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Azouzi F, Olagne L, Edouard S, Cammilleri S, Magnan PE, Fournier PE, Million M. Coxiella burnetii Femoro-Popliteal Bypass Infection: A Case Report. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2146. [PMID: 37763990 PMCID: PMC10538191 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular infections are the most severe and potentially lethal among the persistent focalized Coxiella burnetii infections. While aortic infections on aneurysms or prostheses are well-known, with specific complications (risk of fatal rupture), new non-aortic vascular infections are increasingly being described thanks to the emerging use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET-scan). Here, we describe an infection of a femoro-popliteal bypass that would not have been diagnosed without the use of PET-scan. It is well-known that vascular prosthetic material is a site favorable for bacterial persistence, but the description of unusual anatomical sites, outside the heart or aorta, should raise the clinicians' awareness and generalize the indications for PET-scan, with careful inclusion of the upper and lower limbs (not included in PET-scan for cancer), particularly in the presence of vascular prostheses. Future studies will be needed to precisely determine their optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Azouzi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie CHU Sahloul Sousse Tunisie, LR20SP06, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse Tunisie, Université de Sousse, Sousse 4003, Tunisia;
| | - Louis Olagne
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Sophie Edouard
- UMR MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
- French Reference Center for Rickettsioses, Q Fever and Bartonelloses, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Serge Cammilleri
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Pierre-Edouard Magnan
- Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, Hôpital Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- French Reference Center for Rickettsioses, Q Fever and Bartonelloses, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- UMR VITROME, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Service de Santé des Armées, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- UMR MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France;
- French Reference Center for Rickettsioses, Q Fever and Bartonelloses, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
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2
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Kodori M, Amani J, Meshkat Z, Ahmadi A. Coxiella burnetii Pathogenesis: Emphasizing the Role of the Autophagic Pathway. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:785-796. [PMID: 38028822 PMCID: PMC10657931 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.361161.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), the etiological agent of the Q fever disease, ranks among the most sporadic and persistent global public health concerns. Ruminants are the principal source of human infections and diseases present in both acute and chronic forms. This bacterium is an intracellular pathogen that can survive and reproduce under acidic (pH 4 to 5) and harsh circumstances that contain Coxiella-containing vacuoles. By undermining the autophagy defense system of the host cell, C. burnetii is able to take advantage of the autophagy pathway, which allows it to improve the movement of nutrients and the membrane, thereby extending the vacuole of the reproducing bacteria. For this method to work, it requires the participation of many bacterial effector proteins. In addition, the precise and prompt identification of the causative agent of an acute disease has the potential to delay the onset of its chronic form. Moreover, to make accurate and rapid diagnoses, it is necessary to create diagnostic devices. This review summarizes the most recent research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis approaches of C. burnetii. This study also explored the complicated relationships between C. burnetii and the autophagic pathway, which are essential for intracellular reproduction and survival in host cells for the infection to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kodori
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University, of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - J Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University, of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Meshkat
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University, of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Braï MA, Hannachi N, El Gueddari N, Baudoin JP, Dahmani A, Lepidi H, Habib G, Camoin-Jau L. The Role of Platelets in Infective Endocarditis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087540. [PMID: 37108707 PMCID: PMC10143005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) has increased, with a change in the frequency of causative bacteria. Early evidence has substantially demonstrated the crucial role of bacterial interaction with human platelets, with no clear mechanistic characterization in the pathogenesis of IE. The pathogenesis of endocarditis is so complex and atypical that it is still unclear how and why certain bacterial species will induce the formation of vegetation. In this review, we will analyze the key role of platelets in the physiopathology of endocarditis and in the formation of vegetation, depending on the bacterial species. We provide a comprehensive outline of the involvement of platelets in the host immune response, investigate the latest developments in platelet therapy, and discuss prospective research avenues for solving the mechanistic enigma of bacteria-platelet interaction for preventive and curative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abdeljalil Braï
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Nadji Hannachi
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmacotechnie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif I, Sétif 19000, Algeria
| | - Nabila El Gueddari
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Abderrhamane Dahmani
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Gilbert Habib
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, APHM, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
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Hajduczenia MM, Klefisch FR, Hopf AGM, Grubitzsch H, Stegemann MS, Pfäfflin F, Puhlmann B, Ocken M, Kretzler L, von Schöning D, Falk V, Moter A, Kikhney J. New Perspectives for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Impact of Molecular Imaging by FISHseq Diagnostics. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1050-1058. [PMID: 36318608 PMCID: PMC10029985 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial etiology of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVE) can be difficult to identify. Our aim was to investigate the benefit of molecular imaging technique fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with 16S rRNA-gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing (FISHseq) for the analysis of infected prosthetic heart valves. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic outcome of 113 prosthetic valves from 105 patients with suspected PVE, treated in 2003-2013 in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin. Each prosthetic valve underwent cultural diagnostics and was routinely examined by FISH combined with 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing. We compared classical microbiological culture outcomes (blood and valve cultures) with FISHseq results and evaluated the diagnostic impact of the molecular imaging technique. RESULTS Conventional microbiological diagnostic alone turned out to be insufficient, as 67% of preoperative blood cultures were noninformative (negative, inconclusive, or not obtained) and 67% of valve cultures remained negative. FISHseq improved the conventional cultural diagnostic methods in PVE in 30% of the cases and increased diagnostic accuracy. Of the valve culture-negative PVE cases, FISHseq succeeded in identifying the causative pathogen in 35%. CONCLUSIONS FISHseq improves PVE diagnostics, complementing conventional cultural methods. In addition to species identification, FISH provides information about the severity of PVE and state of the pathogens (eg, stage of biofilm formation, activity, and localization on and within the prosthetic material). As a molecular imaging technique, FISHseq enables the unambiguous discrimination of skin flora as contaminant or infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Hajduczenia
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank R Klefisch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paulinen Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander G M Hopf
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herko Grubitzsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam S Stegemann
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Pfäfflin
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Puhlmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Ocken
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Kretzler
- Clinical Trial Unit, Clinical Study Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dinah von Schöning
- Department of Microbiology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Moter Diagnostics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Kouijzer JJP, Noordermeer DJ, van Leeuwen WJ, Verkaik NJ, Lattwein KR. Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995508. [PMID: 36263017 PMCID: PMC9574252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening microbial infection of native and prosthetic heart valves, endocardial surface, and/or indwelling cardiac device. Prevalence of IE is increasing and mortality has not significantly improved despite technological advances. This review provides an updated overview using recent literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, imaging, causative pathogens, treatment, and outcomes in native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related IE. In addition, the experimental approaches used in IE research to improve the understanding of disease mechanisms and the current diagnostic pipelines are discussed, as well as potential innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This will ultimately help towards deriving better diagnostic tools and treatments to improve IE patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop J. P. Kouijzer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Joop J. P. Kouijzer,
| | - Daniëlle J. Noordermeer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. van Leeuwen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nelianne J. Verkaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kirby R. Lattwein
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Buijs SB, Weehuizen JM, Jensen TK, Boye M, Hermans MH, Nooijen PT, Hoepelman AI, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Oosterheert JJ, Wever PC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting Coxiella burnetii in tissue samples from chronic Q fever patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1502.e1-1502.e5. [PMID: 35724869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detection of the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, causative agent of chronic Q fever, is notoriously difficult. Diagnosis of and duration of antibiotic treatment for chronic Q fever is partly determined by detection of the bacterium with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) might be a promising technique for detecting C. burnetii in tissue samples from chronic Q fever patients, but its value in comparison with PCR is uncertain. We aim to assess the value of FISH for detecting C. burnetii in tissue of chronic Q fever patients. METHODS FISH and PCR were performed on tissue samples from Dutch chronic Q fever patients collected during surgery or autopsy. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Additionally, data on patient and disease characteristics were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS In total, 49 tissue samples from mainly vascular walls, heart valves, or placentas, obtained from 39 chronic Q fever patients, were examined by FISH and PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of FISH compared to PCR for detecting C. burnetii in tissue samples from chronic Q fever patients was 45.2% (95% CI, 27.3% - 64.0%) and 84.6% (95% CI, 54.6% - 98.1%), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 56.8% (95% CI, 42.2% - 72.3%). Two C. burnetii PCR negative placentas were FISH positive. Four FISH results (8.2%) were deemed inconclusive because of autofluorescence. CONCLUSION With an overall diagnostic accuracy of 57.8%, we conclude that FISH has limited value in the routine diagnostics of chronic Q fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila B Buijs
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesper M Weehuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim K Jensen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mette Boye
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Mirjam Ha Hermans
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Peet Tga Nooijen
- Department of Pathology, Pathologie-DNA, location Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Im Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal P Bleeker-Rovers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboud university medical center and Radboud Expertise Center for Q fever, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Wever
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
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7
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Sebastian SA, Co EL, Mehendale M, Sudan S, Manchanda K, Khan S. Challenges and Updates in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Vaca DJ, Dobler G, Fischer SF, Keller C, Konrad M, von Loewenich FD, Orenga S, Sapre SU, van Belkum A, Kempf VAJ. Contemporary diagnostics for medically relevant fastidious microorganisms belonging to the genera Anaplasma, Bartonella, Coxiella, Orientia, and Rickettsia. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6530194. [PMID: 35175353 PMCID: PMC9300619 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the human infectious pathogens—especially the zoonotic or vector-borne bacteria—are fastidious organisms that are difficult to cultivate because of their strong adaption to the infected host culminating in their near-complete physiological dependence on this environment. These bacterial species exhibit reduced multiplication rates once they are removed from their optimal ecological niche. This fact complicates the laboratory diagnosis of the disease and hinders the detection and further characterization of the underlying organisms, e.g. at the level of their resistance to antibiotics due to their slow growth. Here, we describe the current state of microbiological diagnostics for five genera of human pathogens with a fastidious laboratory lifestyle. For Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Orientia spp. and Rickettsia spp., we will summarize the existing diagnostic protocols, the specific limitations for implementation of novel diagnostic approaches and the need for further optimization or expansion of the diagnostic armamentarium. We will reflect upon the diagnostic opportunities provided by new technologies including mass spectrometry and next-generation nucleic acid sequencing. Finally, we will review the (im)possibilities of rapidly developing new in vitro diagnostic tools for diseases of which the causative agents are fastidiously growing and therefore hard to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Vaca
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Germany
| | - Silke F Fischer
- National Consulting Laboratory for Coxiella burnetii, State Health Office Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - Maik Konrad
- National Consulting Laboratory for Coxiella burnetii, State Health Office Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
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Abstract
Q fever is a disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii. This hardy organism can easily spread long distances in the wind, and only a few infectious aerosolized particles are necessary to cause serious illness. Presentations of Q fever disease can be wide-ranging, allowing it to masquerade as other illnesses and highlight the importance of laboratory testing for diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes Q fever's epidemiology and clinical presentations and presents classical laboratory diagnostic assays and novel approaches to detecting this troubling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie K. Miller
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Horio K, Takahashi H, Kobori T, Watanabe K, Aki T, Nakashimada Y, Okamura Y. Visualization of Gene Reciprocity among Lactic Acid Bacteria in Yogurt by RNase H-Assisted Rolling Circle Amplification-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1208. [PMID: 34204984 PMCID: PMC8228470 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we developed an in situ mRNA detection method termed RNase H-assisted rolling circle amplification-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RHa-RCA-FISH), which can detect even short mRNA in a bacterial cell. However, because this FISH method is sensitive to the sample condition, it is necessary to find a suitable cell permeabilization and collection protocol. Here, we demonstrate its further applicability for detecting intrinsic mRNA expression using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a model consortium. Our results show that this method can visualize functional gene expression in LAB cells and can be used for monitoring the temporal transition of gene expression. In addition, we also confirmed that data obtained from bulk analyses such as RNA-seq or microarray do not always correspond to gene expression in individual cells. RHa-RCA-FISH will be a powerful tool to compensate for insufficient data from metatranscriptome analyses while clarifying the carriers of function in microbial consortia. By extending this technique to capture spatiotemporal microbial gene expression at the single-cell level, it will be able to characterize microbial interactions in phytoplankton-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Horio
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
| | - Toshiro Kobori
- Division of Food Biotechnology, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan;
| | - Kenshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
| | - Tsunehiro Aki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshiko Okamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan; (K.H.); (H.T.); (K.W.); (T.A.); (Y.N.)
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11
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Million M, Gaudin M, Melenotte C, Chasson L, Edouard S, Verdonk C, Prudent E, Amphoux B, Meresse S, Dorent R, Lepidi H, La Scola B, Gorvel JP, Desnues C, Raoult D. Metagenomic Analysis of Microdissected Valvular Tissue for Etiological Diagnosis of Blood Culture-Negative Endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2405-2412. [PMID: 31309973 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiological diagnosis is a key to therapeutic adaptation and improved prognosis, particularly for infections such as endocarditis. In blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE), 22% of cases remain undiagnosed despite an updated comprehensive syndromic approach. This prompted us to develop a new diagnostic approach. METHODS Eleven valves from 10 BCNE patients were analyzed using a method that combines human RNA bait-depletion with phi29 DNA polymerase-based multiple displacement amplification and shotgun DNA sequencing. An additional case in which a microbe was serendipitously visualized by immunofluorescence was analyzed using the same method, but after laser capture microdissection. RESULTS Background DNA prevented any diagnosis in cases analyzed without microdissection because the majority of sequences were contaminants. Moraxella sequences were dramatically enriched in the stained microdissected region of the additional case. A consensus genome sequence of 2.4 Mbp covering more than 94% of the Moraxella osloensis KSH reference genome was reconstructed with 234X average coverage. Several antibiotic-resistance genes were observed. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed using Western blot and specific polymerase chain reaction with sequencing on a different valve sample. CONCLUSIONS Microdissection could be a key to the metagenomic diagnosis of infectious diseases when a microbe is visualized but remains unidentified despite an updated optimal approach. Moraxella osloensis should be tested in blood culture-negative endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Million
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Maxime Gaudin
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML)
| | - Sophie Edouard
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Constance Verdonk
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris
| | - Elsa Prudent
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Bernard Amphoux
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Stéphane Meresse
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML)
| | - Richard Dorent
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI).,Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologique et de neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille,, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML)
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI).,Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) -Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité Microbes Evolution Phylogenie et Infections (MEPHI)
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12
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Abstract
This overview addresses fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a diagnostic microbiology setting with its associated problems and pitfalls and how to control them, but also the advantages and opportunities the method offers. This article focuses mainly on diagnostic FISH assays on tissue sections and on techniques and experiences in our laboratory. FISH in a routine diagnostic setting in microbiology requires strict quality control measures to ensure consistent high-quality and reliable assay results. Here, for the first time, we define quality control requirements for microbiological diagnostic FISH applications and discuss their impact and possible future developments of the FISH technique for infection diagnostics. We focus on diagnosis of biofilm-associated infections including infective endocarditis, oral biofilms, and device-associated infections as well as infections due to fastidious or yet uncultured microorganisms like Treponema spp., Tropheryma whipplei, Bartonella, Coxiella burnetii, or Brachyspira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kikhney
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Sahu R, Rawool DB, Vinod VK, Malik SVS, Barbuddhe SB. Current approaches for the detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and animals. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 179:106087. [PMID: 33086105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Q fever (coxiellosis), caused by Coxiella burnetii, is an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease of public health significance and with worldwide distribution. As a causal agent of the one among the 13 global priority zoonoses, having the infectious dose as low as one bacterium, C. burnetii has been regarded as an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. The agent has been classified as a Group B bioterrorism agent by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the disease is included in the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) list of notifiable diseases. It is mainly transmitted through airborne route in humans and animals. Isolation of C. burnetii, using standard routine laboratory culture techniques was impossible until formulation of axenic-based medium. However, it is still to be included among routinely isolated laboratory pathogen, accounting prolonged incubation period (~7 days) and requirement of specific oxygen concentration (2.5% O2). Therefore, indirect diagnostic tools have been mainly used for its diagnosis. So far serology has been mostly used for testing for C. burnetii infection. The detection of C. burnetii DNA by PCR in various clinical samples have also been widely used. The disease has remained largely under-reported, underdiagnosed and as a masked zoonosis; and therefore, needs to be explored through well-planned scientific studies for knowing its true status and likely it impact in humans and animals by employing state-of-the-art diagnostics, identifying its diverse and new host range, as well as risk factors involved in different geo-climatic, behavioural and social settings as well as risk groups. Here, we reviewed the current approaches used for the detection of C. burnetii infection in humans and animals at the population and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - Deepak B Rawool
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500 092, India
| | - Valil Kunjukunju Vinod
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - S V S Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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14
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Singh KRB, Sridevi P, Singh RP. Potential applications of peptide nucleic acid in biomedical domain. Eng Rep 2020; 2:e12238. [PMID: 32838227 PMCID: PMC7404446 DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) are DNA/RNA synthetic analogs with 2-([2-aminoethyl] amino) acetic acid backbone. They partake unique antisense and antigene properties, just due to its inhibitory effect on transcription and translation; they also undergo complementary binding to RNA/DNA with high affinity and specificity. Hence, to date, many methods utilizing PNA for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases namely cancer, AIDS, human papillomavirus, and so on, have been designed and developed. They are being used widely in polymerase chain reaction modulation/mutation, fluorescent in-situ hybridization, and in microarray as a probe; they are also utilized in many in-vitro and in-vivo assays and for developing micro and nano-sized biosensor/chip/array technologies. Earlier reviews, focused only on PNA properties, structure, and modifications related to diagnostics and therapeutics; our review emphasizes on PNA properties and synthesis along with its potential applications in diagnosis and therapeutics. Furthermore, prospects in biomedical applications of PNAs are being discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij RB Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of ScienceIndira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantakMadhya Pradesh484887India
| | - Parikipandla Sridevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of ScienceIndira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantakMadhya Pradesh484887India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of ScienceIndira Gandhi National Tribal UniversityAmarkantakMadhya Pradesh484887India
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15
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Baron SA, Eldin C, Gouriet F, Dubourg G. Diagnostic tools for bacterial infections in travellers: Current and future options. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101856. [PMID: 32841728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
International travel has increased dramatically over the past 50 years, and travel destinations have diversified. Although physicians are more familiar with the panel of aetiological agents responsible for illnesses of returning travellers, thanks to regular epidemiological studies, the spectrum of pathogens potentially encountered in various travel destinations is nevertheless increasing. In addition, the wide array of approaches currently available and addressed in this paper could render the procedures for microbiological analyses increasingly complex. As the time to result is crucial to adequately manage patients, modern approaches have been developed to shorten diagnosis delays. The syndromic approach, which consists of simultaneously testing a wide panel of microorganisms, substantially increases the diagnostic yield with significant time savings, particularly when coupled with point-of-care laboratories. The tools commonly used for this purpose are immunochromatographic tests, mainly targeting bacterial antigens, and multiplex real-time PCR. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies, which enable random amplification of genetic material of any microbe present in a clinical specimen, provides further exciting perspectives in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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16
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Vourvidis D, Kyrma A, Linou M, Edouard S, Angelakis E. Sero-epidemiology investigation of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants throughout most Greek regions. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:99-104. [PMID: 32790038 PMCID: PMC7840197 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Q fever is not considered as a public health problem in Greece where most regions are considered as Coxiella burnetii free possibly because of the low interest for this agent. Our objective was to conduct a large‐scale study to investigate the sero‐epidemiology of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants throughout the most of Greek regions. We tested serum samples obtained from goats, sheep and bovines from different regions of Greece. All sera were tested for C. burnetii IgG antibodies by a commercial ELISA according to the manufacturer's recommendations. We tested 1,173 goats and sheep obtained from 177 different herds and totally 194 (17%) animals from 78 (44%) herds were positive for C. burnetii. Positive animals were present in seven (88%) different regions and seropositivity varied widely among these regions. The highest percentage was observed in Peloponnese (44%), where all the tested herds presented animals with C. burnetii antibodies. Ιn all Aegean Islands except the island of Limnos we detected goats and sheep positive for C. burnetii with seroposivity varying between 2% in Kos to 37% in Rhodes. Finally, in 22 (85%) Greek prefectures we found C. burnetii IgG‐positive animals whereas in 14 (54%) prefectures more than 50% of tested herds had seropositive animals. We also tested 28 cows from five different herds in Macedonia and Aegean Islands and six (21%) of them, obtained from two (40%) herds were positive. Considering the importance of C. burnetii for public health, our data reflect the lack of awareness by veterinarians, physicians and competent authorities as we provide evidence of C. burnetii seropositivity in productive animals throughout the most of Greek territories. Due to the increased risk of inhalation of the bacterium by people who entered the affected farms we raise the question of Q fever emergence in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kyrma
- Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Attica, Greece
| | - Maria Linou
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophie Edouard
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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17
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Francis R, Scola BL, Khalil JY. Coculture at the crossroads of the new microbiology techniques for the isolation of strict intracellular bacteria. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:287-298. [PMID: 32271109 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coculture played a major role in clinical microbiology by elucidating strict intracellular bacteria era. Since some of these bacteria are human pathogens, in-depth studies at the strain level are necessary to better understand their pathologies and treatment. Over the last decades, culture-independent tools have taken over the diagnostic procedure at the expense of coculture. These tools, although proven to be rapid and efficient, cannot overcome the need to culture the bacteria, as strain isolation remains a key factor to understanding its epidemiology, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Moreover, strain availability allows the development of molecular and serological tools, and remains crucial for taxonomy. This review revisits the current status of culture, its advantages, drawbacks and future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Francis
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny & Infections (MEPHI), 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Microbes Evolution Phylogeny & Infections (MEPHI), 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Yb Khalil
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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18
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Prudent E, Raoult D. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, a complementary molecular tool for the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases by intracellular and fastidious bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 43:88-107. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Prudent
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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19
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Prudent E, Le Guenno G, Jonckheere S, Vankeerberghen A, Lepidi H, Angelakis E, Raoult D. Fluorescent in situ hybridization can be used as a complementary assay for the diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection. Infection 2018; 47:317-321. [PMID: 30368732 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemistry and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining have been routinely used for the diagnosis of Whipple's disease (WD). However, these methods present limitations. As a result, the last years, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been increasingly used as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of WD from various tissue samples. CASE REPORT In this study, we visualized, by FISH, Tropheryma whipplei within macrophages of a lymph node from a patient with WD. Moreover, we report in this study a patient with a pulmonary biopsy compatible with WD by PAS, immunostaining and FISH, although the specific molecular assays for T. whipplei were negative. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA revealed a T. whipplei-related species with unknown classification. CONCLUSION FISH can be a valuable method for the detection of Tropheryma species in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. FISH cannot replace the other already approved diagnostic techniques for WD, it can be used as a complementary tool and can provide supplementary information in a relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Prudent
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Le Guenno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Estaing, Centre, Hospitaliser Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stijn Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, OLV Hospital Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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