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Ghosh M, Vladar EK. Extensive airway remodelling in severe COPD imparts resiliency to environmental stressors. Thorax 2024:thorax-2024-221410. [PMID: 38575315 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2024-221410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Thoracic Oncology Research Initiative, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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2
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Upadhyay P, Wu CW, Pham A, Zeki AA, Royer CM, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Bayram H, Pinkerton KE. Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2023; 26:275-305. [PMID: 37183431 PMCID: PMC10718174 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients. Underlying causes for COPD include primarily tobacco use but may also be driven by exposure to air pollutants, biomass burning, and workplace related fumes and chemicals. While no single animal model might mimic all features of human COPD, a wide variety of published models have collectively helped to improve our understanding of disease processes involved in the genesis and persistence of COPD. In this review, the pathogenesis and associated risk factors of COPD are examined in different mammalian models of the disease. Each animal model included in this review is exclusively created by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. As animal models continue to aid in defining the pathobiological mechanisms of and possible novel therapeutic interventions for COPD, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexa Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine; University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; U.C. Davis Lung Center; Davis, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Chan LLY, Anderson DE, Cheng HS, Ivan FX, Chen S, Kang AEZ, Foo R, Gamage AM, Tiew PY, Koh MS, Lee KCH, Nichol K, Pathinayake PS, Chan YL, Yeo TW, Oliver BG, Wark PAB, Liu L, Tan NS, Wang LF, Chotirmall SH. The establishment of COPD organoids to study host-pathogen interaction reveals enhanced viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 in bronchi. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7635. [PMID: 36496442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow limitation and infective exacerbations, however, in-vitro model systems for the study of host-pathogen interaction at the individual level are lacking. Here, we describe the establishment of nasopharyngeal and bronchial organoids from healthy individuals and COPD that recapitulate disease at the individual level. In contrast to healthy organoids, goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced ciliary beat frequency were observed in COPD organoids, hallmark features of the disease. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovered evidence for altered cellular differentiation trajectories in COPD organoids. SARS-CoV-2 infection of COPD organoids revealed more productive replication in bronchi, the key site of infection in severe COVID-19. Viral and bacterial exposure of organoids induced greater pro-inflammatory responses in COPD organoids. In summary, we present an organoid model that recapitulates the in vivo physiological lung microenvironment at the individual level and is amenable to the study of host-pathogen interaction and emerging infectious disease.
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Osan J, Talukdar SN, Feldmann F, DeMontigny BA, Jerome K, Bailey KL, Feldmann H, Mehedi M. Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Increases SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0045922. [PMID: 35862971 PMCID: PMC9430117 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00459-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the underlying conditions in adults of any age that place them at risk for developing severe illnesses associated with COVID-19. To determine whether SARS-CoV-2's cellular tropism plays a critical role in severe pathophysiology in the lung, we investigated its host cell entry receptor distribution in the bronchial airway epithelium of healthy adults and high-risk adults (those with COPD). We found that SARS-CoV-2 preferentially infects goblet cells in the bronchial airway epithelium, as mostly goblet cells harbor the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its cofactor transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). We also found that SARS-CoV-2 replication was substantially increased in the COPD bronchial airway epithelium, likely due to COPD-associated goblet cell hyperplasia. Likewise, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) infection increased disease pathophysiology (e.g., syncytium formation) in the COPD bronchial airway epithelium. Our results reveal that goblet cells play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiology in the lung. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19's first case was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and by March 2020 it was declared a pandemic by the WHO. It has been shown that various underlying conditions can increase the chance of having severe COVID-19. COPD, which is the third leading cause of death worldwide, is one of the conditions listed by the CDC which can increase the chance of severe COVID-19. The present study uses a healthy and COPD-derived bronchial airway epithelial model to study the COVID-19 and host factors which could explain the reason for COPD patients developing severe infection due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Osan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sattya N. Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Beth Ann DeMontigny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kailey Jerome
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Masfique Mehedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Manevski M, Devadoss D, Long C, Singh SP, Nasser MW, Borchert GM, Nair MN, Rahman I, Sopori M, Chand HS. Increased Expression of LASI lncRNA Regulates the Cigarette Smoke and COPD Associated Airway Inflammation and Mucous Cell Hyperplasia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:803362. [PMID: 35774797 PMCID: PMC9237255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.803362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research Impact Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is strongly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In respiratory airways, CS exposure disrupts airway barrier functions, mucous/phlegm production, and basic immune responses of airway epithelial cells. Based on our recent identification of a specific immunomodulatory long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), we investigated its role in CS-induced responses in bronchial airways of cynomolgus macaque model of CS-induced COPD and in former smokers with and without COPD. The lncRNA was significantly upregulated in CS-induced macaque airways and in COPD airways that exhibited higher mucus expression and goblet cell hyperplasia. Experimental models of cells derived from COPD subjects recapitulated the augmented inflammation and mucus expression following the smoke challenge. Blocking of lncRNA expression in cell culture setting suppressed the smoke-induced and COPD-associated dysregulated mucoinflammatory response suggesting that this airway specific immunomodulatory lncRNA may represent a novel target to mitigate the smoke-mediated inflammation and mucus hyperexpression. Rationale In conducting airways, CS disrupts airway epithelial functions, mucociliary clearances, and innate immune responses that are primarily orchestrated by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Mucus hypersecretion and dysregulated immune response are the hallmarks of chronic bronchitis (CB) that is often exacerbated by CS. Notably, we recently identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense to ICAM-1 (LASI) that mediates airway epithelial responses. Objective To investigate the role of LASI lncRNA in CS-induced airway inflammation and mucin hyperexpression in an animal model of COPD, and in HBECs and lung tissues from former smokers with and without COPD. To interrogate LASI lncRNA role in CS-mediated airway mucoinflammatory responses by targeted gene editing. Methods Small airway tissue sections from cynomolgus macaques exposed to long-term mainstream CS, and those from former smokers with and without COPD were analyzed. The structured-illumination imaging, RNA fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), and qRT-PCR were used to characterize lncRNA expression and the expression of inflammatory factors and airway mucins in a cell culture model of CS extract (CSE) exposure using HBECs from COPD (CHBEs) in comparison with cells from normal control (NHBEs) subjects. The protein levels of mucin MUC5AC, and inflammatory factors ICAM-1, and IL-6 were determined using specific ELISAs. RNA silencing was used to block LASI lncRNA expression and lentivirus encoding LASI lncRNA was used to achieve LASI overexpression (LASI-OE). Results Compared to controls, LASI lncRNA was upregulated in CS-exposed macaques and in COPD smoker airways, correlating with mucus hyperexpression and mucus cell hyperplasia in severe COPD airways. At baseline, the unstimulated CHBEs showed increased LASI lncRNA expression with higher expression of secretory mucin MUC5AC, and inflammatory factors, ICAM-1, and IL-6 compared to NHBEs. CSE exposure of CHBEs resulted in augmented inflammation and mucus expression compared to controls. While RNA silencing-mediated LASI knockdown suppressed the mucoinflammatory response, cells overexpressing LASI lncRNA showed elevated mRNA levels of inflammatory factors. Conclusions Altogether, LASI lncRNA may represent a novel target to control the smoke-mediated dysregulation in airway responses and COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher Long
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shashi P. Singh
- Respiratory Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Glen M. Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Madhavan N. Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mohan Sopori
- Respiratory Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Rajabi H, Konyalilar N, Erkan S, Mortazavi D, Korkunc SK, Kayalar O, Bayram H, Rahbarghazi R. Emerging role of exosomes in the pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; destructive and therapeutic properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:144. [PMID: 35379335 PMCID: PMC8978512 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as the third leading cause of human death globally. Enhanced chronic inflammation and pathological remodeling are the main consequences of COPD, leading to decreased life span. Histological and molecular investigations revealed that prominent immune cell infiltration and release of several cytokines contribute to progressive chronic remodeling. Recent investigations have revealed that exosomes belonging to extracellular vesicles are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. It has been elucidated that exosomes secreted from immune cells are eligible to carry numerous pro-inflammatory factors exacerbating the pathological conditions. Here, in this review article, we have summarized various and reliable information about the negative role of immune cell-derived exosomes in the remodeling of pulmonary tissue and airways destruction in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Erkan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Kubra Korkunc
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shah SA, Ishinaga H, Takeuchi K. Distinct Secretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in Upper and Lower Chronic Airway Diseases. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway is protected by a defensive mucus barrier. The most prominent components of mucus are the mucin glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC5B. They are produced by goblet cells and submucosal gland cells in the upper and lower airways. Hyperplasia of these cells and hypersecretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B characterize chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airways. Recent studies have revealed that MUC5AC and MUC5B are expressed at specific sites in the respiratory tract through different molecular mechanisms and have distinct functions. Morphometric and histochemical studies have also examined the roles of goblet cells, submucosal gland cells, MUC5AC, and MUC5B in different chronic airway diseases individually. The individual study of goblet cells, submucosal gland cells, MUC5AC, and MUC5B in airway diseases would be helpful for precisely diagnosing chronic inflammatory diseases of the airway and establishing optimal treatments. This review focuses on the distinct secretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B and their producing cells in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower airway.
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Saminan S, Julisafrida L, Ridwan M, Fajri N. COVID-19 Pandemic: What Considerations Should Be Taken during the Assessment and Management of COPD Exacerbation? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-going coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could contribute to higher mortality in population with underlying respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this review was to inform readers pertaining to the correlation of COPD exacerbation and severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection along with considerations that could be taken in the clinical diagnosis and management. The literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases using related terms (such as, but not limited to, “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “COPD management,” “N-acetylcysteine,” and “corticosteroids”) on November 1–9, 2021. Recent studies suggest that COVID-19 and COPD are correlated through three pathways, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, dysregulation of biological parameters, and occurrence of pneumonia. Early detection of COVID-19 in patients with underlying COPD is difficult because they share similar symptoms, attributed to advanced progression of the infection and subsequently deteriorates lung function. During COPD management, clinicians are expected to take consideration on the effect of systemic corticosteroids if patients develop COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 and COPD and its management are potentially correlated, contributing to the worsening of the disease. There is a need of immediate research to reveal the true correlation between COVID-19 and COPD to improve the management.
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Li L, Hao D, Cheng P, Li K, Li X, Wang J, Wang Q, Du Z, Ji H, Chen H. LKB1 deficiency upregulates RELM-α to drive airway goblet cell metaplasia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:42. [PMID: 34921639 PMCID: PMC8738459 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting airway goblet cell metaplasia is a novel strategy that can potentially reduce the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms. Tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an important regulator of the proliferation and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. In this study, we report that LKB1 expression was downregulated in the lungs of patients with COPD and in those of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Nkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/f mice with conditional loss of Lkb1 in mouse lung epithelium displayed airway mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary macrophage infiltration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the lung tissues from Nkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/f mice further revealed that airway goblet cell differentiation was altered in the absence of LKB1. An organoid culture study demonstrated that Lkb1 deficiency in mouse airway (club) progenitor cells promoted the expression of FIZZ1/RELM-α, which drove airway goblet cell differentiation and pulmonary macrophage recruitment. Additionally, monocyte-derived macrophages in the lungs of Nkx2.1Cre; Lkb1f/f mice exhibited an alternatively activated M2 phenotype, while expressing RELM-α, which subsequently aggravated airway goblet cell metaplasia. Our findings suggest that the LKB1-mediated crosstalk between airway progenitor cells and macrophages regulates airway goblet cell metaplasia. Moreover, our data suggest that LKB1 agonists might serve as a potential therapeutic option to treat respiratory disorders associated with goblet cell metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - De Hao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Peiyong Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhai Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Du
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Dubaissi E. A 'tad' of hope in the fight against airway disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2347-57. [PMID: 33079166 DOI: 10.1042/BST20200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xenopus tadpoles have emerged as a powerful in vivo model system to study mucociliary epithelia such as those found in the human airways. The tadpole skin has mucin-secreting cells, motile multi-ciliated cells, ionocytes (control local ionic homeostasis) and basal stem cells. This cellular architecture is very similar to the large airways of the human lungs and represents an easily accessible and experimentally tractable model system to explore the molecular details of mucociliary epithelia. Each of the cell types in the tadpole skin has a human equivalent and a conserved network of genes and signalling pathways for their differentiation has been discovered. Great insight into the function of each of the cell types has been achieved using the Xenopus model and this has enhanced our understanding of airway disease. This simple model has already had a profound impact on the field but, as molecular technologies (e.g. gene editing and live imaging) continue to develop apace, its use for understanding individual cell types and their interactions will likely increase. For example, its small size and genetic tractability make it an ideal model for live imaging of a mucociliary surface especially during environmental challenges such as infection. Further potential exists for the mimicking of human genetic mutations that directly cause airway disease and for the pre-screening of drugs against novel therapeutic targets.
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Wronski S, Beinke S, Obernolte H, Belyaev NN, Saunders KA, Lennon MG, Schaudien D, Braubach P, Jonigk D, Warnecke G, Zardo P, Fieguth HG, Wilkens L, Braun A, Hessel EM, Sewald K. Rhinovirus-induced Human Lung Tissue Responses Mimic COPD and Asthma Gene Signatures. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:544-554. [PMID: 34181859 PMCID: PMC8641849 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (RV) is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma exacerbations. The exploration of RV pathogenesis has been hampered by a lack of disease-relevant model systems. We performed a detailed characterization of host responses to RV infection in human lung tissue ex vivo and investigated whether these responses are disease relevant for patients with COPD and asthma. In addition, impact of the viral replication inhibitor rupintrivir was evaluated. Human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were infected with RV1B with or without rupintrivir. At Days 1 and 3 after infection, RV tissue localization, tissue viability, and viral load were determined. To characterize host responses to infection, mediator and whole genome analyses were performed. RV successfully replicated in PCLS airway epithelial cells and induced both antiviral and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNα2a, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN-γ, TNFα, and CCL5. Genomic analyses revealed that RV not only induced antiviral immune responses but also triggered changes in epithelial cell–associated pathways. Strikingly, the RV response in PCLS was reflective of gene expression changes described in patients with COPD and asthma. Although RV-induced host immune responses were abrogated by rupintrivir, RV-triggered epithelial processes were largely refractory to antiviral treatment. Detailed analysis of RV-infected human PCLS and comparison with gene signatures of patients with COPD and asthma revealed that the human RV PCLS model represents disease-relevant biological mechanisms that can be partially inhibited by a well-known antiviral compound and provide an outstanding opportunity to evaluate novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Wronski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany;
| | - Soren Beinke
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolai N Belyaev
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ken A Saunders
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark G Lennon
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Dsease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pathology, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Pathology, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Zardo
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Member of Fraunhofer international Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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12
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Page LK, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653969. [PMID: 33868294 PMCID: PMC8044850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Page
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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13
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Kelly SJ, Brodecky V, Skuza EM, Berger PJ, Tatkov S. Variability in tracheal mucociliary transport is not controlled by beating cilia in lambs in vivo during ventilation with humidified and nonhumidified air. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L473-L485. [PMID: 33438520 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00485.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary transport in the respiratory epithelium depends on beating of cilia to move a mucus layer containing trapped inhaled particles toward the mouth. Little is known about the relationship between cilia beat frequency (CBF) and mucus transport velocity (MTV) in vivo under normal physiological conditions and when inspired air is dry or not fully humidified. This study was designed to use video-microscopy to simultaneously measure CBF and MTV in the tracheal epithelium through an implanted optical window in mechanically ventilated lambs. The inspired air in 6 animals was heated to body temperature and fully saturated with water for 4 hours as a baseline. In another series of experiments, 5 lambs were ventilated with air at different temperatures and humidities and the mucosal surface temperature was monitored with infrared macro-imaging. In the baseline experiments, during ventilation with fully humidified air at body temperature, CBF remained constant, mean 13.9 ± 1.6 Hz but MTV varied considerably between 0.1 and 26.1 mm/min with mean 11.0 ± 3.9 mm/min, resulting in a maximum mucus displacement of 34.2 µm/cilia beat. Fully humidified air at body temperature prevented fluctuations in the surface temperature during breathing indicating a thermodynamic balance in the airways. When lambs were ventilated with dryer air, the mucosal surface temperature and MTV dropped without a significant change in CBF. When inspired air was dry, mainly latent heat (92%) was transferred to air in the trachea, reducing the surface temperature by 5 °C. Reduced humidity of the inspired air lowered the surface temperature and reduced MTV in the epithelium during ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kelly
- Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - V Brodecky
- Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E M Skuza
- Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P J Berger
- Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tatkov
- Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Srinivasan K, Sathiyaseelan M, Raj J, Ranganadin P, Subramanian B. Potential health impacts and lung microbiome changes among smoking and smokeless tobacco use : A technical scan. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ejop.ejop_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Rayner RE, Makena P, Prasad GL, Cormet-Boyaka E. Cigarette smoke preparations, not electronic nicotine delivery system preparations, induce features of lung disease in a 3D lung repeat-dose model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L276-L287. [PMID: 33207918 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00452.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer. The potential health effects of chronic use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is unclear. This study utilized fully differentiated primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cultures in a repeat-dose exposure to evaluate and compare the effect of combustible cigarette and ENDS preparations. We show that 1-h daily exposure of NHBE cultures over a 10-day period to combustible cigarette whole smoke-conditioned media (WS-CM) increased expression of oxidative stress markers, cell proliferation, airway remodeling, and cellular transformation markers and decreased mucociliary function including ion channel function and airway surface liquid. Conversely, aerosol conditioned media (ACM) from ENDS with similar nicotine concentration (equivalent-nicotine units) as WS-CM and nicotine alone had no effect on those parameters. In conclusion, primary NHBE cultures in a repeat-dose exposure system represent a good model to assess the features of lung disease. This study also reveals that cigarette and ENDS preparations differentially elicit several key endpoints, some of which are potential biomarkers for lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Rayner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - G L Prasad
- RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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16
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Osan JK, Talukdar SN, Feldmann F, DeMontigny BA, Jerome K, Bailey KL, Feldmann H, Mehedi M. Goblet Cell Hyperplasia Increases SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COPD. bioRxiv 2020:2020.11.11.379099. [PMID: 33200131 PMCID: PMC7668735 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.11.379099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a major problem across the globe, with approximately 50 million cases and more than 1 million deaths and currently no approved treatment or vaccine. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the underlying conditions in adults of any age that place them at risk for developing severe illness associated with COVID-19. We established an airway epithelium model to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy and COPD lung cells. We found that both the entry receptor ACE2 and the co-factor transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 are expressed at higher levels on nonciliated goblet cell, a novel target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 infected goblet cells and induced syncytium formation and cell sloughing. We also found that SARS-CoV-2 replication was increased in the COPD airway epithelium likely due to COPD associated goblet cell hyperplasia. Our results reveal goblet cells play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K. Osan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Contributed equally to this study
| | - Sattya N. Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Contributed equally to this study
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Divison of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Beth Ann DeMontigny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Kailey Jerome
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Divison of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Masfique Mehedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Lead contact
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17
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Eapen MS, Sohal SS. WNT/β-catenin pathway: A novel therapeutic target for attenuating airway remodelling and EMT in COPD. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103095. [PMID: 33161229 PMCID: PMC7656136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag - 1322, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag - 1322, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia.
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18
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Sprott RF, Ritzmann F, Langer F, Yao Y, Herr C, Kohl Y, Tschernig T, Bals R, Beisswenger C. Flagellin shifts 3D bronchospheres towards mucus hyperproduction. Respir Res 2020; 21:222. [PMID: 32847538 PMCID: PMC7448433 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with acute and chronic bacterial infections of the lung. Excessive differentiation of basal cells to mucus-producing goblet cells can result in mucus hyperproduction and loss of mucociliary clearance in the airways of CF and COPD patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the differentiation of human 3D bronchospheres. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were differentiated to bronchospheres in the presence of bacterial flagellin and LPS and the synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands Pam3CSK4 (TLR-2) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC, TLR-3). Electron and fluorescence microscopy showed that the differentiation of bronchospheres associated with the formation of lumina and appearance of cilia within 30 days after seeding. Incubation with flagellin resulted in a decreased formation of lumina and loss of cilia formation. Incubation with Pam3CSK, pIC, and LPS did not significantly affect formation of lumina and ciliation. Mucus production was strongly increased in response to flagellin and, to a lesser degree, in response to Pam3CSK4. Our results indicate that bacterial factors, such as flagellin, drive the differentiation of the respiratory epithelium towards mucus hyperproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Sprott
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Frank Langer
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 41M, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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19
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Hadzic S, Wu CY, Avdeev S, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT, Kosanovic D. Lung epithelium damage in COPD - An unstoppable pathological event? Cell Signal 2020; 68:109540. [PMID: 31953012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common term for alveolar septal wall destruction resulting in emphysema, and chronic bronchitis accompanied by conductive airway remodelling. In general, this disease is characterized by a disbalance of proteolytic/anti-proteolytic activity, augmented inflammatory response, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, rise in number of apoptotic cells and decreased proliferation. As the first responder to the various environmental stimuli, epithelium occupies an important position in different lung pathologies, including COPD. Epithelium sequentially transitions from the upper airways in the direction of the gas exchange surface in the alveoli, and every cell type possesses a distinct role in the maintenance of the homeostasis. Basically, a thick ciliated structure of the airway epithelium has a major function in mucus secretion, whereas, alveolar epithelium which forms a thin barrier covered by surfactant has a function in gas exchange. Following this line, we will try to reveal whether or not the chronic bronchitis and emphysema, being two pathological phenotypes in COPD, could originate in two different types of epithelium. In addition, this review focuses on the role of lung epithelium in COPD pathology, and summarises underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hadzic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Ali MN, Mori M, Mertens TCJ, Siddhuraj P, Erjefält JS, Önnerfjord P, Hiemstra PS, Egesten A. Osteopontin Expression in Small Airway Epithelium in Copd is Dependent on Differentiation and Confined to Subsets of Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15566. [PMID: 31664154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in inflammation via recruitment of neutrophils and tissue remodeling. In this study, we investigated the distribution of OPN-expressing cells in the airway epithelium of normal lung tissue and that from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OPN was detected on the epithelial cell surface of small airways and in scattered cells within the epithelial cell layer. Staining revealed higher OPN concentrations in tissue showing moderate to severe COPD compared to that in controls. In addition, OPN expression was confined to goblet and club cells, and was absent from ciliated and basal cells as detected via immunohistochemistry. However, OPN expression was up-regulated in submerged basal cells cultures exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) extract. Cell fractioning of air-liquid interface cultures revealed increased OPN production from basal compartment cells compared to that in luminal fraction cells. Furthermore, both constitutive and CS-induced expression of OPN decreased during differentiation. In contrast, cultures stimulated with interleukin (IL)-13 to promote goblet cell hyperplasia showed increased OPN production in response to CS exposure. These results indicate that the cellular composition of the airway epithelium plays an important role in OPN expression and that these levels may reflect disease endotypes in COPD.
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21
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Hikichi M, Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Gon Y. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S2129-S2140. [PMID: 31737341 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that is characterized by functional and structural alterations primarily caused by long-term inhalation of harmful particles. Cigarette smoke (CS) induces airway inflammation in COPD, which is known to persist even after smoking cessation. This review discusses the basic pathogenesis of COPD, with particular focus on an endogenous protective mechanism against oxidative stress via Nrf2, altered immune response of the airway inflammatory cells, exaggerated cellular senescence of the lung structural cells, and cell death with expanded inflammation. Recently, CS-induced mitochondria autophagy is reported to initiate programmed necrosis (necroptosis). Necroptosis is a new concept of cell death which is driven by a defined molecular pathway along with exaggerated inflammation. This new cell death mechanism is of importance due to its ability to produce more inflammatory substances during the process of epithelial death, contributing to persistent airway inflammation that cannot be explained by apoptosis-derived cell death. Autophagy is an auto-cell component degradation system executed by lysosomes that controls protein and organelle degradation for successful homeostasis. As well as in the process of necroptosis, autophagy is also observed during cellular senescence. Aging of the lungs results in the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) that are known to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. In future research, we intend to highlight the genetic and epigenetic approaches that can facilitate the understanding of disease susceptibility. The goal of precision medicine is to establish more accurate diagnosis and treatment methods based on the patient-specific pathogenic characteristics. This review provides insights into CS-induced COPD pathogenesis, which contributes to a very complex disease. Investigating the mechanism of developing COPD, along with the availability of the particular inhibitors, will lead to new therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Higham A, Quinn AM, Cançado JED, Singh D. The pathology of small airways disease in COPD: historical aspects and future directions. Respir Res 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 30832670 PMCID: PMC6399904 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways disease (SAD) is a cardinal feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) first recognized in the nineteenth century. The diverse histopathological features associated with SAD underpin the heterogeneous nature of COPD. Our understanding of the key molecular mechanisms which drive the pathological changes are not complete. In this article we will provide a historical overview of key histopathological studies which have helped shape our understanding of SAD and discuss the hallmark features of airway remodelling, mucous plugging and inflammation. We focus on the relationship between SAD and emphysema, SAD in the early stages of COPD, and the mechanisms which cause SAD progression, including bacterial colonization and exacerbations. We discuss the need to specifically target SAD to attenuate the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- The University of Manchester Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Dave Singh
- The University of Manchester Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK
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23
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