1
|
Liang JJ, Pitsillou E, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. A repository of COVID-19 related molecular dynamics simulations and utilisation in the context of nsp10-nsp16 antivirals. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108666. [PMID: 37976980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of establishing systems and infrastructure to develop vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapeutic antibodies against emerging pathogens. Typical drug discovery processes involve targeting suitable proteins to effect pathogen replication or to attenuate host responses, by examining either large chemical databases or protein-protein interactions. Following initial screens, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are critical for gaining further insight into molecular interactions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many research groups made their simulations widely available, as highlighted by the comprehensive D.E. Shaw Research trajectory database. To investigate protein target sites and evaluate potential lead compounds, we performed over 300 MD simulations relating to COVID-19. We organised our simulations into a repository, which is publicly available at https://epimedlab.org/trajectories/. The trajectories cover a large part of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteome, and the majority of our MD simulations focused on the identification of potential antivirals. For example, we focused on the S-adenosyl-l-methionine binding site of the nsp10-nsp16 complex, a critical component of viral replication, revealing verbascoside as a potential lead. Moreover, we utilised MD trajectories to explore the interface between the spike protein receptor binding domain and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, with the ultimate aim being investigation of new variants in real-time. Overall, MD simulations are a critical component of the in silico drug discovery process and as highlighted throughout the pandemic, data sharing enables accelerated progress. We have organised our extensive collection of COVID-19 related MD trajectories into an easily accessible repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Liang
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia; Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia; Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Training, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Microbial production of antibiotics is common, but our understanding of their roles in the environment is limited. In this study, we explore long-standing observations that microbes increase the production of redox-active antibiotics under phosphorus limitation. The availability of phosphorus, a nutrient required by all life on Earth and essential for agriculture, can be controlled by adsorption to and release from iron minerals by means of redox cycling. Using phenazine antibiotic production by pseudomonads as a case study, we show that phenazines are regulated by phosphorus, solubilize phosphorus through reductive dissolution of iron oxides in the lab and field, and increase phosphorus-limited microbial growth. Phenazines are just one of many examples of phosphorus-regulated antibiotics. Our work suggests a widespread but previously unappreciated role for redox-active antibiotics in phosphorus acquisition and cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy L McRose
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. .,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Zika virus has spread rapidly in the Americas and has caused devastation of human populations affected in these regions. The virus causes teratogenic effects involving the nervous system, and in adults and children can cause a neuropathy similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome, an anterior myelitis, or, rarely, an encephalitis. While major efforts have been undertaken to control mosquito populations that spread the virus and to develop a vaccine, drug development that directly targets the virus in an infected individual to prevent or treat the neurological manifestations is necessary. Rational and targeted drug development is possible since the viral life cycle and the structure of the key viral proteins are now well understood. While several groups have identified therapeutic candidates, their approaches differ in the types of screening processes and viral assays used. Animal studies are available for only a few compounds. Here we provide an exhaustive review and compare each of the classes of drugs discovered, the methods used for drug discovery, and their potential use in humans for the prevention or treatment of neurological complications of Zika virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P M Abrams
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Solis
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Several nucleoside antibiotics from various actinomycetes contain a high-carbon sugar nucleoside that is putatively derived via C-5'-modification of the canonical nucleoside. Two prominent examples are the 5'-C-carbamoyluridine- and 5'-C-glycyluridine-containing nucleosides, both families of which were discovered using screens aimed at finding inhibitors of bacterial translocase I involved in the assembly of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall. A shared open reading frame was identified whose gene product is similar to enzymes of the nonheme, Fe(II)-, and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. The enzyme LipL from the biosynthetic pathway for A-90289, a 5'-C-glycyluridine-containing nucleoside, was functionally characterized as an UMP:α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, providing the enzymatic imperative for the generation of a nucleoside-5'-aldehdye that serves as a downstream substrate for an aldol or aldol-type reaction leading to the high-carbon sugar scaffold. The functional assignment of LipL and the homologous enzymes-including bioinformatic analysis, iron detection and quantification, and assay development for biochemical characterization-is presented herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jason Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biopharmaceutical Research Group I, Biopharmaceutical Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1, Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Ohra-gun, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aktas M, Narberhaus F. In vitro characterization of the enzyme properties of the phospholipid N-methyltransferase PmtA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Bacteriol 2009; 191:2033-41. [PMID: 19181804 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01591-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires phosphatidylcholine (PC) in its membranes for plant infection. The phospholipid N-methyltransferase PmtA catalyzes all three transmethylation reactions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC via the intermediates monomethylphosphatidylethanolamine (MMPE) and dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE). The enzyme uses S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor, converting it to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Little is known about the activity of bacterial Pmt enzymes, since PC biosynthesis in prokaryotes is rare. In this article, we present the purification and in vitro characterization of A. tumefaciens PmtA, which is a monomeric protein. It binds to PE, the intermediates MMPE and DMPE, the end product PC, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol. Binding of the phospholipid substrates precedes binding of SAM. We used a coupled in vitro assay system to demonstrate the enzymatic activity of PmtA and to show that PmtA is inhibited by the end products PC and SAH and the antibiotic sinefungin. The presence of PG stimulates PmtA activity. Our study provides insights into the catalysis and control of a bacterial phospholipid N-methyltransferase.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma GV, Rao KS, Ravi R, Narsimulu K, Nagendar P, Chandramouli C, Kumar SK, Kunwar A. Synthesis ofβ-Peptides withβ-Helices from New C-Linked Carbo-β-Amino Acids: Study on the Impact of Carbohydrate Side Chains. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:181-93. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Singh V, Tripathi CKM, Bihari V. Production, optimization and purification of an antifungal compound from Streptomyces capoamus MTCC 8123. Med Chem Res 2008; 17:94-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
After influenza infection, C57BL/6J mice develop increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase of the day-night cycle, whereas BALB/cByJ mice develop decreased SWS during the light phase. A previous analysis of CXB recombinant inbred mice revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) designated Srilp (sleep response to influenza, light phase) that was related to expression of the BALB/cByJ sleep phenotype. Srilp was localized to the 10- to 12-cM region of mouse Chr 6 between D6Mit74 and D6Mit188. Temt (thioether S-methyltransferase), which is located at region B3 of Chr 6, is a potential candidate gene for Srilp. We evaluated the expression of Temt and other Srilp candidate genes in hypothalamus and basal forebrain of uninfected and influenza-infected C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice. We report here that Temt expression varies significantly with respect to mouse strain, health status, brain region, and day-night phase. C57BL/6J mice show day-night variation in Temt expression in hypothalamus, but BALB/cByJ mice do not. Temt expression in basal forebrain is much higher in C57BL/6J mice than in BALB/cByJ mice. During influenza infection, both C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice show reduced Temt mRNA in basal forebrain at 30 h postinoculation, but expression remains much lower in the BALB/cByJ strain. In contrast, prostaglandin-d-synthase ( Ptgds) and lipocalin 2 ( Lcn2) mRNA increase in basal forebrain of both strains after influenza infection. Administration of the TEMT inhibitor sinefungin reduces sleep in uninfected BALB/cByJ mice and attenuates influenza-induced sleep enhancement in C57BL/6J mice. These data suggest that strain- and infection-related alterations in sleep may be influenced by Temt expression and perhaps by subsequent effects on prostaglandin metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9616, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chrebet GL, Wisniewski D, Perkins AL, Deng Q, Kurtz MB, Marcy A, Parent SA. Cell-based assays to detect inhibitors of fungal mRNA capping enzymes and characterization of sinefungin as a cap methyltransferase inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:355-64. [PMID: 15964937 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104273333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The m7GpppN cap at the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNAs is important for transcript stability and translation. Three enzymatic activities that generate the mRNA cap include an RNA 5'-triphosphatase, an RNA guanylyltransferase, and an RNA (guanine-7-) -methyltransferase. The physical organization of the genes encoding these enzymes differs between mammalian cells and yeast, fungi, or viruses. The catalytic mechanism used by the RNA triphosphatases of mammalian cells also differs from that used by the yeast, fungal, or viral enzymes. These structural and functional differences suggest that inhibitors of mRNA capping might be useful antifungal or antiviral agents. The authors describe several whole-cell yeast-based assays developed to identify and characterize inhibitors of fungal mRNA capping. They also report the identification and characterization of the natural product sinefungin in the assays. Their characterization of this S-adenosylmethionine analog suggests that it inhibits mRNA cap methyltransferases and exhibits approximately 5- to 10-fold specificity for the yeast ABD1 and fungal CCM1 enzymes over the human Hcm1 enzyme expressed in yeast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Chrebet
- Departments of Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martín JF. Control of antibiotic synthesis by phosphate. In: Ghose TK, Fiechter A, Blakebrough N, editors. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 6. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1977. pp. 105-27. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-08363-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
11
|
McDaniel BAM, Grundy FJ, Artsimovitch I, Henkin TM. Transcription termination control of the S box system: direct measurement of S-adenosylmethionine by the leader RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:3083-8. [PMID: 12626738 PMCID: PMC152250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0630422100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the structure of a leader RNA to control formation of an intrinsic termination signal is a common mechanism for regulation of gene expression in bacteria. Expression of the S box genes in Gram-positive organisms is induced in response to limitation for methionine. We previously postulated that methionine availability is monitored by binding of a regulatory factor to the leader RNA and suggested that methionine or S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) could serve as the metabolic signal. In this study, we show that efficient termination of the S box leader region by bacterial RNA polymerase depends on SAM but not on methionine or other related compounds. We also show that SAM directly binds to and induces a conformational change in the leader RNA. Both binding of SAM and SAM-directed transcription termination were blocked by leader mutations that cause constitutive expression in vivo. Overproduction of SAM synthetase in Bacillus subtilis resulted in delay in induction of S box gene expression in response to methionine starvation, consistent with the hypothesis that SAM is the molecular effector in vivo. These results indicate that SAM concentration is sensed directly by the nascent transcript in the absence of a trans-acting factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Murphy McDaniel
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tucholski J, Zmijewski JW, Podhajska AJ. Two intertwined methylation activities of the MmeI restriction-modification class-IIS system from Methylophilus methylotrophus. Gene 1998; 223:293-302. [PMID: 9858752 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The class-IIS restriction endonuclease, R.MmeI, was isolated from Methylophilus methylotrophus. It was originally described as a monomeric enzyme, with the native Mr 105000+/-7000, which did not cleave DNA efficiently [Boyd et al. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 5255-5274; Tucholski et al. (1995) Gene 157, 87-92]. However, it was discovered that R.MmeI endonucleolytic activity is enhanced by S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) and sinefungin, an analogue of AdoMet. Surprisingly, the purified R.MmeI endonuclease was found to have a second enzymatic activity, namely methylation of the adenine residue to N6-methyladenine in the top strand of the MmeI-recognition sequence, 5'-TCCR*AC-3' (*A=meA. The R.MmeI methylating activity requires AdoMet and is increased in the presence of several divalent cations, 20-fold by Mg2+ or Ca2+, and less by Mn2+, Zn2+ and Co2+; however, methylation is inhibited entirely by sinefungin, at concentrations above 9microM. The latter observation shows that the enhancing effect of AdoMet or sinefungin on the DNA cleavage was not related to the process of DNA methylation. Furthermore, a second component of the MmeI restriction-modification system, a M.MmeI methyltransferase, was isolated and purified. The M.MmeI protein was found to have an Mr of 48000+/-2000 (under denaturing conditions) and to methylate both adenine residues (*A) in the MmeI-recognition sequence 5'-TCCR*AC-3'/3'-*AGGYTG-5'. Methylation of the top strand does not inhibit the DNA cleavage by R.MmeI, whereas methylation of both DNA strands blocks the cleavage process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tucholski
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Kladki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schluckebier G, Kozak M, Bleimling N, Weinhold E, Saenger W. Differential binding of S-adenosylmethionine S-adenosylhomocysteine and Sinefungin to the adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase M.TaqI. J Mol Biol 1997; 265:56-67. [PMID: 8995524 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the binary complexes of the DNA methyltransferase M.TaqI with the inhibitor Sinefungin and the reaction product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine were determined, both at 2.6 A resolution. Structural comparison of these binary complexes with the complex formed by M.TaqI and the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine suggests that the key element for molecular recognition of these ligands is the binding of their adenosine part in a pocket, and discrimination between cofactor, reaction product and inhibitor is mediated by different conformations of these molecules; the methionine part of S-adenosyl-L-methionine is located in the binding cleft, whereas the amino acid moieties of Sinefungin and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine are in a different orientation and interact with the active site amino acid residues 105NPPY108. Dissociation constants for the complexes of M.TaqI with the three ligands were determined spectrofluorometrically. Sinefungin binds more strongly than S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine or S-adenosyl-L-methionine, with KD=0.34 microM, 2.4 microM and 2.0 microM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Schluckebier
- Institut für Kristallographie Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagao K, Suzuki K, Tokunaga J, Miyazaki H, Katayama N, Mitsuyama R, Uyeda M. DMI-2 and DMI-3, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors produced by Streptomyces sp. strain no. 560. J Enzyme Inhib 1996; 10:115-24. [PMID: 8835936 DOI: 10.3109/14756369609020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. strain No. 560 produces several types of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in the culture filtrate. Two of them, DMI-2 and DMI-3, were distinguished from the previously reported DMI-1 by their inhibitory spectrum and inhibition characteristics against DNA methyltransferase. The molecular weights of DMI-2 and DMI-3 were 854 and 435, respectively. The structure of DMI-2 was determined to be 4"'R,6aR,10S,10aS-8-acetyl-6a, 10a-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-12-methyl-10-[4'-[3"-hydroxy-3",5"-dimethyl-4" (Z-2"',4"'-dimethyl-2"'-heptenoyloxy) tetrahydropyran-1"-yloxy]-5'-methylcyclohexan-1'-yloxy ]-1,4,6, 7,9-pentaoxo-1,4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11-decahydronaphthacene. The chemical structure of DMI-2 was established as a tautomer of dutomycin which is an antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. 1725. DMI-2 and DMI-3 showed strong inhibition against N6-methyladenine-DNA methyltransferase (M. Eco RI). DMI-2 inhibited M. Eco RI in a competitive manner with respect to plasmid pUC19 used as DNA substrate and in an uncompetitive manner with respect to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) used as methyl donor. DMI-3 inhibited M. Eco RI in a competitive manner with respect to plasmid pUC19 and SAM. The inhibitory activities of both inhibitors depended upon the pH and temperature in the assay media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nagao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suzuki K, Nagao K, Tokunaga J, Hirosawa M, Tsubone H, Uyeda M. DMI-1, a new DNA methyltransferase inhibitor produced by Streptomyces sp. strain No. 560. J Enzyme Inhib 1995; 9:243-52. [PMID: 8598534 DOI: 10.3109/14756369509036553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase named DMI-1 has been discovered in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. strain No. 560. DMI-1 was purified by extraction with ethyl acetate followed by Diaion HP-20SS and silica gel column chromatography. The structure of DMI-1 was determined to be 8-methylpentadecanoic acid (C16H32O2). DMI-1 is a novel inhibitor of methyltransferase isolated from microorganisms and is structurally different from sinefungin and A9145C which are structural analogs of S-adenosylmethionine (methyl donor). DMI-1 was a strong inhibitor of N6-methyladenine-DNA methyltransferase (M. Eco RI, EC 2.1.1.72) in a noncompetitive manner and its inhibition depended on the pH and temperature in the assay media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
Secrist JA, Talekar RR. 5′-C-Chain-Extended Adenosine Derivatives Related to Sinefungin. Synthesis and Biological Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319008045192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Cooper R, Das P, Federbush C, Mierzwa R, Patel M, Pramanik B, Truumees I. Characterization of peptidyl-nucleoside antifungal antibiotics from fermentation broth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990; 5:1-8. [PMID: 1366375 DOI: 10.1007/bf01569600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of sinefungin related antifungal antibiotics from fermentation broth was accomplished by coupling photodiode array (PDA) detection to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). From the combined HPLC-PDA evaluation of broth filtrate, we detected five sinefungin related components. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectroscopic evaluations, mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra (MIKES) and collision activated (CA) MIKES of these components confirmed their respective identities. Our findings from the combination of HPLC photodiode array acquisition and FAB-mass spectrometry suggest we have detected the presence of a previously unreported sinefungin analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cooper
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Schering Plough Corporation, Bloomfield, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Condensation of N6-benzoyl-2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine-5'-aldehyde with nitromethane followed by acid catalyzed acetylation and borohydride reduction leads to N6-benzoyl-9-(5,6-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-6-nitro-beta-D-ribo-hexofuranosyl)adenine (4). A second nitroaldol condensation between 4 and N-benzyloxycarbonly-L-aspartic acid-beta-semialdehyde alpha-benzyl ester (5) followed by acetylation and borohydride reduction leads to a fully protected 6'-nitro modification of sinefungin and its C6'-epimer (7). Hydrolysis of the acetonide followed by sequential reduction of the benzyl derived protecting groups and the nitro group and debenzoylation leads to a modest yield of a 3:1 mixture of sinefungin (1) and 6'-episinefungin which can only be separated by analytical ion exchange chromatography.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
|