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Cassia G T Silveira
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvino Maestri
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla R Costa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Aruna D De Silva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Godwin Nchinda
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS CIRCB, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nkenfou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS CIRCB, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Matthew H Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mei Qiu Lim
- Emerging Infectious Disease Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Macary
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Filippo Tatullo
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Desai
- Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Vasanthapram Ravi
- Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lance Turtle
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- Emerging Infectious Disease Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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