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Fei Y, Jiao W, Wang Y, Liang J, Liu G, Li L. Cloning and expression of a novel α-galactosidase from Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6 with hydrolytic and transgalactosyl properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235687. [PMID: 32678825 PMCID: PMC7367483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6, a gram-positive amylolytic bacterium isolated from naturally fermented tofu whey (NFTW), was able to hydrolyze raffinose and stachyose for the production of α-galactosidase. The cell-free extract of L. amylolyticus L6 was found to exhibit glycosyltransferase activity to synthesize α-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) with melibiose as substrate. The coding genes of α-galactosidase were identified in the genome of L. amylolyticus L6. The α-galactosidase (AglB) was placed into GH36 family by amino acid sequence alignments with other α-galactosidases from lactobacilli. The optimal reaction conditions of pH and temperature for AglB were pH 6.0 and 37°C, respectively. Besides, potassium ion was found to improve the activity of AglB while divalent mercury ion, copper ion and zinc ion displayed different degrees of inhibition effect. Under the optimum reaction condition, AglB could catalyze the synthesis of GOS with degree of polymerization (DP) ≥5 by using 300 mM melibiose concentration as substrate. The maximum yield of GOS with (DP) ≥3 could reach 31.56% (w/w). Transgalactosyl properties made AglB a potential candidate for application in the production of GOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Fei
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenJuan Jiao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglong Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongliang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Gajdhane SB, Bhagwat PK, Dandge PB. Response surface methodology-based optimization of production media and purification of α-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation by Fusarium moniliforme NCIM 1099. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:260. [PMID: 28330332 PMCID: PMC5148754 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to enhance the production of α-galactosidase from Fusarium moniliforme NCIM 1099 in solid-state fermentation. Plackett–Burman design was employed for selection of critical media constituents which were optimized by central composite rotatable design. Wheat bran, peptone and FeSO4·7H2O were identified as significant medium components using PB design. Further CCRD optimized medium components as wheat bran; 4.62 μg, peptone; 315.42 μg, FeSO4·7H2O; 9.04 μg. RSM methodological optimization increased the enzyme production from 13.17 to 207.33 U/g showing 15.74-fold enhancement. The α-galactosidase was purified by 70% fractionation followed by DEAE anion exchange column chromatography which yields 23.33% with 28.68-fold purification. The molecular weight of α-galactosidase was 57 kDa which was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Purified enzyme has optimum pH of 4.0 and was found to be stable in wide pH range of 3.0–9.0. Its optimum temperature was 50 °C, whereas its activity remains above 50% up to 2 h at 75 °C. Hg2+ was found to be a potent inhibitor and Mg2+ acted as an activator of enzyme. No significant change was observed in enzyme activity for galactose concentration, ranging from 1 to 100 mM. The Km values of enzyme for substrates p-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, melibiose and raffinose were 0.20, 1.36, and 3.66 mM, respectively. Low Km and stability to various physiological conditions of enzyme represents its potential which can be exploited in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjivani B Gajdhane
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant K Bhagwat
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma B Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract
α-d-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are enzymes employed in a number of useful bio-based applications. We have depicted a comprehensive general survey of α-d-galactosidases from different origin with special emphasis on marine example(s). The structures of natural α-galactosyl containing compounds are described. In addition to 3D structures and mechanisms of action of α-d-galactosidases, different sources, natural function and genetic regulation are also covered. Finally, hydrolytic and synthetic exploitations as free or immobilized biocatalysts are reviewed. Interest in the synthetic aspects during the next years is anticipated for access to important small molecules by green technology with an emphasis on alternative selectivity of this class of enzymes from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Bakunina
- a G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia and
| | - Larissa A Balabanova
- a G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia and
| | - Angela Pennacchio
- b Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pozzuoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Trincone
- b Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pozzuoli , Napoli , Italy
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Kandari S, Choi YJ, Lee BH. Purification and characterization of hydrolytic and transgalactosyl α-galactosidase from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 10797. Eur Food Res Technol 2014; 239:877-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yasuda M, Tachibana S, Kuba-Miyara M. Biochemical aspects of red koji and tofuyo prepared using Monascus fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:49-60. [PMID: 22864970 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red koji or red mold rice is prepared by growing a genus Monascus on steamed rice. For centuries, it has been used in Asia for the production of fermented foods including red rice wine and fermented tofu. Although red koji is an important source of various hydrolytic enzymes critical for food fermentation, information on the enzymatic properties in red koji has been limited. Hydrolytic enzymes produced by Monascus fungi may play important roles in ripening of tofuyo (Japanese fermented tofu) regarding the chemical and physical properties of the product. This review provides an introduction of red koji, its properties, and the application of hydrolytic enzymes, especially aspartic proteinases and carboxypeptidases from Monascus fungi. We also describe tofuyo and a novel fermented soybean protein food using a microbial action originating from red koji.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yasuda
- Okinawa Study Center, The Open University of Japan, 1 Senbaru, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Sampietro D, Quiroga E, Sgariglia M, Soberón J, Vattuone MA. A thermostable α-galactosidase from Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) ex Pat. MB445947: purification and properties. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:257-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ferreira JG, Reis AP, Guimarães VM, Falkoski DL, Fialho LDS, de Rezende ST. Purification and characterization of Aspergillus terreus α-galactosidases and their use for hydrolysis of soymilk oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:1111-25. [PMID: 21331589 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases has the potential to hydrolyze α-1-6 linkages in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). Aspergillus terreus cells cultivated on wheat bran produced three extracellular forms of α-galactosidases (E1, E2, and E3). E1 and E2 α-galactosidases presented maximal activities at pH 5, while E3 α-galactosidase was more active at pH 5.5. The E1 and E2 enzymes showed stability for 6 h at pH 4-7. Maximal activities were determined at 60, 55, and 50 °C, for E1, E2, and E3 α-galactosidase, respectively. E2 α-galactosidase retained 90% of its initial activity after 70 h at 50 °C. The enzymes hydrolyzed ρNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and E1 and E2 enzymes were able to hydrolyze guar gum and locust bean gum substrates. E1 and E3 α-galactosidases were completely inhibited by Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺. The treatment of RFO present in soy milk with the enzymes showed that E1 α-galactosidase reduced the stachyose content to zero after 12 h of reaction, while E2 promoted total hydrolysis of raffinose. The complete removal of the oligosaccharides in soy milk could be reached by synergistic action of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gasperazzo Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Shivam K, Mishra SK. Purification and characterization of a thermostable α-galactosidase with transglycosylation activity from Aspergillus parasiticus MTCC-2796. Process Biochem 2010; 45:1088-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Meng K, Bai Y, Shi P, Luo H, Yang P, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Yao B. A novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase with high hydrolytic activity from Gibberella sp. F75: gene cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:875-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Anisha GS, Prema P. Cell immobilization technique for the enhanced production of alpha-galactosidase by Streptomyces griseoloalbus. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:3325-30. [PMID: 17904364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces griseoloalbus was immobilized in calcium alginate gel and the optimal immobilization parameters (concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride, initial biomass and curing time) for the enhanced production of alpha-galactosidase were determined. The immobilization was most effective with 3% sodium alginate and 0.1M calcium chloride. The optimal initial biomass for immobilization was approximately 2.2g (wet wt.). The alginate-entrapped cells were advantageous because there was a twofold increase in the enzyme yield (55 U/ml) compared to the highest yield obtained with free cells (23.6 U/ml). Moreover, with immobilized cells the maximum yield was reached after 72 h of incubation in batch fermentation under optimal conditions, whereas in the case of free cells the maximum enzyme yield was obtained only after 96 h of incubation. The alginate beads had good stability and also retained 75% ability of enzyme production even after eight cycles of repeated batch fermentation. It is significant that this is the first report on whole-cell immobilization for alpha-galactosidase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Anisha
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum 695019, India
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Cao Y, Yang P, Shi P, Wang Y, Luo H, Meng K, Zhang Z, Wu N, Yao B, Fan Y. Purification and characterization of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Rhizopus sp. F78 ACCC 30795. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Liu CQ, Chen QH, Cheng QJ, Wang JL, He GQ. Effect of cultivating conditions on alpha-galactosidase production by a novel Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 strain in solid-state fermentation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:371-6. [PMID: 17542067 PMCID: PMC1859882 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The work is intended to achieve optimum culture conditions of alpha-galactosidase production by a mutant strain Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Certain fermentation parameters involving moisture content, incubation temperature, cultivation period of seed, inoculum volume, initial pH value, layers of pledget, load size of medium and period of cultivation were investigated separately. The optimal cultivating conditions of alpha-galactosidase production in SSF were 60% initial moisture of medium, 28 degrees C incubation temperature, 18 h cultivation period of seed, 10% inoculum volume, 5.0 approximately 6.0 initial pH of medium, 6 layers of pledget and 10 g dry matter loadage. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, the maximum alpha-galactosidase production was 2 037.51 U/g dry matter near the 144th hour of fermentation.
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Liu C, Ruan H, Shen H, Chen Q, Zhou B, Li Y, He G. Optimization of the fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production from Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 using response surface methodology. J Food Sci 2007; 72:M120-5. [PMID: 17995779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production by Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 was investigated in shaker flask fermentation. A one-factor-at-a-time experiment was used to screen the preferable nutriment (carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and essential elements) for alpha-galactosidase production. A fractional factorial design was used to screen the main 5 factors, soybean meal, wheat bran, KH2PO4, FeSO4 x 7 H2O, and the medium initial pH, that affected the production of alpha-galactosidase. The central composite experimental design was further adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The experimental results showed that the optimum fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production by Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 was composed of 3.2% soybean meal (w/v), 2% wheat bran (w/v), 0.1% KH2PO4 (w/v), and 0.05% FeSO4 x 7 H2O (w/v); initial medium pH was 6.31. The results further predicted that alpha-galactosidase activity reached 64.75 U/mL after 96-h incubation in this medium, which was approximately 7 times higher than that incubated in the nonoptimized medium. The time course of alpha-galactosidase production in the optimized medium composition was also carried out to validate the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiquin Liu
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, 310029, China
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Mi S, Meng K, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yuan T, Luo H, Yao B. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel α-galactosidase gene from Penicillium sp. F63 CGMCC 1669 and expression in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007; 40:1373-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rezessy-Szabó JM, Nguyen QD, Hoschke A, Braet C, Hajós G, Claeyssens M. A novel thermostable α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS 395.62/b: Purification and characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:55-62. [PMID: 17008008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High levels of an extracellular alpha-galactosidase are produced by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus CBS 395.62/b when grown in submerse culture and induced by sucrose. The enzyme was purified 114-fold from the culture supernatant by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, and by chromatographical steps including Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration, DEAE-Sepharose FF anion-exchange, Q-Sepharose FF anion-exchange and Superose 12 gel filtration. The purified enzyme exhibits apparent homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and iso-electric focusing (IEF). The native molecular weight of the monomeric alpha-galactosidase is 93 kDa with an isoelectric point of 3.9. The enzyme displays a pH and temperature optimum of 5-5.5 and 65 degrees C, respectively. The purified enzyme retains more than 90% of its activity at 45 degrees C in a pH range from 5.5 to 9.0. The enzyme proves to be a glycoprotein and its carbohydrate content is 5.3%. Kinetic parameters were determined for the substrates p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside, raffinose and stachyose and very similar K(m) values of 1.13 mM, 1.61 mM and 1.17 mM were found. Mn(++) ions activates enzyme activity, whereas inhibitory effects can be observed with Ca(++), Zn(++) and Hg(++). Five min incubation at 65 degrees with 10 mM Ag(+) results in complete inactivation of the purified alpha-galactosidase. Amino acid sequence alignment of N-terminal sequence data allows the alpha-galactosidase from Thermomyces lanuginosus to be classified in glycosyl hydrolase family 36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit M Rezessy-Szabó
- Department of Brewing and Distilling, Faculty of Food Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary.
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Anisha GS, Prema P. Production of α-galactosidase by a novel actinomycete Streptomyces griseoloalbus and its application in soymilk hydrolysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Lim EK, Higgins GS, Li Y, Bowles DJ. Regioselectivity of glucosylation of caffeic acid by a UDP-glucose:glucosyltransferase is maintained in planta. Biochem J 2003; 373:987-92. [PMID: 12741958 PMCID: PMC1223554 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2002] [Revised: 05/06/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid is a phenylpropanoid playing an important role in the pathways leading to lignin synthesis and the production of a wide variety of secondary metabolites. The compound is also an antioxidant and has potential utility as a general protectant against free radicals. Three glucosylated forms of caffeic acid are known to exist: the 3- O - and 4- O -glucosides and the glucose ester. This study describes for the first time a glucosyltransferase [UDP-glucose:glucosyltransferase (UGT)] that is specific for the 3-hydroxyl, and not the 4-hydroxyl, position of caffeic acid. The UGT sequence of Arabidopsis, UGT71C1, has been expressed as a recombinant fusion protein in Escherichia coli, purified and assayed against a range of substrates in vitro. The assay confirmed that caffeic acid as the preferred substrate when compared with other hydroxycinnamates, although UGT71C1 also exhibited substantial activity towards flavonoid substrates, known to have structural features that can be recognized by many different UGTs. The expression of UGT71C1 in transgenic Arabidopsis was driven by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S (CaMV35S) promoter. Nine independent transgenic lines were taken to homozygosity and characterized by Northern-blot analysis, assay of enzyme activity in leaf extracts and HPLC analysis of the glucosides. The level of expression of UGT71C1 was enhanced considerably in several lines, leading to a higher level of the corresponding enzyme activity and a higher level of caffeoyl-3- O -glucoside. The data are discussed in the context of the utility of UGTs for natural product biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Kiat Lim
- CNAP, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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Onal S, Telefoncu A. Comparison of chitin and Amberlite IRA-938 for alpha-galactosidase immobilization. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 2003; 31:19-33. [PMID: 12602814 DOI: 10.1081/bio-120018001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Watermelon alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) was immobilized on a natural (chitin) and a synthetic anion-exchange (Amberlite IRA-938) support by covalent coupling methods. The procedure entails the activation of supports with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), followed by immobilization of the enzyme on to these supports without and with a spacer arm; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Optimization of activation was performed by changing the CDI concentrations and coupling efficiencies. The comparison of two immobilization techniques for both chitin and Amberlite IRA-938 was made by comparing different enzyme concentrations against enzyme activity yield. Furthermore, the storage stability of the immobilized enzymes was also investigated and chitin immobilized alpha-galactosidase was found to be better. Although the activity yield of immobilized enzymes were the same for both supports, the short storage stability of immobilized enzyme on Amberlite IRA-938 is currently a drawback to its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Onal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
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Srinivas MRS, Chand N, Lonsane BK. Use of Plackett-Burman design for rapid screening of several nitrogen sources, growth/product promoters, minerals and enzyme inducers for the production of alpha-galactosidase by Aspergillus niger MRSS 234 in solid state fermentation system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00369470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wong-leung YL, Fong WF, Lam WL. Production of ?-galactosidase by Monascus grown on soybean and sugarcane wastes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1993; 9:529-33. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00386288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/1993] [Accepted: 03/18/1993] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agnantiari G, Christakopoulos P, Kekos D, Macris BJ. A Purified ?-galactosidase from aspergillus niger with enhanced kinetic characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kiyohara H, Watanabe T, Imai J, Takizawa N, Hatta T, Nagao K, Yamamoto A. Intergeneric hybridization betweenMonascus anka andAspergillus oryzae by protoplast fusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1990; 33:671-6. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00604935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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